Vol. 65, No. 2 (March-April 2014) 11

Ethiopia - Grand Cordon of the Seal of Solomon - Field-Marshal The Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, K.G., G.C.B., D.S.O., (8742), Colonel The Royal Warwickshire Regiment, Colonel Commandant Royal Tank Regiment, Royal Armoured Corps, Colonel Commandant Parachute Regiment, Colonel Commandant Army Physical Training Corps.

After World War II Montgomery became, in turn,

Figure 11: Presentation case of the Order awarded to Field Marshal

Montgomery (244mm x 214mm x 64 mm; the sash is 104mm in width).

Figure 12: The obverse of Field Marshal Montgomery’s Breast Star (92.3mm x 93.1mm;

weight 118.7gms).

Figure 13: The reverse of the breast star in Figure 12.

Figure 14: The obverse of Field Marshal Montgomery’s sash badge (56.5mm x 49.6mm; the crown is

28.7mm x 22.8mm); weight 68 gms).

12 JOMSA

Commander in Chief of the British Army of the Rhine, Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Chairman of the Western European Union’s Commanders in Chief Committee, and in 1952 became General Eisenhower’s deputy at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

There is one manufacturer’s mark on the reverse of the breast star, the Amharic letters A. A. S. G. B. and the first two are for Addis Ababa, the third letter probably is for Sevadjian, the court jeweler, and the last two for the

Figure 15: The reverse of the sash badge in Figure 14.

individual craftsman (Figure 16). The presentation case bears no maker’s name, and while this star and badge differ in detail from General Eisenhower’s award, both have been hand crafted from gold. The dimensions of both badges and breast stars differ noting the individual nature of the manufacture of the awards.

Acknowledgements:

In concluding I would note my especial thanks to Herb Pankratz, Archivist of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum in Abilene, Kansas, and his colleagues Kathy Strauss, Audiovisual Archivist, and Matthew Thompson, Museum Registrar. My thanks also go to Alan Jeffreys, Senior Curator, Social History, Exhibits Section, Department of Collections of the Imperial War Museum in London and his colleague Anthony Richards, Head of Documents and Sound.

Post Script

As President of the United States, Eisenhower was presented with the chain (collar) of the Grand and Most Exalted Order of the Queen of Sheba on May 26, 1954 during the state visit of Emperor Haile Selassie to the United States,.

Bibliography

Correspondence and documentation from the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum in Abilene, Kansas: Certificate of Bestowal, September 10, 1948.

Covering letter and Memorandum for African Affairs Division, Department of State, Attn. Mr. Wellons, Subject Ethiopian Decoration for General Eisenhower, from Colonel Francis C. Grayling, August 29, 1948.

Invitation from the Imperial Ethiopian Legation, Washington DC, August 24, 1948.

Letter from Andrew G. Lynch, Acting Chief Division of African Affairs, to Colonel Francis Grayling, August 30, 1948.

Letter from Colonel Francis J. Grayling, Foreign Liaison Officer, to Major Robert L. Schulz, Aide to General Eisenhower, July 23, 1948.

Letter from Emperor Haile Selassie, February 14, 1947.Letter from General Eisenhower to Emperor Haile Selassie,

September 13, 1948.Letter from Minister Ras Imru, Minister, Imperial Ethiopian

Legation, to General Eisenhower, January 3, 1949.Letter from General Eisenhower to His Excellency Ras H.S. Imru,

Minister of Ethiopia, July 29, 1948.Letter from John Shaw, Consul General, Imperial Consulate General

of Ethiopia, New York to Mr. Kevin McCann, Assistant to the President, January 3, 1951.

Letter from Major Philip St. G. Cocke, Foreign Liaison Office to Major R.L. Schulz, September 1, 1948.

Letter from Mr. Kevin McCann, Assistant to the President, to The Ethiopian Consulate, New York, December 21, 1950.

Letter from Ras Imru, Minister, Imperial Ethiopian Legation, to General Eisenhower, July 20, 1948.

List of Guests attending the Ceremony of the Award to General Eisenhower from Imperial Memorandum to General Eisenhower from Major R.L. Schulz, August 30, 1948.

Memorandum for Record, Subject: Ethiopian Decoration for General Eisenhower, from Col. Francis. J. Grayling July 27, 1948.

Figure 16: Maker’s mark on the reverse of Montgomery’s breast star.

Vol. 65, No. 2 (March-April 2014) 13

Published Sources

Biasio, Elisabeth: Prunk und Prach am Hofe Menileks Alfred Ilgs Aethiopien um 1900 – Majesty and Magnificence at the Court of Menelik Alfred Ilg’s Ethiopia around 1900. Zurich: Verlag Neue Zurcher Zeitung, Volkerkundemuseum der Universitat Zurich, 2004.

Copley, Gregory R. Ethiopia Reaches Her Hand Unto God. Virginia: Defense and Foreign Affairs, 1998.

Ilg, Alfred. Sein Leben und sein Wirken als schweizerische Kulturbote in Abessinien. Frauenfeld und Leipzig: Conrad Keller, Werlag von Huber & Co., 1918.

Imperial Ethiopian Government Insignia Regulations, 1954.Marsden, Philip. The Barefoot Emperor, An Ethiopian Tragedy: New

York: Harper Collins, 2007.“Mission to Abyssinia Awards.” London Gazette, August 27, 1897. Pankhurst, Richard (Editor). Diary of a Journey to Abyssinia, 1868,

With the Expedition under Sir Robert Napier, K.C.S.I. The Diary and Observations of William Simpson of the Illustrated London News. Hollywood: Tsehai, 2002.

Paterson, Stephen. Royal Insignia and Foreign Orders of Chivalry from the Royal Collection. London: Merrel Holberton, 1996.

Prouty, Chris. Empress Taytu and Menilek II, Ethiopia 1883-1910. Trenton, New Jersey: Red Sea Press, 1986.

Rassam, Hormzud. Narrative of the British Mission to Theodore King of Abyssinia. London: John Murray, 1869.

Stern, The Rev. Henry A., Cassell. The Captive Missionary: Being an Account of the Country and People of Abyssinia, Embracing a Narrative of King Theodore’s Life, and His Treatment of Political and Religious Missions. London: Petter and Galpin, 1868.

Supplement, London Gazette, of Tuesday, May 27, 1949.Third Supplement, London Gazette, March 25, 1949.

Ullendorff, Edward (translator). My Life and Ethiopia’ Progress Volume One: 1892-1937; The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Sellassie, King of Kings and Lord of Lords, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.

Werlich, Robert. Orders and Decorations of All Nations, Second Edition. Washington: Quaker Press, 1974.

Correspondence

Biasio, Elisabeth, Lic. Phil, former curator of the Ethiopian Collection, Ethnographic Museum of the University of Zurich.

Gerber, Dr. Peter R., retired curator of the American Collection and retired interim curator of the Ethiopian collection, Ethnographic Museum of the University of Zurich.

Halleux, Emmanuel, Liege, Belgium.Jeffreys, Alan, Senior Curator, Social History, Exhibits Section,

Department of Collections of the Imperial War Museum in London

Pankratz, Herb, Archivist, and Matthew Thompson, Museum Registrar, of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum in Abilene, Kansas.

Prokopiou, Dr. Angelos G., Professor of History of Art in the Faculty of Architecture at the National Technical University of Athens.

Tammann, Professor Doctor Gustav, Basel, Switzerland.

Websiteswww.columbia.eduwww.eisenhower.archives.govwww.ethiopian.crownwww.iwm.org.ukwww.london-gazette.co.uk

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Tony Prowse of New Zealand writes: On page 6 of John Liffiton’s “1936 German Summer Olympic Medals” in the November-December 2103 issue of JOMSA, the Olympic Games Decoration 2nd class measurements are given as 5.9cm x 5.7cm. These measurements are in conflict with those on page 5 where the author indicates that the 2nd class decoration measures 5.7cm x 4.4cm. Which is correct?

John Liffiton replies: Page six is inaccurate. . . I just measured my second class and from the eagle’s head to the bottom point of the star, it’s 5.7 cm and from the left edge of the central hold arm to the opposite right edge, it’s 4.4 cm. In short page five is correct and page six isn’t.

Harry Waterson sent the following short article in response to the Liffiton article:

1936 USA SUMMER OLYMPIC MEDALS - AN AFTERTHOUGHT

The Closing Ceremonies of the XI Olympiad were celebrated in Berlin, August 18th, 1936. Three days

later a luncheon took place in a bar just off Broadway at 50th St. & 8th Ave. to plan a reception for the United States athletes who had participated in the Summer Olympics. Travel then did not have many options and the bulk of the United States contingent was returning on two ships; the Roosevelt which docked in New York on August 28th and the Manhattan which landed there on September 3rd. Bill Robinson (Mr. Bojangles) called Jesse Owens from Jack Dempsey’s Restaurant and Bar during lunch to confirm his participation in the ‘Welcome Home’ ceremonies. On September 3, when the second ship came in, all the athletes met up in Battery Park and they were then honored with a ticker tape parade up Broadway to Harlem and then over to Randall’s Island where the official reception and the presentations of medals took place.

Each of the men and women of the American delegation got a special medal, silver for those who finished 1st, 2nd or 3rd in Berlin and bronze for those who participated. At lunch they decided the medal would bear the seal of the City of New York on one side and on the reverse the

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