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Vhca 8

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

Inla`tovas. Iutmoka oepirthkt jh`tirs `ik`arkokc nidy hmockeakt0. Odaktojy tba stru`turhm amaeakts ij tba mhrykx hkd vi`hm trh`t7 axtrokso` & oktrokso`.

Iut`ieas66?)dajokas gokhastbasoh hs tba par`aptoik

ij yiur nidy ok eitoik< biw ot eivas, wbara ot eivas, hkd tba quhmoty ij tbht

eivaeakt (p. 1). Ppa`ojo`hmmy, wbak wa sokc, tba nidy eivas nitb ik hk axtrokso`

mavam (hre casturas, bahd eivaeakts at`.) hkd ik hk oktrokso` mavam (aephtbato`

vonrhtoiks, eus`umhr eivaeakts at`.).

^ahdokcs

E`@iy (>664). _iur Zio`a< Hk Oksoda Zoaw. @bhptar ? (pp. 863801)

Tburehk & Sam`b (>666). Nidyeokd & Zio`a. Zim.>, @bhptar : (pp.01:0::)

Ehmda, Hmmak & \ammar (>66?). Sbht Avary Pokcar Kaads ti Gkiw Hniut tba Nidy.@bhptar 8 & > (pp. 84:)

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Zio`a< Hrt & P`oak`a (Dlhrts Ehkuhms)

Vhca >

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Pi biw dias ika davamip gokhastbato` hwhrakass9 Hmmak privodas us wotb h most ij bampjum odahs dasockad

ti iroakthta iur hwhrakass ti dojjarakt nidy phrts hkd eitoiks (pp. 41)68>) wrotas,

Hs sokcars hkd tah`bars, wa jh`a twi parakkohm prinmaes ramhtad ti pbysoimicy< 8) eist ij tba vi`hm

ea`bhkose os kit vosonma ukdar kirehm `or`uesthk`as7 >) gokhastbato` jaadnh`g wa ra`aova wboma sokcokc ijtak

os okh``urhta. Gkiwmadca ij tba pbysoimico` `ikka`toiks ok tba vio`a, nacokkokc wotb tba rasporhtiry systae

hkd eivokc ik ti pbikhtoik, rasikhk`a, hkd hrto`umhtoik, bamps heamoirhta tbasa dojjo`umtoas. (p. 1>?)

n. Qsa tba Eorrir

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Vhca 0

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Nidy Hmockeakt

Hs wa na`iea eira hwhra ij tba wbima okstrueakt wa ehy sthrt ti kito`a tba ka`assoty jir stru`turhm

hmockeakt7 o.a. tba buehk nidy wirgs nast hs h siukd ehgokc okstrueakt wbak tba sgamathm stru`tura

hkd tba eus`umhr s`hjjimdokc bhs h`boavad h sthta ij nhmhk`a hkd hmockeakt (Pbawamm, >66?7 Tburehk athm., >666). Qkjirtukhtamy, tba buehk nidy dias kit bhva h khturhm pripaksoty jir ciid pisturhm

hmockeakt. Earonatb Nuk`b Dhyea (>66?)kitas, Piea typo`hm prinmaes tah`bars womm saa hkd bhva ti

`irra`t hra oepripar pisotoik ij tba bahd, riukdad sbiumdars, h `rhepad `bast, hkd ax`assovamy hr`bad

miwar nh`g (mirdisos) hkd mi`gad gkaas (p. 1?).

Pi wbht dias ciid nidy hmockeakt miig moga9 Tba jorst tbokc ti `iksodar wbak saagokc ciid nidy

hmockeakt os tba stru`turhm ehgaup ij tba buehk sgamatik. Tba jimmiwokc oehca (Jocura 8) sbiws tba

buehk sgamatik hkd ots sox piokts ij nhmhk`a. Pbiumdars

4. Bop Liokts

0. Tbirh`o` & Muenar Oktarpmhy

1. Gkaa Liokts

:. Hkgma Liokts

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Zio`a< Hrt & P`oak`a (Dlhrts Ehkuhms)

Vhca 4

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Hmmak (>66?) sthtas tbht, h``urhtamy ehppokc tba sox pmh`as ij nhmhk`a covas sokcars hk axtraeamy

piwarjum sat ij sokcokc tiims (p. >1). Mats dajoka tbasa : piokts ij nhmhk`a. Pbiumdars< Hphrt jrie biusokc tba sbiumdar si`gat ok wbo`b tba hre htth`bas ti tba tbirhx, tbasbiumdars hmsi `iktronuta ti tba stru`tura hkd s`hjjimdokc ij tba ron`hca (voh tba jrheawirg ij

eus`mas tbht htth`b ti tba @mhvo`ma hkd P`hpumh). Hmmak bocbmocbts, Ti nhmhk`a yiur hre stru`tura,

tba rast ij yiur nidy eust hmrahdy na ok nhmhk`a (p. 46).

0. Tbirh`o` hkd Muenar Oktarpmhy< Tba mhrcast ehss ij tba buehk nidy os jiukd ok tba tbirhx. Oj tbatbirhx os kit suothnmy nhmhk`ad ivar tba miwar piokts ij nhmhk`a (Bops, Gkaas, Hkgmas) tbak ukdua

eus`umhr taksoik ehy na dostronutad hniva tba tbirhx. Tbos ok turk jires hk ukdasorhnma

biusokc ij tba mhrykx7 o.a. tba mhrykx womm na ak`hsad ok eus`umhr

taksoik tbht os mogamy ti rastro`t ots ajjo`oakt hkd susthokhnma

ehkiauvrokcs.

4. Bop Liokts< Nahutojummy dasockad, tba bop liokts avakmy dostronuta tbawaocbt ij yiur nidy tbriucb yiur macs hkd okti tba jmiir. Ot os

oepirthkt ti gaap yiur bop liokts hmockad7 aksurokc tbht tba pamvos dias

kit tu`g ukdar (hmmiwokc tba pisotoik ij tba spoka ti `immhpsa okti tba

pamvo` cordma7 Jocura >). Aquhmmy, tba pamvos sbiumd kit na hmmiwad ti

tbrust jirwhrd (`husokc tba spoka ti `urva tbriucb tba muenar pirtoikij tba nh`g).

1. Gkaa Liokts< Ot bhs naak kitad wotb tba itbar piokts ij hmockeakt tbhth mh`g ij nhmhk`a ok ika pmh`a womm mogamy rasumt ok piir nhmhk`a hkd

hmockeakt ok itbars. Pi tii wotb tba gkaa liokts. Oj tba gkaa eivas okti h mi`gadpisotoik, tba

rast ij tba nidy (phrto`umhrmy tba tbirhx) womm ijtak `iepakshta wotb eus`umhr taksoik tbht os kit

`ikdu`ova ti ciid sokcokc.

:. Hkgma Liokts< Jraa hkd hcoma eivaeakt ij tba aktora nidy os dapakdakt ik nhmhk`ad hkdraspiksova hkgma liokts. Nhmhk`ad hkd raspiksova hkgma liokts hra dapakdakt ik tba ramhtoikhmhmockeakt ij avarytbokc hniva tbae hs Hmmak axpmhoks< Vamvo` Cordma (Bops)

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Vhca 1

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

>. Tba Mhrykx & Purriukdokc HkhtieyNajira zikokc ok ik tba mhrykx hkd survayokc ots surriukdokc hkhtiey, ot os oepirthkt jir ea ti kita

bara tbht O he sgoppokc tba hkhtiey ij nrahtbokc ok tbos eiduma ok prajarak`a jir bocbmocbtokc

Nrahtb Ehkhcaeakt hs h sthkd-hmika eiduma.8

H sa`ikd dos`mhoear eust hmsi na hppmoad najira`iktokuokc. Mhrykcahm hkhtiey os bocbmy `iepmax hkd iur bukcar jir gkiwmadca hniut tbos ok`radonma

okstrueakt os axtrh`tokc kaw ukdarsthkdokc avary dhy voh rasahr`b `ikdu`tad h`riss tba cmina.

H``irdokcmy, tbht wbo`b jimmiws os moeotad ny twi jh`tirs< (o) tba nrahdtb ij tba sunla`t ehttar eust na

rastro`tad ti tba s`ipa ij tbos eiduma7 o.a. h nroaj ravoaw.>

(oo) Hmm okjirehtoik suppmoad namiw os `urrakt

(hkd hppriprohtamy rajarak`ad) hs ij tba toea ij wrotokc7 nut os sunla`t ti eira bocbmy rajokad

ukdarsthkdokcs hs tbay `iea ti mocbt voh kaw rasahr`b. Tbos eocbt ci wotbiut shyokc, nut O jokd ot

ka`asshry ti raeokd ey rahdars ij tbos jh`t covak tba ax`otokc ph`a ht wbo`b iur pursuot ij kaw

gkiwmadca os eivokc. Sotb tbasa twi civarkokc jh`tirs ok pmh`a, mats pri`aad

Tba Puparstru`tura

Tba ehlir jrheawirg ij tba mhrykx

`iksosts ij ika nika (byiod) hkd h

kuenar ij `hrtomhcas (Jocura 0). Tba

suparstru`tura ij tba mhrykx os

suspakdad ukdarkahtb tba byiod nika

hkd na`husa tba byiod bhs ki liokt

`ikka`tokc ot ti tba sgamatik, ot akliys h

sunsthktohm jraadie ij eivaeakt

(E`@iy, >664, p. 880). Tba byiod nika

hmsi privodas tba hk`bir piokt jir ehky

ij tba axtrokso` eus`mas wbo`b ok turk

hra oepirthkt jir swhmmiwokc.

Ehky stru`turas oepirthkt ok sokcokc sbhra `ieeik piokts ij irocok hkd htth`beakt7 oepripar pisturas

hkd taksoiks tbarajira hra ahsomy trhksjarrad jrie ika mi`htoik ti hkitbar. Tbos os phrto`umhrmy trua ij lhw

hkd tikcua taksoiks, wbo`b hra phssad dora`tmy hmikc ti tba mhrykx jrie tba byiod. (p. 884)

8Jir siea, tbos eocbt nrahg wotb tba khturhm jmiw ij okquory, biwavar O namoava tbht Nrahtb Ehkhcaeakt hkd tba

h``iephkyokc ravoaw ij hssi`ohtad hkhtiey raquoras ok-daptb okvastochtoik hkd nrahg-diwk7 covak tbht nrahtb os

jukdheakthm ti hmm siukd eiraivar, nrahtb juams tba vio`a hkd hdvhk`as avary itbar vi`hm h`tovoty tbht eocbt na

kieokhtad.>

Tbisa wosbokc ti gkiw eira hniut tba hkhtiey ij tba mhrykx hra dora`tad ti rahd tba ax`ammakt wirgs wrottak ny Tburehk

& Sam`b (Nidyeokd & Zio`a), E`@iy (_iur Zio`a< Hk Oksoda Zoaw), Puknarc (Tba P`oak`a ij tba Pokcokc Zio`a), hkd ehky

itbars.

Jocura 0< Mhrykx @hrtomhcas - Phcotthm Pa`toik

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Vhca :

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Tbara hra jova `hrtomhcas tbht jire tba suparstru`tura ij tba mhrykx. @ro`iod @hrtomhca< Pbhpad moga h sockat rokc (mhrca pirtoik ht tba nh`g, sehmmar nhkd ht tba jrikt)tba `ro`iod `hrtomhca sots dora`tmy namiw tba tbyriod `hrtomhca . Tba `ro`iod os htth`bad ti tba

okjaroir birks ij tba tbyriod `hrtomhca tbriucb sykivohm liokts0, wbo`b hmmiw tba `hrtomhcas ti nitb

povit hkd smoda ok pisotoik ramhtova ti ah`b itbar (p. 884). Tba `ro`iod `hrtomhca os nitb tba tip ij

tba trh`bahm stae (wokdpopa) hkd tba nhsa ij tba mhrykx.

0. Hrytakiod @hrtomhca< Potuhtad ht tba rahr ij tba ea`bhkose, tba twi (majt hkd rocbt) hrytakiod`hrtomhcas strhddma tba `ro`iod `hrtomhca moga h rodar eiukts h birsa. Pykivohm liokts `ikka`t tba

hrytakiods ti tba `ro`iod, pareottokc tbae ti rithta ik ots surjh`a hkd ti smoda ticatbar hkd

hphrt (p. 881).

4. Apocmittos< Hrcuhnmy tba eist oepirthkt poa`a ij eivokc stru`tura wotbok tba mhrykx, tbaapocmittos jires tba jrikt whmm ij tba sph`a hniva tba vi`hm jimds, wotb tba hryapocmitto` jimds

rukkokc nh`g jrie tba apocmittos ti tba hrytakiod `hrt omhcas (Pbawamm, >66?, p. 8:0). Tba

apocmittos os `ru`ohm ti tba survovhm ij tba buehk naokc na`husa ot dora`ts jiid hkd jmuod okti tba

iasipbhcus hkd hwhy jrie tba mhrykx ny `misokc ijj tba horwhy7 tbus pravaktokc `bi`gokc hkd/ir

driwkokc.

1. Trh`bahm Ptae< Tba trh`bahm stae os ehda-up ij ok`iepmata `hrtomhcokius rokcs. Tbasa rokcs hra`ikka`tad ny h jmaxonma eaenrhka wbo`b ok turk hmmiws jir tba miwarokc hkd mojtokc ij tba mhrykx.

Axtrokso` Eus`mas

Potuhtad dora`tmy nakahtb tba lhw hkd eiutb, tba mhrykx sots jrikt hkd

`aktra ok tba ka`g (Jocura 4). Moanarehk hkd @bhpehk (8??2)

das`rona tba pisotoik ij tba mhrykx sthtokc, Hkhtieo`hmmy, tba mhrykx os

kit htth`bad ti tba spokhm `imuek, nut os suspakdad natwaak tba sgummhkd tba starkue tbriucb h `iepmo`htad katwirg ij eus`mas(p. >).

Tba axtrokso` eus`umhtura kit ikmy suspakds tba mhrykx ok pmh`a, nut

hmsi dora`tmy okjmuak`as tba h`tovoty ij tba mhrykx hkd ok diokc si `hk

oeph`t pbikhtoik nitb pisotovamy hkd kachtovamy. P`itt E`@iy (>664),

ok bos niig, _iur Zio`a< Hk Oksoda Zoaw, criups tba axtrokso`

0H sykivohm liokt os dojjarakt ti h `hrtomhcokius liokt ir hjonrius liokt na`husa ij tba axostak`a ij sehmm `usboiks (jommad wotb

munro`htokc sykivohm jmuod) tbht sot natwaak tba hrto`umhtokc stru`turas.

Jocura 4< Visotoik ij Mhrykx

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Vhca 3

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

eus`umhtura okti tbraa criups h``irdokc ti tbaor `imma`tova rimas (pp. 8>18>?)3).

n. Hktaroir & Vistaroir Dochstro`3)

`. Ptymibyiod

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Vhca 2

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Tba jhmsa daprassirs hra kirehmmy usad ok swhmmiwokc, ahtokc, hkd itbar kik-vi`hm

thsgs hkd `hk okvimva okhppriprohta taksoiks kit `ikdu`ova ti ciid vio`okc. Ij

phrto`umhr `ik`ark hra tba usa ij tikcua riit hkd lhw eus`mas. Tba ikmy trua daprassas

ij tba mhrykx hra tba starkitbyriod, tba starkibyiod, hkd ieibyiod eus`mas. Ok sokcokc

tba eist oepirthkt ij tbasa os tba starkitbyriod. (@bhpehk & Eirros, >66:h, p. 34)

Oktrokso` Eus`mas

Tba axtarkhm eus`mas ij tba mhrykx hra covak ti tba pisotoikokc

ij tba mhrykx wotbok tba ka`g, hkd hmtbiucb tbay bhva hk

okdora`t nahrokc ik tba pridu`toik ij siukd, ot os tba oktrokso`

eus`mas ij tba mhrykx wbo`b hra dora`tmy raspiksonma jirpbikhtoik. Tbara hra savak oktrokso` eus`mas wbo`b `ienoka ti

jire vi`hm siukds. @ro`itbyriod (@T)< Sirgokc ok tahe wotb `ro`ihrytakiodeus`mas tba @ro`itbyriod (@H) sarvas ti amikchta (makctbak) tba

vi`hm jimds. Ot dias tbos ny wirgokc nitb wotb hkd hchokst tba tbyrihrytakiod eus`mas. Tbos os

`hmmad hk hcikosto`-hkthcikosto` ramhtoiksbop.4

0. Mhtarhm @ro`ihrytakiod (M@H)< Vroehromy akchcad jir tba hddu`toik (`misura) ij tba vi`hm jimds,tba mhtarhm `ro`ihrytakiods rithta tba hrytakiods, nrokcokc tba vi`hm pri`assas ticatbar ti `misa

tba hktaroir pirtoik ij tba cmittos (E`@iy, >664, p. 882).

4. Oktarhrytakiodtrhksvarsa & inmoqua (OH)< Sotbiut tba oktarhrytakiod eus`ma tba h`toik ij tbamhtarhm `ro`ihrytakiod hmika wiumd pridu`a hk ok`iepmata `misura ij tba vi`hm jimds.

1. Vistaroir @ro`ihrytakiod (V@H)< Tba mhtarhm `ro`ihrytakiod, wotb tba bamp ij tba oktarhrytakiods,drhws tba vi`hm jimds ticatbar (hddu`toik). Ij `iursa tbos eust na hppriprohtamy `iuktarad wotb

eus`umhtura dasockad ti ratrh`t tba hddu`toik. Tba pistaroir `ro`ihrytakiods di lust tbht! Ik

4H soeomhr ramhtoiksbop os insarvad natwaak tba no`ap hkd tba tro`ap. Eus`mas `hk ikmy `iktrh`t. Tbay kaad hkitbar eus`ma

ti pumm tbae iut ij tbht `iktrh`toik. Sbak yiu mojt yiur hre tba no`ap `iktrh`ts pummokc tba phssova tro`ap iut ij ots

`iktrh`toik7 wbo`b bhd tba hre axtakdad. Tbos hcikosto`-hkthcikosto` ramhtoiksbop os raquorad jir tba sbirtakokc (TH) hkd

makctbakokc (@H & @T) ij tba vi`hm jimds.

Jocura 1< Vistaroir voaw ij Mhrykx

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Vhca ?

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

`iktrh`toik, tba hrytakiods hra rithtad ok h dora`toik ippisota ij tba h`toik okdu`ad ny tba

mhtarhm ro`ihrytakiod eus`mas, tbarany ipakokc tba cmittos (p. 882).

:. Hryapocmitto`< Qsad proehromy jir tba jimdokc ij tba apocmittos ti prita`t tba horwhy durokcswhmmiwokc, tba hryapocmitto` eus`ma os hmsi usad ok tba pridu`toik ij tba `iktaepirhry

rasikhk`a quhmoty rajarrad ti hs twhkc.

3. Tbyriapocmitto`< Sirgokc ok tahe wotb tba hryapocmitto` eus`ma tba tbyriapocmitto` os proehromyaepmiyad jir tba juk`toik ij swhmmiwokc.

Tba Zi`hm Jimds

Tba jokhm stip ik iur wbormwokd tiur ij tba mhrykx ravoaws tba

sa`toik wbo`b h`tuhmmy ehgas tba siukd< tba vi`hm jimds. Nitb

vi`hm jimds bhva h `hrtomhcokius pirtoik (pistaroir twi-jojtbs ij

tba makctb) hkd h eaenrhkius pirtoik. Tba vi`hm pri`assas ij

tba twi hrytakiod `hrtomhcas hra wadcad okti tba pistaroir

twi-jojtbs ij tba twi jimds ehgokc tbae sieawbht rocod

(Tburehk, Sam`b, at hm., >666, p. 0:>).

Hmsi gkiwk hs vi`hm `irds tba vi`hm jimds hra hpprixoehtamy 0

ee mikc ok tba kaw nirk okjhkt hkd criw ti hniut ? ti 80 ee

hkd 81 ti >6 ee ok hdumt jaehma hkd ehmas raspa`tovamy

(Pukdnarc, 8?23, p. :).

@brostokh Pbawamm (>66?), ok bar taxt Zio`a Sirg< Hrt hkd P`oak`a

ok @bhkcokc Zio`as dospmhys Ehtboasiks thnma ij tba vi`hm

jimds hkd biw tbay eiva (p. 8:2). Tba thnma os rapridu`ad

namiw)

Tba Twi Juk`toikhm Mhyars

Apotbamoue (tba iutar mhyar)7 ivarad ny eu`ius eaenrhka Tba @ivar

Tbos trhvams ivar tba vi`hm jimd nidy ok eu`ishm whvas. Tbasa

nacok ik tba ukdar surjh`a ij tba jimd, hkd trhvam up hkd ivar tba

tip ij tba nidy ij tba jimd, si ots eivaeakt os ok h

varto`hm doeaksoik.

Puparjo`ohm mhyar ij mheokh priproh< camhtokius (^aokgas sph`a).

Ptrikc vonrhtoiks ok pbikhtoik.

Oktareadohta mhyar ij mheokh priproh< amhsto` jonras.

Daap mhyar ij mheokh priproh< immhcakius jonrasTba Nidy

Tbos niuk`as okwhrds hkd iutwhrds ok h smocbtmy ammopto`hm phtb.Zi`hmos eus`ma< tba eoddma phrt ij tba tbyrihrytakiod eus`ma. Ot

`iktrims tba sbhpa hkd tika ij tba vi`hm jimd.

Thnma 8< Ehtboasik's Zi`hm Jimd Mhyars

Jocura :< Mhrykx Phcotthm Pa`toik

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Vhca 86

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Zi`hm Jimd Eivaeakt

Tba `iepmaxoty ij vi`hm jimd eivaeakt os wbht saphrhtas

ot jrie itbar ehk-ehda okstrueakts.

Tba ehkkar ok wbo`b tba siukd `ieeak`as(iksat< hsporhta/soeumthkaius/cmitthm), tba vonrhtiry

khtura (tbo`g/tbok jimd, mikc/sbirt, mikc pbhsa/sbirt

pbhsa at`.) hkd tba ramahsa (ijjsat) ij siukd hmm

`iktronuta ti ukoqua siukds kit ti eaktoik wbht

bhppaks ti tba siukd ik`a ot trhvams tbriucb tba vi`hm

trh`t voh tba rasikhtirs hkd hrto`umhtirs.

E`@iy (>664) das`ronas vi`hm jimd is`ommhtoik hs aocbt

staps h`riss h sokcma `y`ma ij vonrhtoik (p. 888)664, p. 886).

Jocura 3< Zi`hm Jimd Bostimicy

Jocura 2< Zi`hm Jimd Is`ommhtoik

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Vhca 88

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

_iur trua vi`hm jimds hra kaurhmmy `ikka`tad ti yiu no`aps. _iur jhmsa vi`hm jimds hra

kaurhmmy `ikka`tad ti yiur tro`aps eus`masTba karva phtbwhys mokgad ti tro`aps hkd

no`aps cat tba stiry hniut yiur dahtb-crop ik tba eoga sthkd hkd phss tbht `ikstro`tokc

taksoik diwk tba moka ti yiur trua hkd jhmsa vi`hm jimdsyiu tbokg yiur crhnnokc tbht

eoga ok irdar ti hdd phssoik hkd piwar ti yiur vio`a, hkd hmm ot rahmmy dias os ti rastro`t

tba rhkca ij yiur siukd ny jir`okc yiur vi`hm jimds ti `ikstro`t. (Somsik, >668, p. 1?)

0. Tba Zi`hm Trh`t< ^asikhtirs & Hrto`umhtirsIk`a tba siukd (bhvokc naak okotohtad ny tba is`ommhtoik ij tba vi`hm jimds) aktars tba vi`hm trh`t ot os

sbhpad hkd ehkopumhtad ny tba rasikhtirs hkd hrto`umhtirs. Phmmy-Hkka @bhmears (>66?) das`ronas tba

davamipeakthm phtbwhy ij tba vio`a wamm wbak sba wrotas

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Tba ^asikhtirs

Commyhkka Ghyas (>664) ok bar niig Pokcokc hkd tba H`tirkitas, Sbht vio`a trhokars hkd sokcars `hmm

rasikhk`a os h jire ij siukd jomtarokc. Ah`b phrt ij tba vi`hm trh`t (tba tuna ij tba mhrykx, tba kisa, tba

eiutb hkd tba pbhrykx) bhs ots iwk rasikhtokc jraquak`y(p. 886). Poepmy, tba rasikhtirs okjmuak`a tbasiukd hs ot trhvams tbriucb tba vi`hm trh`t, hkd tba rasumt ij tbasa okjmuak`as os `hmmad rasikhk`a.

Mats nroajmy survay ah`b ij tba rasikhtirs hmikc tba vi`hm trh`t (sbiwk okJocura ?, p. >7 hniva)66:n, p. 20).

Tba Vbhrykx< Tba bocbast mavam ij okjmuak`a ik tba siukd (hkd ots rasikhk`a) os axartad voh tbapbhrykx na`husa ij ots bocb dacraa ij ehmmahnomoty. Ijtak rajarrad ti hs tba tbriht, tba pbhrykx

`hk na spmot okti tbraa sa`toiks66:n)

axpmhok,

Poeomhrmy ti tba `bast hkd khshm `hvotoas tba sokusas hra tba sakshtoik trhps, kit rasikhtokc `bhenars.

Pokcars `hk usa tbasa sakshtoiks ti eikotir tba quhmoty ij tbaor sokcokc nut tbay eust raeaenar tbht

tbasa sakshtoiks hra kit tba `husa ij tbaor vi`hm quhmoty. (p. 22)

Ika `iumd hmsi shy tbht h rasikhtir rasikhtas ht `arthok jraquak`oas, ir tbht ot

pissassas rasikhk`as (jirehkts ok tba `hsa ij tba vi`hm trh`t) ht `arthok jraquak`oas.

Tbus, tba hnomoty ij tba vi`hm trh`t ti trhkseot siukd os crahtast ht tba jirehkt

jraquak`oas. Eist rasikhtirs pissass h kuenar ij rasikhk`a jraquak`oas. Ok tba vi`hm

trh`t tba jiur ir jova miwast jirehkts hra tba eist ramavhkt ikas. Tba twi miwast

jirehkts datareoka eist ij tba viwam `imiur7 hmm ij tbae hra ij craht sockojo`hk`a ti

vio`a toenra. (Pukdnarc, 8?23, p. 8>)

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Vhca 80

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Tba Hrto`umhtirs

Tba rasikhkt quhmoty ij tba siukd os axtraeamy oepirthkt ot os wbht ehgas tba siukd dasorhnma ti mostak

ti. Biwavar, rasikhk`a wotbiut hrto`umhtoik os ok`ieprabaksonma. Ot os hrto`umhtoik tbht hmmiws us ti

sbhpa tba rasikhk`a okti ukdarsthkdhnma phttarks jir spaa`b hkd mhkcuhca. Libhk Pukdnarc (8?23)dajokas hrto`umhtoik hs tba khea jir tba ehkiauvras ehda ok irdar ti hdlust tba sbhpa ij tba vi`hm

trh`t durokc pbikhtoik. Tbos os h`boavad ny eahks ij tba hrto`umhtirs< tba mops, tba tikcua, tba lhw, tba

vamue, hkd tba mhrykx(p. ?8).

Mats nroajmy survay ah`b ij tba hrto`umhtirs hmikc tba vi`hm trh`t (sbiwk okJocura ?, p. >7 hniva)66?88) hkd Khtoikhm Pa`rathry jir tba

Hustrhmohk Khtoikhm Hssi`ohtoik ij Tah`bars ij Pokcokc (>66:88). Dhkoam os tba prok`ophm Pokcokc Zio`a Ppa`ohmost jir Dlhrts

(www.dlhrts.`ie.hu) hkd prasakts wirgsbips ti sokcars h`riss Hustrhmoh hkd hnrihd. Ivar tba phst twi da`hdas, wboma

ehokthokokc bos iwk parjirehk`a `hraar, Dhkoam bhs okstru`tad tbiushkds ij vio`as. Tbos vhst axparoak`a akhnmas Dhkoam ti

ajjirtmassmy wirg wotb vio`as ij hmm sgomm mavams< nacokkars ti prijassoikhms.

http://www.djarts.com.au/http://www.djarts.com.au/http://www.djarts.com.au/http://www.djarts.com.au/

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Vhca 84

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

^ajarak`as

Hmmak, E. (>66?). Nidy ehppokc, gokastbasoh, hkd okm`usova hwhrakass. Ok E. Ehmda, E. Hmmak & G.-H.

\ammar (Ads.), Sbht avary sokcar kaads ti gkiw hniut tba nidy (pp. 8?). Phk Doaci, @H< Vmurhm

Vunmosbokc Ok`.

@bhmears, P.-H. (>66?, Lumy). Nrahtbokc jir sokcokc. Zio`aprokt, 01, 28>.

@bhpehk, L. M. (>66:). Pokcokc hkd tah`bokc sokcokc< H bimosto` hpprih`b ti `mhsso`hm vio`a. Phk Doaci, @H66:h). Vbikhtoik hkd tba spahgokc vio`a. Ok L. M. @bhpehk (Ad.), Pokcokc

hkd tah`bokc sokcokc< H bimosto` hpprih`b ti `mhsso`hm vio`a (pp. 1?26). Phk Doaci, @H< Vmurhm

Vunmosbokc Ok`.

@bhpehk, L. M., & Eirros, ^. (>66:n). ^asikhk`a. Ok L. M. @bhpehk (Ad.), Pokcokc hkd tah`bokc sokcokc< H

bimosto` hpprih`b ti `mhsso`hm vio`a (pp. 28?:). Phk Doaci, @H< Vmurhm Vunmosbokc Ok`.

Dhyea, E. N. (>66?). Dykheo`s ij tba sokcokc vio`a (1tb ad.). Hustroh< PprokcarSoakKaw_irg.

Ghyas, C. (>664). Pokcokc hkd tba h`tir(>kd ad.). Kaw _irg, K_< ^iutmadca.

Moanarehk, L., & @bhpehk, L. (8??2). Vistura hkd vio`a< Phjacuhrdokc `bomdrak's jutura sokcokc.

Ehstarsokcar, 06, >0.

E`@iy, P. (>664). _iur vio`a< Hk oksoda voaw(> ad.). Vrok`atik, KL< Oksoda Zoaw Vrass.

E`@iy, P. (>68>). Piea tbiucbts ik sokcokc hkd s`oak`a.Liurkhm ij Pokcokc, :2(1), 1>3106.

Eirros, ^., & @bhpehk, L. M. (>66:). Hrto`umhtoik. Ok L. M. @bhpehk (Ad.), Pokcokc hkd tah`bokc sokcokc< H

bimosto` hpprih`b ti `mhsso`hm vio`a (pp. ?38>2). Phk Doaci, @H< Vmurhm Vunmosbokc Ok`.

Kosnat, H. (>686). _iu whkt ea ti tbokg hniut wbht9!< H dos`ussoik hniut eitir sgomms hkd tba rima ij

httaktoikhm ji`us ok studoi vio`a tah`bokc. Ok P. D. Bhrrosik (Ad.), Varspa`tovas ik tah`bokc

sokcokc< Hustrhmohk vi`hm padhcicuas sokc tbaor stiroas (pp. 8688>8). Nrosnhka, XMD< Hustrhmohk

H`hdaeo` Vrass.

Pbawamm, @. (>66?). Zio`a wirg< Hrt hkd s`oak`a ok `bhkcokc vio`as. Sast Pussax, Qkotad Gokcdie< Somay-

Nmh`gwamm.

Pukdnarc, L. (8?23). Tba s`oak`a ij tba sokcokc vio`a. Daghmd, OM< Kirtbark Ommokios Qkovarsoty Vrass.

Tburehk, M., Vryir, H., Tbaoear, H., Crajsbaoe, A., Jaot, V., & Sam`b, C. (>666). Tba eist jukdheakthm

vio`a sgomm. Ok M. Tburehk & C. Sam`b (Ads.), Nidyeokd hkd vio`a< Jiukdhtoiks ij vio`a adu`htoik

(Zim. >, pp. 0>:002). Pt. Libk's Qkovarsoty, EO< Tba Zio`a@hra Katwirg.

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Zio`a< Hrt & P`oak`a (Dlhrts Ehkuhms)

Vhca 81

Zio`a Hkhtiey 868

>680 Dr Dhkoam G. ^inoksik

Tburehk, M., Sam`b, C., Tbaoear, H., Jaot, V., & Crajsbaoe, A. (>666). Sbht yiur mhrykx os ehda ij. Ok M.

Tburehk & C. Sam`b (Ads.), Nidyeokd hkd vio`a< Jiukdhtoiks ij vio`a adu`htoik (Zim. >, pp.

01:0::). Pt. Libk's Qkovarsoty, EO< Tba Zio`a@hra Katwirg.

Somsik, V. (>668). Tba sokcokc vio`a< hk iwkars ehkuhm (>kd ad.). Ptrhwnarry Bomms KPS, Hustrhmoh