vocabulary russian

8/13/2019 Vocabulary Russian

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RussianVocabulary Course

Natasha Bershadski

www.michelthomas.co.uk


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To find out more, please get in touch with usFor general enquiries and for information about the Michel Thomas Method:

Call: 020 7873 6354 Fax: 020 7873 6325Email: [email protected] place an order:Call: 01235 400414 Fax: 01235 400454 Email: [email protected] can write to us at:Hodder Education, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BHVisit our forum at:www.michelthomas.co.uk

Unauthorized copying of this booklet or the accompanying audio material is prohibited,and may amount to a criminal offence punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment.

First published in UK 2009 by Hodder Education, part of Hachette UK, 338 Euston Road,London NW1 3BH.Copyright 2009. In the methodology, Thomas Keymaster Languages LLC, all rights reserved.

In the content, Natasha Bershadski.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrievalsystem, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the CopyrightLicensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may beobtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, LondonEC1N 8TS, UK.

Cover image Photodisc/Stockbyte/Photo libraryTypeset by Transet Limited, Coventry, England.Printed in Great Britain for Hodder Education, an Hachette UK company, 338 Euston Road,London NW1 3BH.Impression 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Year 2012 2011 2010 2009ISBN 978 0340 98324 9

Succeed with the

and learn another language the way you learnt your own

Developed over 50 years, the amazing teaching method of the worldsgreatest language teacher completely takes the strain out of languagelearning. Michel Thomas all-audio courses provide an accelerated methodfor learning that is truly revolutionary.


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Contents

Introduction 3

User guide 11

Track listing 11

Reference 48

Word families 56

EnglishRussian glossary 59

The Russian alphabet 72

Introduction !Welcome!Welcome, to those of you who havecompleted the Michel Thomas Method Russian courses by NatashaBershadski and to those of you who are about to experience a uniquely excitingway to learn and improve your Russian!

My name is Rose Lee Hayden, and I had the distinct privilege of working

closely with Michel Thomas for several decades, in particular, teaching whathe referred to as his second phase language courses. This second phasebuilt upon the structural knowledge of the language that Michel Thomas sobrilliantly provided in his foundation courses. As Michel Thomas himselfoften said, I built the house, but it is up to you to decorate it!

And decorate it we shall in this Michel Thomas Method: RussianVocabulary Course that reinforces and expands on what you have alreadylearned having completed the Michel Thomas Method Russian courses.And for those of you who have not done these courses, I urge you to do so.You will be surprised at how painlessly they will teach or reinforce yourRussian and will introduce you to a unique method of language learning.


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4 At the outset, let me stress what this course does not attempt to do andhow it may differ a little from your previous experiences with the MichelThomas Method Russian courses. First, this course does not and cannotre-teach the original courses, but rather builds directly on them. Therefore,

you may wish to review and keep reviewing your Michel Thomas MethodRussian courses to re-familiarize yourself with structural items and basicvocabulary previously introduced by Natasha Bershadski.

Second, it is important to state that learning vocabulary is not the same aslearning structure, even though this course teaches vocabulary the MichelThomas way. You may find it helpful to review course content morefrequently. But let me reassure you that this more frequent review is noreflection on your ability, but rather relates to the fact that you have moved

on to another level of instruction with vocabulary acquisition as its basicgoal. Throughout his second phase instruction, Michel Thomas frequentlyasked his students to review and reinforce the basics before moving on.Because his methodology is cumulative, you must never rush ahead. Eachbuilding block in some way relates to previous content and uses it in acarefully constructed way.

Third, those of you who expect drills of each and every word in a category family members, days of the week, and so on dont! Michel Thomasactively discouraged memorization, rote learning, writing out lists and anyand all related activities of this type. He knew that we do not learn this way,and that the stress generated by these means actually impedes learning.

And while we would have liked to have been able to include more words ina category, space on audio recordings is limited, and we had to make hardchoices with respect to what we could and could not include on therecording, and so we have included many bonus words only in this UserGuide. We did not want to waste valuable learning time at the expense ofintroducing more strategic content designed to help you create words,structures and habits of learning on your own.

I dedicate this course to the memory of Michel Thomas and to all of youwho have chosen to build your Russian vocabulary the Michel Thomas way.

Dr Rose Lee HaydenSeries Editor


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5Who was Michel Thomas? Michel Thomas was head of the MichelThomas Language Centers and taughtlanguages for over 50 years, primarily inNew York, Beverly Hills and London untilhis recent death, aged 90. A graduate of theDepartment of Philology at the University ofBordeaux and student of psychology at theSorbonne, his harrowing wartimeexperiences escaping Hitler and fightingwith the French Resistance made masteringlanguages a matter of survival for MichelThomas.

Michel Thomas dedicated his long professional life to probing the learningprocess. He focused on the teaching and learning of foreign languages as aperfect test case for his revolutionary learning system, one that made himthe worlds foremost language teacher to the celebrities, diplomats,corporate executives as well as others seeking to acquire or enhance theirproficiency in another language.

What is the Michel Thomas Method?The Michel Thomas Method is unlike anything you have ever experienced,especially when you compare it with how languages are traditionally taughtin schools or universities. It produces startling results within a remarkably

short period of time, all without the need for books, drills, memorizing, orhomework. Michel Thomas believed that anyone can learn anotherlanguage having learned their own, and he developed his uniquemethodology that proved this to be true for many thousands of students.

Learning a language the Michel Thomas way builds proficiency, self-confidence and engages you right from the start. The Michel ThomasMethod breaks a language down to its component parts and presents thesestructures in carefully planned sets of exercises that enable you toreconstruct the language yourself, to form your own sentences that say what

you want, when you want. Almost without you realizing it, you will retainand apply what you have learned and will be motivated to learn more.


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6 Without the stress of memorization, note taking and homework, you canrelax and let language learning take place as nature intended.

But you have to experience the Michel Thomas Method to believe it. Withinhours you will be creating sophisticated sentences in a wide variety ofsituations, as those of you know who have completed the Michel Thomaslanguage courses. These courses provided you with functional proficiencyin your chosen language and are the foundation upon which this MichelThomas Method: Vocabulary Course series builds, phrase by phrase,the Michel Thomas way.

How did we come to develop this Michel Thomas Method:Vocabulary Course series?

With nearly 1 million copies of Michel Thomas language courses sold inthe UK alone, and with thousands of enthusiasts who never thought theycould ever learn another language wanting more Michel, we at HodderEducation are particularly pleased to offer this new course series thatpreserves and extends the language teaching legacy of The LanguageMaster, Michel Thomas. Working with us right up to the moment of hisdeath aged 90, Michel Thomas was in the process of creating a series ofvocabulary courses building on his very successful language courses.Reflecting his prior input, this series is the product of a new team of authorsand presenters who have either taught for Michel Thomas, or have utilizedhis methodology in their own classrooms and professional courses.

With this series we hope to provide what Michel Thomas and his ever-

expanding number of students would expect of us, both as educationalpublishers and professionals who love languages, teaching them andlearning them. We dedicate this series and others that we will be developingfor schools, businesses and individuals from all walks of life to our much-esteemed and beloved Language Master, Michel Thomas.

Who is thisMichel Thomas Method: Russian Vocabulary Course for?

People who have already learned Russian with Michel ThomasThis Michel Thomas Method: Russian Vocabulary Course does justwhat its name suggests: builds on the content Natasha Bershadski presentedin the Michel Thomas Method Russian Foundation and Advanced


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7Courses. This course covers over 900 words and everyday phrases withinthe context of essential building blocks already presented by NatashaBershadski. You can both reinforce what you have already learned from

your Michel Thomas Method Russian courses and substantially increaseyour Russian vocabulary the Michel Thomas way.

People who have learned Russian using other methodsYou may have learned Russian before and want to brush up on it for aholiday or business trip. Perhaps you are looking for a new approach tohelp you with revision or to re-motivate you to dust off your Russian andimprove your proficiency. Either way, the Michel Thomas Method:Russian Vocabulary Course will introduce you to a unique way ofacquiring language proficiency that will provide dozens of helpful ways to

build on what you already know. You will be able to increase yourvocabulary exponentially, will learn or review over 900 words and everydayexpressions, and will significantly boost your confidence in your ability tospeak, listen to, read and understand Russian.

You may find that it takes a while to get used to the Michel Thomas way ofteaching. It is innovative and quite unlike any other method you will havecome across. But once you have experienced the excitement of painlesslearning the Michel Thomas way, you will be hooked!

What does this pack contain?The pack comprises over five hours of recorded material on CD, plus thisUser Guide that contains all the concepts, words and phrases presented in

the course. In these recordings, Natasha Bershadski will introduce conceptsthat you will be learning, one by one, and will present helpful hints andhandy tools that you can then use to create your own phrases and increase

your Russian proficiency.

How are the recordings best used? Relax! Make yourself comfortable before playing the recordings and try

to let go of the tensions and anxieties traditionally associated withlanguage learning.

Do not write or take any notes. Remove notebooks, pens,dictionaries and anything else associated with traditional, school-basedlanguage learning.


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8 Do not try to remember.While participating in the recording andafterwards, it is important that you do not try to memorize specific wordsor expressions. It is a basic principle of the Michel Thomas Method that theresponsibility for the students learning lies with the teacher. Your learningis based on understanding, and what you understand you dont forget.

Interact fully with the recordings. Use the pause button andrespond out loud (or in a whisper, or in your head if you are in a publicplace) before hearing the correct response. This is essential. You do notlearn by repetition but by thinking out the answers to each question; it isby your own thought process that you truly learn and retain structureand vocabulary.

Give yourself time to think. You have all the time you need to thinkthrough your response. Your pause button is the key toyour learning! Besure to use it. We have inserted standard-length pauses for yourresponses so as not to waste valuable recording time with long silences.

Start at the beginning of the course.Whatever your existing knowledgeof Russian, it is important that you follow the way the Michel ThomasMethod builds up your knowledge of the language. The methodology iscumulative and recursive so you must not rush ahead before you feelcomfortable that you have mastered a concept, phrase or word. Thisvocabulary course also encourages you to take additional time to createsimilar examples of your own to reinforce what is being presented.

Do not get annoyed with yourself if you make a mistake.Mistakes are part of the learning process; as long as you understand why

you made the mistake and you have the aha reaction Yes, of course,

I understand now you are doing just fine. If you made a mistake andyou do not understand why, you may have been daydreaming for a fewseconds. As noted, the course is structured so that you cannot go onunless you fully understand everything. So just go back a little and pickup where you left off.

Stop the recording whenever it suits you. Breaks in the CDrecordings reflect the numbering and content listings in this User Guide.This will help you locate items you wish to review and will enable you tolocate where you left off and where you wish to begin once again.


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9What can I expect to achieve?The Michel Thomas Method Russian courses provided you with apractical and functional use of the spoken language. Using the MichelThomas Method, this Russian Vocabulary Course introduces everydayconversational language that will improve your communication skills in awide variety of situations, empowered by the ability to create your ownsentences and use the language naturally. With this additional practice andreview, plus over 900 words covered and the tools to create hundredsmore, your proficiency in Russian will be reinforced and strengthened as will

your self-confidence and desire to use your newly acquired Russian.

How can I go on to improve further?Obviously, nothing compares with first-hand contact with native Russian

speakers. And while you may not think that this is possible for you, thinkagain. There are most likely many Russian speakers, Russian language clubsand associations in your local area. You need not go to Moscow to findthem. A simple advert in the local newspaper or on a relevant websiteoffering to exchange English for Russian instruction may locate someone

you will enjoy knowing and practising with but do think about your ownsafety before giving away any personal details. As Michel Thomas noted, welearn a lot more about our own language when we learn another.

Michel Thomas also recommended a little daily practice 1015 minutes and knew that this was worth more than several hours of cramming after aperiod of time has gone by. We therefore encourage you to start reading,

especially newspaper and magazine interviews that reflect Russian as it isactually being spoken rather than textbook versions of the language. You canalso keep up and extend your language by reading items in subject areas ofpersonal interest to you, or you can buy a Russian translation of yourfavourite mystery writer. Michel Thomas knew and told you that the more youread, the more things will fall into place. And as he warned, fight thattemptation to use your dictionary first and think last. You will be glad you did.

One last suggestion here. For really authentic practice, try to listen toRussian radio and television programmes that you may be able to receive if

you live in a city or have satellite TV options. Relax and listen for gist, notword by word. You can do it! And little by little you will understand what is


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10 being said. We know that you will find it both rewarding and exciting topractise your ever-improving Russian!

What do Michel Thomas students have to say?Academy award winning director and actress, Emma Thompson (asquoted in The Guardian):

The excitement of learning something new was overwhelming.Michel not only taught me Spanish, he opened my eyes to thepossibilities of a completely different kind of learning. Michel takesthe burden off the student and upon himself Learning Spanish withMichel was the most extraordinary learning experience of my life it was unforgettable.

Irish dance and music sensation, Michael Flatley (as quoted in TheLinguist):

He [Michel Thomas] was a genius a born teacher and thinker.

Customer feedback on the Michel Thomas MethodI am writing to congratulate you on the highly original and successfullanguage courses by Michel Thomas; I am currently working onGerman and French, while my daughter, at my suggestion, hasbought the Italian course.

R. Harris

I have now finished the eight cassette Italian course and would like to

say how pleased I am with it. I am a scientist, with all my neurons inthe side of my brain that deals with understanding, and next to noneon the side that deals with memory. This has meant my ability toretain vocabulary and learn a language has been about as bad as itcomes. Against all odds, the Michel Thomas course has left me with areal sense of achievement, and a tremendous basis for furtherprogress in learning Italian.

T. A. Whittingham

He doesnt put words in your mouth, he makes you work out thewords to say yourself.

Angie Harper


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User guideThe user guide comprises the following sections:

A track listing in which are printed all the new words and structures as theyare heard for the first time. In addition, extra sentences are given: these arenot on the recording, but allow you to practise the new structures and wordsin slightly different contexts. These are presented in columns so that you canwork out the Russian for yourself. New words in these extra sentences arelisted in the glossary.

In the reference section you will find more examples of structures, withpractice sentences.

The word families section will help you find your way around the Russianlanguage, allowing you to work out the meanings and forms of new words asyou hear, read and need to say them.

The glossary lists all the words that appear in the track listing.

The Russian alphabet, with a pronunciation guide, is given at the end of theuser guide.

* denotes words that are not on the recording. In the track listing, these arenoted only the first time that they appear.

Stress in words of more than one syllable is shown by underlining: in the tracklisting, on words that are not on the recording; in the days of the week andmonths of the year, numerals and word families sections and in theglossary, on all words.

Track listing

CD 1 Track 1

Introduction to the course and to the Michel Thomas Method.

Russian and English share a common ancestor: = brother; =sister; = I; = you (singular, informal); = my (masc.); = two; = three.

= one. Some words have come into Russian from German: =sandwich; = resort; = accountant, and others from French: = theatre; = floor, storey; = toilet; = shower;


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12 = fashion; = furniture. The majority of foreign words in Russianare from English: = sport; = politics; =parliament; = business; = supermarket; =image; = PR; - = website; = student; =businessman.

Some Russian words have been borrowed by English, too: =samovar; = grandmother; = satellite, travel companion.

The names Putin and Medvedev are derived from ordinary Russian words: = way; = lets go; = bear.

= dacha, summer house comes from = to give; = the Dumais from = to think.

CD 1 Track 2Many Russian words are logically built up from a root with added prefixes and / orsuffixes. - is a prefix that is often equivalent to the English re- in verbs: = to change ones mind, rethink; = to redo, do again; = to pass, transmit. The prefix also appears on nouns: =programme. = to build, construct; = to rebuild,reconstruct; = building site; = reconstruction, perestroika.

- is a common suffix: = a sleigh pulled by three horses comes from = three.

= glory; = word; () = I havelearnt a new Russian word.

Neuter nouns end in -a in the plural, and the stress often shifts to the ending: = thing; ? = how are things?; = Russian words.

= phrases; = soonwe are going to build Russian words and phrases.

= dictionary; = calendar; ? = haveyou (informal) got a dictionary?; - = where can one buy a good EnglishRussian dictionary?

Everybody knows the Russian words glasnost and perestroika. .

Could you tell me (tell me), please, , , where you bought this dictionary? ?


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14 mum is an accountant. The endings of feminine nouns change in the whom orwhat situation: = I love mum and dad.

I know his dad well, his name is , Andrei and he is a good accountant. , .Everybody knows his name and ,surname because he is our .colleague.My son and daughter very much love (their) grandparents .(grandmother and *grandfather).My *parents are still working (still work). .

CD 1 Track 5

= friend; = female friend; = friends. = different, other; = a different way; ,, = could you please show me another book?; = thats another matter, thats different, thats better.

= all my friends and colleagues will bethere.

The plural of = wine ends in stressed -a: = wines. The plural ofsome short masculine nouns ends in stressed -a, too: = houses (whenthe stress is on the first syllable, this means at home).

The concrete form of = to build is : = here (they) will soon build new houses, new houses will be built

here soon.I have good friends here. They are () .all students. .A new supermarket is being built here. .There is a *saying: Tell (informal) me : , who is *your (informal) friend, and , , .I will tell you who you (informal) are.

CD 1 Track 6

A few two-syllable masculine nouns have a plural ending in stressed -a: = passports; = numbers, hotel rooms.


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15 = town; = towns; = I want to see (concrete form) the Russian towns (of) Novgorod andVolgograd.

= too, also, either; = me, too or I, too; = Ithink so too; , = I dont know either where wewill go (by vehicle).

means to or in in Russian, according to different noun endings: = we will go to Moscow. This answers the question ? = where to?The ending after when it means in (the location situation) is usually -e: = in the town of Novgorod. This answers the question ? =where. Since this describes location, it is known as the locative case, oralternatively the prepositional case, since it only ever follows a preposition.

Feminine nouns change the -a to an -e in the location situation: =in Moscow.

In the city there are parks and .*boulevards.Tomorrow we are going (will go) () to Petersburg. .In Petersburg we will go to the Hermitage. .In Moscow the *transport works well.

.Is there furniture in the *room? ?

CD 1 Track 7

= in, to: ; = I am going toMoscow; I will be working in Moscow; = in London; = toLondon.

= bank; = jar, tin; = in a bank orin a jar.

? = is there a shower in the room?; ? = is there air conditioning in the bus?; = they (have) made progress in work.

= shop; ? = what did you buy in theshop?; = I need to go to theshop to buy tea and coffee.


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16 Please dont smoke in the room. , , .You can smoke on the *balcony. .Are there Russian restaurants in ?London? Of course there are. , .Time is *money. .He is a *millionaire; he has a lot of , (big) money in the bank. .Not everything can be bought .*for money.

CD 1 Track 8

= to live: = flat; ? = doyou live in a flat or in a house?

uses (= literally on): = they live at thedacha now; = in May they will go to the dacha( = May; = in May). Other words which take are: a =work; = Neva (and other rivers); = market; = tomorrow we are not going to work; =everybody is at work now; = Petersburg is a cityon the Neva; = one can buy all thefood in the market (the o of is dropped) ( = food(stuffs),products).

Who are these *people and what are they doing here? They live here. ? .Chekhov lived in Yalta.. Yalta is a . ()

*resort town. .Now I have a big family and we live , in a house and not in a flat. , .The city (of) Volgograd is on the Volga. .They *buy (general verb) all the food in the market. .

CD 1 Track 9

= kitchen, cuisine: = in the kitchen (literally, on the kitchen); = Russian national cuisine.

= street; = in the street, outside; = in Moscow youre not allowed to drink beer in the street.


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17 = about takes the location situation endings: = about the house, abouthome; o , =he now lives far away but he thinks about (his) home and family all the time.

o = what; o ? = about what?; ? = in what?; ? =whats the problem (literally, in what is the problem); ? = whats thematter?

= house, home: = at home; = to home (direction); =in the house.

= by bus, on the bus; = car; = by car; = train; = by train.

When you want to say come or go when talking about public transport, youuse the walking verb: = the train is coming / going.

At home we think about work and at , work we think about home. .Russians like to drink tea in the kitchen. .I am not in a rush. Let us go not by . tube, but by bus. , .Could you please tell me, is this , , bus going into town? ?All people want to live in *peace. .All people in the *world want to live well. .There was an interesting *discussion about the *crisis in the economy. .

CD 1 Track 10The suffix - turns masculine nouns denoting people into feminine ones: = (male) student; = (female) student; =sportsman; = sportswoman. = route; =minibus (short for = (literally) routed taxi. = trip; = tomorrow we will havea trip to Novgorod. = t-shirt; = girl. Use this word whenaddressing female shop assistants, waitresses etc: , , e = Miss, could you show me this t-shirt, please?

Feminine nouns ending in - have the ending - in the location situation: = Russia; = in Russia; = in Britain; = in Germany.


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18 = constitution; = company; =presentation; o = they work in thecompany Gazprom; ? = were you at thepresentation, too?

The same - ending (location situation) is used after o = about for femininenouns ending in -: = I am now reading abook about Russia.

Where is this minibus going? ?In Russia (they like) *both the theatre , .and the cinema.I (have) read an interesting book () about the revolution in Russia. .

On the photo are my family and my friends at the dacha. .

My name is , I am an American , businessman; here is my , .*business card.Excuse me, have you got a , ?*theatre programme?

CD 1 Track 11

Nouns ending in a soft sign can be either masculine or feminine (most arefeminine). Masculine nouns ending in a soft sign include = dictionaryand = Kremlin. In the location situation their ending changes from softsign to -e: = in the dictionary; = in the Kremlin. Feminine

soft-sign-ending nouns in the location situation change the soft sign to -: = square, = Siberia: = in / on the square; = in Siberia; = we would like to findout everything about Siberia.

= way in the location situation ends in -: = on the way; = the train is still on its way; = travelling time.

When saying to where you are going, feminine nouns ending in - change to-: = to Russia. But feminine nouns ending in a soft sign do notchange at all in the to where situation: = I want to goto Siberia.


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21I have been to (= was in) Chekhovs () House in Yalta and saw his room. .You cannot (= it is not permitted) to *park the car in the centre of .the city.One can buy tickets in the airport *ticket office. .

CD 2 Track 2

= Lenin Square; = Chekhov Street; = in Chekhov Street.

The opposite of = there is, there are is = there is not, there arent(any), which is followed by the of ending (genitive):

= there is no toilet and shower in the room (literally, there is no of toiletand of shower). = television; = petrol; = there is a car there is no petrol.

= I havent got a computer. , = the director is not in now, but he will soon arrive (literally, hesoon will be).

= entry; = no entry; = exit; = no exit. The as in (= I have) also means by and is followed by the of ending(genitive); = by the entrance; = by the exit; = Ill be waiting for you by the entrance to the metro.

= the president has; () = the

president has a dacha in Sochi; = the presidents dacha.Could you please tell me where (), , Yeltsin street is? .If you had a map of *Yekaterinburg, I would show / have shown you , ()this street. .Why isnt there a television in the ?hotel room?I cannot work from home (= at home) , because I have no computer. .I waited for you at the entrance to the , metro and you were at the exit. .


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22 If it were not for the snow, we could , have parked the car by the entrance. .There is no air conditioning in the , car, but there is a *CD player. CD-.There is no balcony, but there is a , .*garage in the house.We have been working *together for a long time and we understand .*each other well.

CD 2 Track 3

The feminine endings -a or - become - or - in the of situation: = Marinas mandarins; = Marina has

mandarins; = the mayor of Moscow; = thedirector of the firm ( = firm).

= we have water; = we have no water; = he doesnt have a family; ; = Tom has no house; Ira has no flat; =we dont have the information yet, we still dont have the information.

= revolution; = Revolution Square; = excursion; , = tomorrow there will be no excursion, because there is no bus.

= the president of Russia is now inAmerica; = the Americanpresident is now in Russia: the in a place ending (locative) and the of ending

(genitive) are the same for feminine nouns ending in -.They have an old dacha: there is , ,*neither gas nor shower there. .I cannot go there: it is far away, : ,and I dont have a car. .The Revolution Square metro station is in the centre of Moscow. .I dont have a map of Moscow. .We have neither a map of Moscow nor , the metro plan (= plan of the metro). .The firm has a good *reputation. .


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23There is an opera and ballet theatre .(= theatre of opera and ballet) inthe city.

CD 2 Track 4

The in a place (locative) and of (genitive) endings are also the same forfeminine soft-sign-ending nouns: = the cities of Siberia; , = its impossible to live inthe flat because there is no furniture there.

= from, out of is followed by the of situation (genitive): =from Petersburg; advert from a newspaper ( =advert); = greetings from Russia.

We have students from Britain () and America. .We will go from Moscow to Petersburg by train. .Where shall we go *after (followed / by of situation) breakfast? ?

CD 2 Track 5

= hotel; , = there is a bar,but no restaurant, in the hotel; / = we will go (on foot / by transport) on an excursion to theKremlin from the hotel ( = on, to is used with activities, such as excursions).

= guest, visitor; = to see / visit friends (literally, to / into guests); = tomorrow we are going to visit friends.

= children; = school; , o = the children are already big, they will soon go to school; , = all children like the zoo, but not alllike school ( = zoo).

We now have visitors from New York. -.The hotel is not *far from the city centre and the airport. .I have parked the car not far from () the hotel. .


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25I am an *optimist and think that soon , all people will live in peace *with each other. .

CD 2 Track 7

The preposition = without is also followed by the of endings (genitive): = entry without luggage; = without me; = its impossible to live without water; = without opposition there is no democracy ( =opposition; = democracy); = without work.

can also be used as a prefix before adjectives: =unemployed, an unemployed person; = (the) unemployed(plural); = homeless, a homeless person; =

hopeless (literally, without exit); = hopeless situation.Its not allowed (not possible) to / *enter the train without a ticket. .He has long been out of (= without) , work; but the situation is not hopeless. .One can find out all about the work of Parliament from the newspaper. .Both in London and in Moscow there , M are unemployed and homeless (people). .

CD 2 Track 8

? = with what?; c () ,

? = what will you have tea with, with milk or lemon? ( =lemon); ? = with whom?; c ? = who were youin the restaurant with?; = with me (the extra o is to make it easier topronounce); = with you.

The together with (instrumental) ending for feminine nouns ending in -a is -: = with a (female) friend; = with (my) sister; = my sister and I (literally, we with sister).

= with (my) brother; = with him. = with them; =with her; ( / ) = we are friends with them (withhim / with her).


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26 The together with (instrumental) form of soft-sign-ending feminine nouns is -: = with furniture; = from Russia with love( = love).

The children live with the grandparents at the dacha and not with (their) , .parents in the city.One cannot buy love for money. .I like the music from the film ( From Russia with Love. It is very ) *beautiful. . .My friend and I are going to see , ()friends (to guests). Will you come ?with us?

CD 2 Track 9

= bread; = meat; = rice; = salad; c , ? = what will you have meat with, rice or salad?; c = with meat. = fish; = chicken; = pizza; = fish sandwich (literally, sandwich with fish); =beetroot salad.

= diet; = on a diet; = cake; , = I am on a diet, I wont eat the cake.

The verb = to eat is irregular: , = I donteat meat, but I like fish. : , = Communists used to say who doesnt work, doesnt eat (literally, that one

doesnt eat); , = Russians eat soup with bread, but in England they usually eat soupwithout bread ( = England).

What would you like (your) sandwich ( )with, with *sausage (salami) or *cheese? , () ?I dont eat cheese: I am allergic (by me : allergy) to cheese. I want a sandwich . .with *caviar.I have changed my mind: I will (): have meat not with rice, but with , .*pasta.


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27What do you usually eat for breakfast? ?When I am in a rush I dont eat anything. , .My friend doesnt eat meat / ,he / she is a *vegetarian. / .

CD 2 Track 10

= a lot, much; = a lot of bread; = a lot ofwater; = a lot of luggage; = not much, a little; () = I am a little tired.

= dinner, lunch; = for dinner. = breakfast; / = to have breakfast; / = to have lunch; = I usually have lunch with colleaguesat work.

= to drink: = I dont drink vodka; = juice; = mineral water.

= toast; ! = to you!; ! = to your family!; ! = to our meeting!; is also the future verb, meaning I willmeet; = I will meet you at the station.

Let us have a drink to (our) meeting! !To you (formal), to your family and , to our meeting in Moscow! !I cant go home, I still have a , lot of work. .We still have a lot *of time. () .

So much work, so *little time. , !In the *rush hour there are a lot .*of people in the transport.After lunch children sleep. .He has a lot *of money in the bank. .I am tired and want to *sleep. () .

CD 2 Track 11

= tasty; = Russian bread is delicious;, = thank you, its delicious; = taste; = she has good taste; = tasteless (literally,without tasty).


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28 = piece; = piece of pizza; = piece of cake. = starter; = as a starter.

= self, oneself; = he himself; = she herself; =they themselves; () = I will do everything myself; , () = thank you, I will do it myself. = samovar (literally, self-boiler); = home-made vodka; = plane; ?= when is your flight? (literally, plane); = self-made, home-made.

I am *learning (studying) Russian () .myself.We will meet you ourselves. .I like cooking (= to cook). When we . ,have visitors I myself buy everything ()

and prepare a tasty dinner. .*School breakfasts are not very tasty. .

Give me, please, a big piece of pizza: , , I am very *hungry. :

() / .My son eats a lot of meat, , he is hungry all the time. .I cannot sleep on the plane. .

CD 2 Track 12

The ending of the number = one changes according to the following noun: = one journal; = one book; = one

minute; = one word. ... = one thing ... another thing; = one more, another one (literally, yet one); e , = one more piece, please. Use this if you want more of the same,but if you want something different, say = giveme a different piece, please. = one more thing. also meansalone, on ones own; () = I am alone; ()? =do you live alone?

Can I have another piece of cake? ?It is delicious. .I dont like this T-shirt very much. Could you show me a different one, please. . ,

, .


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29*Many Russian business people want to live in London. .They say he has bought another , football club. .

CD 3 Track 1

, ... = while we are alone here,tell me please ... also has a who or what form (accusative) in thefeminine: = give me this book; o ! / o! = one moment, just a minute. Here, the who or what form is usedbecause there is a verb implied (e.g. wait a moment, or give me a moment). can also mean some people: ... ... = some people ... others...; , = some people like to cook,

others like to eat. ? = what else?; ? = who else?; ? = where else?(direction, i.e. to where else?); ? = where else? (location, literally, inwhere else).

= four. The numbers 2, 3 and 4 are followed by a noun in the ofsituation (genitive case): = I have already been waitingfor four hours; = The Three Sisters by Chekhov (literally,of Chekhov).

The feminine form of the number 2 is ; feminine nouns following it also takethe of ending (genitive): = two sisters; = two minutes.

I have two brothers and one sister. .

And he / she has two sisters and / one brother. .There are two rooms and a big kitchen in the flat. .What else would you like to know ?(find out)?

CD 3 Track 2

= truth; said with a rising intonation ?, it means really?; = lie, untruth; , = maybe they aretelling the truth; ! = I dont believe this, thats not possible(literally, not maybe).


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30 = right: = he is right; = she is right; , = you are right, we can do it ourselves. = in principle you are right ( = principle). , = time will tell (show) who was right.

= the right, law; (plural) = rights, driving licence: = we have rights; ? = have you got a driving licence?; = here is my driving licence.

= on / to the right; = on / to the left; = right, right-wing; = left, left-wing; = right-wing party; = left-wing newspaper.

In principle there is everything. . Where is this principle? (a *joke) ? ()

In Russia there are both left-wing , and right-wing parties. .Of course I have a driving licence, , , but I forgot it (them) at home. () .Is it true that the children have built , this car themselves? ?I dont believe this! !If you go to the right you will see a , big square, if you go to the left you , will see a *church and *straight , ahead is the *central railway station. ,

.

CD 3 Track 3 = they say (i.e. people in general); =they say there will be snow tomorrow; , , = asthey say, what will be, will be (literally, what will be, that will be). = itis said; this reflexive form of the verb is a synonym of = they say.

= hour; = often: , = they oftensay that business is a risk. (plural) = watch, clock: / = my / your watch is fast (literally, are in a rush).

= early; , ? = its still early, why areyou in such a rush? = late; = sooner or later


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31(literally, early or late); = sooner or later wewill find out everything.

= supper, evening meal; = to have supper; , , = usually wehave breakfast at home, dinner at work and supper in the restaurant.

As Russians often say, whats past is , past. (what was, that was). , .They had a lot of beer and they drank a lot. .Sooner or later there will be democracy in Russia as well, and there will be no corruption. .

Sooner or later there will be no terrorism or extremism in the world. .Businessmen like to take risks (= to *risk). .

CD 3 Track 4

= difficult: = difficult project; =difficult work / job; = difficult word; = difficultwords; = difficult to walk; = difficult to say; , () = it is difficult for me (literally, tome difficult) to walk quickly because I am tired; = if youdont mind, if its not too much trouble (literally, if to you not difficult). =labour; = labour minister (literally, the minister of labour). = with difficulty / effort, hardly; = I hardly

understand him. = without difficulty, effortlessly; =workaholic; = productive; = effective. , = workaholics work very much, but often they workunproductively and ineffectively.

Most adjectives that have been borrowed from English have the ending -: = national; = active; = passive; = sporty; = popular; = intensive; = national hero.

Some words borrowed from English acquire a different meaning in Russian: = pressing, urgent:


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32 = extremism and nationalism are very pressingproblems now. = normally; = now the telephone is working normally. But when the English normallymeans usually, use = usually, habitually in Russian: = normally, we have dinner at home.

= today; , =today we are not going anywhere because the children are tired (literally, we areto nowhere not going).

= intensive programme; = museum.

Working (= to work) with children is ,interesting but difficult. .In the newspaper there is a lot of

information about the labour market .(= market of labour).If you dont mind, (could you) book , me a taxi, please. , .Its a shame that I am working late , today and cannot go to the theatre with you. .

CD 3 Track 5

= nobody knows anything. = when; =never; () = I have never been to the Kremlin(literally, in the Kremlin).

() = I could have done this, I could do this. = to want; = I would like to go toAmerica. The use of the particle , which has no meaning of its own, makesthe sentence hypothetical (subjunctive).

= bad; = badly; = theair conditioning in the car is not working well (literally, working badly). = I feel bad / ill / poorly (literally, to me badly / poorly); ? = are you ill/ poorly?

(masc.) = day: = today is a nice day; = all day; a (a) = I was in the officeall day and am very tired. = kind, good: ! = good day!


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33 = morning; ! = good morning!; = evening; ! = good evening!; = all morning and all evening. () = day off; () = today we are not working we have a day off.

I will never forget this interesting trip to Siberia by train. .I have never been to Siberia and would also very much like to go there. () .They say its very beautiful and , interesting there. .I dont understand anything in politics. .Lets talk about music and literature.

.

When I have a day off I sleep , all morning. .*All the information and all the documents are already in the office. .How can one book an *entry ticket to the club? ?

CD 3 Track 6

! = welcome!; (or ) = a pity; ()! = its a great pity (literally, very pity); ()! = what ashame (literally, how pity); , ... = I am very sorry, but (literally, to me is pity).

= in the morning; = in the evening. = in the afternoon, inthe daytime (from = day); = this morning (literally, todayin the morning); ? = what are you doingtonight?

= to go is used to mean to be going now, or to be on ones way: = we are going, we are on our way. When we mean go habitually orregularly we use the verb = to go. Compare ? = where do you usually go in the evening? with ? =where are you going (now)?, which refers to a single journey.

There is a consonant change in the = I form; the of = to gochanges to , just like in = to see, = I see: = I go,


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34 walk; , = I often go to thetheatre but never go to the cinema; , =the children are already big, they go to school; =we love to go to visit people (literally, go to guests). In al l of these examples, weare talking about habitual or frequent actions.

After work we often go to this popular *vegetarian restaurant. It is not *expensive and very good. .

.Tonight I am visiting friends and ,tomorrow morning I am going to work. .We dont often go (= not often go) , to the cinema, because we have ()

a television and a DVD-player at home. DVD- .Its a shame that I am working , late today and cannot go to the .theatre with you.Normally I read in the evening but , today I will go to bed (= go to sleep) .after supper.*How much is the entry ticket? ?This is *worth buying (= to buy). .

CD 3 Track 7

Most Russian verbs have one form in the present tense that translates the

English I do and I am doing: = I do, am doing, = I work,am working.

Going verbs in Russian have an extra habitual general verb: = I amgoing, = I often go.

= to go (habitually) is used in the past to describe how you used to go,or went regularly or often: , =when we lived at the dacha we often went (used to go) to the forest ( =forest, wood). It is also used to describe a return trip: (a) =I went to the shop, Ive been to the shop.


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35 = yesterday; = yesterdayevening we went to the restaurant.

Where did you go yesterday evening? ( ) = Where were you yesterday evening? ? =

?We didnt go anywhere because , we had visitors. .While everybody was sleeping mum , went to the shop to buy bread and milk. .There was a lot of snow *in the forest and it was very beautiful. .We usually *go (= travel) to the dacha by train. .

I usually I go (drive) to work by ,car but yesterday I went (travelled) () ,by tube because there was a .lot of snow.

CD 3 Track 8

= the most: = the biggest (literally, the most big); = the worst; = Novosibirsk is the biggest city in Siberia.

= more, any more; , = thank you, I dontwant any more; = I cant any more; =nothing else, nothing more; = earlier, previously, before, in the past

(from o = early); = nobody goes to thecinema any more; = further away, further (from = far away); , = we need to know what to do next(literally, do further).

= better; = this hotel is bigger andbetter; = than; ... = the more ... the more ...; , = the earlier, the better; = much(in comparisons); = much more, far more; = much better; =best (or ): = my best (male) friend.

This is the biggest but worst hotel , in town. Why did you book it? .


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36 Because it is inexpensive. ? .We wanted to book a hotel in the centre of the city, but all the best , rooms (were) already booked there. .They say that Russian bread is the , tastiest in the world. .In the past there was even (= yet) more *bureaucracy and *less ,democracy than now. .What next? (=What further?) ?Better to do less, but better. , .

CD 3 Track 9 = he recommends; = this interests me,I am interested in this; = idea; = ideas; =recommendation; = comment; = I am not interested in these problems; = me neither(literally, me too).

can also mean I would like to know, I would like to find out; = I would like to know where; / / / = he / she is / they / you (informal) are interested.

I am more interested in books about theatre than cinema. And you? , . ?We are not interested in politics .

any more. Neither are we. We are . .*tired of (= from) politics.I have no more money in the bank and I cannot *pay for the flat. ()

.If you have no money now you can , pay later when you have money. ,

.There are *fee-paying schools in .Russia too.Entry tickets are *free. .


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38 CD 4 Track 1 = I give; , = I give you (my)word that I will soon do everything. = he gives: = he always gives us good advice (literally, advices); = to pass; ? = what do I tell him? (literally, what tohim to pass); = pass on to them (my) regards; = he also sends (literally, passes) his regards.

= to give is a concrete verb, so it forms the concrete future tense: =I will give; = he will give; = you will give (informal); = we will give; = you will give (formal, plural); =they will give; = Ill give you some advice (literally, oneadvice). Notice that this verb has almost the same endings as = to eat.

= he will pass; = thesecretary will pass him all the documents ( (masc.) = secretary). = to let know (literally, to give to know); , = when I have the information(literally, will have) about the trip, I will let you know (literally, give you to know).

= he gave; = she gave; = they gave. =give me; = lets go (on foot); ee = lets go(by vehicle).

The minister of culture has given () an interview to the The Times . newspaper. After the interview there -.was a press-conference.

When will you let us know? ?The secretary will give you free entry tickets. .How much do we have to tip ?(*give for tea)?The secretary will have all the .information. (= all the informationwill be by the secretary)*Its very expensive here. Lets go to . another restaurant. .It is expensive to park the car in the centre of Moscow, it is better , to go by tube or by bus. .


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39CD 4 Track 2 = to him; ? = to whom?; ? = whoneeds tickets for the concert? The ending for masculine nouns in the givingsituation (dative case) is -y or -: = to a friend; = to tell afriend (literally, to a friend); = this should bepassed to the director (literally, this it is necessary to pass); ! thankGod! (literally, glory to God) ( = God). = to each other (literally,friend to friend): = we tell each other everything(literally, we everything speak to each other).

/ = to write: () e-mail = Ineed to write an e-mail to a friend; = I write, I am writing; = Iwill write; , = I will write to him when I

have time (literally, when I will have time); , , =could you write (literally, write, please) this word?

= writer; = writers; the suffix - often denotesprofessions: = builder; = reader. = novel; . () = Tolstoy ismy favourite writer. I have read all his novels.

/ = to phone, give a call; - = I will soon call you (literally, to you) or write an e-mail; c, ! = thank God that he phoned! = to callback, to phone again (literally, to re-phone); ? =when can you call back?

The presidents *press secretary -

will give an interview to a journalist of Radio Russia. .They love each other and they often call and write to each other. .This will be our (with you) secret, ( )I wont tell anyone (*to no one). , .I wonder what the British *press , writes about the situation in Russia. .And my favourite Russian writer is Chekhov. I have read all his . .*stories.I didnt *understand what you said. (), .


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40 Could you write (it) here, , .if you dont mind.In the past they used to write , *letters and now they write e-mails. -.

CD 4 Track 3

The ending for feminine nouns in the giving situation (dative case) is -e: = colleague; = to a colleague; = female friend,girlfriend; = to a girlfriend; = I need tophone a (girl)friend. () = say hallo to (your)mum and dad (literally, pass regards to).

The verb to like needs the giving situation (dative) as what you are actuallysaying is something appeals to somebody:

, =Washington doesnt like Moscows policy and Moscow doesnt like Washingtonspolicy.

The endings for all plural nouns in the giving situation (dative) are - or -: = to friends; = to colleagues; = to children: = the children need a kind nanny ( = nanny, childminder); = the tourists were shown the towncentre (literally, to the tourists (they) showed).

= I was told, they told me (literally, to me (they) passed); , = the manager ofthe firm was told (passed) that all the documents were ready (literally, are ready).

= key; ? = did they pass (give) you the keys? = its cold; = I am cold, I feel cold (literally, to me it iscold); / / = he / she is / they are cold; = cold(adjective): , = I cant eat this soup, it (he)is cold.

= (it is) warm; , =yesterday it was very cold and today its warm; = warm (adjective); , = its a warm day todayand the water in the sea is very warm ( = sea).

= frost; = today is frosty (literally, today frost). = ice cream; = dessert; ,


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41 = for the dessert we will have coffee and the kids willhave ice cream.

Pass (my) regards to (your) parents () and children. .For the dessert, for me *lemon cake , and for the children *chocolate ,ice cream, please. .They often say in Russia: the best : of everything (= everything the best) !is for children!I was told to wait in the corridor ,while they prepared (= prepare) the .document.

They have announced (= passed / , .transmitted) that there will be frostin the morning.They say he is a millionaire and he , has a *yacht and a dacha by , (= on) the sea, but he hasnt got .a plane.There used to be (= earlier there was) many (= much) more fish in the sea. .It is *hot today. Its a pity there is . , /no air conditioning in the room / .hotel room.The *weather in Petersburg is bad :now: its cold and *it is raining .(= rain is going).

CD 4 Track 4

Many English adjectives ending in -cal or -ic end in - in Russian: = political; = historical, historic; = economic; = classical; = critical. = political leader; = political party. =economist; = crisis; , = economists say that soon there may be an economiccrisis. = serious; = serious situation;


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42 = region; , = the political and economic situation in the region is seriousbut not critical. = I aminterested in Russian classical music; = I like / love Russian classical music. = historymuseum (literally, historical); = sports complex.

= in order to; / = in order to do; =in order to know; = in order to understand.

Nouns ending in -ty in English (and those with a similar-sounding ending) oftenend in - in Russian: = university; = committee; = priority; = immunity; = mentality; , = in order

to understand Russian humour one needs to know the Russian mentality (= humour).

This *secret information was passed to the diplomat. .The economic situation in the region is critical and many people are , without work. .He is interested in classic sports cars (= *automobiles). ().Is there a *democratic party in Russia?

?Many students dont know what they , are going to do after the university. .

In order to understand the Russian ,mentality one needs to know Russian () *history and read Russian literature and newspapers. .I like (the fact) that this journalist , writes about politics with humour. .

CD 4 Track 5

= nowadays, these days (literally, in our time); o = intime; , : , = my sister never does anything in


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43time; she all the time says, I will do it later, or tomorrow. =punctual; o = she is not very punctual.

= always; = the client is always right. =as always.

= temporarily; = the lift is temporarilyout of order (literally, not working); , = weare sorry, the number is temporarily busy (recorded announcement). = temporary; = technical; , = we are sorry, we have temporarytechnical problems.

= contemporary, modern; = modernballet; = modern literature;

? = are you interested in contemporaryor classical ballet?

- suffix: = picnic; = a contemporary; =worker, employee; = adviser; = summer resident (literally,dacha resident); = classmates; = co-worker,member of staff. () = the employeesof the firm were given a day off. = thepresident needs good advisers. = all ourstaff are busy now.

I dont like the saying the client is always right; customers (= *buyers) ; are not always right. .

Not all Shostakovichs contemporaries liked his music. Many *criticised it. . .

I can work on the computer and have breakfast *at the same time. . And I cant do two things at a time. .He himself does nothing, only criticises , everything. Nobody likes his style. .

.The firm need serious, punctual staff. ,

.


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44 He is no longer (=already not) young , but (is) still a popular and progressive *politician. I think he needs a new . , modern image. .

CD 4 Track 6

Russian going verbs: (general) / (concrete) = to go on foot, walk; / to go by transport, travel. = I will go (on foot); = I will go (by transport). = to compromise( = compromise); , = we know your position and understand thatyou cannot compromise.

Other prefixes change the meaning or the direction of the verb; - is the

arriving prefix: = to arrive (on foot); = to arrive (by transport). = I will arrive (on foot); = I will arrive (by transport); , = when I arrive home (on foot), I will call you.

= we will soon go to the station; ( ); = we will soon arrive (at the station); ? = when did you arrive in Moscow?

- can be added to other verbs: = to carry; (concrete form)= to bring; ? = what shall I bring you? (literally, what to youto bring); () = I will bring the luggage myself. The requestform (imperative) ends with -: = bring the documents and one photograph.

Why didnt you tell us that you were , not coming (would not come)? ? , If we had known that you were , .not coming, we wouldnt have waitedfor you.He said that he would soon arrive, , , but we have been waiting for him .for a long time.When we arrived in Russia we already , spoke and understood Russian well.

-.


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45If you had phoned when you arrived , I would have met you. , ().After the revolution many people ()*left (= went away from) Russia for (= to) Europe or Asia. His . grandparents went to England. .The soup is delicious but there , .isnt enough salt (= isnt *salty). , , .Could you bring the salt, please.

CD 4 Track 7

The - prefix often has the sense of transition: = to cross, move(on foot); = to cross the street; ,

= when you cross the street you will see the metro (literally, willcross). = to switch to familiar terms; = lets switch to / familiar terms. = sooner or later everybody will switch to newmodern technologies ( = technology). = to move (bytransport), to move house; o = they longago moved to another city. = to rewrite; = to retell; = to re-read, read once again; = to move (something),to reschedule; = to move, reschedule the meeting.

Sometimes the meaning of a verb changes completely when a prefix is added: = to find (literally, walk on something); ?= is it difficult to find a job in Moscow?; = you will find;

, = here you will find everything (that) you need.We have known each other for a ,long time now, lets switch to ! () !I am very tired after the conference () and would like to move our meeting () to tomorrow, if possible. , .You need to change (= cross) to another platform. .We would like to move to a house *with a sea view. .Could you please bring the luggage , , into the room. .


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46 Here you will find a lot of information about the labour market .(market of labour).A good specialist all the time studies new modern technologies.

.All *schoolchildren study the history of Russia. .Many specialists cannot find work now. .

CD 4 Track 8

/ = to read: () = I have

long wanted to read this book. The concrete verb is used here as it means readthrough once or read to the end. ? = have you read thebook? The general verb is used here as you are interested in the fact of reading,not whether the book was finished.

= to give; = to sell: = I sell, am selling; = they sell, are selling; = you sell, you are selling. = tourist; = tourist agent; = tourist firm. = tour; = Asia; = this tourist firmsells interesting tours to Asia.

= only, just; = there is only one ticket; e - = he is interested only in pop-music.

I am more interested in tours to Asia than to Europe. I have long wanted , . to go to Asia, but I didnt have () , the money. .I cannot eat much in the morning. .I only eat *porridge, an *omelette , and two sandwiches with sausage. .Have you read the novel *War and ?Peace ? I have *just read it (= him). ().I havent read the novel but I have , ()seen (*watched) the film. I (had) . ()


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47long wanted to see (= watch .(concrete verb) it (= him)).I dont like excursions with a guide; ;I like to walk on my own and see (= *look at) everything myself. .After the war the situation was very difficult and many people left the region. .I am not hungry, Ive just eaten. /-,

() / ().I am very sorry, but the house has , just been sold (they have just sold). .In the market they sold me a bad copy of the film. If I had known it was a . (),

*pirated copy I wouldnt have bought it. , ().*Well see who is right! , !

CD 4 Track 9

= a time, as in one time, two times etc; = once, one time; () = one more time; , , = one, two, three; =another time (literally, on a different time); = wewill do it another time; = many times; () = I saw him only once. () = once a day (literally, once in aday); () = I eat meat once a day. week; = once a week (literally, once into a week).

= two times, twice; = three times; = fourtimes;

o = she goes to workonly two or three times a week.

= Monday; = on Monday; = on Monday I have a presentation. = Saturday; = on Saturday; , = I dont work on Saturday, I can go on an excursion. =see you on Saturday (literally, we will see each other on Saturday).


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48 We watch television only once a week, on Saturday. I like going to the () , . cinema more than watching TV.

, .I dont look up all the words in the dictionary, only interesting or , difficult (ones). .I go to the fitness club two or three - times a week. .I have been to the surgery only once () and will not go there again (any more). . There is flu (around) now and there , .were many people.

When we see each other on ,Monday we can have a chat .about the trip.I have just arrived and am very tired. () Lets talk another time. ().

.I know this region of Russia well. .I have been here many times. () . Now the situation there is much better , than before. Soon I will go there again . .(once more).

ReferenceComing and going verbs

I am going (on foot = walking) he is going he was going she was going we / they were going /

he arrived (on foot) she arrived we / they arrived /


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49he found she found we / they found /

Yesterday we went to the theatre. . When we arrived at (in) the theatre , we couldnt (didnt) find the .(theatre) programme.

he left she left we / they left /

We couldnt (didnt) find his house, , .and left.

to go / walk (habitually) he goes / walks he finds they walk it is situated / they are situated

Do you know where the Central , Bank of Russia is situated? ?Russia is situated both in Europe ,and in Asia. .

to come up / approach / The train is approaching. .

The train has arrived (approached). .to go through / Please, go through. (Come on in!) , !to drop in / Drop in and see us! !

Figurative use of coming and going verbs

Time goes by. .Time passes. .All is going well. .It is raining / snowing. It rains / snows. / .


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51Everything is more or less OK with us. .= We have It is much colder today than yesterday. , .

Colours

black red white black and white -

I dont like red caviar: it is very salty; : but I love black caviar. ;

.What wine do you like better, ,red or white? ?Russian rye (black) bread is much tastier than English. , .Red square is in the centre of Moscow. .The Black Sea is warm. .The White House is in Washington, , but I didnt know that in Moscow (), there was (is) a White House as well. .I like to watch old black and white films. -

.

More reflexive verbsis / are written /

is / are read (reads) / is / are done / is / are sold /

How do you write this (how is it written)? ?How do you read this word? ?I dont know how it is done. , .This is not for sale (= not sold). .

to meet (each other) (up) / I meet / will meet with him / You meet / will meet with her /


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52 We often meet (each other). .We will meet them (with them) tomorrow. .We met in the bar after work. .

More on noun and adjective endings (case endings)Nouns ending in - have - in three situations: the of, location and givingsituations (singular):

of Russia in Russia to Russia Russia needs a democratic leader.

.

Masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the with something / somebody

situation (instrumental) have / as in = with him:We are friends with him. .We eat soup with our Russian rye bread. .

Feminine singular adjectives in the with something / somebody situation(instrumental) have / as in = with her (the same as femininenouns in this situation):

We are friends with her. .I will have a sandwich with my favourite black caviar. .

Masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the giving situation (dative) have

/ as in ? = to whom? to him:Who will you give this (to)? To him. ? .Your new zoo needs bears.

.

Feminine singular adjectives in the giving situation ( dative) have / as in = to her (the same as in the with situation):

I need to write to her. .I need to write to my new girlfriend.

.


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53Masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the location situation (locative /prepositional) have / as in / = in / about what:

What is the problem? (= in what) ?They live in a big nice new house.

.

Feminine singular adjectives in the location situation (location / prepositional)have / (the same as in the with and giving situations):

They live in a big nice new flat. .

Masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the of something / somebodysituation (genitive) have / as in = of him, = he has:

He is not here (= of him there is no) .My good old school friend has a big family. .

Feminine singular adjectives in the of situation have / (the same as inthe with, giving and location situations):

My good old school girlfriend has a big family. .

Nouns (and adjectives) denoting a man and a male animal (animate singular)take the same ending in the whom / what (accusative) as in the of situation(genitive):

Call your manager / director. /.

I often see this person. .

In the of situation with plurals (genitive plural), masculine nouns add - / -:

There are many theatres, restaurants, ,museums in Moscow. , .

In the of situation with plurals (genitive plural) vowel-ending nouns (feminineand neuter) drop the vowel (shown by _ below):

We have no problems. _.They have no rights. _.


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54 In the of situation all plural adjectives have / as in = of them:They are not at home .(= there is no of them).They have built many large new universities and schools in the city. .I have many new good friends. .

In the whom situation (accusative) plural nouns and adjectives denoting men,women and animals (animate plural) have the same endings as in the of whomsituation:

We are expecting our new Russian friends and colleagues. _.

In the location situation with plurals (locative / prepositional plural), all nounshave / , adjectives / (the same as in the of situation):

In these big cities there are many big shops. .

In the giving situation with plurals (dative plural), all adjectives have / as in = to them:

They need the information. .Our new colleagues need the information. .

In the with something / somebody situation with plurals (instrumental plural), alladjectives have / as in = with them:

We are working with them. .We are working with new expensive computers. .

More prepositionsWith the of situation:

from: A souvenir from a friend. . for (the sake of): Stories for children. .

With the giving situation:

towards, in the direction of: On Saturday I will go to see friends. ( ).


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55 along, around; according to: Go straight down the corridor. . A cruise along the Volga. ; I watchedfootball on (= along) television. .

With the whom/what situation:

across, through, in (= after a period of time): I will arrive / be in anhour. / .

With the with situation:

behind, beyond (a place): Behind the house there is a forest. . under: I am walking in (= under) the rain. . over, above: We are working on (= over) the project. .

Days of the week and months of the yearMonday Friday Tuesday Saturday Wednesday Sunday Thursday

January July February August March September April October May November June December

Numerals1 11 21 101 2 12 22 102 3 13 4 14 30 200 5 15 40 300 6 16 50 400 7 17 60 500 8 18 70 600 9 19 80 700

10 20 90 800 100 900

1000


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56 Word familiesAlthough these have not been marked with asterisks, many of these words arebonus words, i.e. they are not on the recording.

The family The family right (adj.) to speak, talk, say right, law to finish saying driving licence agreement truth to agree to the right conversation to rule plot ruler talks government court sentence rule saying correctly tongue twister to correct to fill the car direction

The / family The / family to say, tell word fairy tale dictionary to tell glory story Russian orthodox to predict Slavic to prompt condition to order, book unconditionally,

order absolutely to show proverb to prove (-) word for word proof

The family The family heat view, look hot video fire / to see fireman / - to see each other to fry, roast to foresee fried visible, evidently roast (meat) obviously, evidently


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57The family contd. prominent to hate to envy

The family The family to walk, go / to write to enter letter entrance to note down, entry (adj.) record to go out, exit record, recording exit note day off to sign to arrive signature

to approach to copy, rewrite approach to correspond to cross correspondence crossing transition (adj.) go through passage to drop in to find income() expense(s)

The family The / family

the Duma to travel, go / to think entrance to rethink / entry visa

change ones mind to exit to think out exit well thought-out train to be lost in thought trip to invent, think up to arrive

to approach entrance (front

door) to cross


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58 The / family contd. crossing to go / drive through thoroughfare to drive in, drop in

The / family to give date country house to pass, broadcast broadcast, show task, problem luck, success

lucky, successful to sell to hand in; let out change (money) to serve (food; sport) serve (sport)


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EnglishRussian glossaryThe following abbreviations are used:

adj. = adjective;adv. = adverb; fem. = feminine;masc. = masculine;neut. = neuter;pl. = plural; sit. = situation

Adjective endings for fem., neut. and pl. are given in brackets following themasc. form where there are unpredictable changes.

Verbs are listed in the following way:If two verbs are listed, the first is the general verb.The three forms given in brackets are: I , formal you and they .

59

(be) able, to / * ((),(), ())

about (+location sit.)about what accountant active address advertisement advice / council advise, to * (-, -,

-) / advisor after * (+ of sit.)agent air conditioning airport all day all evening all morning all the time allergy allergy towards (+ whom /

what sit.)allowed / possible already also / too / likewise always

America American (-, -,

-)and and, but another one (-, -)another thing another time apologies arrive (by transport), to */

arrive on foot / come, to */

as soon as possible *

as they say / as usual / always Asia at home at the same time, simultaneously

*author automobile * (masc.)back soon, I will be (he / she will be back

soon) ( / )

bad (-, -, -); I feel bad


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61cinema (unchangeable)city / town (pl. )classic(al) (-, -,

-)classmate clock, watch (pl.)club coffee (unchangeable)cognac cold (I am) cold (it is) cold colleague Come here! () !

come up / approach (on foot) / suit /f it (not about looks), to * /

comment (pl.)

committee communist company complex compromise compromise, to computer computer programmer concert

concert ticket conference constitution consult, seek advice, to * /

(+ with sit.)consultation contact (in contact )contemporary (noun) contemporary / modern cook, to / corridor *corruption cost / be worth, to * (-verb)

could (have) (subjunctive)()/()/() could (past) , , Could you bring ,

Could you please country house (dacha) co-worker / member of staff crisis *critical (-, -, -)criticise, to * (-, -,

-)criticism *crocodile

cross (on foot), to * / crossing (pedestrian) / transition cuisine culture dad day (masc.) (of the day *,pl.

)day off (),pl.

()delicious deliciously (Delicious!) democracy democratic * (-,

-, -)

dessert dictionary diet (on a diet )different / other (-, -, -)different matter / Thats better!

different thing difficult / hard (its difficult / hard) difficult / hard difficult to say dine, to / have dinner / lunch /

dinner / lunch (for dinner )


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62diplomat diplomatic (-, -,

-)director discussion *do / make, to / document dollar drink, to / ( ,

, )driving licence (pl.)DVD player DVD each other * earlier / previously / before / in the past

early eat, to / ( , ,

, , , )economic (-, -,

-)economist economy effective effectively eitheror *energy engineer England *

English (English language) (-, -, -)English (in English) -enter (on foot), to * / enthusiasm entrance entry (adj.) *Europe *European *evening everybody / all everything / all excursion

excuse, to (-verb)exit / way out exit (on foot), to / expensive / dear * (-, -, -)(its) (not) expensive * ()extremism family (its) fantastic! !far away far from * (+ of sit.)farm fashion fashionable favourite

fee-paying *female friend / girlfriend film find, to * (-, -, -)/

(, , )find out / *recognise, to (concrete)firm fish fitness club -flat / apartment floor / storey flu food (stuffs) / groceries football

football (adj.) *for a long time / a long time ago for breakfast for dessert for dinner / lunch for money * for supper for tomorrow forest, wood (location * )forget, to * (-, -, -)/ (-, -, -)

forget! (imperative) ()form / uniform


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63four free (costing nothing) *friend (pl. , of friends

*)from (out of) (+ of sit.)frost frozen furniture ( )further away / further garage *gas give, to (-verb) (, ,

)/ ( / -verb) (, ,, , , )

give (ones) word, to / give a tip, to * glad (-, -)glasnost (fem.)glory go, to (by transport) / go, to (by transport, habitual) *

(, , )go, to (on foot) / go, to (on foot, habitual) (,

, )God good (without a noun) / well Good afternoon! !

Good evening! !Good morning! !good / nice (-, -, -)grandpa * (fem.)granny guest / visitor (masc) (pl. ), of

guests / visitors *guide have, to seeI have, you have, etc.; will have

(about food / drink) etc.have a chat / talk / word, to *

(concrete)have a drink, to

have breakfast, to /have lunch, to / have supper, to / have to, to / Have you got? () ?he has ()he he is not here / in her here here (motion) here is/are Hermitage

hero herself (all by herself) Hi! / regards him himself (all by himself) his historical / historic (-,

-, -)history / incident *home / house (pl. )home (to home) home-made vodka homeless honey

Hooray! !hopeless hot *hotel , (masc.)hour house house number how / as / like how are things? / how are you? ?how long (for how long) / how long ago

how much * (+ of sit.)how much costs (is) *


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65 (-) (, ,)love (fem.) (with love

)love, to (, ,

)luggage (baggage) luggage check-in manager mandarin / tangerine many (people) *map market (in the market )match (football)

matter / case May (in May )May I / Can I? ?maybe mayor meat meet, to * (-verb)/

(-verb) (-, -, -)meet (each other) (up), to *

(-, -, -)/ (-, -, -)

meeting / appointment mentality menu (neuter, unchangeable)

method metro / underground (unchangeable)

milk millionaire *mineral water minister minute Monday (on Monday

)money * (always pl.) (of money

*)more / any more/ bigger

more beautiful / beautifully *more expensive *more interesting *more or less * morning Moscow move (to another place) / move house, to

(concrete)move / switch to, to (+ whom/ whatsit.)

move / transfer / reschedule, to (concrete) (past*, -, -)

much / a lot (+ of sit.)much, far (in comparisons)

mummy museum music my (mine) , , , name (of a person)nanny (child minder) national nationalism need, to (+noun) , , ,

need, to (+ to verb) / neithernor * (with / )Neva (river) never

new New York -newspaper no / there is no no smoking (sign) nobody (+ )normal normally not not allowed / one shouldnt not long ago / recently not much / a little nothing (+ )


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66nothing else (+ )novel Novgorod now nowadays / these days nowhere (+ )nowhere (motion) (+ )number / a hotel room (pl. )occupied / engaged (,

, )of course of money *of people *of time *

office often old old-fashioned on / at (+location)on to / to (motion) (+ whom / what sit.)on the way once a day () once a week () one (, , )One moment! ! /

!one more time / once again ()

one more / another (yet one) one should (shouldnt) () / one thing only / just opera opposition optimist *or order / book, to * / others our , , , ourselves (all by ourselves) outside

pancakes *parents *park *park, to *parking *parliament party pass, to */ passive passport (pl. )pasta / spaghetti * (pl.)pay for, to * (, ,

)/ peace / world *

people * (of people *)person / man *Petersburg petrol photocopy photograph phrase picnic piece, slice (pl. *)pilot pirated * (-, -, -)pity (); its a great pity!

O ()!pizza

plan plane (airplane) platform please / not at all / youre welcome

police (in Russia) policy / politics political (-, -, -)politician *(I feel) poorly xpopular porridge, cereal *portion


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67position possible / allowed (This is not) possible! !prepare / get ready / cook, to /

(-verb) (-, -,-)

presentation president press *press-conference *-pressing / topical previously / before / in the past principle (in principle

)

priority productive productively professional (adj.) *programme (theatre

programme *)progress (they made progress

)progressive *project punctual quick *: Be quick! *! /

*!quicker / faster *

quickly radio (unchangeable)railway station (at the station

)rain (masc.); its raining *

read, to / : be read, to

*reader ready (-, -, -)Really? ?rebuild, to recommend, to (-,

-, -)recommendation (pl.

)red*redo, to region repair, to (concrete)reputation *reread (read once again), to

(concrete)resort resort (adj.) *restaurant retell, to (concrete)

revolution rewrite, to (concrete)rice right (, )right (adj.) / right-wing risk risk, to * (general) (-,

-, -)room *room (in a hotel) route route taxi / minibus

( )rush, to be in a / hurry

(-verb) (the watch is fast )rush hour * Russia Russian (in Russian / the Russian way)

-Russian (of Russia) * (-,

-, -)Russian (Russian language)

(-, -, -)Russian orthodox *Russians rye bread *


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68salad salt (fem.)salty / salted *samovar sandwich Saturday (on Saturday

)sausage / salami *say, to / saying *school school (adj.) *school pupil *sculpture

sea sea view * secret (adj.) *secret secretary (masc.)see, to / ( verb) (,

, )see / visit friends, to /

see each other, to (

, , )/

See you tomorrow! .self-made / homemade

sell, to (-, -, -) / (-, -, -); to besold * (general)(, c)

serious seven she she has ()she is not here / in shop shop assistant (pl. )Shostakovich show, to (concrete) (-verb)

shower Siberia (fem.)situated, to be *xsister (I feel) sick xsleep, to * (general) (-verb) (,

, )smoke, to (general) (-verb)snow ; its snowing * so / this way Sochi some people soon sooner or later

sooner / Be quick! *sorry ; I am very sorry

soup souvenir Soviet Union speak (talk), to / speak English -speak Russian -specialist speciality (profession) *

(fem.)sportsman sportswoman

sporty / sporting / sports (adj.)sputnik / travel companion square (fem.) (in the square

)starter (as a starter )still / so far / story *straight *straight ahead / directly *strange (adj.) street (in the street / outside

)


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69student (fem. )study, learn * (-verb)style (masc.)such (+adj.) *, , , sugar (this) suits me * (this) suits you (about looks) *

summer resident supermarket supper surgery / polyclinic *surname sweets / chocolates

switch to familiar terms, to / talk / taste tasteless (dull) tastier / more delicious *tasty / delicious taxi (unchangeable)tea technical (-, -, -)technology (pl. )telephone telephone number television

tell (say), to / tell: they told me temperature temporarily temporary terrorism than Thank God! !thank you very much / many thanks

thanks for that (one) , , That way, please. , .

the earlier, the better ,

the most theatre theatre programme *their

vocabulary russian

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