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VISUALIZATION OF HUMAN FETAL

DEVELOPMENT AND FAILURE

Madhumitha.A1, Sivaranjani.G2, Gomathi.S3

1 Department of computer science (PG),

PSGR Krishnammal college for women,Coimbatore

[email protected]

Abstract.The life is not a bed of roses it has both success and failure. Fetus

development is a 9 month journey inside a mother’s womb. The development of

fetus in every month and the birth of child have been visualized by using the

tableau software. The hard side of a parent is to see their baby’s death. The

various reasons for fetal death and the comparison between the birth rate and

the fetal death has also been visually presented by using the tableau.

Keywords: Birth rate, Fetal death, Tableau, Human Fertilization, Fetal

development, Premature birth, sperm, zygote, embryo.

1 Introduction

The most powerful and fastest growing data visualization tool used in the business

intelligence industry is tableau which helps in simplifying raw data into the very

easily understandable format. Analyzing data and visualizing the date is very fast and

convenient in tableau. Tableau will be in the form of dashboards and worksheets.

The tiniest foot makes the biggest footsteps in our heart. The sperm and the egg unite

in one fallopian tube to form a one-celled entity called a zygote. Soon after

fertilization, the zygote travels down the uterine tube towards the uterus and then it

will begin to form a cluster of cells. Fetal development typically follows a predictable

course. Some babies die in the uterus before they born called an intra-uterine fetal

death. The most common cause of a baby dying in the womb is a problem with the

placenta. The pregnancy illness pre-eclampsia can also reduce blood flow to the baby

through placenta. Sometimes a baby to be stillborn due to genetic or chromosomal

defects[1]. In this paper, we visualized and compared the growth of fetus and fetal

death and its reasons using tableau.

2 Human fertilization In human beings the union of egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the

uterine tube is called human fertilization. The result of this union is the production of

fertilized egg and initiating prenatal development [1].

The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis

Volume XI, Issue VIII, August/2019

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2.1 Stages of human fertilization

Fig.1. Stages of Human Fertilization

2.2 Development of fetal

Fig.2. Development of Fetal

sperm preparation

sperm-egg recognition and

binding

sperm-egg fusion fusion of sperm

and egg pronuclei

activation of the zygote

PREEMBRYONIC STAGE

First two weeks from fertilisation

It is known as germinal stage

EMBRYONIC STAGE

•Till 8th week.

•Embryo is fully formed and organs starts to develop during this stage

FETAL DEVELOPMENT

•Developing organisms

•Fetus starts to grow and develop



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3 Stages of growth

Fig.3. Stages of Growth

MONTH 1:

As egg grows, a water-tight sac forms around egg and gradually filling with fluid and

it called as amniotic sac which helps to cushion the growing embryo. At starting

stage, a face with large dark circles is formed. This stage also includes the developing

of mouth, lower jaw, throat and blood cells are taking shape and circulation will

begin. At end of this month the heart starts beat 65 times a minute. At the end of the

first month the baby is about 1/4 inch long – smaller than a grain of rice [2].

MONTH 2:

Features of face continue to develop. Each ear begins as a little fold of skin at the side

of the head. Tiny buds which grow into arms, legs and fingers, toes and eyes are also

starts to form. The neural tube like brain, spinal cord and other neural tissue of the

central nervous system is well formed. The digestive tract and sensory organs begin to

develop and bone starts to replace cartilage. To the whole the size of the head will be

larger in proportion. By the end of this month, the baby who is in the form of embryo

weighs about 1/30 of an ounce and 1 inch long. At about 6 weeks, baby's heart beat

can usually be detected. After the 8th week, baby is called a fetus instead of an

embryo [2].



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MONTH 3:

Nails at fingers and toes are begun to develop and the external ears are also formed.

The beginnings of teeth are forming. Reproductive organs will also develop, but the

gender is difficult to distinguish on ultrasound. By the end of this month, structure of

baby is fully formed. All the organs will be identified and it continues to mature in

order to become functional. The circulatory and urinary systems are also working in

this month. At the end of third month liver starts producing bile. At the end of the

third month, baby is about 4 inches long and weighs about 1 ounce [2].

MONTH 4:

Doppler is an instrument which is used to hear the heartbeat of the fetal when it is

inside the mother’s womb. The fingers, toes, eyelids, eyebrows, eyelashes, nails, and

hair are formed. Teeth and bones become denser. At this stage, the baby can even

suck his or her thumb, yawn, stretch, and make faces. The nervous system starts to

function. The reproductive organs are now fully developed, and now the gender of the

fetal can be predicted. By the end of this month, the fetal is about 4 ounce weighs and

6 inches long [2].

MONTH 5:

Begin to feel the baby move, since he or she is developing muscles and exercising

them. This first movement is called quickening. Hair begins to grow on baby's head.

Lanugo is a soft fine hair which covers the baby’s shoulders and back. This hair

protects the baby and is usually shed at the end of the baby's first week of life.

Vernixcaseosa is a whitish coating which covers a fetal inside mother’s womb and it

protect fetal’s skin from the long exposure to the amniotic fluid. This coating is shed

just before birth. By the end of the fifth month, the baby is about 10 inches long and

weighs from 1/2 to 1 pound [2].

MONTH 6:

At this month, the fetal skin will be reddish in color, wrinkled, and veins are visible

through the fetal's translucent skin. Fetal finger and toe prints will be visible. At this

month, the fetal’s eyelids begin to part and open his/her eyes. The fetal respond to the

sounds by moving or increasing the pulse. If the baby born prematurely, it is possible

to survive after the 23rd week with intensive care. By the end of this month, the fetal

weighs about 2 pounds and 12 inches long [2].

MONTH 7:

The fetal will continue to mature and develop reserves of body fat. At this

stage the fetal can hear everything and the fetal changes position frequently and

responds to stimuli, including sound, pain, and light and amniotic fluid begins to

diminish. At the end of the seventh month, the baby is about 14 inches long and

weighs from 2 to 4 pounds. If born prematurely, the baby would be likely to survive

after the seventh month [2].



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MONTH 8:

The fetal will continue to mature and develop. Baby's brain is developing rapidly at

this time, and the baby can see and hear. At this stage the lungs may still be immature

but most of internal systems are well developed. Now baby is about 18 inches long

and weighs as much as 5 pounds [2].

MONTH 9:

The lungs are almost completely developed. At this stage the fetal can wink, close the

eyes, turn the head, grasp tightly, and react to sounds, light, and touch. Now, the fetal

is definitely ready to enter the earth! That the baby moves less due to tight space. The

baby changes its position to prepare itself for labor and delivery. The baby drops

down in the pelvis and the baby's head is down toward the birth canal. Now baby is

about 18 to 20 inches long and weighs about 7 pounds [2].

4 Premature birth

The birth of baby before 37th week of pregnancy is called premature birth. Premature

babies especially those who born very early often have many complicated medical

problem.

Fig.4.Birth of premature baby

The premature baby is born mostly to the women under the age of 20-24 and secondly

to the women under age of 15-19. The women under the age of 24 will not attain that

much stage to get pregnant which results in the birth of preterm baby. The other

reasons of preterm babies are the deficiency of nutrients by a mother, weak uterus,

intake of drugs. India ranks 1st place and US ranks 6th place in the birth of preterm

babies [5].



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5 Birth rate

Birth rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 in a population in year

or period.

Fig.5: US date base

number of births

3,855,500

birth rate

11.8 per 1,000 population

fertility rate

60.3 births per 1,000 women

aged 15-44

low birth weight

8.3%

preterm

9.9%

unmarried

39.8%

first birth

26.8%



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Fig.6 Birth rate of US

6 Fetal death

Fetal death refers to the spontaneous intrauterine death of fetus at any time during. It

is absorbed by the absence of fetal movement. In some instance it stays a bit longer

from 3days to 6 weeks.

Fig.7: Reasons for fetal death

The main reason for the death of fetal is social or economic problems. When the

mother’s age is below 20 or above 35 may risk in the fetal death. The other causes for

the death of fetal are use of drugs, use of assisted reproductive technology and also

due to the surrounding environments, work stress, junk foods.



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6.1 Output for birth rate and fetal death using tableau

Fig. 8: Comparison of birth rate and fetal death

From the obtained data it is clear that the birth rate and fetal death has been nearly

equal.

6.2 Reasons for death of fetal:

DRUG USAGE

ALCOHOL

TOBACCO

CIGARETTE SMOKING

DISEASES

HIV

AIDS

STRESS

MENTALLY

PHYSICALLY

HEALTH ISSUES

UTERUS WEAKNESS



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7 Cigarette smoking women during their pregnancy

Smoking during the pregnancy will increase a risk in birth of baby. The fetal inside

the mother’s womb will get insufficient oxygen and heart rate will be increased which

leads to death of fetal or miscarriage. It may also results in weight loss of fetal and

improper functioning of lungs.

7.2% of women smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy

was highest for women aged 20–24 (10.7%), followed by women aged 15–19 (8.5%)

and 25–29 (8.2%) [6].

Fig 9: percentage of cigarette smoking literate women

The frequency of smoking during pregnancy was highest among women with a

completed high school education (12.2%), and second-highest among women with

less than a high school education (11.7%) [6].

8 Conclusion

From the obtained data it results that both birth rate and fetal death has been nearly

equal. The literate women have also been smoking during their pregnancy time. The

main reason for fetal death is due to social and economic problems. The pre-term

babies have been born mostly to the women under the age of 20-24. The above results

have been visualized by using the tableau software.



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References

1. Birnholz, Jason C., and Beryl R. Benacerraf. "The development of human fetal hearing."

Science 222, no. 4623 (1983): 516-518.

2. Hamilton, William James, James Dixon Boyd, and Harland Winfield Mossman. "Human

Embryology (Prenatal development of form and function)." Human embryology (prenatal

development of form and function). (1945).

3. Thomson, A. M. "Fetal growth and size at birth." (1983): 89-142.

4. Lecanuet, Jean-Pierre, William P. Fifer, Norman A. Krasnegor, and William P. Smotherman,

eds. Fetal development: A psychobiological perspective. Psychology Press, 2013.

5. DuPlessis, Helen M., Robert Bell, and Toni Richards. "Adolescent pregnancy: understanding

the impact of age and race on outcomes." Journal of Adolescent Health 20, no. 3 (1997):

187-197.

6. Cardonick, Elyce, and Audrey Iacobucci. "Use of chemotherapy during human pregnancy."

The lancet oncology5, no. 5 (2004): 283-291.



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