visual dictionary - soffit
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Visual Dictionary
Air Barrier Paper
Definition – Air barriers control air leakage into and out of the building envelope. This allows for more durable buildings as moisture is kept out and also results in significant energy savings.
Attic Ventilation
Ridge Vent
Gable Vent
These are needed to allow air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge
Needed to release heat and humidity from the attic
Attic Ventilation Cont’dRoof Turbine
These are needed to pull air from the attic space
Attic Ventilation Cont’d
Soffit Vent
Needed to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing
Backhoe
Definition – A hydraulic excavating machine consisting of a tractor having an attached hinged boom, with a bucket with movable jaws on the end of the boom.
They are used for excavation and other earth work projects.
The bucket on this backhoe is 3’ or 1 yard.
Batter Boards
Definition – A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.
These are used to pull a string on the center of the boards in order to quickly put in dowels.
Brick ArchesArch Type
Segmental
Semicircular
Arch with a Keystone
Brick Bonds
Running – Every course is a row of offset stretchers
Flemish – Every course is a row of offset alternating stretchers and headers
Brick Bonds (cont’d.)
Rowlocks Sailors Soldier
Headers
Brick Sizes
Modular brick (3 5/8 “ x 2 ¼” x 7 5/8”)
Standard Brick (3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 8”)
Bulldozer
Definition – a caterpillar tracked tractor, equipped with a substantial metal plate (dozer blade), used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work.
Cladding
Wood Shingles are sawn while Wood Shakes are split. This building has a veneer of Wood Shakes.
Cladding Cont’d
EFIS Clad Structure
Stone Clad Structure (random
rubble)
Brick Clad
Structure
Cladding Cont’d
Wood Board Clad Structure
Code Requirements
Measurements of open area when open : Width (31”), Height (27”), Area (5.85 sf), Sill Height AFF (26 ½”)
IBC Requirements are W (min of 20”), H (min of 24”), A (min of 5.7 sf), for a SH AFF less than 44”
This window meets all of the requirements for an egress window
Code Requirements Cont’d
This stairway has a 11” Tread and A 8” Rise.
The IBC code requirements for this type of stairs is a minimum of 10” Tread and a maximum of 7 ¾” Rise.
This stairway does not meet IBC code because the Rise of the stairs is greater than 7 ¾”.
Concrete Joints
Crack Control Joint
Control Joint – An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.
Concrete Joints Cont’d
Isolation Joint – used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin fixed foundation elements such as columns, building or machinery foundations, etc.
Being Isolated:
Column from Slab
Slab from Slab
Concrete Masonry Unit
4” CMU
10” CMU
Definition and Important aspects of Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) - A block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone. CMU’s are made of Portland cement and aggregates (sand and gravel). The typical dimensions for a CMU are 8” high by 16” long and the width can range anywhere from 4” to 12”, but the common width is 8”.
3 Courses Brick = 1 course CMU
Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit
Split Block
Decorative CMU Cont’d
Ribbed Block
DoorsExterior Flush Door
Exterior 6 Panel Door
Top Rail
Stile
Panel
Lock Rail
Bottom Rail
Doors Cont’d
Transom – A small window directly above a door. Sidelight – A tall,
narrow window alongside a door.
Electrical Components
Meter Service Head
Duplex Receptacle
Service Panel
Where the 3 wires enter the building
Holds the meter to measure power usage.
The control center for electrical circuits in the building.
Used to transfer the electricity to appliances, or equipment
Electrical Cont’d
Power Pole with a Transformer
Transforms the power coming from the power plant, to a lower voltage to be transferred to a designated location, i.e. house, jobsite, etc.
Framing Elements
#1) Anchor Bolt
#2) Sill Plate
Framing Cont’d
#3) Floor Joists
#4) Subflooring
Framing Cont’d
#5) Sole Plate
#6) Stud
#7) Top Plate
Framing Cont’d#8) Ceiling Joist
#9) Rafter
Framing Cont’d
#11) Sheating
#10) Roof Decking
#12) Stringer
Front End LoaderDefinition - A type of tractor that has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms to scoop up loose material from the ground and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground.
The Front End Loader differs from a backhoe in that the bucket is not designed to deep into the ground. It differs from a bulldozer in that it is meant to pick up materials in its bucket rather than push it across the ground.
Gypsum Board
Definition – An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces.
Heat PumpAir Handling Unit
Compressor / Condenser – used to condense a substance from its gaseous to liquid state, typically by cooling it
A device used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC system. Air handling units usually connect to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the air handling unit.
Advantage of heat pumps – Ability to filter٭air and control humidity
– Disadvantage of heat pumps٭Difficult to zone and are bulky
Insulation
Loose Fill Insulation
*Purpose* Insulation is added to buildings for comfort and energy efficiency and used to reduce the rate of heat transfer.
Rigid Board Insulation
Insulation Cont’d
Foamed Insulation
Lintel
Definition – A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening
Mortar
Tooled (Raked) ½” joint
Use: Average commercial building – type N
Tooled (Concave) 3/8” joint Use: Dudley – type S
Oriented Strand Board
Definition – A non-veneered building panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions that is manufactured by being bonded together under pressure
Plumbing
Water Closet
A 3” pipe is usually used to drain a water closet
Lavatory
A 1-½” pipe is usually used for a
lavatory
Plumbing Cont’dShower / Tub installed in framing before sheetrock
Under mount Kitchen Sink installed in a countertop
Plumbing Cont’dPlumbing Roof Vent
The VTR (vent through the roof) allows air to flow into the pipes, allowing gravity to push the water through the building, and also make the water less stagnant.
Plywood
Veneer – A thin layer, sheet, or facing
Definition - A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer or veneers in plywood
Plywood is manufactured by slicing sheets of material from a log and then laminating three or more veneers into a rectangular sheet.
Radiant Barrier
Definition – A reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy.
Rebar
# 8 (1”) Rebar
The purpose of the deformations in the rebar is so that the roughness on the rebar can bond better to the concrete
Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter - A channel that collects rainwater at the eave of a roof. Downspout - A
vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level
Splashblock - A small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.
Steep Roof Materials
Clay Tile RoofUnderlaymentA layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing. Used as a backup when water seeps underneath the tile on a roof.
Metal Panel Roof
Aluminized steel is typically used
Steep Roof Materials Cont’d
Shingled Metal Roof
Shingle - A small unit of water–resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight
Steep Roof ShapesMansard Roof
Hip Roof
Steep Roof Shapes Cont’d
Gable Roof
Gambrel Roof
Steep Roof TermsRake - The sloping edge of a steep roof
Eave - The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof
Steep Roof Terms Cont’d
Ridge - The level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof
Valley - A trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes
Fascia - The exposed vertical face of an eave
Soffit – The undersurface of a roof overhang
Steep Roof Terms Cont’dBuilding Without A Fascia – flat roofs and/or roofs that are not wood, do not need a fascia because they do not have a roof overhang and have other methods of draining water off of the roof
StoneRandom Ashlar
Random Rubble
Coursed Ashlar
Vapor Retarder
Waterproofing
Waterproofing is applied to the outside of the foundation to prevent water from leaking into the building. The waterproofing in the picture is fully adhered.
Weep Hole
Definition - A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly
Welded Wire Fabric
5” x 5” Welded Wire Fabric waiting for concrete to be poured on top of it to fill in the hole. The hole also needs to be cleaned of trash prior to pouring concrete.
Windows
Hopper
(Hinges are on the bottom and opens inward)
Casement (hinged on a vertical jamb) Single Hung
(Bottom Section slides upward, Top is stationary)