Name: Date: Number:Science Study Guide: Sun-Moon-Earth Part I

USE YOUR NOTES AND YOUR QUIZZES TO COMPLETE THIS!!!

Lesson 1: I can analyze the effect of the solar eclipse on temperature.(1) What does eclipse mean?To cover up

(2) What is the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse? Explain in words and drawings!Solar eclipse – moon blocks the sun, casting a shadow

SUN – MOON – EARTHLunar eclipse – earth blocks the moon from reflecting the sun’s light; the earth covers up the sunlight’s path to the moon

SUN – EARTH – MOON

(3) How does the sun move in space?Spinning/rotates in space

(4) How does the earth move in space? How long does it take?Spins/rotates – 24 hoursOrbits/revolves around the sun – 1 year

(5) How does the moon move in space? How long does it take?Spins/rotates – 1 monthOrbits/revolves around the earth – 1 month

(6) What is the penumbra? What is the umbra? What do you see if you are in each?Umbra – darkest part of the moon’s shadow; here you see a total eclipsePenumbra – lighter part of the moon’s shadow; here you see a partial eclipse

(7) Why is there not a solar eclipse every month?- the eclipses occur in different places*better answer: the moon’s rotation doesn’t line up perfectly to be in the path each month/the orbit of the moon is not at the right angle to line up every time

(8) Why does not everyone on Earth see a total solar eclipse?Not everyone is under the umbra

(9) Use the graph to answer questions (a)-(d)

(a) What should you title the graph?Temperature (degrees Celsius) vs. Local time

(b) How many degrees does the temperature fall?~6 degrees or ~7 degrees

(c) What would be the time of the total eclipse? EXPLAIN.Around 12:30 pm

(d) Write a C-E-R argument in response to the following question: How does the solar eclipse affect the temperature of the ground?The solar eclipse made the ground temperature drop. IN THE GRAPH, at about 12:30 pm, which is about the time of the eclipse, the temperature dropped to about 18 degrees Celsius. THE GROUND TEMPERATURE DROPPED BECAUSE the moon covered the sun, blocking the sun’s heat, making the ground cooler.

Lesson 2: I can explain how the steps of the Earth, Sun, and Moon were formed.(10) What is wrong about the following diagram? Explain in complete sentences.

Galaxy and solar system should have been switched. There are many galaxies in the universe and many solar systems in galaxies.

(11) What are the three types of galaxies? How old are they and how do you know?Irregular – young because there is lots of gas and dustSpiral – medium aged because there is some gas and dustElliptical – old because there is little gas and dust for new stars; it is very bright

(12) What is a nebula?A cloud of gas and dust from an exploded star

(13) What is nuclear fusion? What kinds of objects in space have nuclear fusion?Nuclear fusion is the reaction that keeps stars shining. Only stars have nuclear fusion. Hydrogen + Hydrogen = helium

(14) What happens to star color, temperature, and size as stars get older?Color – turns redTemperature – cools offSize – expands

(15) Compare (find similarities) and contrast (find differences) the life cycle of an average star vs. a massive star.Similarities:

- They are both stars in the beginning- They both come from a stellar nebula- An average star and a massive star both start off their life in the same way- Both average and massive stars get bigger, more red, and cool off as they get older

Differences:- Massive star gets bigger as it ages- What happens at the end of the life cycle

o Massive star – supernova, black hole or a neutron staro Average star – planetary nebula, white dwarf

(16) List the planets in order starting with the one closest to the sun.Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

(17) Circle the planets above that are gas giants.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (JSUN)

(18) Use the picture at right to answer (a) – (c).(a) What would the watermelon represent?Sun

(b) How do the sizes of the rocky planets compare to those of the gas planetsRocky planets are smaller

(c) What is one thing that is inaccurate about the size comparison in this model?-Jupiter is not included-Neptune and Uranus should be more similar in size

(19) List the steps in the formation of the sun.1. Ancient star exploded, leaving a nebula2. Gravity pulled in swirls of gas and dust3. Nuclear fusion started, which brought the sun to life4. The explosion of nuclear fusion pushed gas and dust to the outer edges of the solar system

(20) List the steps in the formation of the earth.1. Ancient star exploded, leaving a nebula2. Rock, dust, metal, and gas are pulled into swirls by gravity, and earth forms at the center3. Debris (rock/metal) hit the Earth, adding to its sizeTHIS IS NOT THE SPOT FOR THEIA

(21) List the steps in the formation of the moon.1. Theia collides with Earth, exploding debris into space2. Gravity pulls debris back to the Earth and forms the moon3. Craters form on the moon by meteors hitting it

(22) Why does the moon have craters?Craters form on the moon by meteors hitting it

Lesson 3: I can explain the movement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon based on gravity and inertia.(23) What is inertia?Inertia is the tendency for an object to keep moving unless acted on by an outside force

(24) What is gravity?The attractive force that everything with mass has

(25) True/False._________ Ms. Puricelli has her own gravitational pull. true

_________ In space, a smaller planet would attract a larger planet. false

_________ On a planet with more gravity than Earth, you could use “the force” to pull objects toward you. false

_________ The universe could not exist without gravity. True/false

(26) What was the experimenter testing in this virtual lab?

Testing how the distance affects the strength of gravity

(27)Planet Mercury Venus Earth MarsMass (x1023) (kg)

3.3 49 60 6.4

Surface gravity (Earth = 1)

0.38 0.91 1.00 0.38

a) Label the x-axis and y-axis and title the graph.x-axis – Massy-axis Surface GravityTitle: Surface Gravity vs. Mass

b) Plot the data

c) Are mass and surface gravity directly or inversely proportional? Write a C-E-R argument.Mass and surface gravity are directly proportional. IN THE GRAPH, as mass goes up, so does surface gravity. MASS AND SURFACE GRAVITY ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL BECAUSE with more mass, there is more mass to do the pulling.

(28) Explain the relationship between gravity and mass using the words directly proportional or inversely proportional.As mass goes up, so does the strength of gravity

(29) Explain the relationship between gravity and DISTANCE using the words directly proportional or inversely proportional.As distance goes up, the strength of gravity goes down

(30) We learned that every object with mass has gravity. On earth, why isn’t a small marble pulled by gravity to a large elephant?The gravitational pull of the Earth is stronger than that of the elephant

(31) Why does the Earth not go crashing into the sun?1. Inertia fights against the force of gravity2. There is a pull from the other planets that keep it in orbit

(32) What causes orbits in space?1. Mass differences2. Inertia works in one direction and gravity works in the other direction

(33)

a) As the distance from the sun increases, the time it takes to orbit increasesb) Are orbit time and distance from sun directly or inversely proportional? Explain in a C-E-R argument.

Orbit time and distance are directly proportional. IN THE GRAPH, Pluto is farthest from the sun and has the longest orbit. ORBIT TIME AND DISTANCE ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL BECAUSE the farther you get from the sun, the more distance there is to cover and the less strong the gravitational pull of the sun.