Virusesand

Bacteria

Viruses• A virus is a piece of hereditary material (RNA or

DNA) that is covered by protein that infects and reproduces in living cells.

• Viruses are not considered living things because they are unable to reproduce on their own: they require a host cell.

• Viruses are extremely small, much smaller than bacteria cells.

• Active Viruses: The virus enters a host cell and become active right away by causing the cell to make new virus particles.

LABELACTIVE VIRUSES:

A: Viruses attach to cell.B: DNA/RNA injected into cellC: Virus takes control of cell & makes new virus particles.D: Cell bursts open releasing 100’s of viruses to infect more cells.

• Latent Viruses: The virus enters the host cell and becomes a part of the cell’s DNA without destroying the cell or making new virus particles. The virus can hide for years before it becomes active.

• Viral Diseases: Viruses can cause STDs. There are no antibiotic medications to cure viral diseases. Viral diseases can be prevented by vaccines.

• Parts of a virus are: DNA/RNA & protein

LABELLATENT VIRUSES

A: AttachB: Virus becomes part of cell’s DNA.C: Cell divides.D: Virus becomes active.E: New viruses are made.F: Cell breaks open releasing new viruses.

BACTERIA• All bacteria belong to the Kingdom monera.• Bacteria are one-celled organisms that do

not have a nucleus.• Bacteria reproduce by a process called

fission - when a parent cell splits to produce two new cells that are exactly alike.

• Some bacteria can also reproduce sexually by lining up beside each other and exchanging DNA. This process produces a cell that is different than the parent cells.

• Bacteria are everywhere- in the food you eat, in the air you breathe, and millions live in your body.

• Most bacteria are beneficial to us: however, some can cause disease.

• Many bacteria can cause STDs.• An organism, such as bacteria,

that can cause disease is called a pathogen.

• Diseases caused by bacteria are usually treated with antibiotics.

• An antibiotic is a substance produced by one organism that inhibits or kills another organism.

• For example, penicillin prevents bacteria cells from forming cell walls so they cannot survive.

• Some diseases can be prevented by vaccines.

• A vaccine is made from damaged or killed bacteria.

• Vaccines are injected into the body so that the white blood cells can recognize the bacteria.

• If they ever come in contact with the bacteria again, they can immediately attack and kill them.

• Parts of a Bacteria: cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall & Flagella, capsule, DNA

THE END