Name- Kamal Kant Soni Roll no.- pg-08-36 PGDM 1ST TRISEM.

Q - What is VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION? Ans. – The term virtual organization is used to describe a network of independent firms that join together, often temporarily, to produce a service or product. Virtual organization is often associated with such terms as virtual office, virtual teams, and virtual leadership. The ultimate goal of the virtual organization is to provide innovative, high-quality products or services instantaneously in response to customer demands. Virtual organization is a organization which have no physical existence but exists on internet electronically. Virtual organization is a dispersed network of skills and capability which distributed among various/multiple locations for bringing the skills and capability. It is a cooperation of institutes, organizations, firms that provide product and services on the basis of common business understanding. They present themselves as a unified organization.

Advantages:-

• Eliminate the physical boundary. • Allows organization to sell product worldwide with efficient

way.

• With good collaboration of vendor & supplier, it creates great business opportunity, lower operational cost & better market understanding.

• Gain competitive advantages and increase market share by selling product worldwide.

• To meet the dynamic demand of consumer and market.

Disadvantages:-

• Due to cultural difference, differ in working style, there may be conflict between organizations which work in cooperation.

• In core competence, in virtual organizations, other firms take advantages and share the intangible assets of each other which make some organization feel insecure in way of security of their property.

• Due to virtual existence, some people are hesitates in believing that organization rather than physical organization.

Identification of virtual organization

Dell Computers (US)-- For example, most of the components in a Dell computer are made by other companies while Dell focuses on its strengths--marketing, customer support and integration of these components into the final computer products.

When buying a computer from Dell, the virtual organization includes the Dell customer service rep, assembly line and assembly crew, supply people for various components, the UPS truck and driver who delivers the computer and people from MasterCard who pay for it. All of the inventory in the system, regardless of location and ownership of the company, can be viewed as a single system. Benefits may include overall lower inventory levels in the whole system and better customer service. For example, Dell tries to keep as little actual inventory on hand as possible.

This is the structure of virtual organization. In that diagram we can easily identify understand that some organization run their operation with cooperation. There is a core organization such like DELL and other subordinate firms that support core firm for running their business. In example, computer parts manufacturing, customer care services, master card for payment, logistic companies are the supporting companies which run their business with core firm DELL

After sales service

Manufacturing

(parts)

Logistic services

Payment (Master

card Services)

Customer care

service

Core firm,Mgmt,marketing

(DELL)

Q- What is LEARNING ORGANIZATION? Ans.- Learning organization is organization which keep it with rapidly changing environment with innovation and knowledge. Learning organization is organization which:-

• Learn from experience and experiment. • Encourage its employee for continues learning and critical thinking.

• Allow the mistakes by employee. • Acquire new knowledge from external environment for day to day activities.

So from the above explanation we can easily understand the learning organization. That organization’s major objective is to keep itself up to date with rapidly changing technologies and innovations as well as knowledge. The learning organization focuses on enhancing its systems (including people) to continually increase the organization's capacity for performance. Characteristics:-

• Self mastery individual - The ability to honestly and openly see reality as it exists; to clarify one's personal vision

• Mental models individual - The ability to compare reality or personal vision with perceptions; reconciling both into a coherent understanding

• Shared vision group - The ability of a group of individuals to hold a shared picture of a mutually desirable future

• Team learning group - The ability of a group of individuals to suspend personal assumptions about each other and engage in "dialogue" rather than "discussion"

Advantages:-

• Make superior performance and competitive advantages • Create better customer relationship • It improve the quality • Encourage for innovation • Keep up to date with technology • It make employees feel independent & free • It makes to understand risks more deeply

Disadvantages:-

• In traditional businesses, it get tough for employee to adopt new technology easily

• In fast rapidly environment, it create hurdle for organization to keep it up to date with each technology

• In some organizations, employee protest for new technologies and innovations.

Identification of learning organization:- If we see, we found a number of learning organizations around us because most of the organizations adopting the new theory that called “learning”. Mostly the garment sector and research and development sector are known mostly for learning because in research & development, then required to keep them

with the changes and technologies.