vinnova programme: industrial biotechnology for the
TRANSCRIPT
VINNOVA programme:Industrial Biotechnology for the production
of fine and platform chemicals
Patrick Adlercreutz, Dept. of Biotechnology, Lund University
Rajni Hatti-Kaul, Dept. of Biotechnology, Lund University
Development of process technology for immobilized biocatalysts.
• Cambrex Karlskoga• Perstorp Specialty Chemicals• GE Healthcare• Protista International• Lunds Universitet• SIK
Project partners
Demonstration processes
• Chiral amines• Dihydroxyaceton (DHA)• 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd (3-HPA)
Development of processes with immobilized whole cells
Purification and immobilisation of transaminase
• GE Healthcare supports• Other supports and methods
Chiral amines• Important bulding blocks in
pharmaceuticals• Chemical process
– High environmental impact– Difficult to reach high enough purity
• Enzymatic process– Cambrex has good enzymes– Need for process development
Enzymatic routes to chiral amines
NH2 ONH2
O NH2
2 +
pyruvate L-alanine
Resolution
(S)-transaminase
acetoneisopropylamine
(S)-transaminase
Asymmetric synthesis
(R)
(S)
Immobilization of transaminase-containing cells
Calciumalginategel
Titaniumoxide
Cell immobilization on titanium oxide
Titanium oxide particles Titanium oxide with cells
Transaminase immobilization. Effect of cell loading
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Loading (g cells / g carrier)
Res
idua
l act
ivity
(%)
TiOX
Ca- alginate
Transaminase immobilization. Operational stability
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 2 4 6 8 10
Batch no
Res
idua
l act
ivity
(%)
Titanium oxide
Ca-alginate
Dihydroxyacetone
• Acetic acid bacteria catalyse selective oxidation reactions
• Gluconobacter oxydans is a typical example
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O+ 0,5 O2 + H2O
Glycerol dehydrogenase
DHA processLimitations
• Inhibition/inactivation by glycerol• Inhibition/inactivation by DHA• Oxygen supply
Oxygen supply to cells in spherical particles
Oxygen is only present in the outer part of the sphere
The particle size has a big impact on the effectiveness factor
Production of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde
Glyceroldehydratase
Glycerol
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde
• Precursor for industrial chemicals - 1,3-propanediol, acrolein, acrylic acid, polymers
• Food preservative
Current mode of production
Propylene Acrolein
Ethylene
Hydration
* Product separation * Low product yield * Acrolein toxic
hydroformylation
Ethylene oxide3-HPA
Production Problems
Strategies for production
1. Fermentative production using Lactobacillus reuteri
• Reuterin, the antibacterial compound produced by L. reuteri is 3-HPA, HPA hydrate and HPA dimer
• Prevent the production of side-products- Metabolic engineering-Selectively extracting the product during fermentation
Glycerol 1,3-Propanediol
Glycerol
dehydratase
Propanediol
oxidoreductase
x2H2O
2. Biocatalytic process
• Recombinant glycerol dehydratase gene expressed in Escherichia coli
• High cell density reactor
• Continuous process
Strategies for production
Industrial biotechnology for the Industrial biotechnology for the production of platform chemicalsproduction of platform chemicals
20082008--20132013
RajniRajni HattiHatti--KaulKaul
Organic acids Organic acids are important building are important building blocks for large blocks for large number number of of chemicals used by Swedish industrychemicals used by Swedish industry
Biodiesel and oleochemicals
Organic acids as platform chemicalsOrganic acids as platform chemicals
• Important building blocks for C3-C6 chemistry• Biotechnology (anaerobic fermentation) – an important
mode for production• Bottlenecks in fermentative production
– Organic acid toxicity– Nutrient costs– Side products– Downstream processing resulting in waste build up
• Integration of biotech process downstream with the chemicals production
PlatformPlatform chemicalschemicals in this in this projectproject
• Propionic acid
• 3-Hydroxypropionic acid
Methacrylic acid
1,3-propanediol Acrylic acid
Amongst top 20 value added chemicals from biomass
OurOur planplan• Develop economically competitive process technology–
based on biotechnological production of organic acids
• Integrate biotechnology with the chemical processes for production of secondary chemicals
• Integrate production of bioenergy from fermentation residues
• Environmental and economic assessment to determinesustainability
• Set up a demonstration process
• Propionic acid•3-Hydroxypropionate
GlucoseGlycerol
•1,3-propanediol•Acrylic acid•Methacrylic acid
Biodiesel
•Coatings•Thermoplastics
•Polymers •etc. etc.
Platform chemicals
Secondary chemicals
RapeseedBarley residue
Biogas
residues
Fermentation
Anaerobicdigestion
PerstorpLyckeby
Indienz
PerstorpBona
Göteborgsenergi
Danisco
LU
Potential for Potential for improvementimprovement in in environmentenvironment
Platform organisms
• Propionibacterium sp.
• Lactobacillus sp. (native or engineered)
• Escherichia coli (metabolically engineered)
Microbial Production of Microbial Production of PropionicPropionic AcidAcid
Glycerol
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Phosphoenol pyruvate
Pyruvate
Oxaloacetate
Malate
Succinate
Propionate
Acetate
0.5 Glucose
NAD+
NADH2
ATPADP
ADP
ATP
ADPATP
ADPATP
NADH2NAD+ADP
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
2ATP 2ADP
NAD+NADH2
CO2
NADH2NAD+
NAD+
NADH2
• Reached productivity of 2-3 g l-1h-1 from glycerol using high cell density reactor
• Scale up being planned
• Enzymatic pretreatment of barley residues studied
• Process for production of methacrylic acid being set up
LCA of LCA of PropionicPropionic AcidAcid
• Swedish average electricity• Steam/heat produced with 75% wood
chips and 25% LPG• 100 g glycerol/l, 90% of max
conversion• Productivity is 2 g/l*h• Sterilization with steam• Multistage evaporation for separation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Bio-based Propionic acid Fossil-based Propionic acid
MJ/
kg
Process
Raw material
Separation
Fermentation
Potatoe juice
Glycerol
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Bio-based Propionic acid Fossil-based Propionic acid
g C
O2
eq/k
g
Product
Process
Raw material
Separation
Fermentation
Potatoe juice
Glycerol
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bio-based Propionic acid Fossil-based Propionic acid
g PO
43- e
q/kg
Process
Raw material
Separation
Fermentation
Potatoe juice
Glycerol
Primary energy consumption
Global warming potential
Eutrophication potential
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP
Succinic acid
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
1)
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction
2)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
3)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction
Glycerol
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
4)
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
Metabolic pathways for 3-HP production
5)
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction6)
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction
7)
Glycerol
3-hydroxy-propionaldehyde
3-hydroxypropionyl phosphate
3-HP3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
Poly(3-hydroxy-propionic acid)
Glucose
Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA Malonic acid
3-oxopropionic acid
Oxaloacetic acid Propionic acid Propionyl-CoA
Acroloyl-CoALactic acid Lactoloyl-CoA
α-alanine β-alanine
Aspartic acid
Succinic acid
MetabolicMetabolic pathwayspathways for 3for 3--HP HP productionproduction
ThankThank you for your you for your attentionattention
Putting the care into chemicals