vinay action2 research report

8/14/2019 Vinay Action2 Research Report

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A Report on the Study of MNREGS & Agriculture

system In Amreha village (Jasra Block)

(Allahabad)

Submitted to:

Prof. Pradeep Bhargva Dr. Sunit

Singh

Director, GBPSSI Programcoordinator

Allahabad MBA (RD)

By:

Vinay Kumar Mishra

Poonam Gwal

Ravi Kant Singh Yadav

Abhishek Tiwari

MBA-(Rural Development),

3rdSemester

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G.B. Pant Social Sciences Institute

Jhusi Allahabad

Contents

Acknowledgement.3

Introduction.........................................................................4

Summary ..............................................................................5-6

Objective of village visit.......................................................7

Methodology 8

MNREGS 9-13

Agribusiness Systems 14-18

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Acknowledgement

We be obliged our regards to our facilitator Mr. Chandra Parkash

for his commendable support. He arranged for our convenient

visit, which helped us to do our work smoothly.

We would like to give our sincere thanks to the Villagers of

Amreha, who provided us all the information that we needed.

Krishna Club members who provide us help in every stage

personally as well as the entire department.

We thanks to Dr. Neela Mukherjee and Professor Pradeep

Bhargava who taught us what Action research is theoretically,

correlates the action research tools with field visit. We want

especially thanks to Dr.Sunit Singh, under whose guidance we got

this opportunity. He explains the steps of Supply chain

management. We also add my gratitude to our faculty membersfor their incessant motivation and encouragement.

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We would also like to thank our college facilitators Mr. Vinay

Yadav & Mr. Vishnu Pandey for their support during our village

stay program.

Special regards to my partners Mr. Abhishek Tiwari, Mr. Ravikant

Singh Yadav and Ms. Poonam who supported me during our entire

visit.

Introduction

This time in the Intervention of rural area, we got the opportunityto study the status of NREGS and to see how NREGS function and

good agricultural practices Agribusiness systems at grass root

level, we study the aspirations of Kisan Club members and

important is the mutual understanding among them. We found

much help by checklist for completing our task. As a rural

development professional our objective was find out their

structure, working culture of development organization. We were

required to find out answers to following questions based on

interviews and group discussions: How it related with

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development. What are its different components/elements? Is it a

learning organization? What is womens role in the organizations?

Summary

Amreha village is agriculture based and it is a large source of

production of various types of vegetables. There people had less

amount of agriculture land but very fertile for agriculture. So

people who have less land as two Bighas they also produce

vegetables in satisfactory level for their family and for sold in

market. In 1 km far they sold their vegetables in a Jasra mandi. In

this report, we try to analyses their agriculture system and their

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agriculture related problems from production to procurement and

market related disparities. Our objectives were to drawn

agriculture related following informations from villager and know

the grassroots realities

Change in agriculture system from past to present time.

Agriculture practices Irrigation facilities

Pattern of cropping system

Impact of new technology on production system

Supply chain management facilities in village

Second part of the study was understood the impact of NREGA

and assessment of assets which made under NREGA. Are the

assets are using for village development or employment

generation activity. We assess various people views about Impact

of NREGA in their village and individual life, in which some job

card holders, school teacher, outsider which living near in the

village shopkeepers also. Our objectives were to drawn NREGArelated following informations from villager and know the

grassroots realities

All people share their views and gives suggestions to

improve NREGA condition in village.

More people said NREGA is a best employment guarantee

scheme but it cannot follow as a guideline basis,

The activities like Corruptions and illiteracy of villager

making NREGA not fruitful. It needs both sides

understanding to improve NREGA condition.

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At last, we try to correlate the NREGA work and

agriculture system. What are the interface between NREGA and

Agriculture system? How the NREGA relate works contributed in

well improvement in agriculture related problems as irrigation,

road linkage, Recharge of traditional ponds, lack of social forestry.

NREGA work helped to build good relationship between labors and

farmers, which is, founds contradictory to each other. Their good

relationship development gave satisfactory wage to labors in their

land cultivation; irrigation related works and farmer got good and

reliable workers for agriculture related works.

Objective of village visit

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Village visit in Amreha village of Jasra Block we had following

objectives

To Study the Agricultural System in grass-root level and

overview on supply chain management from producer to

consumer.

A supply chain management is a network of facilities and

distribution options that performs the functions of

procurement of materials, transformation of these materials

into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution

of these finished products to customers

Good or traditional agriculture practices and new

technological practices used in agriculture.

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Methodology:

1. Non-participant observation

2. Semi-structured interviews

3. Transact walk with the villagers and Kisan Club

4. Participatory Rural Appraisal

5. Use of 6 helpers i.e. what, why, when, how and how much,

whom and whose

6. Find Household details

7. Mechanism of job card registration

8. Check Issue of job card

9. Check Registration & application for job (work)

10.Impact on Wages, Income and Quality of Life

11.Impact on out-migration

12.Assessment of awareness and constraints of GP

functionaries

13.Verification of assets created under NREGS

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Agriculture system

Findings:

Good Agriculture Practices- People using cow dung onlyBio input and no traditional practice of making fertilizer. No

organic farming practice some government and privatecompanies comes for training of organic farming so some people

started to made organic compost but not regular in their work of

making. People do not want to do organic farming because it took

time to made and it not much increase in their production but

decrease their production. Farmers know excess use of chemical

fertilizer decreasing their land production capacity with passage

of time but they do not want to use compost fertilizer. They said

in less land they cannot profuse more from compost fertilizer and

they want easy way to got more production, at first they want to

live for their present and not conscious about future.

Caste settlement In Amreha village, Higher caste peopleare Kushwahas, Morya, Yadav involved in agriculture and lower

caste people as Bind, Dhaikar are labor.

Land distribution-highercast people had maximum land

was up to 30 Bigha only but production is good in 2 Bigha landalso.

Soil-There soil was very fertile so people mainly focused onproduction of vegetables.

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Crops Vegetables-Wheat, paddy, and seasonal vegetables.Main focus on seasonal vegetables and crops are less produce

because from crops they got less money cause of long time taken

in ready to sell, need more water for irrigation, labor need and

machinery like tractor, thresher, so crops sowing was costly forsmall farmer and less amount got cause fixed rate in mandi. In

producing of vegetables it taken less time to ready in 1 to 2

months only, no need labor, less water and in mandi they got full

payment, some time they got high rate for vegetables according

market demand but some time less loss on sell.

Irrigation facilities-Ponds, tube-well, wells and main was

canal. People paid 80 Rs. /hour in 1 Bigha. There are 6 ponds butonly one was using for irrigation which had low water level and

other 1 large and 4 small ponds are using in Fisheries under

NREGA.

Seeds- Farmers using Hybrid seeds of vegetables and paddybecause It is timely available in market and in fertile land it helps

in more production and good quality of vegetables. Second cause

was people had less agriculture land so they used excess quantity

of chemicals and chemical fertilizers as DAP, NPK mainly. Theycould not use to prepare seeds in home because less production

and hybrid seeds available in market .Hybrid seed of Paddy need

less use of water and in 1 Bigha they produce 20 quintal which is

much in one Bigha land. In tomato farming farmer use hybrid

seed it produce better quality and hard and less loss in tomato

procurement or sell in market.

Chemical Fertilizers-NPK, DAP, Potash, Zinc, Urea. Excess use

of chemicals increase their production but they using chemicals

only those vegetables which they sown for marketing purpose

and for their home consumption they sown vegetables separately,

because they know excess use of chemical effect in their health

and cause serious problems.

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Availability Of chemical fertilizers- Many time chemical

fertilizers not available in market so farmers bought in black

market. In cooperative Society seeds, fertilizer and chemicals not

access to poor people because society distribute large amount in

large farmers and small farmers not got fertilizers in time.

Marketing of vegetables & Grains- Amreha farmers sold their

vegetables in nearest mandi in small mandi, maximum supply of

vegetables from Amreha and nearest villages. Now days they sold

cabbage, which is maximum sown in village, according market

needs. Minimum rate was Rs.2 /100 and maximum rate was

Rs.8/100. Second number was potato which minimum rate was

Rs.60 /quintal and present time potato prize was Rs.18/kg. Many

time they got very less rate of vegetables or some time rate is

profitable cause of uncertainty in market demand and depends on

production.

Problems- In case of potato farmer produce old potato and in

mandi, new potato supply from Furukhabad and Kanpur mandi at

that time old potato rate goes down. In production of vegetables

villagers produce same vegetable in every one field so when one

vegetable much produced in village and in mandi they not gotminimum support prize. some its against production level less and

demand increase or rate high at that time large farmer got its

profit and small farmer loss.

Paddy and Wheat is main crop and its government rate is

Rs.1000/quintal. There is Buyer center old grains but payment

done by check, which is hectic for farmers. Check made from

Allahabad bank, which is far from village so scope not easily goes

far for only money. So people not sold their grain in mandi sold tomiddleman in less prize which is loss for them.

If a vegetable rate goes down people not sown that vegetable as

garlic rate was Rs.25/kg so people not sown garlic but now garlic

rate become Rs.60/kg now people felt loss why they not sown

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garlic. This problem shows without no forecast of future prize they

loss so farmer need information of future approximate rate of

vegetable and it demand. It is main cause of uncertainty for

farmer.

Farmer Club- There was farmer club but it was only for name

none of work they done from farmer club for other farmers. From

cooperative society farmer not got seed, fertilizer in time and

their people easily give small farmer only large farmer had access

to seeds and fertilizer in time. Small farmer goes to market.

Farmer club nothing doing in this direction.

ObjectiveTheir main objective was saving money this was the

main cause of formulation of their group. They were savingregular basis. In addition, saving habit made them free from

moneylender debt. Today they not go for money outside their

own money them using in their need and in problem time.

Mission-There mission was using money in sustainable resource

which help them lifetime support. They can enable to make

investments in health and education and assist her to build up

assets like housing. Other people inspire for Savings mobilization

through KISAN CLUB, which was highly effective too- especially in

a context of vulnerability of rural households to a range of

idiosyncratic and covariant risks, and ineffectiveness of informal

social networks in protecting them against such risk.

Vision -Kisan Club vision was to give well education for their

members about agricultural production. Develop a sustainable

livelihood option and use of money in future making of Villagers.

Kisan Club members were illiterate and very poor they had no

ability to deposited money regularly but they minimize their food

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related expense and save amount of money what ever decided

by groups per month. Therefore, they had no long-term goal and

mission for achieving any dream project. They want to safe their

present and future by saving habit.

Leadership style- There was one Head and one secretary or

treasurer who elected by Kisan Club members and it can be

changed if any head not well performing his work. So Kisan Club

seen as a leadership style group and every one had right to lead

or express their views.

Learning organization-Kisan Club was learning organization

because the members of Kisan Club always learn somethings by

formal training session of mandi Sameeti.

Womens role-It is not a woman Kisan Club, so women roles are

absent.

Output and outcome- There output was due to saving habit

they incresed savings money before formulation of Kisan Club.

They had nothing bank balance but today they saved money from

their less expenses.

Strength and weakness-There Strengths are as follows: as a

Team work felling, well interpersonal communication within the

group members. Their Weakness is uneducated, untrained

members. They had no information about banking facilities. They

need guidance and awareness about process of banking.

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Suggestion-Awareness about money invested in right place.

Need of short term trainings for increasing of income generation

activity.

Learning- From This community Organization I learned the lesion

as follows:

Improve saving habits for future it is need of everyone

without money we cannot imagine our life.

Now a days when we are paying for that natural thingswater, cool air which is natural resources then we should

learn use money in a best way and develop a saving habit

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Evaluation of NREGA-

Findings:

Descriptions of NREGA:NREGA is designed as a safety net

to reduce migration by rural poor households in the lean period

through A hundred days of guaranteed unskilled manual labor

provided when demanded at minimum wage on works focused on

water conservation, land development & drought proofing.

Notification of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

came in September 2005. It launched on February 2, 2006.

NREGA is the flagship programme of the UPA Government that

directly touches lives of the poor and promotes inclusive growth.

The Act aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in

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rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days

of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every

household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled

manual work. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)

is the flagship programme of Government of India, which is

unique and first of its kind.

Objective: The NREG Act guarantees every rural household up

to 100 days of wage employment in a year within a period of 15

days of demand for such employment. Among other things, suchas creation of sustainable assets, rural infrastructure, etc. the

scheme ensures better quality of life and enhanced income for

rural households by providing 100 days of employment in a

staggered manner which is intended to be utilized by the

beneficiaries in a rational and judicious way to combat drought,

distress migration and lean agricultural seasons, etc.

Objective of NREGA:

Augmenting wage employment. Strengthening natural resource

management through works that address causes of chronic

poverty like drought, deforestation and soil erosion and so

encourage sustainable development. Strengthening grassroots

processes of democracy Infusing transparency and accountability

in governance. Strengthening decentralization and deepening

processes of democracy by giving a pivotal role to the Panchayat

Raj Institutions in planning, monitoring and implementation.

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Unique Features of NREGA: Time bound employment

guarantee and wage payment within 15 days. Incentive

disincentive structure to the State Governments for providing

employment as 90 per cent of the cost for employment provided

is borne by the Centre or payment of unemployment allowance at

their own cost and emphasis on labor-intensive works prohibiting

the use of contractors and machinery. The Act mandates 33

percent participation for women.

NREGA implementation :The following image shows the key

processes in the implementation of NREGA .Cost sharing: Central

Government 3/4th, State Government 1/4th Adult members of

rural households submit their name, age and address with photo

to the Gram Panchayat. The Gram Panchayat registers

households after making enquiry and issues a job card. The job

card contains the details of adult member enrolled and his /her

photo. Registered person can submit an application for work in

writing (for at least fourteen days of continuous work) either to

Panchayat or to Programme Officer. The Panchayat/programme

officer will accept the valid application and issue dated receipt of

application, letter-providing work will be sent to the applicant and

also displayed at Panchayat office. The employment will be

provided within a radius of 5 km: if it is above 5 km extra wage

will be paid If employment under the scheme is not provided

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within fifteen days of receipt of the application daily

unemployment allowance will be paid to the applicant.

Monitoring & Evaluation done in NREGA:The Ministry

has set up a comprehensive monitoring system. For effective

monitoring of the projects 100% verification of the works at the

Block level, 10% at the District level and 2% at the State level

inspections need to be ensure. These convergence efforts will add

value to NREGA, works and aid in creating durable efforts and

also enable planned and coordinated public investments in ruralareas.

Evaluation of NREGA: Assessment of the effectiveness of

the scheme vis--vis achievement of its desired goals and

objectives depends on (a) gauging the outcome of the scheme

and (b) analyzing the extent of implementation of the guidelines

enshrined in the NREG Act in letter and spirit.Impact of NREG: Female-headed household participation in

the works is very encouraging ranging from 12 to 52 percent.

Though the scheme envisages at least one-third of the total

person-days to be ear marked for women participants, it is too

early to judge on this point since the effective time duration of the

scheme in these 20 districts is uneven and in some cases the

scheme hardly taken off.

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Critical Issues of NREGA, how they are address -

Issues Related to Job Cards:

To ensure that rural families likely to seek unskilled manual labor

are identifying & verify against reasonably reliable local data base

so that non-domiciled contractors workers are not used on

NREGA works.

Issues Related to Selection of Works:Selection of

works by gram sabha in villages and display after approval of

shelf of projects, to ensure public choice, transparency and

accountability and prevent material intensive, contractor based

works and concocted works records.

Issues related to Execution of Works:At least half the

works should run by gram Panchayat. Maintenance of muster roll

by executing agency numbered muster rolls, which only show job

card holders must be found at each work to prevent contractor

led works.

Issues related to measurement of work done:

Regular measurement of work done according to a schedule of

rural rate sensitive Supervision of Works by qualified technical

personnel on time.

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Issues related to Payments: Payment of wages through

banks and post offices to close avenues for use of contractors,

short payment and corruption.

Grass-roots level difficulties: In Amreha village Pradhan

shared his difficulties in implementation of NREGA was that in

roads contraction work interlocking blocks were using and it

needs very less labour so beneficiaries are angry to Pradhan

because he using less people in road making work and Pradhan

said it is order from Zila Panchayat to used interlocking blocks in

road making.

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Observations on Payment of Wages:

gender-biased wages

Bank A/c in Bara block but pass book not given so delay of

payment,

Work-site and muster roll Observations:

1. Basic facilities i.e., sheds, drinking water, crche, are not give

to workers.

2. Participation rate of women is satisfactory

Positive Impact of the Scheme:

1. Creation of durable assets at village and household level There

3 small and 1 large ponds made under NREGA in which fisheries

are done by village people. Every pond distributed to beneficiaries

and they earn their livelihood from fishes selling.

2. NREGA no effective in arresting out-migration because people

migrate in Amreha village for stone breaker work there they got

150 Rs. per day and according to work so lacking people inworking NREGA. Another cause was new check payment system

is hectic for rural poor to go bank and there many days taken in

opening account and formalities in banking system.

Difficulties in compliance of features of the NREG Act:

No facilities of drinking water, shelter, primary health care or

child care for working mother children.

No attendance record of labours in working site.

Not complete work of 100 days in a year.

Gender biasness in assigning of work.

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Pass book made but not distributed

Many beneficiaries not got payment of work and some

people got less than their work

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vinay action2 research report

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