viktor schauberger- austrian patents (vortex control of wate

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Viktor SCHAUBERGERAustrian Patents

(Water Control by Vortex Action)

Our Darling:Viktor Schauberger

( 1885 - 1958 )

English Translations/Transcriptions:Austrian Patent # 113,487: Construction for Creating Wild Brooks & FlowRegulationAustrian Patent # 122,144: Artificial Channel for Transporting LogsAustrian Patent # 134,543: Conduction of Water in Tubes & ChannelsAustrian Patent # 136,214: Installation & Correction of Flow in DrainingChannels...Austrian Patent # 138,296: Water ConductionAustrian Patent # 142,032: Construction for Fabricating Tap Water...

Viktor Schauberger: Austrian Patents (Vortex Control of Water Flow) 5/22/13

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Austrian Patent # 166,644: PlowAustrian Patent # 196,680: Tubing for Flowing & Gaseous MediaAustrian Patent # 117,749: Jet TurbineFrench Patent # 1,057,576: Processes and Equipment for the Conveyance ofLiquid, Gaseous or Aeriform Media Processes [ &c ]...Austrian Patent # 145,141: Air TurbineBritish Patent # 1,187,632: Apparatus for Agitating Body of FluidUS Patent # 1,775,871: Apparatus & Method for Sorting Wood

Schauberger's Patents( PDF Format, requires Adobe Reader )

Austrian Patent # 113,487 Einbau zur Wildbachverbauung und Flussregulierung 6-10-1929Austrian Patent # 113,848 Verfahren und Vorrichtung, um beim Schwemmen verschiedeneHolzsortimente voneinander zu trennen 7-25-1929Austrian Patent # 113,526 Vorrichtung zum Heranziehen und berfhren von Holzsortimenten ausFangstauen in die Schwemmstrasse 6-10-1929Austrian Patent # 113,772 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslnden und Weiterbefrdern vonLanghlzern aus Schwemmanlagen 7-10-1929Austrian Patent # 114,660 Auslnde- und Sortieranlage fr verschiedene auf Schwemmstrassengebrachte Hlzer 10-25-1929Austrian Patent # 117,749 Strahlturbine EC: IPC: C02F1/00; C02F1/00 5-10-1930Austrian Patent # 118,713 Auswurfvorrichtungen fr Langholz u. dgl. aus Transportvorrichtungen,Riesen, Transportbndern u. dgl. 8-11-1930Austrian Patent # 122,144 Knstliches Gerinne zum Schwemmen von Holz u. dgl. 4-10-1931



Austrian Patent # 125,819 Einrichtung zum Transport von Langhlzern 12-10-1931Austrian Patent # 134,543 Wasserfhrung in Rohren und Gerinnen EC: E02B5/00; E03F3/04; (+2) IPC: E02B5/00; E03F3/04; F15D1/06 (+5) 8-25-1933Austrian Patent # 136,214 Anlage und Einrichtungen zur Regelung des Abflussgerinnes von Staubeckenund Festigkeitserhhung deren Abschlussdammes 1-10-1934Austrian Patent # 138,296 Wasserfhrung 7-10-1934Austrian Patent # 142,032 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Quellwasserhnlichem Trinkwasser EC: B01F3/04C8G; B01F3/08F3; (+6) IPC: B01F3/04; B01F3/08; B01F5/06 (+17) 6-11-1935Austrian Patent # 143,069 Verfahren zum Heben von Flssigkeiten oder Gasen 10-10-1935Austrian Patent # 145,141 Luftturbine 4-10-1936Austrian Patent # 166,644 Bodenbearbeitungsgert 8-25-1950Austrian Patent # 196,680 Rohrleitung fr Flssige und Gasfrmige Medien 3-25-1958German Patent # 809,725 Bodenbearbeitungsgeraet EC: A01B35/26 IPC: A01B35/26; A01B35/00 8-02-1951French Patent # 763,215 Conduite d'Eau EC: F15D1/06B IPC: F15D1/06; F15D1/00 4-26-1934French Patent # 785,965 Procd d'Obtention d'une Eau Potable Analogue l'Eau Minrale EC: B01F3/04C8P IPC: B01F3/04; B01F3/04 8-23-1935French Patent # 1,057,576 Procd et Dispositif pour la Commande de Processus de Dcomposition oude Composition Molculaires dans des Milieux en Mouvement EC: B01D3/12; B01J19/08; IPC: B01D3/12; B01J19/08; B01J19/24



3-09-1954USP # 1,775,871 Method and Apparatus for Assorting Timber EC: B07C5/14 IPC: B07C5/14; B07C5/04 9-16-1930German Patent # 1,442,734 Engine Exhaust System (Walter Schauberger) Classification: - international: B01D53/86; B01J19/24; B01D53/86; B01J19/24; -European: B01D53/86; B01J19/24B 11-21-1968

Austrian Patent # 113,487 (June 10, 1929)

Construction for Creating Wild Brooks & Flow Regulationby

Viktor SchaubergerThe invention corresponds to a construction for creating wild brooks and flow-regulationthrough the speed of water that is dammed, so that with oriented stones no destructionmay come along the course of the waterpath through the damming constructs, and toplace the central line of the watercourse in the middle of the stream.The invention is illustrated in the drawings; Figure 1 is an example of water-conductionand damming in the shape of transversely-placed dams.The dams (1) are hollow and made of concrete placed and anchored to the ground withsuitable anchors (2), so that they cannot be displaced by the streaming water. Thestriations are placed against the direction of the waterflow, upon which the water runsand along which it will sluice; through this coursing the water loses the greatest portionof its energy and does not strike too hard against the placed dams, forcing them out ofplace.The dams can be placed at far or close distances from each other in the course of theconstructed brook. In order to lay the theoretical middle of the stream in the midst of theflow in far-off places and also to prevent the destruction of the river shore througherosion, we will place constructions by the sides of the flow that will act as dams as seenin Figure 2. In this figure the dams are indicated by (3), while the stones are placed at(4) in opposite places. The middle line of the waterflow (5) runs through them asillustrated.Figure 3 shows in greater detail one of such constructs and Figure 4 a transverse cutthrough one of them.The constructions (3) are essentially triangular-shaped, and are jammed into the soilagainst the shore so as to elevate and make the water flow towards a middle point.The effect made by these constructions is further illustrated in Figure 4, where thedashed line (6)-(6) in the transversal cut of the ground before the construction, whichobliges the ground to place itself along the dashed line because of the disturbedwaterflow.The oriented stones are placed between the constructions (3) and this builds a zone of



still water close to them, next to the shore, and also serves the purpose of directing thewaterflow and to protect the shores from erosion through water (Figure 3). The full line(5) indicates the middle of the stream in the corresponding construction, while dashedline (5) indicates the middle line in the brook under the influence of the constructs.Figures 1-4

Austrian Patent # 122,144 (April 10, 1931)

Artificial Channel for Transporting Logsby Viktor Schauberger

The transportation of logs and other varied loads through water channels and otherartificial channels, though its low cost makes it competitive against other transportationmeans, suffers under the condition that when moving along the water flow some logs,especially in curves, tend to remain stuck and in this way sop the following logs,diminishing the general speed of the transport. This is especially true for hard anddense woods that remain at the bottom of the channel and move forward very badly.It is known that the speed displayed by logs in water channels is greater than that of thewaterspeed; at those places the speed of the logs greatly surpasses that of thetransporting medium and it is seen from Figure 1 that the floating log creates a frontalwave (0) as it moves.



While lighter wood (Figure 2) floats without problems, heavier wood sits at the bottomof the channel (Figure 3) and remains stuck; therefore the water impulse in channels isnot enough to produce the usual motion through sliding without external water spillage.The invention pertains to a discovery that corrects these evils, namely the elimination ofwater spillage through the implanting of wedges made of wood and the transportation ofhard and dense woods through sliding in the channels.The speed of the water depends overall also on its sliding over the channel walls; in theusual slanted channels, this important factor is eliminated because of their construction.The channels cross-section is not semi-circular or straight, but rather, as seen inFigures 2, 3 and 4, semicircular (B) with an added semicircular bottom (U) which radiusis half that of the upper portion (B), so that along the line (E)-(F) in Figures 2 and 3, aresting portion (L) can be included; the internal wall at the upper semicircular portion isof striated material (unretouched cement, directionally nailed wood, etc.), and theunderlying portion (U) of a sliding material (flattened cement, polished wood, etc.), sothat the water speed in the lower region (U) is much greater than in the upper part (B).This causes at once the sinking of water in the middle of the stream (Figure 4); inpractice, when a weight falls a certain distance, the water striking against the striatedchannel walls moves further, maintaining the mass (H) in the midst of the flowingmedium by means of the polished underzone (U) that displaces the water faster.When transporting floating light woods (Figure 2), this will not cause any disorder in theflow of water, for the underzone (U) will run faster than the upper zone (B); in this mannerit will not be necessary to build dams outside the channel to contain the spilled water.From light woods we expect little problem, but with hard and dense wood we mustexpect it to sink deeper and to advance with difficulty, so that this kind of wood will sinkitself into the faster-running underzone (U), and advance in this fashion as if advancedby a transporting band.When transporting hard and dense woods (Figure 3), different laws come into play; thewholly submerged log (H) is entirely in the faster-running water, so that the pressureupon (E) and (F) of the submerged sliding skids (L) makes them enter into action, forthis time the usual impulse of water is not enough to make the log (H) advance. If thesemeans are not added the logs must remain stuck in the bottom of the channel.In opposition to the present (1931) transportation of hard wood through channels builtwith hardened materials, the dense and hard wood will be transported by doubly-concave channels with wall built with lighter materials, for they are not obliged towithstand such heavy loads. In curves, where the moving wood is obliged to follow themwe can, through the proper construction (Figure 5) of the channel, with only a one-sidedchannel wall, make the log move towards the outside where it will be held by the runningwater along the curve; if need be, we can add sliding skids (L) as seen, which can beimproved by the addition of wheels.Figures 1-5



Austrian Patent # 134, 543 ( August 25, 1933 )

Conduction of Water in Tubes & Channelsby Viktor Schauberger

This invention relates to the concentration of flowing water within polished conduits(pipes), channels and tubes, so as to increase the amount of flowing medium passingthrough them.The inventor has discovered that when a certain kind of turbulence happens in flowingwater, then a temperature difference takes place within it, producing also a difference inthe water speed, and that this happens especially in Waltz-like flows.It is known that to hinder sedimentation, water channels and tubes are built of circularcross-section, so that the flowing medium may drag with itself any sediments left; this isto provoke a screw-like movement of water so that it may attract all particles in its path.This invention pertains to a further development of this principle, to drag sedimentedmasses with moving water.The main idea of this invention is seen in Figure 2, where the usual path of flowingwater (4) is detoured by a wedge-shaped device into a different way (5).Figure 5 shows an improvement of this idea by adding striations (6) to the wedgeplaced on the inner wall of a channel or tube.In Figure 1, we see the wedges grouped (2)-(2)-(2") in groupings of three, andproducing as a result the screw-like flow (3)-(3)-(3") through the internal portion of the



conduit (1).This makes the waterflow concentrate at the center of the tube, with a concentricalmotion, dragging along any particles left upon the walls.Figure 3 also shows, in a lateral view, how the normal water path (4) is changed to aconcentrical one (5), to generate a concentrical flow in the flowing medium.Figure 4 shows how open semi-circular channels can also be adapted to the samepurpose.Figures 1-5

Austrian Patent # 136,214 (January 10, 1934)

Installation & Correction of Flow in Draining Channels by aContention & Stabilization of Dammed Water

byViktor Schauberger

This invention pertains to an installation related to the conduction and regulation of flwoin water channels by contention and stabilization in higher levels by means of dams



integrated into them that depend on the outer temperature of flowing water and mixing atwill of light and hard water conducted out of the basin by its own means, with which it isconvenient to direct the outer-flowing hard water for cooling the layers of lateral walls ofthe dam of the basin, as will be shown herein.It is known that for the management of water channels in all channel-building techniquesthat a weighty argument, such as water temperature in earth vessels and airtemperature as the temperature difference between still and running water, is always leftout; and it is also known that the temperature differences between two or morewatercourse modifies their speed when they mix.So far, only through artificial constructs in dams, the naturally-built water channelsrunning underground or only through ramparts (where only hard water with a temperatureclose to +4 degrees C. comes out), or by means of aquaducts placed atop dams(through which channels of only light water of high temperature flows), find obstacles intheir coursing through the channel and cause erosion in their shores.However, through a channel can also flow those waters with the corresponding righttemperature, so that they can be directed to damming the water masses and to diminishtheir forward-going impulse or to increase their speed and their forward-going impulsein the willed direction. We can also affect works of shore-correction just by correctregulation of water temperature and also through the emplacement of dams whichcapacity of endurance is directly proportional to the amount of water dammed and alsoto achieve an obstacle-free flow of water. The widening of the channel through theemplacement of stones or elimination of same (ballast banks) and the elevation of theshore, especially in curves, can be made by the corresponding directing, but usuallyprovokes a counterflow that erodes the whole work. Through several devices that will beexplained here, it is possible to steer both light and hard waters, corresponding to thetemperatures of each and also to the related fall of temperature, so that by means hereinexplained each water will run along its own level.At the same time with the regulation of the waterflow, it is necessary to install in theconstruction of the closing dam of the basin, pipes that will effect the cooling of thedams pores through the sides of the dam by means of small watercourses directedthrough the materials.Then as temperature diminishes, the water within the dams pres loses its attraction fordissolving salt and other stuffs, until it reaches its balance point at +4 degrees C, atwhich its capacity for dissolving is the least and the filtration in the dams wall is thestrongest. So far, it is then when the light water infiltrated in the wall for cooling will goinside the materials through the pores; in this moment, the channel walls close to thedam are filled with hard water at a temperature of +4 degrees C, which lose their saltsinto the neighboring ground as they move, creating in a few weeks of impregnation afurther barrier against erosion, and if frost comes, it will also contribute to thestrengthening of the wallsIn the drawings we find a further explanation of a device for this kind of installation; it isseen in transverse cut in Figure 1 and in upper view in Figure 2; at Figure 3 we see aninternal cutaway view of the apparatus for steering water.For the sake of regulating the flow of cold hard water and warm light water, groundnozzles (O) are placed in the dam chamber (K) of basin (B) on both sides of the dam,which doors are activated through a floating device (G) that moves because oftemperature differences. The pipes (W) of the nozzle (O) lead up to the upper-placedpotion (K1) where the flow conduits (U1)-(U2)-(U3), which are closed through gravity-activated valves (V1)-(V2), branch in different heights from the upper-going pipe (W),and that lead further into the lateral wall of the basin, spreading out there into the



corresponding casts. At the foot of the dams internal wall will be conveniently placed theoutstanding portion (K2) to produce a whirling and better mixing of the water massesflowing over the wall. The door (T) in the nozzle (O) cleaves the soil of the water channel,sinking itself into it, and is connected vertically by means of a shaft (F), coursing insidethe dams wall (H), with the floating device (G) that is built as a submersible bell. In theillustrated wall (H), we find at different heights over the ground-nozzle (O) tube-shapedoutlets (A) that communicate with the tube leading upwards to the bell (G) and allow theautomatic emptying of the water basin.When the pipe (W) is allowed to fill through the opening of door (T), it will allow acommunication between the pipe and the basin that will release pressure from door (T)unilaterally, and in this fashion allow its free motion upwards. The door (T) should be builtof wood to allow the free motion of the bell (G) when the right water level is attained. Thefloating bell (G), which connecting shaft (F) goes downward, can in this fashion, andbecause of the only motion it is allowed to make, float upwards; the bell (G) in Figure 3has an air valve (P) through which opening can be introduced pressurized air within, sothat the door (T) will be activated at once. Through both an open end and with theoutstanding tube (R), we can create a flow of water through the floating up or down of thebell.When the diving bell is fully sunk, without any air margin, it acts to totally close the valve;and when we inject air within it, then raises to allow the opening of door (T).In normal work, the atmosphere imprisoned within the bell (G) is equal to the usualatmospheric pressure and thus the outer temperature of the environment acts as acontrol; depending on the imprisoned air volume within (G), the outer temperature willmake it raise or descend, allowing the steering of door (T) upwards, so that the mass ofhard water that will be conducted through the nozzle (O), the pipe (W) and the flow tubes(U1)-(U2)-(U3), will depend on the changes of outer temperature; the light water flowsover its own flowing plate placed atop the dams crown in the basin.The interpenetration of light and hard waters can be improved through the construct (K2)placed at the foot of the dams inner wall, and also because of the fact that hard waterfalls vertically while light water does so spirally through flow tubes (U1)-(U2)-(U3), so thatduring their fall they will combine.Through heating from the suns rays, the diving bell (G) will further raise the door (T), andthrough the channel a greater percentage of hard water will be eliminated with respect tothe light water that flows over the dams top, and instead with cooler externaltemperatures the door (T) will remain either totally or almost totally closed and thechannel will only conduct warm overflowing liquid.For a better mixing of light and hard water flowing over the dams top, I have placed theflow tube (U2) in the lower part of the dams wall (K), so that it or (T) will prevent thewater from overflowing the basins level.The water flowing within the dams lateral walls contributes to further cooling them andalso to leave deposited salts and other stuffs that it loses when reaching a temperatureof +4 degrees C.By opening the flow tube (U3) atop the dams wall, the upper portion of the dam can beaffected as indicated in the former paragraph; the welfare of the dams wall (in all itsportions) needs this process of impregnation so that its pores are closed and nofiltration may happen.The upper plate (M) serves to allow the overflowing of light water and to separate thehard water flowing through the conduit (U3), thus helping to further its endurance.



Figures 1-3

Austrian Patent # 138,296 (July 10, 1934)

Water Conductionby

Viktor SchaubergerThis invention pertains to a further improvement of the tubes and channels shown inAustrian Patent # 134,543, where the water flowing within a conduit is led into themiddle of the pipe to force it to effect a circular motion, as seen in the forementionedpatent.This invention pertains to an improvement of said idea by conveniently placing in thewaters path a device to produce whirling motions in the fluid.The simple emplacement in the outer zone of the device will create turbulence betweenthe center and the perimeter, so as to generate a well-defined flow zone in the centerand layers of well-established stability from the perimeter inwards. The emplaceddevices are of the kind illustrated in Figure 1, where we have an element (2) with its twoends bent (4)-(5) and striations dug out at the back (6); this device, when inside the tube(1) as seen in Figure 2, will meet the incoming flow and twist it along the new path (3),so as to createa circular motion in the liquid.Figure 3 shows the device of Figure 1 straightened out so as to show its true shape.



Figures 1-3

Austrian Patent # 142,032 (June 11, 1935)

Construction for Fabricating Tap Water like that of Natural Springsby

Viktor SchaubergerIt is known that, to fabricate mineral water through devices, without any unhygieniccondition in the pipes or through the mixing of salts and compressed gases underpressure of at least 2-3 atmospheres, this is usually made under an even higherpressure.It is also known that to generate soda water the water will be mechanically made to flowthrough carbonic acid under a pressure of 12 atmospheres, so that the correspondingenrichment in the forementioned cells make the water "active". In other procedures, thisis done through "cracking".The creation of artificial mineral water will also include carbonic acid under more or lessgreat pressure of at least 1 atmosphere, so that the salts will mix evenly, as is done inseveral kinds of mineral water; and in other kinds of waters there is a slight dissolutionof carbonates (for example, sodium bicarbonate) that also include carbonic acid,obtaining from this a prickling taste. In the forementioned procedures it is necessary, forproducing a good mineral water, that the ingredients not be in free form but incombination and in relation so that the final product be as similar as possible to natural



combination and in relation so that the final product be as similar as possible to naturalspring water.As shown in the Figure 1, sterilized water flows through cold mercury light in tube (M)and mixes with the diluted salts coming from (1). In container (C) the mentioned salts arediluted in water and well mixed by revolving fan (G). The mixture and kinds of salts directthemselves naturally through the sterile water outlet, and do so with different andpermanent degrees of hardness.On the other side, so that the concentration is not too high, the artificially generatedmineral waters hardness must not exceed factor 12 so that industry may not behindered by it; anyway, outgoing water needs for every 10 liters output 1 liter of dilutedsalts in the following constituency and proportions:Sodium Chloride (NaCl), 0.02 gr Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4), 0.02 gr Sodium Biphosphate (NaPh2), 0.02 gr Potassium Nitrate (KNO3), 0.008 gr Calcium Oxide (CaO), 0.2 grThe kind and proportion of these salts are the results of several hundreds ofexperiments. While the calcium oxide dissolves itself in water, on the other hand thecalcium hydrate is very sensitive to the oxygen in the carbonic acid, and thus is affectedby it and the mercury light.For the sake of regulating the liquid flowing out of the container (C), this is inside at aconstant pressure of 0.1 atmosphere = 1 meter of acid water; the concentrated dilutedsalts will fall dropping along the pipe (1) and when mixed with the contents from (A) willflow into the apparatus (D) which turns them into droplets, where they will jump from theoutflow holes of pipe (N) towards the walls of the apparatus (D); during the process thewater already processed through carbonic acid will flow outside through the tube (K).The droplets of both mixed liquids fall downwards and mix in the way as happens innature, where the droplets of rain first lose their salts and diluted gases when hitting theground. This mixed water flows within and through the tulip-glass device (E), where italways goes up in the outer tulip glasses and down in the inner ones, so that it will passinto the other following tulip-glass vessel after it has climbed into the innermost one ofthe former stage and thus continues its flow. The water makes a meandering motion tocarry on the following indicated goal.The gas, especially carbonic acid, collects itself in the upper portion of the tulips and willthen, through the corresponding growing pressure, flow through pneumatic tube (R), inwhich fine nozzles is also injected water for flowing, so that the carbonic acid that is notalready combined with the water will be later. On the axis of this devices stages areplaced alternately gold and silver foils, isolated form each other; between both metalsthere is an electric potential that creates a reduced ionization in the flowing liquid.In its further motion, water penetrates into the main mixer (F), which is insulated againstheat and silvered within, and within which is located an upwardly spiraling path whichdirection of winding goes against that of the snail and is made out of wire mesh.On the spirals surface are orderly placed cooling spirals that take the temperature ofwater from 17 degrees C to 4 degrees C. The goal of this temperature fall is to properlycombine the chemical elements. The absorption of the gases in water will be increasedby the cooling, and otherwise makes possible the combination and enrichment of freecarbonic acid of the resulting masses without the use of pressure.The Ca(HCO3)2 presents a weak exterior combination that the enrichment with the



forementioned carbonic acid had worked out, but the enrichment of Ca(HCO3)2 withcarbonic acid is possible only through cooling in water and the maintenance of an eventemperature.The temperature of outflowing water must not be over 20 degrees C and its finaltemperature (once it was processed) should not be over 4 degrees C; it must also betaken into consideration that the speed of flow must not be too fast to allow the propermixing of liquids; after leaving the container (F), the liquid is made to flow through goldand silver foils until it reaches vessel (I), which is divided into chambers (G) and (H).First, the water that overflows from (G) falls into chamber (H), and so on out of the device(Z).By the treatment of water as indicated, many reactions are produced; first of all, thewater is made wholly drinkable. It is also necessary to eliminate any possible exposureto light during the process, for light falling on the treated liquids produces a loss ofquality in the final results.Figure 1



Austrian Patent #166,644 (August 25, 1950)

Plowby

Viktor SchaubergerIt resulted from numerous experiments that a better plowing of the soil can be achievedwith copper-covered plows instead of using plows made of iron or steel. This differencebecomes stronger when one notices that the speed of plowing becomes faster and thatthe friction between the ground and the corresponding portion of the plow is greater.This effect of greater speed produces the slow disintegration of the copper cover, andthe minute copper particles deposited in the soil produces a catalytic effect that in turngenerates better water retention in the ground and also a further increase in the qualityof plowing.These findings were made when passing a plow which body was either covered orentirely made of copper.But as the building in whole of the plow with copper is disadvantageous, it will beconvenient to cover those portions with copper layers in hardened condition, which canbe made through several different methods. The deposit of copper particles under theground does not break the magnetic permeability of the soil, as does iron or steel.Two embodiments are shown in the illustrations. Figures 1 and 2 show a lateral viewand Figures 3 and 5 show a transverse cut, a longitudinal cut, and one plowingprotrusion.In Figures 1 and 2 is illustrated a plow with point (1) made of steel as usual, but it canalso be covered with the corresponding copper cover; this portion cuts through theground, generating friction in the process; another is in the smaller portion (2), uponwhich upper portion there is usually a small heap of sol because of pressure when theplow moves forward. It will be furnished with an endtail (3), also made of copper, that willcreate a "screwing" motion in the soil by means of sunk "screw" (4) located at portion(2). In order to make the whole of this latter portion hard enough, it must be hammeredduring construction.The plowing protrusion (5), corresponding to Figure 3 to 5, is made with a backwardopen sheet (6) of copper; to fasten upon the protrusion the usual arrow, we use lock (7)of protrusion (5) placed at a high location and which is furnished with the correspondingkey; here it is also convenient to place the copper cover by hammering upon theprotrusion.Figures 1-5



Austrian Patent # 196,680 (March 25, 1958)

Tubing for Flowing & Gaseous Mediaby

Viktor SchaubergerAlready there are many propositions for the conduction of fluid or gaseous media so asto eliminate losses in pressure or speed of motion. Thus it is to prevent the formation ofair vesicles that it is suggested an increase in resistance to flow as in British Patent#409,528, wherein is described a tubing that has spirals engraved within and whicharea in transverse section will be limited by two segments of circle arcs.From the British Patent #28,543 (1913) comes a tube which transverse section is egg-shaped, which is furnished with guiding means to prevent the formation of water whirls.In the US Patent #1,655,197, as in the Swiss Patent #126,637, are indicated eitherconical or cylindrical tubes for the sake of limiting the sedimentation where the tubeserves as axis for the dragging of sediments; this is further explained in Austrian Patent#28,099 exhibiting indented piping.This invention pertains to a tube for flowing and gaseous media to prevent the formationof incrustations and to hinder the loss of flow speed, which cross-section is made out ofseveral circle arcs, being the tube wound helically and having its cross-section an egg-shape with an indentation (Figure 1), and helically wound (Figures 2-4) around differentforms.



With the aid of such tubing, the reduction in friction losses and the hindrance ofincrustations within the pipe will follow; for the sake of increasing the former properties itis convenient to wrap the tubing and its cover around circular conduits. This axis ofwinding will also serve as axis for dragging along sedimentary materials, and will alsocontribute to reduce in scale the cross-section of the tube for winding.Figure 1 shows the cross-section of the proposed tubing, and Figures 2-4 the differentways of winding the conduit.In Figure 1 is shown the employed egg-shape with an indentation close to the (---) line;the winding of the conduit can be made as shown in Figures 2-4 around an imaginarysolid or in the form of a circular spiral, or in any other convenient way.In the winding or in its cover, in Figures 3 and 4, we can scale the shape of the windingto make it turn around those imaginary bodies or in a straight line. One can also arrangethe tubing, in relation to the fluids conducted, to make the axis of winding equal to theone of dragging sedimentary materials to reduce incrustations and losses in flow speed.Figures 1-4

Austrian Patent # 117,749 ( 10 May 1930)Jet Turbine

Viktor Schauberger



The object of the invention is a hydro-electric device, which exploits the kinetic energy ofa water jet for the purposes of generating electricity.The invention is characterised by a cone-shaped rotor, whose apex points towards theoutlet opening, and rotates about an axis common to both rotor and water jet. The outerface of the cone is formed of upward-facing, concave, corkscrew-like blades. In this waythe water-jet is split up and deflected from its path and imparts its full force to the rotor,so that, with the appropriate proportions between the height of the cone and the width ofits base, and a suitable pitch of the blades, the size of which is dependent on thevelocity of the impacting water-jet, the water flows from the machine quietly withoutcreating spray.An example of the arrangement of the invention is schematically depicted in thediagram.The rotor, whose axle 1 is parallel and common to the axis of the jet exiting from the jet-pipe 2, is formed of corkscrew-like blades 3. The ends 4 of the blades 3 are curvedupwards slightly towards the impacting water-jet so as to deflect the jet and to effect thegreatest possible transfer of its kinetic energy to the rotor. In the jet-pipe 2 screw-likeribs 5 are incorporated, which, according to observations, increase the velocity of theexiting water-jet and the efficiency of the device.Claims:1. The jet-turbine is characterised by a cone-shaped rotor positioned in the axis of thewater-jet, by means of which the water-jet is split up. Corkscrew-like blades (5) are incorporated around the cone's periphery (7).2. In accordance with Claim 1, the jetturbine is further characterised by a jetpipe (2)incorporating rifling ribs (5), which impart a spin to the rotor in the direction of itsrotation.

French Patent # 1,057,576



Processes and Equipment for the Conveyance of Liquid, Gaseous orAeriform Media Processes and Equipment for the Conveyance of

Liquid, Gaseous or Aeriform Media...Viktor Schauberger

Also published as: Portugal # 29,729 (1953) Brazil # 43,431 (1953)

This invention relates to a process for the conveyance of media in a liquid, vaporous,gaseous or aeriform state and which can be described, for example, as emulsions orsuspensions, etc. Moreover, it also relates to the equipment required to carry out suchprocesses. The invention also concerns processes for controlling molecular separationor reduction, transformation and synthesis with or in the media moved in accordancewith the invention. It further relates to the procedures for achieving increases inmechanical efficiency and output as well as equipment for the carrying out of suchprocesses.



Pursuant to the invention itself, it is essential that the media to be conveyed areimparted a movement which conducts them inward towards the centre, in the course ofwhich the media are conveyed through grooves, pipes, etc. By means of such laminar,inwinding, and especially a multiple inwinding motion, significant advantages can beachieved in comparison with the methods of conveying such media in use today. Thisoccurs through the transport of the media in channels, grooves, fluting, pipes or vesselswith a cross-section in the form of an egg, or more accurately part of an egg, having acurved indentation, which is twisted like a screw in the direction of flow. If pipes areused, then these should take the form of the longitudinal cross-section of an egg, butwith a curved indentation incorporated on one side at the more pointed end and whichencompasses a quarter or less of the total circumference. In open conduits, the cross-section corresponds to a portion of such an indented egg-section. Under the term 'egg-shape' is to be understood the classical egg-shape or an approximative egg-shape. The imparting ofan inwinding motion can also be induced through conduction along appropriatelyshaped surfaces.The conduits, pipes and vessels as well as the guiding surfaces can have a straightaxis, although a meandering or screw-form axis is preferable. Through the combinedorbital and rotational motion thus imparted, the conveyance of the media is facilitatedand improved, and in this way a series of specific effects are achieved. Thus it was,that Professor Dr. Ing. habil. Franz Popel of the Institute of Hygiene at Stuttgart TechnicalUniversity was able to establish through comparative experiments, that in an indented orfluted, egg-shaped profile, wherein the indentation is twisted like a screw in the directionof flow, the level of friction did not increase with increased volume and velocity of flow.On the contrary, at certain velocities the friction diminished and overall it wassignificantly less than in conventional pipes of circular profile.In liquids conveyed by this invention, the frictional resistance of the liquids on the innerwall-surfaces of the conducting pipe is reduced to a remarkable degree. It has alsobecome evident that any variety of copper enhances or facilitates the inwinding motioncatalytically. Instead of being wholly made out of copper, copper facings can also beused, which are affixed to the inside of the pipe. The desired results are achievedsimply because the liquid comes in contact with the copper from time to time, the morefrequently the better. Alloys of copper can also be used to equal advantage. Instead ofcopper, other metals belonging to the same electromotive series can be used, such assilver or gold.The best effect corresponding to the intent of the invention, is achieved with the use ofdoubly twisted pipes. These are pipes in which the indented, eggshaped, cross-section is first twisted along the length of the pipe and the whole then wound into acoil.Apart from this, the desired effect can also be intensified by the application of magnets.These are either laid continuously or spaced at certain intervals along the length of thepipe.To date it has not been known that it is possible to move liquid, gaseous or aeriformmedia in such a way that molecular activity can be controlled at will. With today'sconventional systems of movement, e.g. in straight-drawn, smooth pipes, the through-flowing media will indeed be transported. However, a reactive, structure-looseningtendency evolves as a secondary effect, which provokes further moleculardisintegration. This cannot be controlled. These disintegrative events increase quiteconsiderably with an increase in velocity caused by increased pressure, additionalwarming or mechanical centrifugating, etc.If the molecular structure of a moving liquid, gaseous or aeriform medium is to be



maintained or a process of molecular synthesis actually inaugurated, then the aforesaidstructure-loosening tendency must be prevented as a first priority.The aim of the invention includes processes and appliances, which not only preventunwanted molecular disintegration and the de-energising of the moving liquid andgaseous media, but also enable the achievement of molecular synthesis and a build-upof energy. These also lead to increases in mechanical efficiency and output.In certain cases these molecular processes have to take place in a certain, special,rhythmical interplay of forces, in which expansion and contraction alternate with eachother. By preventing molecular disintegration or separation, a condition can be achievedin which encrustations and sedimentation in the moving water or other liquid can beeliminated.In accordance with the invention, the desired effect is achieved through a particularprocess, as a result of which the medium is primarily imparted a definite laminar,multiple-inwinding motion. It is the special construction of these pipes, conduits orvessels that makes this form of motion possible. The molecular synthesis,recombination and transformation, energetic upgrading, bio-catalytic reduction, etc. isachieved with the processes associated with this invention:(a) through the laminar, multiple inwinding of the media to be moved in these involutionenhancing forms, fabricated with certain materials, and if necessary,(b) through the addition of substances of diverse molecular and atomic structure or ifneed be, of trace-elements, active substances and the like, and(c) through the energetic bonding (coupling) of the media and the added material bymeans of catalysts. This can also be effected by directly or indirectly incident rays oflight of different frequencies, e.g. blue, ultraviolet light, etc. The stimulation of pulsation orvibration by means of ultra-sound is also possible. Excessive structure-looseninginfluences of light of certain frequency bands must be reduced to the minimum valueprescribed for each medium.By way of example, the design of a conduit producing a multiple-inwinding flow-motion,which at least maintains the molecular structure of media to be moved, is to be providedwith an 'open profile' and must exhibit the following features:(a) it must have a variable cross-sectional profile, which is envisaged as having beenderived from the pointed end of an egg-shaped form, whereby in one of its longitudinalhalves the near-identical profile is incorporated as a concavity. (Fig. 1)(b) It must have a longitudinal profile that is so shaped as to take the form of a wave, ormeander, as shown in Figure 2a.The form of the conduit itself must be so constructed that along the length of themeandering longitudinal profile the convex portion of the 1/2 egg-shaped profilemigrates from the right-hand of Section A-A1, via the neutral point of Section B-B1,rising to its extreme value again on the left-hand side of Section C-C1. In this process ofmigration the size of the indentation gradually reduces and displaces laterally.In natural channels (streams, rivers, etc.) the previously described channel shape is theprerequisite for inwinding motion. Natural channels are therefore the prerequisite for theregeneration of the watercourse and for the maintenance of the biological laws of bio-hydraulics.If the previously described, partial egg-profile containing the convex indentation issupplemented by fully rounded, longitudinal portion on the opposite side, then the cross-



sectional form of the 'closed profile' is produced (Figure 3 ).In Figure 4, by way of example, an arrangement is depicted in which a pipe with aclosed profile is wound around the outer face of an imaginary cylinder. This design canbe usefully applied, for example, to drinking water pipelines, the reticulation of industrialwater and for pipelines of all kinds.If in addition an acceleration of the flow is desired, i.e. for purposes of reducing thecross-sectional area and the resultant savings in costs of the pipes themselves, thenthese specially profiled, closed pipes, either singly or severally, can be wound aroundand attached to a cylindrical core (Figure 4), which is then made to rotate. The volumeconveyed and the increase in mechanical efficiency and output can be regulated byvarying the rate of rotation. This arrangement is particularly suited to the conveyance ofliquid, gaseous and aeriform media.A further example of the design, which serves for certain syntheses (transformative,recombinant and upgrading processes), is depicted in Figure 5a, 5b, In theseconfigurations the closed profile shown in Figure 3 can also be used. In this design apipe possessing the said profile is wound around a conical, rotating core.Depending on the desired purpose, the cross-sectional profile either reduces in sizetowards the point of the cone (Figure 5b), for example, for the conveyance andtransformation of seawater into freshwater, or towards the base of the cone-shapedcore (Figure 5a), for example, for the separation of mixtures. For particular applications,several such pipes can be connected top to top, or bottom to bottom (for example, in thestimulation of pulsations for processes of synthesis).Likewise several such twisted pipes can be grouped about a common axis. Open,slotted, perforated or partially open and closed pipes and pipe systems of the abovetype can also be used, for example, to achieve diffusive or filtering effects.With the possibility of regulating the rotational velocity of such pipes or pipelines, notonly can the discharge velocity of the media be increased and with it an increase inmechanical efficiency and output, but also the speed of the molecular transformation canbe controlled.On the other hand, with a non-rotating pipe configuration of similar nature, the process ofmolecular transformation takes place over a correspondingly longer pathway.Experiments have shown that a particularly useful shape of vessel can be developedfrom the egg-shape and is especially suited to the mixing, stirring, etc., of media, or thecarrying out of biochemical processes and fermentation processes. This shape canalso be developed from rotating egg-shaped or ovoid bodies or if necessary fromparaboloid or hyperboloid, rotating bodies and the like, whereby these vessels canlikewise be set in regulable rotation as the case demands.The driving mechanism for all these rotating bodies can also be designed in such a way,that these bodies are imparted a rhythmically alternating direction of rotation. Drives ofthis nature require no further elaboration here, since they are already well-known totechnology.The inclusion of additives can take place in any desired fashion and relates tosubstances in a solid, liquid, gaseous or aeriform state, and is ordered according to thenature of the desired molecular synthesis or organisation. The intrinsic qualities of thematerial required to upgrade the water must be introduced in doses in accordance withthe findings of the analyses of the said drinking, medicinal and /or mineral water.The energetic coupling, the actual bonding of these additives to the media, is achieved



through the interaction between the aforesaid types of motion. The bonding takes placeby way of bio-catalysts inter alia through the appropriate choice of materials from whichthe previously described pipes, channels or vessels are made. In such applications,copper, silver and gold and their alloys have proved to be particularly suitable. However,synthetic resins (plastics) with or without mineral or metallic inclusions or crystals, ornatural stone, woods such as larch, fir, etc. and combinations of such materials can alsobe used.For example, in a vessel made with an appropriate copper alloy, water with acorresponding valency (healing property) can be produced.... [Missing text ] have a specific, energetic proportional relation, which in any event issufficiently well understood in the field of catalysts and their application.In addition, the energetic coupling (bonding) can take place through direct irradiation bylight of various frequencies (blue, ultra-violet, etc.) or through the mechanical stimulationof vibration, as has already been stated.The distinctive, multiple-inwinding motion, characterised above by the orbital androtational, inwinding tendency of the moving medium (water, earth, air, etc.) leads to adrop in temperature towards the anomaly point of +4C (39.2F) and its specificdensation, which is the case with water in particular.These effects are integral to the possibility of controlling the induced molecularprocesses and to the achievement of a substantially higher output and performance.They can be applied to drive turbines, propel ships, locomotive devices, aircraft, theconveyance of all kinds of media, to the raising of the carrying capacity and tractiveforce of the water in small, artificial channels, conduits or flumes, etc.The increase in performance itself is to be attributed inter alia to the substantialelimination of the centrifugally-acting, reactive wall-pressures. In all systems of motion ofthis nature, the speed of motion is increased. The process of molecular syntheses isstrengthened through the increase in specific density. In the case of rotating pipes,pipes systems and vessels, a regulable reversed flow and/or counter-rotation occursbetween the rotating forms and the media moving through them, which accelerates andaugments the aforesaid processes as well as the mechanical increase in output andefficiency. Accordingly, the areas of application of the invention are manifold and ofextremely wide scope. The implementation of this process and the associatedappliances has proved to be particularly effective in the prevention of encrustation inpipes, sedimentation in channels, the transformation of seawater into freshwater with arange of properties, the biological purification of polluted drinking water and generalpurpose water, and in high-grade molecular syntheses. It is equally suited to processesof energetic concentration and transformation, for example, in the transformation ofmolecular structures of liquid nature into gaseous, etheral or volatile states and viceversa. It demonstrates the nature of the build-up of blood, and sap in the world of plants.It should also be mentioned that, as a result of this invention, new designs for turbines,propulsion systems for ships and aircraft, and differently designed water reticulation andtransfer installations can be developed. With more specific reference to the inventionitself, it should also be noted with reference to Figure 6, that the movement mentionedabove (which can equally take place in the opposite direction), and multiple inwindingmovement in particular, should be conceived as the tendencies represented in Figure 6.In this figure, which depicts a closed profile, D is the direction in which the profile itselfrotates and E is the direction of the tendency to inwind. As inwinding forms, apart fromthe inwinding motion described above, equal consideration should be given to thecoiling of the profile shown in Figure 6 about various other forms depicted schematicallyin Figures 4, 5c & 5d. These other forms can also include an extended egg-shape (tear-



drop shape) or a contracted (extreme) egg-shape.Amongst the base core-forms mentioned above, inwinding tubes or systems ofinwinding tubes of a special design can be incorporated (as in Figure 7). Curved orinwinding tubes of a special shape can likewise be attached to the external envelope orthe internal periphery of the bodies of the rotating conical shapes or the othersdescribed above, whose spiral configurations rotate in opposite directions, for example,a left-hand external spiral and a right-hand internal spiral configuration, or vice versa.Patent ClaimsThe invention is characterised notably by the following features and possiblepermutations and combinations:1. Procedures for the control of processes of molecular decomposition, transformationor composition taking place in the moving media, liquid, gaseous or aeriform throughwhich an increase in mechanical performance and output can be achieved; Procedurescharacterised by endowing the media with a particular laminar movement, which theninwinds upon itself several times in the above conduits, tubes or receptacles of a certainshape and material conducive to such form of movement.2. Given that different media have different molecular and atomic structures, these aretransformed into molecular organisations of different nature through the interactionsoccurring during such laminar multipleinwinding movement by means of energeticcoupling.3. Elements existing as trace-elements, active substances and such like areincorporated into the said processes in order to contribute or participate in theenergetic interactions.4. The energetic interaction (coupling) between the media or substances is produced,for example, by way of catalysts, which amongst other things, desirably correspond tothe base material of the artefact, or through the direct or indirect production ofoscillations (for example, light of different frequency regions or ultra-sound), the saidinteraction being additionally assisted by the production of mechanical oscillations.

Austrian Patent # 145,141Air Turbine(4-10-1936)

Viktor Schauberger



It is known that impellers can be caused to rotate by moving air. It is equally known thatan air current can be generated through evacuation. The present invention, however,makes use of mechanical and physical forces.In the accompanying diagram (see fig. 19), the object of the invention is portrayed inSections A-A and B-B. A snailshell-shaped housing a in which the impeller b is mountedis connected to a double-spiral pipe c by means of a hollow shaft d. The double-spiralpipe c is joined to an egg-shaped, hollow body e at f, which is divided into two spacesby means of a wire mesh g. In the inner chamber of e gas-burners or electric arc-throwers are incorporated that combust the inflowing gas at about 2,000C (3,632F).The inner chamber is connected to an exhauster via a heatable double-spiral pipe h. Tothis exhauster, streamlined, egg-shaped nozzles i are attached and the wholearrangement is activated by an external force.The impeller incorporated inside the snailshell housing is constructed in such a way thatfresh air can only enter the hollow shaft d when the impeller blade k passes over the slotj incorporated in the hollow shaft. The flywheel l, whose cross-sections are egg-shapedand which is mounted on the hollow shaft d, is installed in an externally airtight housingm. The air present in the hollow space n is sucked out through a connecting passage o,so that in the highly rarefied space n the flywheel is offered very little resistance torotation. To maintain the combustion process, a combustible gas is introduced at p. Thedouble-spiral pipe c mentioned at the beginning has been granted an Austrian patent,



No. 138296. This pipe consists of an external pipe made of wooden staves and anasbestos sleeve. Within the latter there is a metal sleeve, which has wood-shaving-likemetal elements bent out from the periphery, whose axis is inclined towards the pipe-axisat an angle of 30 to 45. [3] [3: consult patent 138296] These metal elements arealigned along several spiral pathways. The peripheral air-masses will thus be forced todescribe a path corresponding to a spiral within a spiral.The inner metal sleeve is heated electrically. In addition, the heat arising from friction onthe outer walls leads to the warming of the outer air-masses, through which in particularall the oxygen contained in the air expands, concentrates itself at the pipe-walls,becoming even warmer on its multi-spiral path along the pipe-walls. The remaininggases contained in the air pass down the centre of the pipe and rise through the agencyof the gas introduced at p. Because the warmer and therefore more aggressive oxygenbrushes along the outer pipe-walls and the colder residual components of the air flowthrough the inner region of the pipe, inner tensions arise between the materials due tothe temperature differences obtaining, which become more pronounced the longer thedistance travelled, until interactions ultimately occur. These interactions proceed in theform of small explosions and assist the reaction that takes place through the combustionof the highly energised gases within the egg-shaped safety mesh g.In the egg-shaped body e a sieve (safety mesh) g is incorporated, outside of which theseparated oxygen mentioned earlier accumulates, passes through the sieve into thecentre, wherein, with the aid of the electric or gas arcs, it contributes to the almostcomplete combustion of the centrally conducted combustible gases. As a result a muchgreater vacuum evolves than has hitherto been achieved using currently known methods.At the same time the exhaust gases are reduced to a minimum and extractedmechanically via h and i. Through the creation of the vacuum in e, the air will be suckedin with even greater force, setting the impeller in motion in the process.Claims1. The air-turbine is characterised by the fact that the air-masses in a doublespiral pipecan be so strongly moved, that due to frictional heat and externally supplied heatbetween the peripheral air-masses and those streaming down the pipe-axis, differencesin temperature arise, which lead to cold interactions in the air flowing through thedouble-spiral pipe, whose end-product is an almost total vacuum.2. In accordance with Claim 1 the air-turbine is further characterised by the completecombustion that takes place in a partitioned chamber by means of a safety mesh havinga pipe-shaped extension towards its base.3. In accordance with Claims 1 & 2, the air-turbine is characterised by the fact that theattached flywheel is caused to rotate in a rarefied space.4. In accordance with Claims 1-3, the air-turbine is characterised by the fact that thesupply of air takes place pulsatingly through a slot in the hollow shaft.5. In accordance with Claims 1-3, the air-turbine is characterised by the fact that thedischarge of exhaust gases takes place by means of a heated pipe in which atemperature higher than that of the exhaust gases prevails.

British Patent # 1,187,632Apparatus for Agitating Body of Fluid



Cl. B1 C(5, 9, 18A1); Intl. Cl. B 01 f 7/20( 8 April 1970 )



This invention relates to methods and apparatus for agitating a body of fluids, inparticular for the purpose of making a mixture, solution, emulsion, suspension and thelike, from a plurality of fluids or from a quantity of material and one or more fluids, or forthe purpose of incorporating air into the body of fluid. In some industrial and chemical processes it is often necessary to mix a fluid andanother material to form a solution, emulsion, suspension or the like. Such mixingoperations are required for example in the preparation of mineral drinks, fluid mixturescontaining a small amount of a particular substance, mixtures of carbon dioxide with afluid, and also in the purification of bodies of water.On the latter connection, it has been found that the self-purifying capacity of still orrelatively slowly flowing water is less than that of more rapidly flowing water, for example,flowing at 20 centimeters per second. The greater self-purifying capacity of rapidlyflowing water is due to the fact that, owing to turbulence produced in the water, oxygenhas a greater analysis to be incorporated into the water and decompose the organicsubstances before they settle. The relatively rapid flow causes the oxygen consumed inthe decomposition process to be quickly replaced. In still or relatively slowly flowingwater, such as lakes or reservoirs, however, settling of the organic substances not onlyresults in the lower regions of the water becoming saturated wit such substances, but inaddition, causes an oxygen deficit in the upper layers of the water, for the reason thatoxygen consumed in the decomposition of the settling substances is not replaced,owing to the slower flow or complete stagnation not producing turbulence to causeoxygen from the atmosphere to be incorporated into the water. As a result, the organic



substances are not consumed by oxygen and the water becomes impure or polluted. Itis possible to overcome such pollution by agitating the water to reduce the settlement oforganic substances and in particular, to increase the amount of oxygen absorbed intothe water at its surface from the adjacent atmosphere,, so that a greater amount ofoxygen is available to decompose the organic substances and thereby purify the water.According to the present invention, there is provided apparatus for agitating air into thefluid, comprising a vessel to contain the fluid and having an upwardly facing opening,and a rotatable shaft extending upwardly into the vessel from the bottom thereof andcarrying at least one stirring blade, the configuration of the vessel being such that in aportion adjacent the shaft, the walls of the vessel diverge upwardly in a continuous curvefrom the location of the shaft, in the form of an end portion of an egg-shape.Embodiments of an apparatus according to the present invention will now be describedby way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: ---Figure 1 is a vertical cross section of one embodiment of the apparatus;Figure 2 is a vertical cross-section of a second embodiment of the apparatus;Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section of a third embodiment of the apparatusFigure 4 is a partial vertical cross-section of a third embodiment of the apparatus;Figure 5 is a vertical cross-section of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus, showing avessel within a larger body of fluid.Referring firstly to Figure 1, the embodiment shown comprises a vertically arrangedclosed egg-shaped vessel 1 containing a fluid F to be mixed. The larger end of thevessel 1 is disposed upwardly, while the configuration of a substantial portion of thebody of the vessel 1 lying between the larger and smaller ends thereof is defined by anexponential function which is represented in polar coordinates by the general equationsr = a0 and r = a0 + b, and in a specific case by the equation r = e0 + b, where r is theradius vector, a and b designate any constant, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.[phi]At the larger end of the vessel 1, an opening 2 is provided on the axis of symmetry of thevessel 1 for introducing materials M into the body of fluid F. The materials to be mixedwith the fluid may include air or other matter in solid, liquid or gaseous form, Dependingon the nature of the material to be mixed with the fluid F, pressurized injection into thevessel may be required, particularly of the material is in the form of a powder or smallparticles.Located at the lower end of the vessel 1 and also on its axis of symmetry is a rotatableshaft 3 carrying at its upper end a single bladed stirring element 4 for stirring the fluid Fand imparting to it a whirling or vertical motion, as shown by the arrows of Figure 1. Thusthe flow of the whirling body of fluid in the vessel 1 comprises an upwardly flowing spiralat the outer periphery of the whirling body, extending substantially to the surface of fluidF. Inside the upwardly flowing spiral there is also a vertically upward flow to the surface,which then turns inwardly, also mixing with the downward flow resulting from the upwardspiral. The vortex or whirling action created by the stirring element 4 and the walls of thevessel 1 is similar to the eddy or whirlpool phenomena occurring in a flowing stream ofwater. The vortex in the fluid F creates a lower pressure region along the axis of thevortex, while has a suction effect so drawing fluid downwardly at the center and alsodrawing in air from the region adjacent the surface of the fluid F. In Figures 1 and 1a, thepath followed by an individual fluid particle p is shown as it passes in an upwardlyflowing spiral within the body of Fluid F. Any materials introduced into the vessel 1



through the opening 2 are pulled or sucked into the body of fluid F by its vortex action,which also provides a mixing effect.Referring now to Figure 2, the apparatus comprises a vessel 5 of the same generalconfiguration as the vessel 1 shown in Figure 1, but which is in an inverted position, thatis, with its larger end downwards. Located at the lower end of the vessel 5 is a rotatableshaft 3 having a double-bladed stirring element 4 at its upper end. The vessel5 containsa fluid F, the level of which is such as to leave a space as shown between the fluid F andthe upper end of the vessel 5. An inlet pipe 6 opens into the vessels 5 by way of an inletopening 6 such that material is injected tangentially into, and below the surface of, thewhirling volume of fluid F.Axially arranged in the upper end of the vessel 5 is a short tubular member 7 containinga lens or filter 8. Aligned above the filter 8 is an irradiation source 9 for directingradiation, such as ultraviolet rays, downwardly through the filter 8 into the fluid F. Thedirection of the rays from the source 9 is along the axis of the vortex created in the bodyo fluid F by the stirring element 4.The shape of the vessel 5 is, as shown, similar to that of the vessel in Figure 1, theconfiguration of a substantial portion between the ends of the vessel 1 being defined bythe equations set forth hereinbefore with reference to figure 1.In both vessels 1 and 5, the stirring elements 4, 4 combine with the vessel walls tocreate a vortex in the body of fluid F. I Figure 2, materials to be mixed are injectedtangentially into the vessel 5 and are picked up by the upwardly flowing spiral at thevessel wall, which then carries them into the center of the vessel 5 and downwardly, sothat they become intimately mixed by the vortex action. The rays from the source 9,which pass through the filter 8, are absorbed into the whirling body of the fluid F and,due to the continuous mixing effect, irradiate the fluid F and any additional matter itcontains.Figure 3 shows a vessel 10 similar to that shown in Figure 2 except that its upper end isopen, giving it a goblet-like shape. Carried at its lower end, the vessel 10 has arotatable shaft 3 with single-bladed stirring element 4 at its upper end for whirling thefluid F. As the upper end of the vessel 10 is open, it can be used in various processesfor the treating and mixing of fluids. Materials to be mixed are introduced through theopening in the upper end of the vessel 10, while the vessel 10 could be used by itself orwithin a larger tank for mixing a fluid.Where a vessel is to be positioned within a larger tank of fluid to be mixed, or within anatural body of water, into which oxygen is to be absorbed to decompose any organicmatter therein and thereby purify the water, the embodiments shown in Figure 4 and 5are preferred.In Figure 4, the fluid F is contained within a large tank or container 25. Extendingupwardly from the base of the tank are support members 21 which carry a dome-shaped vessel 20 which is of a configuration similar to the lower portion of the vessels 5and 10 shown in Figures 2 and 3, thus forming an open bowl-type container. Extendingthrough the lower end of the vessel 20 is a rotatable shaft 23 carrying a its upper end asingle-bladed stirring element 24 located in the bottom of the vessel 20. Disposedbelow the vessel 20 is a motor 22 for driving the shaft 23 and is stirring element 24. Inoperation, the stirring element 24 creates a whirling action within a body of fluid f shownin dash-dotted lines in Figure 4. The container 25 may be a collecting tank, settling tank,water reservoir or similar fluid-holding device in which a mixing action is to be produced.The other embodiment of a mixing vessel positioned within a body of fluid F, shown inFigure 5, comprises a vessel 30 of a cup-shaped configuration which is similar to the



lower portion of the vessel 1 shown in Figure 1. Mounted at the lower end of the vessel30 is a hollow rotatable shaft 33 with a single-bladed stirring element 34 located at itsupper end. Fluid, or any material S, below the vessel 30 may also be drawn into thevessel through the hollow shaft 33 so that such fluid may be incorporated upwardly intothe whirling volume of fluid f. Additionally, it should be noted that the irradiation source 9shown in Figure 2 could be used in either of the embodiments shown in Figures 4 or 5to provide radiation treatment of the fluid.In Figures 4 and 5, a vortex or whirling movement is produced in the fluid F to be mixed,whether it is a natural body of water, such as the water of a lake, or a large containerholding some other fluid, by the stirring elements 24, 34 disposed in the lower portion ofvessels, 20, 30 respectively. The general outline of the body of fluid f to which thewhirling movement is imparted is shown by the dash-dotted line in Figures 4 and 5.Additionally, in Figure 4, the flow pattern within the body of fluid f is shown by a numberof solid lines bearing directional arrows. The flow pattern is the same as previouslydescribed for Figure 1, the outer layer of the body of fluid f moving in an upwardly flowingspiral to the surface of the fluid. Similarly, inwardly of the upwardly spiraling layer is anupwardly flowing layer which reverse direction in the upper region of the whirling body offluid f moving in an upward flowing spiral to the surface of the fluid. Similarly, inwardly ofthe upwardly spiraling layer is an upwardly flowing layer which reverses direction in theupper region of the whirling body of fluid f, then passing inwardly and downwardly at Salong the axis of the vortex. The suction effect developed by the vortex produced in thebody of fluid f tends to suck in any materials to be mixed with the fluid; this suction effectmay be used in the case of water to draw oxygen into the water to provide abiochemical purification action. In both the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5, asthe vessel 20, 30 extends only a short distance above the stirring element 24, 34, itdoes not interfere with any mixing at the interface of the main body of fluid F and thefluid f in the whirling volume.In the mixing operation, whether in the closed vessels shown in Figures 1 and 2 or in theopen vessels of Figures 3m 4, and 5, a relatively small amount of energy is needed torotate the stirring elements and create the vortex in the fluid. Moreover, where an openvessel is used, as in Figures 4 and 5, not only is it possible to produce circulation of fluidwithin the boundaries of the whirling body of fluid f, but the fluid F is also drawn into hatwhirling body so that a complete mixing action can be achieved. Additionally, wheneither the open or closed vessels are used, the whirling body of fluid will showresonance phenomenon when a relatively high speed stirring element is employed;under such conditions the intensity of fluid circulation produced by the stirring elementcan be increased by increasing the speed of the elements, with only a relatively smalladditional energy consumption.What we claim is: --- [ Claims not included here ]

US Patent # 1,775,871Method and Apparatus for Sorting Timber



This invention relates to an improved method of and arrangement for sorting anddischarging separated different kinds of timber, such as long-tailed timber, log timber,billet wood, etc.The simultaneous floating of different kinds of timber, presents difficulties, becauseeach kind moves with different speed and the slow moving short wood is overtaken bythe faster floating log-timber, particularly at the curves, and therefore a sorting of thetimber is carried out at the outlet of the retaining basin.The method of separating the different kinds of timber is based on the fact, that thepieces of wood of different thicknesses are submerged in the water to different depthand therefore by draining off the topmost water-layer only, at first the smaller billet-woods, floating on the surface, are set into motion, while the log-timber and long-tailedtimber which float deeper in the water can float off only in case the overflow is made to agreater depth. Thus by a suitable adjustment of an overflow door the different kinds oftimber are sucked into a short channel which preferably is arranged in communicationwith a retaining or collecting basin. Timber, floating at a greater depth, is prevented fromfloating off by occasionally lifting the overflow-door, whereby a retaining action arises,which stops the start of the undesirable movement. After the discharge from the saidshort channel, a further separation of the different kinds of timber is carried out byreason of the fact that the small pieces of wood float on the top and in case the overflow-door is lowered very slightly only, these small pieces are discharged into a wet-chutewhich lies at a proper depth opposite the floor of the channel, while after a furtherlowering of the overflow-door the log-timber is discharged into a higher timber cute byreason of the greater speed of the water. The short channel is provided with longitudinalribs, in order to prevent a rotation or eddying of the water in this part. The outflowingwater passes into a discharge pit, which is provided with a grate for catching the billet-wood and for guiding the latter into the chute. In this manner the billet-wood and log-timber pass in a wet condition into the dry chute. Whereby the sliding capacity of thewood is increased by about 8% and consequently the slope of the chutes can bedecreased considerably. The dropping water may be employed for driving mechanicalmeans as will be described hereinafter. However, as a rule the valuable long-tailedtimber cannot be conveyed on the chutes constructed for log-timber in consequence oftheir curvatures. And therefore it is of advantage to separate the long-tailed timber and



convey it in another manner. According to the present invention this is accomplished inthe following manner: ---A supporting device, for instance a wire-rope or rail, which follows the direction of theflow of the water, is arranged in a suitable height (about 7 feet) over the upper water-level above the short channel. Overhead cranes provided with chains or gripers, arearranged on this supporting device. After the long-tailed timber has been sucked intothe short channel similar to the log timber, the overflow-door is raised, whereby theoncoming wood is stopped immediately and the long-tailed timber is disposed exactlyunderneath the supporting device. If the water rises further, the long-tailed timber isdisposed exactly underneath the supporting device. If the water rises further, the long-tailed timber is also raised until it can be readily attached to the supporting device bymeans of chains or grippers. If the overflow-door is again lowered the water flows offfaster in consequence of the gradient thus formed, the timber hanging on the supportingdevice is taken along and now freely floats, also at a slight gradient, with the speedimparted by the water, until it is deposited either at the place of destination or at a place,from which it is conveyed by vehicles or a waterway, adapted for long-tailed timber.A sorting device arranged at a retaining basin is illustrated in cross section by way ofexample on the accompanying drawings.A slightly inclined channel 42 (about 0.5:1000) is in communication with the retainingbasin 41 for receiving the different kinds of timber, which come down from the differentsides or are supplied upon chutes. A working stand 43 is arranged alongside thechannel 42. An overflow door 44, which is vertically slidable in a slot 45, serves forclosing the end of the channel 42 and is raised by the buoyancy of the water, in order toclose the channel 42. An overflow door 44, which is vertically slidable in a slot 45, servesfor closing the end of the channel 42 and is raised by the buoyancy of the water, in orderto close the channel 42. Also upwardly acting weights, springs and the like (notillustrated) may be provided in order to promote the buoyancy and effect an automaticclosing of the door. Rollers 46 are arranged on the door 44 and passes over pulleys 48and 49. By means of a lever 50, attached to the pulley 49, the door 44 may be readilyand comfortable operated from the working stand 43. The graduations I, II, and III of adial correspond to the discharge parabolas I, II, and III. A water-discharge channel 51,located in front of the door 44 or slot 45, is sufficiently wide to allow the water to flow offeven in case the door 44 is fully opened.The chute 52 for the long-timber is connected to the channel 51 slightly below the floor ofthe channel 42. The chute 53 for the billet-wood lies below the chute 52. the woodpassing over an inclined grating 54, which traverses the channel 51. A supporting rope55 is arranged above the channel 42 and carries cable grippers 56, which are providedwith chains 57 for securing the timber.The workman standing on the platform 43 controls the level of the water in the channel42 according to the thickness of the timber passing through the latter at the time byraising or lowering the door 44 by means of the lever 50. If a log-timber enters thechannel 42, the workman lowers the door 44 by means of the lever 50. If a log-timberenters the channel 42, the workman lowers the door 44 in such a way, that the log-timberis discharged onto the chute 52. In the case of billet-wood the door 44 is lowered tosuch an extent, that the same is discharged onto the chute 53, while the small pieces ofwood are discharged through the channel 51 by operating the door in such a way, thatthe said wood follows the way of the discharge parabola I.I claim: --- [ Claims not included here ]

German Patent # 1,442,734



Engine Exhaust SystemWalter Schauberger

( 11-21-1968 )Classification: - international: B01D53/86; B01J19/24; B01D53/86; B01J19/24; -European: B01D53/86; B01J19/24B



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