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This question paper consists of 7 pages and an addendum of 14 pages.

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NATIONALSENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

HISTORY P1

SEPTEMBER 2014

History/P1 2 NW/September 2014NSC

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1: THE COLD WAR: THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

QUESTION 2: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: CASE STUDY – ANGOLA

QUESTION 3: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS

QUESTION 4: EXTENSION OF THE COLD WAR: CASE STUDY - VIETNAM QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY –

THE CONGO AND TANZANIA

QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: BLACK POWER MOVEMENT

2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions will be found in the ADDENDUM.

3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.

4. Answer THREE questions as follows:

At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay.

The THIRD question can be either a source-based question or an essay question.

5. When answering questions, candidates should apply their knowledge, skills and insight.

6. A mere rewriting of the sources as answers will disadvantage candidates.

7. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.

8. Write neatly and legibly.



SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS

Answer at least ONE question and not more than TWO questions from this section.

QUESTION 1: WHY WAS THE BERLIN AIRLIFT (1948–1949) OF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE TO THE WESTERN POWERS?

Study sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D to answer the questions that follow.

1.1 Refer to Source 1A.

1.1.1 How, according to President Truman, did the Kremlin try tomislead the people of Europe? (1 x 1) (1)

1.1.2 Define the term airlift in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.3 Using the information in the source, identify THREE ‘serious situations’that were ‘developing’ in Germany. (3 x 1) (3)

1.1.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, why do you think Russia decided to impose a blockade on West Berlin?Use relevant examples from the source to support your answer.

(2 x 2) (4)

1.1.5 Comment on the limitations of the information as contained in the source . (2 x 2) (4)

1.1.6 Explain why you think President Truman believed that the West hadto remain in Berlin. (2 x 2) (4)

1.2 Use Source 1B.

1.2.1 What message does the cartoonist wish to convey regarding the Berlin Blockade? (1 x 2) (2)

1.2.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain to what extent Stalin was successful in blocking the‘mouse hole’. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3 Study Source 1C.

1.3.1 How did the following countries assist Berlin during the blockade?

(a) Britain (2 x 1) (2)

(b) USA (2 x 1) (2)

1.3.2 Explain the usefulness of the information in the source to a historian studying the Berlin airlift. (2 x 2) (4)



1.4 Consult Source 1D.

1.4.1 What message does the cartoon convey? (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.2 Explain to what extent the information in this source may be considered as biased. (2 x 2) (4)

1.5 Compare the information in Sources 1C and 1D. Explain how these sources differ regarding the Berlin Crisis. (2 x 2) (4)

1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge,write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why the Berlin airlift was of special significance to the Western powers. (8)

[50]

QUESTION 2: WHY DID ANGOLA BECOME THE FOCAL POINT OF COLD WAR TENSIONS IN AFRICA DURING THE 1970s?

Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D to answer the questions that follow.

2.1 Refer to Source 2A.

2.1.1 Which organisation did the apartheid government support duringthe Angolan civil war? (1 x 1) (1)

2.1.2 List THREE Angolan economic installations that were targeted by the South African Defence Force. (3 x 1) (3)

2.1.3 Using the information in the source, explain TWO reasons why the apartheid government felt threatened by the MPLA leadership in Angola. (2 x 2) (4)

2.1.4 Explain why the MPLA requested assistance from Cuba and the USSR. (2 x 2) (4)

2.2 Consult Source 2B.

2.2.1 Quote TWO negative words from the source which are used to describe members of the South African People’s Organisation (SWAPO). (2 x 1) (2)

2.2.2 Explain why the SABC used the word ‘terrorist’ during it’s news bulletin. (1 x 2) (2)



2.3 Study Source 2C.

2.3.1 Name the TWO superpowers that Angola used as a pawn during the Cold War. (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.2 Explain, in your own words, why these two superpowers became involved in Angola. (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.3 According to the information in the source, which TWO communist countries supported the MPLA? (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.4 Define the term democracy in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.5 Explain why America chose to assist UNITA during the Angolan civil war. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.6 Quote any TWO words that were used by Chester Crocker to describe Savimbi’s leadership qualities. (2 x 1) (2)

2.4 Use Source 2D.

2.4.1 What messages does the cartoonist convey regarding the SovietUnion’s support for the MPLA in Angola? Explain your answer using the visual clues in the source. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.2 Explain to what extent this cartoon may be regarded as biased.(2 x 2) (4)

2.5 Refer to Sources 2C and 2D. Explain how the information in these sources would be useful to a historian studying the role of foreign countries in the conflict in Angola. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why Angola became the focal point of the Cold War tensions in the 1970s.

(8)[50]



QUESTION 3: HOW DID AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS EXPERIENCE SEGREGATION AT CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL IN LITTLE ROCK?

Study Sources 3A, 3B and 3C to answer the questions that follow.

3.1 Study Source 3A.

3.1.1 Define the term segregation in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)

3.1.2 What message does the newspaper headline ‘School Segregation Banned’ convey? (1 x 2) (2)

3.1.3 Comment on the words ‘We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate, but equal’ has no place’. (2 x 2) (4)

3.2 Refer to Source 3B.

3.2.1 Using the information from the source, identify THREE ways which suggests that Elizabeth Eckford’s humanrights were violated. (Written source) (3 x 1) (3)

3.2.2 Explain why Elizabeth Eckford was not protected by the guards. Give TWO reasons for your answer. (2 x 2) (4)

3.2.3 Comment in what ways the reactions of both the whiteAmerican students and the guards towards Elizabeth Eckford were similar. (Written source) (2 x 2) (4)

3.2.4 Explain how Elizabeth Eckford was treated by white American students. (2 x 2) (4)

3.2.5 Using your own knowledge, explain whether the actions of white American students against Elizabeth Eckford werejustified. Support your answer with valid reasons. (Written source) (2 x 2) (4)

3.2.6 Compare how the evidence in the visual source supports the information in the written sources regarding the manner in which Elizabeth Eckford was treated. (2 x 2) (4)

3.3 Use Source 3C.

3.3.1 What evidence from the source suggests that it was dangerous for the nine African American students to go to school in a white suburb? List THREE reasons. (3 x 1) (3)

3.3.2 Comment on how white American protestors reacted to the nine African American students. Support youranswer with relevant examples. (2 x 2) (4)



3.3.3 Explain the usefulness of this source to a historian investigating the desegregation of schools in theUnited States of America. (2 x 2) (4)

3.4 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how African American students experienced segregation at Central High School. (8)

[50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS

Answer at least ONE essay question and not more than TWO questions from this section.

Your essay should be about THREE pages long.

QUESTION 4: EXTENSION OF THE COLD WAR – CASE STUDY: VIETNAM

‘. . . all the military strength of a superpower could not defeat a small nation of peasants. ‘

Do you agree with the above statement? Discuss, by making reference to the United States of America’s involvement in Vietnam in the period 1963 and 1975.

[50]

QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA – COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY: THE CONGO AND TANZANIA

Write a comparative essay on the political and economic successes and challenges that post-colonial leaders of both the Congo and Tanzania faced after attaining independence. [50]

QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: BLACK POWER MOVEMENT

The Black Power Movement emphasised black pride. In pursuing this goal they were prepared to use violence.

Critically discuss this statement with regard to the roles that Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X played in the struggle for freedom in the United States of America in the 1960s. [50]

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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