YTU2017-2018 ACADEMIC YEAR FALL SEMESTER

MDB1031 ADVANCED ENGLISH IFINAL REVISION

A. Complete the sentences with the BEST word from the table. Two words are EXTRA .

workforce (n) offered (v) respiratory (adj) fortunately (adv) inequality (n) blame (v)

rejected (v) encounter (v) tool (n) victims (n) effective (adj) transformed (v)

developing (adj) unique (adj) attract (v) innovation (n) broadcast (v) frequently (adv)

1. Decorators say that red furniture in a restaurant should be perfect since it will attract attention. This

colour makes customers more interested in the restaurant.

2. Developing countries have rapidly urbanized since 1950. Trying to become more modern and

advanced, most people in those countries have moved into cities from rural areas.

3. Perhaps China's greatest competitive advantage for its growth is its cheap workforce. The labour cost

is much lower in this country.

4. A car crashed into a hair salon in Boston last week. Fortunately, no one was hurt.

5. Sometimes a problem might occur during the process of electronic payment. If you encounter such a

problem, call your bank immediately.

6. New ideas and methods of teaching are welcome at YTU. We seek candidates who show enthusiasm

for and innovation in teaching with a minimum of one year of full-time teaching experience.

7. They offered him a very good job in Spain, but he turned it down. He couldn’t evaluate the advantages

of this proposal.

8. She was very effective in getting people to communicate. She used such successful ice-breakers that

everyone in the room started talking comfortably in ten minutes.

9. Poverty and starvation are due to the inequality between people, not because of the absolute food

availability. Once all the food is fairly distributed, such problems won't exist in the world.

10. Creating a special type of writing is not an easy task. Many writers learned their own unique style by

first imitating the style of other authors.

11. He wanted to change the interior decoration of his house completely. He transformed the old kitchen

into a beautiful sitting-room.

12. Students who have been rejected by a college need guidance to enroll another one. One college may

refuse to accept you while another welcomes.

13. It's amazing how much misinformation is being broadcast on various TV channels. Each announce the

election results in a different way.

14. Respiratory conditions affect the airways, including the lungs as well as the passages that transfer the

air from the mouth and nose into the lungs.

15. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reports children are the main victims of war, with many

suffering mental stress that will last a lifetime.

16. Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass have been among the most frequently published books in the English language. You can see this book on the shelves every year.

B. Read the text and answer the questions below.

Smart Energy

1 The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used. In some major oil producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and they are unable to manufacture so much oil as in the past. Consequently, many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy considering global warming as well. This transition will lead to major changes in the supply and use of electricity. Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power network.

2 Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the electricity network. The computer system can be used to collect information about supply and demand and improve engineer's ability to manage the system. With better information about electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon emissions. Moreover, the computer system will assist in reducing operational and maintenance costs.

3 Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect real-time information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout the day will give customers the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading to great reductions in bills. For example, they may use their washing machines at night. Smart meters can also be connected to the internet or telephone system, allowing customers to switch appliances on or off remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be set to run directly from the on-site power source, and any excess can be sold to the grid.

4 With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the supply and demand. Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is also set to increase as nations switch to alternative energy sources, is inflexible. With oil and gas, it is relatively simple to increase the supply of energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of the day or year. With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to blackouts or system collapse. Potential solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and encouraging consumers to use electricity at off-peak times.

5 A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.

6 Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is likely that technology will be added in 'layers', starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon savings, to be followed by more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment into smart energy, due to the high population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilizing a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast. By the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes, our roads and our behavior.

1. According to paragraph 1, what has happened in some oil producing countries?

A) They are unwilling to sell their oil any more. B) They are not producing as much oil as they used to. C) The supply of oil is unpredictable. D) Global warming is more severe here than in other countries.

2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Smart Grid technology to consumers?

A) It can reduce their electricity bills. B) It can tell them how much energy each appliance is using. C) It can allow them to turn appliances on and off when they are not at home. D) It can reduce the amount of energy needed to power appliances.

3. According to paragraph 4, what is the problem with using renewable sources of power?

A) They do not provide much energy. B) They often cause system failure and blackouts. C) They do not supply a continuous flow of energy. D) They can't be used at off-peak times.

4. In paragraph 5, what can be inferred about cities in the future?

A) More people will be living in cities in the future than nowadays. B) People in cities will be using cars and buses powered by electricity. C) All buildings will generate their own electricity. D) Smart Grid technology will only be available in cities.

5. The word 'remote' in paragraph 5 could be best replace by:

A) isolated B) crowded C) attractive D) alone

6. The word 'underway' in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to:

A) permanent B) complete C) beneficial D) in progress

7. What is the main idea of paragraph 6?

A) To describe who will benefit from Smart Grid technology first. B) To outline the advantages of Smart Grid technology. C) To summarise the main ideas in the previous paragraphs. D) To describe how, where and when Smart Technology will be introduced.

8. In paragraph 6, what can be inferred about the introduction of Smart Grid Technology?

A) The technologies which produce most benefits will be introduced first. B) The cheapest technologies will be introduced first. C) The technologies which are most difficult to put into place will be introduced first. D) Technologically advanced systems will be introduced first.

C. UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT / Context Clues

For each sentence below, use the context to help you determine the meaning of the underlined word.

1. The president of the company felt so despondent over its bankruptcy that he went into a deep depression.

A) excited B) surprised and delighted

C) sad and hopeless D) exhausted and weary

Feedback: General sense of the sentence. Going into bankruptcy is a distressing, sad experience; additional clue: went into a deep depression

2. My father is despotic. I never get my way! There's no arguing with him because whatever he says, goes.

A) behaving like a ruler with absolute power B) cruel, hurtful, and abusive

C) behaving in a loud, angry manner D) open to other people's opinions

Feedback: Clues from other sentences: never get my way; whatever he says, goes.

3. The French ambassador is extremely suave, by which I mean that he has ability to handle any social situation graciously.

A) able to speak more than one language B) handsomely stylish

C) energetic D) agreeably smooth and courteousFeedback:Definition clue. Clues: by which I mean, and the definition has ability to handle any social situation graciously.

4. My brother is absolutely tenacious. For example, when he sets a goal for himself, he doesn't let anything stop him from achieving it.

A) silly and unreasonable B) stubborn; refusing to give upC) well-liked by others D) always seeking help from others

Feedback: Example clue. Example of setting a goal and staying with it until he achieves it illustrates "tenacious"

5. Their teammate proved so unreliable--undependable--that they never knew whether he would show up for practice.

A) competitive B) well-coordinated

C) undependable D) highly committed

Feedback: Synonym clue. The synonym, undependable, is set off with dashes.

6. The aging actor is fastidious about her appearance: her clothes are beautifully tailored, her hair and make-up are flawless, and she is always perfectly groomed.

A) careless, uncaring B) unable to take care of

C) having a sense of humour about D) extremely careful aboutFeedback: Example clue. Examples show how careful she was, how much attention she paid to every detail.7. Paul is very macho: he loves contact sports, fast cars, and war movies. In contrast, his twin bother, Saul, enjoys chess, hiking, and astronomy.

A) having an exaggerated sense of masculinity B) being competitive with one's brother or sister

C) insecure; lacking confidence D) having a cheerful nature

Feedback: Contrast clue and example clues. Examples of macho activities (contact sports, fast cars, and war movies) contrast with neutral ones (chess, hiking, and astronomy).

8. The ballet dancer so lithe that she seemed to glide across the stage.

A) difficult to work with B) tall

C) displaying effortless grace D) having a snobbish or arrogant attitude

Feedback: Experience clue. You know that a dancer would have to be very graceful to "glide" across the stage.

9. South African leader Nelson Mandela is a magnanimous man who is respected worldwide for his courageous, lifelong effort on behalf of human rights.

A) unsuccessful B) noble in mind and heartC) wealthy, affluent D) bitter and angry

Feedback: General sense of the sentence. A person who works courageously for human rights must have a noble spirit.

10. The captain of the pep squad is vivacious when she performs, but the rest of the time she is calm and low-key.

A) lively, high-spirited B) relaxed and easygoing

C) sad, unhappy D) bored

Feedback: Contrast key. Clue word: but. The way the pep squad captain is when she performs is contrasted with being calm and low-key, the opposite of vivacious.

D. Match each sentence below with one of the following graphs.

1. The investment level rose suddenly. e2. The sales of our products fell slightly in the final quarter. b3. The Research and Development budget has stabilized over the past few years. d4. At the end of the first year, sales stood at 50 per cent of the present level. f5. The price reached a peak before falling a little and then maintaining the same level. a6. There has been a steady increase in costs over several years. h7. The sudden collapse in share prices has surprised everyone. g8. The value of the shares has shown a steady decline. c

E. Complete the list with verbs of increase, decrease and no change from the box.

to rise to decline to climb to peak

to fall off to stay the same/constant to plummet to go down

to plunge to stabilize to go up to remain the same

to peak to level off to plateau to drop

F. Fill in the

gaps with an adverb or adjective from the box below.

dramatic dramatically gradual gradually steeply sharply

slight slightly steady steadily steep sharp

Increase Decrease No change

to riseto peakto go upto climbto peak

to declineto dropto fall offto go downto plungeto plummet

to stay the same/constant to stabilizeto level offto remain the sameto plateau

The world population grew dramatically between 1960 and 2000.

The world population experienced a dramatic growth between 1960 and 2000.

European City Tourism showed a gradual growth of 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.

European City Tourism grew gradually by 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.

Diesel consumption showed a slight increase between 2010 and 2011.

Diesel consumption increased slightly between 2010 and 2011.

Consumption of chocolate fell steadily between 1970 and 2010.

There was a steady fall in consumption of chocolate between 1970 and 2010.

G. The graph below compares the number of visits to two new music sites on the web. Write appropriate sentences describing the graph below. Use the verbs and adverbs in the box and the prompts.

VERBS ADVERBS

go up drop level off peak rise fall

dramatically sharply steadily gradually slightly

1. DAY 2-3 (Music Choice)

Between days 2 and 3, the number of visits to Music Choice goes up steadily.2. DAY 9-11(Pop Parade)

Between days 9 and 11 the number of visits to Pop Parade rises dramatically.3. DAY 14-15 (Music Choice)

Between days 14 and 15 the number of visits to Music Choice drops sharply.4. DAY 1-3 (Pop Parade)

Between days 1 and 3 the number of visits to Pop Parade levels off slightly.5. DAY 3-5 (Pop Parade)

Between days 3 and 5, the number of visits to Pop Parade falls gradually.

b) Rewrite your sentences above using an adjective + noun as in the example:

There is a sharp increase in the number of people using the internet.

1. There is a steady rise in the number of visits to Music Choice.

2. There is a dramatic rise in the number of visits to Pop Parade.

3. There is a sharp drop in the number of visits to Music Choice.

4. There is almost no change in the number of visits to Pop Parade.

5. There is a gradual fall in the number of visits to Pop Parade.H. Answer the questions according to the graph below.

Music choice

Pop Parade

a. Choose the best answer.1. The graph shows ________________________________________

A. The number of books between 1990 and 1999.B. The number of bookstores from 1990 to 1999.C. The sales of a book between 1990 and 1999.D. The ratio of reading books between 1990 and 1999.

2. It can be seen in the graph that ___________________________________

A. Book sales hold steady over time.B. The sales of the book were the lowest in 1994 and 1999.C. Book sales escalated between 1993 and 1995.D. Book sales fluctuated slightly between 1991 and 1994.

b. Look at the graph and mark the sentences below as True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). Correct the false ones.

1. Sales went up sharply between 1990 and 1992. …..T…..2. From 1992 to 1993, the sales remained the same. …..F….. declined dramatically3. Sales started to drop for the first time in 1994. ….F…… 19924. Sales increased from 1994 to 1997. ……T…...5. From 1997 to 1999, sales rose gradually. …...F…… went down (or similar verbs)6. Sales dropped slightly at the beginning of 2000. …..NI……

I. The graph below shows the changes in food consumption by Chinese people between 1985 and 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Put the sentences in the correct order to describe the graph.

a. The graph shows changes in the amount of fish, salt and meat eaten per person per week in China between 1985 and 2010.

b. In 1985, the consumption of fish stood at 610 grams, then increased to 700 grams in 1990. c. The amount consumed decreased steadily from almost 500 grams per person to only 200

grams by 2010.d. However, this gradually increased throughout the period.e. Overall, people in China consumed more fish than either meat or salt throughout the period

and the consumption of fish rose, while the consumption of salt fell.f. The amount of meat consumed weekly started at about 100 grams.g. By 2010 it was at the same level as the consumption of salt.h. In contrast, there was a consistent drop in salt consumption.i. Although it dipped in 1995, it then rose steadily and reached 850 grams in 2010.j. In addition, the consumption of meat, while at a relatively low level, rose significantly during

this period.

J. Fill in the gaps with the correct vocabulary from the box to complete the sample answer for the line graph below.

_1_

_3_

_6_

_8_

_2_

_7_

_9_

_5_

_4_

_10

regarding proportion peaking fluctuated stablegradual rapidly figure a 24 hour dramatic

majority end downward peak most

The line graph illustrates the (1) proportion of people listening to the radio and watching TV who were over

the age of 4 in (2) a 24 hour period, in the UK from October to December 1992. Overall, the (3) majority of

people listened to the radio in the morning while (4) most people watched TV in the evening. Over the 24

hour period, there were more people watching TV than there were listening to the radio.

(5) Regarding the TV, at 1 am the percentage of people watching TV fell under 10%. This (6) figure remained relatively (7) stable until 11 am when there was a (8) gradual increase in people watching TV

before (9) peaking at approximately 45% at around 9 pm. After that time, there was a (10) dramatic drop

in viewers to under 20% by midnight. Similarly, the percentage of listeners to the radio also began low at

under 5%. After continuing at under 5%, the figure then rose (11) rapidly to a (12) peak of almost 30% at

about 8 am. From that point, the proportion of audience (13) fluctuated in a gradual (14) downward trend

to 5% at the (15) end of the day.

K. Read the sample answer for the line graph below. There are 10 wrong interpretations about the graph in the essay. Find and write the correct information next to the related line.

The line graph illustrates the amount of spreads consumed from 1981 to 2007, in grams.

The graph shows the quantity of margarine, low fat spreads

and butter consumed between 1981 and 2007. The

quantities are measured in kilos. Over the period 1981 to

2007 as a whole, there was a significant increase in the

consumption of butter and margarine and a slight increase in the consumption of low fat-fat spreads.

Butter was the least popular fat at the beginning of the

period, and consumption decreased of about 160 grams in

1986. After this, there was a gradual decline. The

consumption of margarine began lower than that for butter

at 90 grams. Before this, in 1991, it exceeded that of butter

for the first time, but after 1996 there was a fluctuating downward trend in the amount consumed, which seemed

set to continue.

Margarine spreads were introduced in 1996, and they saw

a significant rise in their consumption from that time, so that

by about 2001 they were less popular than either butter or

margarine.

________________________________

________________________________

________ grams _______________

_________ decrease _____________ ___ a dramatic /considerable etc. ___

_______________________________

_________ most ________________

___ reached a peak / increased etc. _

______ sharp / dramatic etc._______

______ Following / After __________

________________________________

_____ steady / gradual etc. _______

_______________________________

_______ Low-fat _________________

________________________________

________ more ________________