Higher Education Finance (HE 5840)Dates and Times: This course will be a blended course, using both in-class and on-line learning. On-line learning opportunities, using AsULearn, will replace 20% of in-class time.Boone class10 Thursdays from 5-8 p.m. (1/21, 2/4, 2/11, 2/18, 3/4, 3/25, 4/1, 4/8, 4/22, 4/29)Hickory class5 Fridays, 5-8 p.m. & Saturdays, 9 a.m.-12 p.m. (January 15-16, January 29-30, February 26-27, March 19-20, April 16-17)

Location: Boone: Edwin Duncan Building, Room 317 Hickory: Appalachian Center at Hickory, Room 1118

Instructor:Dr. Jeff Doyle, Director of Residence Life and Adjunct Graduate Faculty P. O. Box 32111 or Room 348 John E. Thomas Building, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608doyleja@appstate.edu, 828.262.7637 (direct line), 828.262.2160 (department main line)You can typically meet with me after class, if necessary, or we can schedule an in-person meeting (if in Boone cohort) or phone conversation (if in Hickory cohort) during the week if you would like.

Course Description:This course is designed to provide students with an overview of the published literature on finance in higher education. With higher education being one the longest lasting institutions in the world, it is important to know how it has survived, if not thrived, financially. The primary content of this overview will include the financial benefits of higher education, access and affordability issues, state and federal funding, price-setting, tuition discounting, merit aid, sources of revenues and expenditures, cost-cutting measures, budgeting and college athletics. Students will learn a framework for staying up-to-date on college finance issues and how to select, read, analyze, and critique literature in the field of college finance.

Learning Outcomes:As a result of this course, students will be able to:1. Explain the current challenges of finance issues in higher education2. Identify the financial benefits of higher education 3. Analyze the pricing framework for higher education and why tuition is so high for many institutions4. Articulate the advantages and disadvantages of merit aid and tuition discounting5. Describe the challenges of and possible solutions to college access and affordability6. Explain the rationale for and impact of college debt7. Evaluate the primary sources of federal aid to higher education and their impact on attendance8. Evaluate the primary sources of state aid to higher education and their impact on attendance9. Identify the main revenue sources for higher education and strategies for increasing them10. Identify the main expenditures for higher education and means for reducing these costs11. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of approaches to college budgeting12. Articulate the reasons for and against the money spent on college athletics13. Identify how to stay current on college finance issues

Textbook:Currently, there is no ideal textbook for a class where staying current with the changes in higher education finance is essential. Therefore, this class will rely on articles and reports that have been published in recent years. By the end of class students will be aware of, if not have read, many relevant articles on college finance in the past five years.

Course Dates and TopicsEach class there will be at least one presentation on a professional organization in higher education financeClass 1 Syllabus overview and get-to-know-you activities

An introduction to higher education finance and the financial benefits of a college education Class 2 Theories behind higher education prices and costsClass 3 College access and affordability Class 4 Merit aid, tuition discounting, and student debtClass 5 Federal financial involvement in higher education Class 6 State financial involvement in higher educationClass 7 College costs and ideas for reducing costsClass 8 Budgeting issues and approaches in higher educationClass 9 Sources of revenue in higher education (outside tuition)Class 10 Financial issues for college athletics

Writing Policy:There will be writing assignments throughout the semester. If you don’t do as well as you would like on an assignment, you may ask to improve it for an improved grade. Assignments will be submitted through AsUlearn.appstate.edu. Your tuition dollars pay for the Writing Center. Please go there for assistance unless you are confident in your writing abilities.

Learning Accommodations:Appalachian is committed to making reasonable accommodations for individuals with documented qualifying disabilities in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Those seeking accommodations based on a substantially limiting disability must contact and register with The Office of Disability Services (ODS) at http://www.ods.appstate.edu/ or 828-262-3056. Once registration is complete, individuals will meet with ODS staff to discuss eligibility and appropriate accommodations.

Electronic Device Policy:All cell phones and other electronic equipment that make disturbing noise must be turned off or silenced during class.

Inclement Weather Policy:If Appalachian State University is closed, class will be canceled that day. This class will be made up in some form.

Academic Integrity Policy:As a community of learners at Appalachian State University, we must create an atmosphere of honesty, fairness, and responsibility, without which we cannot earn the trust and respect of each other. Furthermore, we recognize that academic dishonesty detracts from the value of an Appalachian degree. Therefore, we shall not tolerate lying, cheating, or stealing in any form and will oppose any instance of academic dishonesty. This course will follow the provisions of the Academic Integrity Code, which can be found on the Student Conduct web site: www.studentconduct.appstate.edu. As defined by the Academic Integrity Policy, violations include:

Lying: False academic information in any form. Cheating: The use of fraud or deceit to gain an advantage in academic endeavors. Plagiarism: Presenting the words or ideas of another as one's own work or ideas. All directly quoted material

must be properly cited. Plagiarism includes but is not limited to borrowing and paraphrasing without acknowledgment and allowing a person's academic work to be submitted as another's work.

Unauthorized Assistance: Giving or receiving assistance not specifically permitted by an instructor. Assisting Code Violations: Helping another student violate the Code. Examples of assisting code violations

include but are not limited to allowing another student to copy work, provide answers to questions appearing on assignments, quizzes, or exams, unauthorized collaboration, and taking an exam for another student.

In addition, you may not submit an assignment that has been submitted previously for another class. Each assignment that you turn in should have the Honor Pledge handwritten and signed on the cover page of each assignment. The Honor Pledge is signed and should be written as follows:

“I have not violated the Appalachian State University Academic Integrity Code.”

Grading Policy :It is difficult to assess learning. One of the more established means for measuring learning is a class grade. Since it is required, you will be given a grade that attempts to calculate your learning achievements in this class. Your final grade will be based on the work you complete throughout the course. Assignments will be marked for completion and quality of work and be counted toward the final grade. Extra credit is possible if requested in advance. Students can earn the following grades in this class: A (93-100), A- (90-92), B+ (87-89), B (83-86), B- (80-82), C (<80)

Overall Point Breakdown:Class attendance and participation (including reading summaries) 200 (20 points each class)Reading meaning 250 (25 points each class)Active learning assignments 200 (20 points each class)Current issues in college finance 300 (15 pts/post, 7 pts/comment)

Professional association involved in college finance 50TOTAL 1,000 total points

Class attendance and participation:In class discussion is one of the most important methods of learning. It is difficult to adequately replace the dynamics of a group of people learning from each other in one setting. When everyone has one and it is easily integrated, webcams with microphones may come close to replicating this experience. Until then, you are expected to attend all classes.

Points will be awarded based on the extent of your involvement in class. A three-point scale is used and threes can only be earned by demonstrating engagement and involvement in the course material during class time. One absence can be made up with extra credit work equaling the time spent in class. If you are absent, you are responsible for contacting a classmate for the information covered and assignments given or due. Assignments turned in late will not receive full credit. You are also expected to come to class on time. Late arrivals will be noted and automatically lower your attendance and participation grade. However, I would rather you arrive late than not at all.

Your class participation will be based on your engagement, questions posed, and insightful comments regarding the reading. Both verbal and non-verbal engagement in class discussions is expected. For example, if you bring a laptop, be prepared to show you are tracking fully with the class. I will assume for a master’s level course that all students are doing the reading. However, if it appears some students are not doing the reading, quizzes may be employed.

Class readings summaries (component of class participation):Each class we read a number of articles. The class before, each student will select one reading to orally summarize in ~2 minutes. When this article is discussed in class you will begin the discussion with an article summary that includes: 1) a few key points of the article, 2) what you found most interesting, and 3) an open-ended question based on the reading.

Reading meaning:One way to qualitatively assess a highlight of your reading each week is through a prompt question. Most students generally prefer this approach to a final exam or regular quizzes. Each week, 24 hours before class, everyone is expected to answer a question in 250-1,000 words. The following question will be used unless otherwise noted, “What, from the readings, most impacted how you think about higher education finance this week?” It is expected that you will integrate your thoughts on multiple articles from our reading each week. Please make references (they don’t need to be cited) to the specific readings you are incorporating. You will be graded on a 5 point scale. Scores of fours and fives are reserved for responses that integrate and mention multiple articles and your thoughts on these articles.

Active learning assignments:For each class you will have 1-2 assignments related to the topic that provides a more active learning experience for you. The goal of these assignments is to bring the knowledge of that week to life in some practical way. Students should complete these assignments in 250-1,000 words. No credit is awarded for copying responses from a website. Students will post these assignments in a forum where they cannot see others’ posts until their post is up. Students are required to comment on at least one other person’s post. More comments can earn extra credit. Active learning assignments are graded on a 3-point scale; 3 = great work, 2 = satisfactory work, 1 = partial credit, 0 = no credit.

Current issues in higher education finance:Most of the issues discussed in class this year will be irrelevant in 5-10 years. It is important that students learn to stay current with the changing landscape of higher education finance. Therefore, students must sign up for at least one daily update in higher education. Several of the most well known sites with the link to their daily update are:

Inside Higher Ed can be accessed at: https://www.insidehighered.com/sign_up University Business can be accessed at: http://www.universitybusiness.com/subscriptions/email_daily_sub.aspx Academic Impressions can be accessed at: http://www.academicimpressions.com/ The Chronicle can be accessed at: https://chronicle.com/services/create_account?goto=%2Fservices%2Femail_lists

(If you cannot get full access to the Chronicle of Higher Education, you can go through the library to access it.)

Read your daily update(s), and in particular, articles related to higher education finance. Six times time over the semester students are expected to find something that interests them in one of these daily updates. You will provide a link to the article you read and a 100-word summary on what you liked about the article and why you posted it. You must have at least three posts by Spring Break and no more than one every week. Once an article link and summary is posted it cannot be posted by someone else. Articles will be posted on a forum on the AsULearn course site.

In addition, every week by noon on the day of class you are expected to have read links of classmates and add a comment of at least 50 words to at least two other links. Your comments should be of substance and not versions of “interesting point” or “I agree”. More comments and article postings are welcomed and will result in extra credit.

How to make time to read:I am often asked how I am able to read so much and balance this with other personal and professional responsibilities. My ten commandments are below. My “great commandment” is treat reading as a treat, not as a chore!1. Block out time (start small) each week – do this now, several weeks in advance, before your calendar fills up2. Get together a group of people reading the same thing and discuss your readings3. Read when there are not many students or other potential distractions around your office (i.e. early mornings)4. Shut your door or go someplace else (i.e. library, coffee shop) when you read5. Set a deadline by when you must submit a book review or present on the book6. Bring an audio book to listen to on trips or long drives7. Read before going to bed each night (or right when you wake up in the morning)8. Read on breaks – at lunch, while waiting in line, watching your children – usually best for lighter reading9. Read while working out (i.e. elliptical or stationary bike)10. Carry some reading material everywhere you go (keep it in your vehicle also)

Professional Associations Involved in College FinanceProfessional associations are often the fertile ground for the dissemination of important knowledge related to college finance. Understanding the types and purposes of professional associations related to college finance is an important guidepost for staying aware of future knowledge and research. You will select one higher education finance-related professional associations from the list below. If you would like to select an association not listed please have it approved first. To minimize overlap, associations will be claimed on AsULearn. Be sure to research your association’s involvement in college finance issues. In addition, please share one professional association you are a member of or hope to join in the near future. Extra credit will be awarded to students who make contact with representatives of the association to review answers to questions below or learn more. One or two students will present their summary each week for no more than 5-7 minutes each. Attach, on AsULearn, a 250-500 word summary of each association that might include:

1. The purpose of the association and its primary “work” each year2. What groups of people or organizations in higher education are primarily involved (i.e. business officers)?3. A brief history of the association (this may take a phone call or email)4. Name of 1-2 conferences or events this association sponsors including the date, location, and registration cost5. A description of any interesting newsletters or journals published by the association6. The bulk of your presentation should be an overview of publications or resources related to college finance that

can be accessed through this professional association. For full credit, highlight several specific examples in class.

Sampling of Professional Associations Involved in Higher Education Finance

1. ACE: American Council on Education - http://www.acenet.edu/ 2. CFNC: College Foundation of North Carolina - http://www.cfnc.org/ 3. College Board (Higher Education) - http://professionals.collegeboard.com/educator/higher-ed4. CSPN: College Savings Plan Network - http://www.collegesavings.org/ 5. CASE: Council for Advancement and Support of Education - http://www.case.org/ 6. The Delta Project on Postsecondary Education Costs, Productivity, and Accountability -

http://www.deltacostproject.org/ 7. Federal Student Aid - http://www.federalstudentaid.ed.gov/ 8. FinAid - http://www.finaid.org/ 9. IHEP: Institute for Higher Education Policy - http://www.ihep.org/ 10. The John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy - http://www.popecenter.org/ 11. Lumina Foundation for Higher Education - http://www.luminafoundation.org/ (include KnowHow2Go)12. Making Opportunity Affordable - http://makingopportunityaffordable.org/ 13. NACUBO: National Association of College and University Business Officers - http://www.nacubo.org/ 14. NAICU: National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities - http://naicu.edu/15. NASFAA: National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - http://nasfaa.org/ and

NCASFAA: North Carolina Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators - http://www.ncasfaa.com/ 16. NASSGAP: National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs - http://www.nassgap.org/ 17. National Postsecondary Student Aid Study - http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/npsas/

Access through – National Center for Educational Statistics - http://nces.ed.gov/18. NCPPHE: National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education - http://www.highereducation.org/19. Pathways to College Network - http://pathwaystocollege.net/20. SHEEO: State Higher Education Executive Officers - http://www.sheeo.org/ 21. TICAS: The Institute for College Access and Success - http://www.ticas.org/ 22. WICHE: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education - http://www.wiche.edu/

Higher Education Finance Class Readings and AssignmentsReadings for Class #1 - Introduction to higher education finance and the financial benefits of higher education Lovett, C. M. (2002, March/April). Cracks in the bedrock: Can U.S. higher education remain number one? Change , pp. 11-15. (you can find this article using library.appstate.edu)

Secretary of Education’s Commission on the Future of Higher Education. (2006, September). A test of leadership: Charting the future of U.S. higher education. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education. pp. ix-29. http://www.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/hiedfuture/reports/final-report.pdf

Baum, S. & Ma, J. (2009). Education pays: The benefits of higher education for individuals and society. Washington, D.C.: College Board. pp. 1-42. http://www.trends-collegeboard.com/education_pays/pdf/2009_Trends_Education_Pays.pdf

Cherry, T.L., McKee, M. & Millsaps, S.W. (2008, June). Appalachian State University Economic and Tax Revenue Impacts: FY 2006. Boone, NC: Center for Economic Research and Policy Analysis. pp. 2-11. http://www.appstate.edu/about/appalachian_economic_impact.pdf

Active learning assignment for Class #1 1. Describe how this class will be helpful to you in your current job or a new job you hope to have in the next 5 years. 2. If you were to be put in charge of implementing one of the recommendations in the Secretary of Education’s report,

which one would it be and why?

Readings for Class #2 - Institutional price settingWinston, G.C. (1997, November). College costs: Subsidies, intuition, and policy. National Commission on the Cost of Higher Education. pp. 1-25. http://www.williams.edu/wpehe/DPs/DP-45.pdf

Archibald, R.B., & Feldman, D.H. (2008, May/June). Why do higher education costs rise more rapidly than prices in general? Change, pp. 25-31. (find using library.appstate.edu)

Badolato, V. (2008, November). Tuition policy and practice. Boulder, CO: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. pp 1-7. http://www2.wiche.edu/files/gwypf/badolato.pdf

Baum, S. & Ma, J. (2009). Trends in college pricing. Washington, D.C.: College Board. pp. 2-18. http://www.trends-collegeboard.com/college_pricing/pdf/2009_Trends_College_Pricing.pdf

Winston, G.C. (1999, Winter). Subsidies, hierarchy, and peers: The awkward economics of higher education. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13 (1), pp. 13-34. (find using library.appstate.edu)

Archibald, R.B., & Feldman, D.H. (2009, August 10). College administrations are too bloated? Compared with what? The Chronicle of Higher Education. (find using library.appstate.edu)

Active learning assignment for Class #21. Choose two private and two public (assume you are in-state) universities. You might select institutions you did or

wish you had attended or that your children or friends are considering. Find out what the listed price (sticker price) is (probably relatively easy to find on website). Why do you think the differences you discover exist? See if you can find the average net price students pay at that 1-2 of these institutions. This is going to be a challenge – do your best – this not required. The net price is the amount the average student pays due to financial aid students receive at that institution. Include these numbers on your assignment.

Readings for Class #3 - Access and AffordabilityJaschik, S. (2008, November 26). Need blind, but ‘gapping’. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/11/26/aid

Schworm, P. (2009, February 24). Economy lifting college prospects of the well-heeled. Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2009/02/24/economy_lifting_college_prospects_of_the_well_heeled/ Sallie May and Gallup. (2009, September). How America Saves for College. pp. v-viii (forward and highlights of findings)Wilkes-Barre, PA. http://www.salliemae.com/NR/rdonlyres/93CCB661-7A79-40D5-B449-E6E098FC94C1/11492/GCR2123HowAmericaSavesforCollege2009Report.pdf

Sallie May and Gallup. (2009, August). How America Pays for College. pp. v-viii (forward and highlights of findings)Wilkes-Barre, PA. http://www.salliemae.com/NR/rdonlyres/52D9FB57-D14A-46EA-A6D9-AECB284D13FD/11499/GCR1979_2009_PAYS_survey_final_091609.pdf

Pappano, L. (2009, April 19). Dividing up the pot. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/19/education/edlife/finaid-pappano-t.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1&ref=education

Shireman, R. (2009, March/April). College affordability and student success. Change. pp. 54-56.

Immerwahr, J. and Johnson, J. (2008, August). Is college opportunity slipping away? Parents and the public voice concerns about higher educatin access and affordability. San Jose, CA: The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education Policy Alert. pp. 1-8. http://www.highereducation.org/pa_college_opp/College_Opportunity.pdf

The Institute for College Access and Success. (2008, October). Paving the way: How financial aid awareness affects college access and success. Berkeley, CA. pp. 1-9. http://ticas.org/files/pub/Paving_the_Way.pdf

Leonhardt, D. (2008, April 20). The (yes) low cost of higher ed. New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/education/edlife/essay.html

National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities. (2009). Enhancing affordability. Washington, D.C. http://www.naicu.edu/special_initiatives/affordability/about/ (you don’t have to read all of this one – just look at a few entries in each category)

Glenn. D. (2009, January 5). Economist describes a missing pool of low-income college applicants. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Guess, A. (2008, October 30). Increasing access, the online way. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/10/30/cfnc

Carnevale, A. (2009, January 12). College affordability: The wolf in sheep’s clothing. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2009/01/12/carnevale

The Institute for College Access and Success. (2009, February). Quick facts about financial aid and community colleges. Berkeley, CA. http://www.ticas.org/files/pub/cc_fact_sheet.pdf

Jaschik, S. (2009, October 27). Competitiveness reconsidered. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/10/27/hoxby

The Project on Student Debt. (2009, August). Private loans: Facts and trends. Berkeley, CA. http://www.projectonstudentdebt.org/files/pub/private_loan_facts_trends_09.pdf

Allen, S. (2009, February). 8 Tuition-free colleges. Mental Floss Blog. http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22573

Adelman, C. (2007, July/August). Do we really have a college access problem? Change, pp. 48-51.

Active learning assignment for Class #31. Select a higher education institution that you always wish you had considered attending as an undergraduate. Call

the financial aid office and ask them questions about how you would pay for college if you were to enroll next fall (or you can ask for your children, relatives, etc.). Ask for a copy of an example of a financial aid award and student budget for tuition, fees, room, board, books, transportation, and other living expenses. Ask any other questions you have about how the financial aid office helps students pay for college. Write up how this process went for you – was it easy or difficult to find someone and get you the help you needed?

2. If you given $100 million and you had to spend it on methods for increasing college access and affordability at higher education institutions in North Carolina, what would you spend it on? Describe your reasons for your decision(s).

Readings for Class #4 - Merit Aid, Tuition Discounting, and DebtRogers, K.R., & Heller, D.E. (November, 2003). Moving on: State policies to address academic brain drain in the South. Portland, OR: Forum on Public Policy in Higher Education. http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/d/e/deh29/papers/ASHE_2003_brain_drain.pdf

Doyle, W.R. (2009, November/December). Hard choices. Change, pp. 50-54.

Carey, K. (2009, September 17). Wasting financial aid on rich people. The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/blogPost/Wasting-Financial-Aid-on-Ri/8087/

Jaschik, S. (2009, July 31). The real costs of merit aid. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/07/31/merit

Supiano, B. (2009, September 21). With state budgets tanking, cost of merit-based scholarships gets a second look. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Blumenstyk, G. (2009, May 29). Colleges undermine their value when they put tuition ‘on sale’. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Davis, J.S. (2003, May). Unintended consequences of tuition discounting. Indianapolis, IN: Lumina Foundation for Education. pp. 1-25. http://www.luminafoundation.org/publications/Tuitiondiscounting.pdf

Gillen, A. (2009, April). Financial aid in theory and practice: Why it is ineffective and what can be done about it. Washington, D.C.: Center for College Affordability and Productivity. pp. 1-35. http://www.centerforcollegeaffordability.org/uploads/Financial_Aid_in_Theory_and_Practice.pdf

Steele, P. & Baum, S. (2009, August). How much are students borrowing? College Board Policy Brief. http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/cb-policy-brief-college-stu-borrowing-aug-2009.pdf

Kristof, K. (2009, February 2). The Great College Hoax. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/0202/060.html

Applebaum, R., Monks, J., Collinge, A.M., Kamenetz, A., & McCluskey, N.P. (2009, June 14). How much student debt is too much? The New York Times. http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/how-much-student-debt-is-too-much/

Wright, A. (2009, June 30). New loan-repayment program allows student borrowers to pay as they earn. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Wilson, R. (2009, May 22). A lifetime of student debt? Not likely. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Bousquet, M. (2009, May 22). No problem with student debt? The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/blogPost/No-Problem-With-Student-Debt-/6907/ (there are some really interesting comments on this blogpost but you only are required to read the initial post)

Active learning assignment for Class #41. Choose one state merit aid program in class (we will try to cover them all). Find out what a high school senior would

need to do to qualify for the merit aid and what the highest amount of merit aid he/she could earn from the programs you select. Some options include: Bright Futures (FL) Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally (HOPE, GA) Lottery Success Scholarships (NM) Legislative Incentive for Future Excellence scholarship (LIFE, SC)Arkansas Academic Challenge Scholarship Kentucky Educational Excellence Scholarship (KEES)University of Alaska Scholars (AK) Taylor Opportunity Program for Students (TOPS, LA)Tennessee Education Lottery Scholarship (TELS) Mississippi Eminent Scholars Grant (MESG)Cal Grant A (CA) Providing Real Opportunities for Maximizing In-state Student Excellence (PROMISE, WV)

2. Try to find out two private higher education institutions’ tuition discount rate. How did you find this information? What did you think about what you found?

Readings for Class #5 - Federal Financial Involvement in Higher Education Baum, S. (2007, March/April). It’s time for serious reform of the student-aid system. Change, pp. 14-20.

Longanecker, D. (January/February, 2006). A tale of two pities: The story of public higher education finance in America. Change, 14-25. Wolanin, T.R. (2003). The federal role in higher education. The National Education Association 2003 Almanac of Higher Education, 39-51. http://www.nea.org/assets/img/PubAlmanac/ALM_09_03.pdf

Lederman, D. (2009, April 23). (Further) rethinking student aid. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/04/23/nasfaa

American Council on Education. (2008, August). ACE analysis of higher education act reauthorization. Washington, DC. pp. 1-10. http://www.acenet.edu/e-newsletters/p2p/ACE_HEA_analysis_818.pdf

The Chronicle of Higher Education. (2008, August 8). The new higher education act: Where it comes up short. Volume 54, issue 48.

Hebel, S. (2009, June 24). Education dept. plan would make it easier to apply for student aid. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Lederman, D. (2009, December 15). Appropriations as an afterthought. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/12/15/approps

Lederman, D. (2009, October 8). Served, yes, but well-served? Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/10/08/pell

Kelderman, E. (2009, June 12). Stimulus money helps colleges avoid slashing budgets now, but big cuts may loom. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Baum, S. & Steele, P. (2009). Trends in student aid. College Board, pp. 2-18. http://www.trends-collegeboard.com/student_aid/pdf/2009_Trends_Student_Aid.pdf

Active learning assignment for Class #51. Select one of the federally funded programs below in class (one per person if possible) and read about it on the web.

What did you learn about it that you did not know before researching it? Work-Study FFEL Program Perkins Loan Pell Grant GEAR Up Upward Bound (TRIO) Student Support Services (TRIO) Strengthening HSIs Strengthening HBCUs Strengthening AITCCUsFIPSE Federal Earmarks to Higher Ed. American Opportunity Tax Credit

Readings for Class #6 - State Financial Involvement in Higher EducationThe National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education. (2008, December). Measuring up 2008: The national report card on higher education. San Jose, CA. pp. 4-26. http://measuringup2008.highereducation.org/print/NCPPHEMUNationalRpt.pdf

The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education. (2008, December). Measuring up 2008: The state report card on higher education. San Jose, CA. pp. 2-12. http://measuringup2008.highereducation.org/print/state_reports/long/NC.pdf

AASCU State Relations and Policy Analysis Research Team. (2009, January). Top 10 state policy issues for higher education in 2009. American Association of State Colleges and Universities Policy Brief. pp 1-6. http://www.aascu.org/media/pm/pdf/pmjan09.pdf

Longanecker, D.A. (2008, November). The states and student financial aid: A mixed bag with mixed results. Boulder, CO: Boulder, CO: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. pp 1-9. http://www2.wiche.edu/files/gwypf/dal_finaid.pdf

Bell, J.D. (2008, November). The nuts and bolts of the higher education legislative appropriations process. Boulder, CO: Boulder, CO: Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. pp 1-9. http://www2.wiche.edu/files/gwypf/bell_appropriations.pdf

Zumeta, W. (2009). State support of higher education: The roller coaster plunges downward yet again. The NEA 2009 Almanac of Higher Education. pp. 29-40. http://www2.nea.org/he/healma2k9/images/al09p29.pdf

Carey, K. (2009, May 8). College savings plans: A bad gamble. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 55, issue 35.

Eckstein, M. (2009, March 13). Aid to private colleges goes on states’ chopping blocks. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 55, issue 27.

Jaschik, S. (2009, June 10). Location, location, location. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/06/10/approps

Kelderman, E. (2009, May 1). Public colleges consider privatization as a cure for the common recession. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 55, issue 34.

Vestal, C. (2009, December 2). After furloughs, states mull permanent cuts. Stateline.org. http://www.stateline.org/live/details/story?contentId=440784

Doyle, W. R. & Delaney, J. A. (2009, July/August). Higher education funding: The new normal. Change.

Active learning assignment for Class #61. Select one state other than North Carolina in class (one per person) and read the 2008 “report card” on this other

state’s funding for higher education. Compare it to the report card you read on North Carolina for class. Describe differences between the states’ report cards (and a few similarities if you want). What surprised you?

Readings for Class #7 - College Costs and Ideas for Reducing CostsWellman, J. (2008, November/December). The higher education funding disconnect: Spending more, getting less. Change , pp. 19-25.

Dickeson, R.C. (2006). Frequently asked questions about college costs. Issue Paper to inform the work of the Secretary of Education’s Commission on the Future of Higher Education. http://www.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/hiedfuture/reports/dickeson2.pdf

Facione, P.A. (2009, March 20). A straight-talk survival guide for college. The Chronicle of Higher Education. National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities. (2009). Controlling costs. http://www.naicu.edu/special_initiatives/affordability/news_room/ (you don’t have to read all of this one – look at a few entries in each category)

Karelis, C., & Trachtenberg, S.J. (2008, December 7). How to make colleges twice as productive. Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/12/07/double_u/

Brainard, J; Fain, P.; & Masterson, K. (2009, April 24). Support-staff jobs double in 20 years, outpacing enrollment. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Selingo, J.J. (2009, February 27). Do frills have a future? In an age of austerity, basic may make a comeback. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Jaschik, S. (2008, August 25). Will more college merge? Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/08/25/mergers

Smith, J., Tillman, K., & Coman, H. (2008, November). Streamlining the system. Business Officer. Volume 42, issue 5. http://cmsdev.nacubo.org/nacubo/x1758.xml

Coplin, W. D. (2006, January 27). Seven ways colleges can cut costs in their classrooms. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Martin, R.E. (2009, July). The revenue-to-cost spiral in higher education. The John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy. http://www.popecenter.org/acrobat/revenue-to-cost-spiral.pdf

Gross, K. (2009, November/December). Pausing, pondering, and partnering: Communicating in financially challenging times. Change, pp. 6-9.

Kuh, G. (2009, September). Hard truths in dark times: Avoiding campus climate depression in a recession. Journal of College and Character. http://www.collegevalues.org/pdfs/Kuh_hard_truths.pdf

Jones, D. & Wellman, J. (2009, August). Rethinking conventional wisdom about higher ed finance. Delta Project on Postsecondary Costs, Productivity, and Accountability and National Center for Higher Education Management Systems . http://www.deltacostproject.org/resources/pdf/advisory_10_Myths.pdf

Active learning assignment for Class #71. In your informed opinion, what are 1-3 of the best ideas for cutting costs in higher education? In other words, what

are 1-3 areas where some colleges are not doing enough to save money? Write 100-300 words on this topic and be sure to explain why these ideas are important and relevant. Email your idea to someone who may appreciate your contribution. I recommend 2 options; 1) a newspaper (university, local, etc.) or 2) someone on a college’s leadership team (vice-president or higher). Copy me on the response if you receive one.

Readings for Class #8 - Budgeting issues and approachesLasher, W.F. & Greene, D.L. (2001). College and university budgeting: What do we know? What do we need to know? pp. 428-461. In J.L. Yeager, G.M. Nelson, E.A. Potter, J.C. Weidman, and T.Z. Zullo (eds.) ASHE Reader on Finance in Higher Education. Needham Heights, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing.

Stripling, J. (2008, November 11). ‘Free market’ for higher ed. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/11/11/cincinnati

Lederman, D. (2009, December 28). Performance (de-) funding. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/12/28/indiana

Moltz, D. (2009, April 30). Adopting performance-based funding. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/04/30/ohio

Schmidt, P. (2009, April 16). Performance-based college financing systems often die young, researchers say. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

The Chronicle of Higher Education. (2009, March 13). 13 Reasons colleges are in this mess.

Stripling, J. (2009, February 12). Interstate commerce. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/02/12/tuition

Jaschik, S. (2009, October 16). Out-of-state dreams. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/10/16/outofstate

Wright, A. (2009, August 10). Public colleges brace for expected drop in out-of-state students and the revenue they provide. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Glater, J.D. (2007, September 4). As support lags, colleges tack on student fees. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/04/education/04fees.html

Stripling, J. (2009, June 18). Bond issue(s). Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/06/18/bonds

Blumenstyk, G. (2009, April 10). Debt bomb is ticking loudly on campuses. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Gose, B. (2005, January 28). The companies that colleges keep. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Chabotar, K. J. (2009, June 5). The mistakes to avoid. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2009/06/05/chabotar

Blumenstyk, G. (2009, June 12). More than 100 colleges fail Education Department’s test of financial strength. The Chronicle of Higher Education. In addition, check out this website and find some interesting to you about a college that has closed - http://www2.westminster-mo.edu/wc_users/homepages/staff/brownr/ClosedCollegeIndex.htm

Board of Governors of the University of North Carolina. (2008, November). 2009-11 Budget Priorities. http://www.northcarolina.edu/finance/budget/FINAL_2009-11_Budget.pdf (skim this document and note a couple items that caught your interest)

Active learning assignment for Class #81. Select a college or university that interests you and claim it on a first come, first taken basis using the designated

forum on asulearn.appstate.edu. Find out what division, department, or office oversees the institution’s budget. Schedule a phone (or in-person) appointment with someone in that office who can answer the questions listed below. Make notes on your interview and ask any additional questions you so wish. Summarize the interview.Questions to consider asking1. What do you like most and least about your job? 2. How has the current economic downturn affected your department? 3. Will you please explain your budget planning and preparation process? 4. What person(s) approve the budget? Do these approving persons ever make changes to your budget? If yes,

what is one example?5. If you have to cut money from the budget (i.e. lower than expected enrollment, state mandate, etc.) how does

the university approach this?6. When you consider capital expenses that will result in additional debt, how to do you make decisions about how

much debt is too much?7. At the end of the fiscal year, how much money is typically not spent from that year’s budget? Where does this

money go?8. What are some new things happening in your department that promise to improve how things are done?9. If you could eliminate 1-3 expenses from the university budget that would ultimately be best for the university,

what would it be? 10. What incentives exist for departments and employees to spend less university money?11. Is there anything else about budgeting at your institution I should know?

Readings for Class #9 - Sources of Revenue (outside tuition)Weisbrod, B.A.; Ballou, J.P. & Asch, E.D. (2008). Mission and Money: Understanding the University. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 102-174. Chapters 6 – The place of donations in funding the higher education industry. Chapter 7 – Endowments and their management: financing the mission. Chapter 8 – Generating revenue from research and patents. Chapter 9 – Other ways to generate revenue - Wherever it may be found: Lobbying, the world market, and distance education.

Masterson, K. (2009, April 3). College’s billion-dollar campaigns feel the economy’s sting. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Stripling, J. (2009, November 18). Flexible fund raising. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/11/18/fundraising

Healy, B. (2009, November 29). Harvard ignored warnings about investments. The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2009/11/29/harvard_ignored_warnings_about_investments/

Lederman, D. (2009, December 10). Slight rebound for endowments. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/12/10/endow

Active learning assignment for Class #91. Select a college or university that interests you and claim it on a first come, first taken basis using the designated

forum on asulearn.appstate.edu. Find out what division, department, and/or office oversees the fundraising. Schedule a phone (or in-person) appointment with someone in that office who can answer the questions listed below. Make notes on the answers you receive and ask any additional questions you so wish. Compile the results of your interview on 1-2 pages.Questions to consider asking:1. What do you like most and least about your job? 2. Will you please explain the different fundraising functions of your department? 3. What is your institution’s most successful approach to fundraising?4. What is the most difficult thing to learn about working in fundraising?5. How do you prevent different university employees from asking the same people for money?6. How has the current economic downturn affected your department? 7. Is there anything else about fundraising at your institution I should know?

Readings for Class #10 - Finance Issues for College AthleticsLederman, D. (2008, May 16). A (money) losing proposition. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/05/16/ncaa

Belson, K. (2009, May 4). Universities cutting teams as they trim their budgets. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/sports/04colleges.html

Sander, L. (2009, May 1). Sports budgets outpace university spending over all, report finds. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Wolverson, B. (2009, May 15). As cutbacks hit college sports, baseball falls behind in the count. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Moltz, D. (2009, January 21). Looking to sports to bolster enrollments. Inside Higher Ed. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/01/21/ncaa

Wolverton, B. (2009, January 23). For athletics, a billion-dollar goal line. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Wolverton, B. (2009, May 20). Commercialization in college sports may have ‘crossed the line,’ congressional report says. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Sander, L. & Wolverton, B. (2009, September 28). Debt loads weigh heavily on athletics programs. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Sander, L. (2009, October 26). Presidents favor reining in athletics costs but feel powerless to effect change. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Thomas, K. (2009, November 17). SUNY weighs the value of division I sports. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/sports/17suny.html

Brown, G. (2009, October 20). Latest athletics fiscal data hint at moderation. National Collegiate Athletic Association.

http://www.ncaa.org/wps/ncaa?key=/ncaa/ncaa/ncaa+news/ncaa+news+online/2009/division+i/latest+athletics+fiscal+data+hint+at+moderation_10_20_09_ncaa_news

Brown, G. (2003, August 18). Eight-year study of sports spending takes myths to task. National Collegiate Athletic Association. http://www.ncaa.org/wps/ncaa?key=/ncaa/ncaa/ncaa+news/ncaa+news+online/2003/association-wide/eight-year+study+of+sports+spending+takes+myths+to+task+-+8-18-03

Weisbrod, B.A.; Ballou, J.P. & Asch, E.D. (2008). Mission and Money: Understanding the University. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 218-250. Chapter 13 – Intercollegiate athletics: Money or mission?

Active learning assignment for Class #101. Choose one of your favorite articles from any week this semester. Draft a 150-200 word email for the author that

explains why you liked the article and ask the author one question you still had about the article. Find the author’s email address (this may take a phone call to their organization) and send them the email 3 days before this week’s class. Hopefully, you can share a response from them in class. Copy me on a response if you receive one.