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Chapter 02

Marketing Strategy Planning

True / False Questions

1. Planning, implementation, and control are basic jobs of all managers. True False

2. Controlling the marketing plan is the first step of the marketing management

process. True False

3. The three basic jobs in the marketing management process are planning,

implementation, and control. True False

4. The marketing management process consists of (1) planning marketing activities, (2)

directing the implementation of the plans, and (3) controlling these plans. True False

5. Strategic planning is a top management job that includes planning only for

marketing. True False

6. Strategic planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match

between an organization's resources and its market opportunities. True False

7. Strategic (management) planning is a managerial process of developing and

maintaining a match between the resources of the production department and its product opportunities. True False

8. Finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies are

the tasks included in the marketing manager's marketing strategy planning job. True False

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McGraw-Hill Education.


9. Marketing strategy planning is the process of deciding how best to sell the products the firm produces. True False

10. A marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix.

True False

11. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts-a target market and a

marketing mix. True False

12. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts-planning and

implementation. True False

13. The two parts of a marketing strategy are an attractive opportunity and a target

market. True False

14. A target market consists of a group of consumers who are usually quite different.

True False

15. A marketing mix consists of the uncontrollable variables which a company puts

together to satisfy a target market. True False

16. Target marketing aims a marketing mix at some specific target customers.

True False

17. Mass marketing means focusing on some specific customers, as opposed to

assuming that everyone is the same and will want whatever the firm offers. True False

18. The mass marketing approach is more production-oriented than marketing-oriented.

True False

19. The terms mass marketing and mass marketers mean the same thing.

True False

20. "Mass marketers" like Target usually try to aim at clearly defined target markets.

True False




21. The problem with target marketing is that it limits the firm to small market segments. True False

22. Potential customers are all alike.

True False

23. The four "Ps" are: Product, Promotion, Price, and Personnel.

True False

24. The "four Ps" of the marketing mix are: Product, Position, Promotion, and Price.

True False

25. The "four Ps" of the marketing mix are: People, Products, Price, and Promotion.

True False

26. Product, Place, Promotion, and Price are the four major variables (decision areas) in a

firm's marketing mix. True False

27. The customer is a part of the marketing mix and should be the target of all marketing

efforts. True False

28. Although the customer should be the target of all marketing efforts, customers are

not part of a marketing mix. True False

29. The customer should not be considered part of a "marketing mix."

True False

30. The Product area is concerned with developing the right physical good, service, or

blend of both for the target market. True False

31. According to the text, a firm that sells a service rather than a physical good does not

have a product. True False

32. The Product area of the marketing mix may involve a service and/or a physical good,

which satisfies some customers' needs. True False




33. The Place decisions are concerned with getting the right product to the target market at the right time. True False

34. Any series of firms (or individuals) from producer to final user or consumer is a

channel of distribution. True False

35. A channel of distribution is any series of firms or individuals that participate in the

flow of products from producer to final user or consumer. True False

36. A channel of distribution must include an intermediary.

True False

37. A channel of distribution must include several kinds of intermediaries and

collaborators. True False

38. Personal selling, mass selling, and sales promotion are all included in the Promotion

area of the marketing mix. True False

39. Promotion is composed of personal selling, advertising, publicity, and sales

promotion. True False

40. Personal selling involves direct personal communication to get the sale, but personal

attention is seldom required after the sale. True False

41. Customer service is needed when a customer wants the seller to resolve a problem

with a purchase. True False

42. Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services

by an identified sponsor. True False

43. Sales promotion can involve point-of-purchase materials, store signs, contests,

catalogs, and circulars. True False




44. Sales promotion refers to those promotion activities-other than advertising, publicity, and personal selling-that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel. True False

45. Personal selling and advertising are both forms of sales promotion.

True False

46. According to the text, Promotion is the most important of the "four Ps."

True False

47. Price is the most important of the four Ps.

True False

48. In general, no single element of the "four Ps" is more important than the others.

True False

49. The marketing mix should be set before the best target market is selected.

True False

50. As in the Toddler University case, the needs of a target market virtually determine

the nature of an appropriate marketing mix. True False

51. A marketing plan and a marketing strategy mean the same thing.

True False

52. A marketing strategy and all the time-related details for carrying out the strategy is a

"marketing plan." True False

53. A marketing plan is a written statement of a marketing strategy and the time-related

details for carrying out the strategy. True False

54. Implementation means putting the marketing plan into operation.

True False

55. Short-run decisions that stay within the overall guidelines set during strategy

planning are called implementation decisions. True False




56. Marketing strategy planning should specify all of the operational decisions to implement the plan. True False

57. Companies such as Campbell's can only implement one marketing strategy at a

time. True False

58. Most companies implement only one marketing strategy at a time.

True False

59. A marketing program blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one "big" plan and

is the responsibility of the whole company. True False

60. A "marketing program" blends all of a firm's marketing plans into one "big" plan.

True False

61. A marketing program may consist of several marketing plans.

True False

62. A successful marketing program benefits the firm by increasing customer equity.

True False

63. Customer lifetime value represents the total stream of purchase a customer could

contribute to the company over the life of the relationship. True False

64. One way to increase customer equity is to find cost-effective ways to serve current

customers so they buy more. True False

65. One way to increase customer equity is to find cost-effective ways to add new

customers for the firm's products. True False

66. The best way to increase customer equity is to find cost-effective ways to increase

earnings from current customers while bringing profitable new customers into the fold. True False




67. The customer equity approach guides the marketing manager to make marketing decisions that enhance the firm's short-term profits—just for the next quarter or year. True False

68. Enhancing customer value by increasing their purchases is a potential source of new

revenue. True False

69. An extremely good plan might be carried out badly and still produce profits, while a

poor but well implemented plan can lose money. True False

70. The U.S. auto industry has become much more marketing-oriented since Henry Ford

introduced the Model T. True False

71. Many U.S. automakers have failed because they were not marketing oriented.

True False

72. Managers who embrace the marketing concept realize that they cannot just define

their line of business in terms of the products they currently produce or sell. True False

73. The single most important factor in screening possible marketing opportunities is the

long-run trends facing the company. True False

74. Attractive opportunities for a particular firm are those that the firm has some chance

of doing something about-given its resources and objectives. True False

75. A "breakthrough opportunity" is an opportunity that helps innovators develop long-

term, hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable. True False

76. "Breakthrough opportunities" are ones that help innovators develop hard-to-copy

marketing strategies that will be profitable for a long time. True False

77. A firm with a "competitive advantage" has a marketing mix that the target market

sees as better than a competitor's mix. True False




78. Finding "competitive advantages" is important because they are needed for survival in increasingly competitive markets. True False

79. It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a narrowing-down

process. True False

80. The marketing strategy planning process starts with a narrow look at a market, and

becomes broader the closer the firm comes to developing a marketing mix. True False

81. There are usually more different strategy possibilities than a firm can pursue.

True False

82. Developing a set of specific qualitative and quantitative screening criteria can help a

manager define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete. True False

83. A S.W.O.T. analysis is one way to zero in on a marketing strategy that is well-suited

to the firm. True False

84. A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies the "special weapons or tactics" used by the competitor

in a product-market that has the most profitable marketing mix. True False

85. S.W.O.T. analysis is based on the idea that one of the best ways to develop a

strategy is to identify and copy the marketing "strategies, weapons, outlook, and tactics" of the firm's most effective competitor. True False

86. A good S.W.O.T. analysis helps a manager focus on a strategy that takes advantages

of the firm's opportunities and strengths while avoiding its weaknesses and threats to its success. True False

87. The letters in "S.W.O.T. analysis" are an abbreviation for the first letters of the words

"strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats." True False

88. The letters in "S.W.O.T. analysis" are an abbreviation for the first letters of the words

"special weapons or tactics." True False




89. Segmentation is the process a manager goes through to decide which subgroups of customers to select. True False

90. Differentiation means that the marketing mix is distinct from and better than what is

available from a competitor. True False

91. Differentiation means that the firm's marketing mix is similar to its competitors'

mixes. True False

92. Differentiation often requires a firm to fine-tune its marketing mix to meet the

specific needs of its target market(s). True False

93. Differentiation emphasizes uniqueness rather than similarity.

True False

94. Differentiation emphasizes similarity rather than uniqueness.

True False

95. The external market environment doesn't play a role in the marketing strategy

planning process because it exists outside of the company. True False

96. It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a process that

begins with a narrow focus but then broadens to embrace unlimited opportunities and options. True False

97. The first two letters in the S.W.O.T. analysis help managers examine customers,

competition, and the external marketing environment. True False

98. The last two letters in the S.W.O.T. refer to "opportunities" and "threats" related to

factors outside the company, including customers, competition, and the external marketing environment. True False

99. Marketing opportunities involving present products and present markets are called

"market penetration" opportunities. True False




100.

Market penetration means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets-probably through a more aggressive marketing mix. True False

101.

A firm that tries to increase sales by selling new products in new markets is pursuing "market development" opportunities. True False

102.

A "market development" opportunity would involve a firm offering new or improved products to its present markets. True False

103.

When a firm tries to increase sales by offering new or improved products to its present markets, this is called "product development." True False

104.

Nike moved beyond shoes and sportswear to offer its athletic target market a running watch, digital audio player, and even a portable heart-rate monitor. This is an example of a market development strategy. True False

105.

The ArrowPoint Company has just modified and enlarged its product line to meet the changing needs of its current customers. This is an example of "market development." True False

106.

When Cadillac added a new sports utility vehicle called Escalade to the "luxury-oriented" selection at its existing dealers, it was seeking "market development" opportunities. True False

107.

If Burger King added tacos to the "burger-oriented" menu in its existing restaurants, it would be seeking "market development" opportunities. True False

108.

Marketing opportunities that involve moving into totally different lines of business are "diversification" opportunities. True False

109.

The least risky-but most challenging-marketing opportunities are diversification opportunities. True False




110.

Often, attractive opportunities are fairly close to markets the firm already knows. True False

111.

When it comes to choosing among different types of opportunities, most firms tend to be production-oriented and usually think first of diversification. True False

112.

Of the four types of opportunities firms can pursue, diversification is the easiest to evaluate and involves the least risk. True False

113.

A significant emerging middle class consumer segment in a country is a strong opportunity for brands to shift focus toward it. True False

114.

Advances in e-commerce, transportation, and communications have had little impact on creating international opportunities. True False

115.

If customers in other countries are interested in the products a firm offers, or could offer, serving them may improve economies of scale. True False

116.

Unfavorable trends in the domestic market environment may make the international marketing environment very attractive. True False

117.

International opportunities should be considered in the strategy planning process, but they don't always survive as the most attractive ones that are turned into strategies. True False

118.

Marketing managers usually find that opportunities in international markets are less profitable than in domestic markets. True False

119.

When a firm's domestic market is prosperous, marketing managers are less likely to pursue opportunities in international markets. True False

120.

The basic reason to focus on some specific target customers instead of all possible customers is so that managers can develop a marketing mix that satisfies those customers' specific needs better than they are satisfied by some other firm. True False




Multiple Choice Questions

121.

The three basic tasks of ALL managers, according to the text, are:

A. planning, staffing, and evaluating.

B. marketing, production, and finance.

C. execution, feedback, and control.

D. hiring, training, and compensating.

E. planning, implementation, and control.

122.

Controlling is vital to the marketing management process because:

A. marketing managers need to control their subordinates.

B. controlling examines a firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

C. gathering feedback on a plan's results may lead to beneficial adjustments or entirely new plans.

D. controlling involves identifying a target market.

E. controlling is part of the marketing mix.

123.

Which of the following duties would not be performed by a firm's marketing managers?

A. Planning activities

B. Directing the implementation of plans

C. Controlling plans

D. Overseeing the firm's financial statements

E. Developing marketing mixes for target markets




124.

Which of the following is one of three basic marketing management jobs?

A. To direct the implementation of plans

B. To control the plans in actual operation

C. To plan marketing activities

D. All of these are basic marketing management jobs

125.

The marketing management process is the process of:

A. Planning marketing activities.

B. Implementing marketing plans.

C. Controlling marketing plans.

D. All of these.

126.

Why can't marketing managers be satisfied just planning present activities?

A. Markets are dynamic.

B. Consumers' needs keep changing.

C. The environment keeps changing.

D. Competitors often change.

E. All of these are reasons why marketing managers can't be satisfied just planning present activities.

127.

The managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between the resources of an organization and its market opportunities is called:

A. management by objective.

B. marketing programming.

C. marketing strategy planning.

D. strategic (management) planning.

E. market planning.




128.

_____ is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities.

A. Strategic (management) planning

B. Target marketing

C. Mass marketing

D. Resource allocation

E. Marketing control

129.

"Marketing strategy planning" means:

A. finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies.

B. finding attractive opportunities and selecting a target market.

C. selecting an attractive target market.

D. selecting an attractive marketing mix.

E. selecting a target market and developing a marketing strategy.

130.

Marketing strategies

A. enable marketing managers to be satisfied just planning present activities.

B. ensure that every opportunity is good for every company.

C. do not specify target markets and related marketing mixes.

D. provide a limited picture of what a firm will do in some market.

E. are not whole-company plans.




131.

A marketing strategy

A. specifies a target market and a related marketing mix.

B. provides a focused but narrow picture of what a firm will do in some market.

C. is a market-oriented, whole-company plan.

D. includes two interrelated parts-product mix and product development.

E. includes the marketing mix, but does not specify customers.

132.

A marketing strategy specifies:

A. a target market and a related marketing mix.

B. all the company's resources.

C. a target market.

D. a target market and the company's objectives.

E. a marketing mix.

133.

A marketing strategy specifies:

A. a marketing mix.

B. a target market and a related marketing mix.

C. a target market.

D. the resources needed to implement a marketing mix.




134.

A target market and a related marketing mix make up a:

A. Marketing plan.

B. Marketing strategy.

C. Marketing program.

D. Marketing analysis.

E. Marketing proposal.

135.

Herbal Essences tries to sell its hair shampoos and conditioners to adult women, ages 18-24. These women represent Herbal Essences' primary:

A. marketing strategy.

B. 4 Ps.

C. target market.

D. marketing mix.

E. channel of distribution.

136.

Target marketing, in contrast to mass marketing:

A. Assumes all customers have the same needs.

B. Assumes everyone is a potential customer.

C. Focuses only on small market segments.

D. Tailors a marketing mix to fit some specific group of customers.

E. Makes it more likely that a firm will face direct competition.




137.

Which of the following statements about target marketing is incorrect?

A. Target marketing is not mass marketing.

B. Mass marketers like Kraft and Walmart may conduct target marketing.

C. Target marketing is not limited to small market segments.

D. Target marketing assumes that everyone is different and specifies some particular target customers.

E. Target marketing is associated with the typical production-oriented approach that aims at everyone with the same marketing mix.

138.

The difference between target marketing and mass marketing is that target marketing

A. means focusing on a small market.

B. focuses on short-run objectives, while mass marketing focuses on long-run objectives.

C. focuses on specific customers, while mass marketing aims at an entire market.

D. does not rely on e-commerce but mass marketing does.

E. aims at increased sales, while mass marketing focuses on increased profits.

139.

"Target marketing," in contrast to "mass marketing,"

A. ignores the need for the firm to obtain a competitive advantage.

B. ignores markets that are large and spread out.

C. is limited to small market segments.

D. assumes that all customers are basically the same.

E. None of these answers is correct.




140.

Target marketing

A. is a production-oriented approach to marketing.

B. is essentially the same as mass marketing.

C. considers everyone a potential customer.

D. assumes that everyone is the same.

E. specifies some particular group of customers.

141.

_____ assume(s) that everyone is the same-and consider(s) everyone to be a potential customer.

A. Mass marketers

B. Target marketing

C. Mass marketing

D. Target marketers

E. Objective marketing

142.

Marketing managers should view potential customers as

A. all alike.

B. all having the same needs.

C. always wanting to meet needs in the same way.

D. grouped into segments of similar consumers.

E. different types, but all having the same characteristics.




143.

Good marketing strategy planners know that:

A. firms like Nabisco and Walmart are too large to aim at clearly defined target markets.

B. target marketing does not limit one to small market segments.

C. mass marketing is often very desirable and effective.

D. the terms "mass marketing" and "mass marketer" mean basically the same thing.

E. target markets cannot be large and spread out.

144.

"Target marketing," in contrast to "mass marketing,"

A. is limited to small market segments.

B. assumes that all customers are basically the same.

C. ignores markets that are large and spread out.

D. focuses on fairly homogeneous market segments.

145.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding target marketing.


B. Mass marketers cannot do target marketing.

C. Target marketing can mean big markets and profits.

D. Marketing-oriented managers practice "target marketing."

E. It aims at a marketing mix that is tailored to fit specific target customers.




146.

The marketing mix

A. includes four variables-People, Place, Promotion, and Price.

B. includes the target market.

C. helps to organize the marketing strategy decision areas.

D. includes four variables-advertising, personal selling, customer service, and sales promotion.

E. does not focus on target customers.

147.

The "four Ps" of a marketing mix are:

A. Production, Personnel, Price, and Physical Distribution

B. Promotion, Production, Price, and People

C. Potential Customers, Product, Price, and Personal Selling

D. Product, Price, Promotion, and Profit

E. Product, Place, Promotion, and Price

148.

A marketing mix consists of:

A. policies, procedures, plans, and personnel.

B. the customer and the "four Ps."

C. all variables, controllable and uncontrollable.

D. product, price, promotion, and place.




149.

A firm's "marketing mix" decision areas would NOT include:

A. Promotion.

B. People.

C. Price.

D. Product.

E. Place.

150.

A firm's "marketing mix" decision areas would NOT include:

A. Price.

B. Promotion.

C. Product.

D. Place.

E. Profit.

151.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four variables in a marketing mix?

A. Price

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Payment

E. Place




152.

Which of the following is true?

A. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for only physical goods.

B. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and services.

C. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for only tangible merchandise.

D. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and tangible merchandise.

153.

"Product" is concerned with:

A. branding.

B. packaging and warranty.

C. physical goods.

D. services.

E. all of these might be involved with Product.

154.


A. branding and warranties.

B. physical goods and/or services.

C. packaging.

D. developing the right new product for a market.





155.


A. services.

B. developing products that will satisfy some customers' needs.

C. designing, packaging, and branding new products.

D. physical goods.

E. All of these might be involved with Product.

156.

"Product" is NOT concerned with:

A. quality level.

B. branding.

C. wholesale price.

D. packaging.

E. warranty.

157.

Which of the following is NOT a Product-area decision?

A. Quality level.

B. Market exposure.

C. Instructions.

D. Packaging.

E. Branding.




158.

Which of the following is NOT considered a product?

A. Tax advice from a financial consultant.

B. A computer.

C. A haircut.

D. A chair.

E. All of these are considered products.

159.

Henry Ford told prospective customers of his Model T car, "You can have any color as long as it is black." Which aspect of the marketing mix was he stressing?

A. Promotion

B. Product

C. Place

D. Price

160.

The packaging design for a new flavor of Ben and Jerry's ice cream is an aspect of which component of the marketing mix?

A. Place

B. Price

C. Product

D. Promotion




161.

Suzuki's 3 year/36,000 mile new car warranty is part of which marketing mix decision area?

A. Price

B. Target market

C. Place

D. Product

E. Promotion

162.

Dell, Inc. wants to offer customers televisions in addition to computers. This is a change in its _____________________ strategy.

A. pricing

B. promotional

C. personnel

D. product

E. placement

163.

Big Fizz Co., a manufacturer of cola-flavored drinks, wants to add packaged fruit juices to its existing product line. Big Fizz needs to make some decisions regarding packaging and branding of the fruit juices. These decisions would fall under which variable of the marketing mix?

A. Product

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Price

E. Personal selling




164.

When one considers the strategy decisions organized by the four Ps, branding is related to packaging as:

A. branding is to pricing.

B. production is to marketing.

C. store location is to sales force selection.

D. personal selling is to mass selling.

E. pricing is to promotion.

165.

A firm's decisions regarding channel type, market exposure and kinds of intermediaries would fall under the marketing mix variable of

A. Product.

B. Place.

C. Promotion.

D. Price.

E. People.

166.

The ______ area of the marketing mix is concerned with decisions about getting the "right" product to the target market when and where it's wanted.

A. product

B. people

C. promotion

D. price

E. place




167.

"Place" is concerned with:

A. intermediaries.

B. transporting.

C. channel members.

D. storing.

E. all of these might be involved with Place.

168.

"Place" is concerned with:

A. getting the product to its intended market.

B. intermediaries located between producers and consumers.

C. where, when, and by whom goods are offered for sale.

D. when and where products are wanted.


169.

"Place" is NOT concerned with:

A. storing.

B. intermediaries.

C. transporting.

D. channels of distribution.

E. sales reps.




170.

"Place" is NOT concerned with:

A. who handles storing and transporting.

B. when and where products are wanted.

C. kinds of intermediaries needed to reach customers.

D. telling the target market what products are available-and where.

E. channels of distribution.

171.

Hewlett-Packard sells personal computers through specialty computer stores, electronics superstores, and its own Internet site. The marketing mix variable that is being considered here is:

A. Price.

B. Promotion.

C. Personnel.

D. Product.

E. Place.

172.

Scott Paper uses many intermediaries to reach its target markets; Citibank uses none. Which of the marketing mix variables is being considered here?

A. Penetration

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Place

E. Price




173.

Any series of firms or individuals that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer is known as:

A. customer service.

B. a packaging line.

C. a production line.

D. a channel of distribution.

E. mass marketing.

174.

A "channel of distribution":

A. usually has three members-a manufacturer, a distributor, and a retailer.

B. is any series of firms (or individuals) from producer to final user or consumer.

C. should be as short as possible.

D. is not involved if a firm sells directly from its own website to final customers.

175.

When Herbal Essences tries to get shelf space in Target and Walmart because young women frequently shop there for hair care products, this is an example of which of the 4Ps?

A. Price

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Place

176.

A detailed plan for handling transportation and storage of a new product that is now being distributed to wholesalers nationwide is an aspect of which part of the 4Ps?

A. Place

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Price

2-29

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177.

An office supplies producer sells a variety of office supplies to final consumers and businesses using its own mail order catalog. Here,

A. there is no channel of distribution.

B. there is no opportunity to apply target marketing.

C. no promotion is involved.

D. a production orientation is just as effective as a marketing orientation.

E. None of these is true.

178.

The _____ area of the marketing mix includes decisions related to telling the target market or others in the channel of distribution about the "right" product.

A. product

B. place

C. promotion

D. price

E. communication

179.

"Promotion" may include:

A. personal selling to channel members.

B. point-of-purchase materials.

C. mail-order selling.

D. advertising on the Internet.

E. All of these may be included in Promotion.




180.

"Promotion" includes:

A. advertising.

B. personal selling.

C. sales promotion.

D. publicity.


181.

Marketing strategy decisions concerning Promotion include decisions about

A. packaging and branding.

B. the kinds of intermediaries to use.

C. training for salespeople.

D. transporting and storing.

E. discounts and allowances.

182.

"Promotion" is NOT concerned with:

A. creating billboard ads.

B. designing new products.

C. publicity.

D. television commercials.

E. personal selling.




183.

Personal selling lets the salesperson adapt the firm's marketing mix to a specific customer. This is an aspect of which marketing mix variable?

A. Price

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Product

184.

______________ is direct spoken communication between sellers and potential customers.

A. Personal selling

B. Sales promotion

C. Advertising

D. Publicity

E. Mass selling

185.

From the perspective of the four Ps, personal selling is to advertising as

A. mass selling is to branding.

B. Place is to Product.

C. sales promotion is to pricing.

D. warranties are to channel type.

E. geographic terms are to price allowances.




186.

______ refers to personal communication between a seller and a customer who wants the seller to resolve a problem with a purchase.

A. Advertising

B. Sales promotion

C. Publicity

D. Personal selling

E. Customer service

187.

Advertising is:

A. the designing and distribution of novelties, point-of-purchase materials, store signs, contests, catalogs, and circulars.

B. direct communication between sellers and potential customers.

C. any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.

D. the main form of publicity.

E. All of these are included in Advertising.

188.

A popular television show, The Unexpected, achieved skyrocketing ratings after moralist Tom Bowman attempted to have it removed from the air. This is an example of mass selling through

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. unethical means.

D. personal selling.

E. media hype.




189.

Sales promotion:

A. lets the salesperson adapt the firm's marketing mix to each potential customer.

B. is the main form of advertising.

C. tries to help the personal selling and mass selling people.

D. is free.

E. consists of both advertising and personal selling.

190.

Catalogs, point-of-purchase materials, and free samples are all examples of:

A. publicity.


C. sales promotion.

D. advertising.

191.

Coupons, samples, and point-of-purchase materials are examples of

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. specialty service.


E. sales promotion.




192.

When Herbal Essences offers "dollar-off coupons" to adult women to try to get them to try its shampoos and conditioners, this is an example of:

A. publicity.

B. sales promotion.

C. product development.

D. market penetration.

E. distribution.

193.

Ford Motor Co. "loaned" new Fiestas to social trendsetters who drove the cars as part of their Meals on Wheels responsibilities. When Ford asked them to write about their driving experiences on Facebook and Twitter, it was emphasizing which aspect of the 4Ps?

A. Product

B. Place

C. Price

D. Promotion

194.

The owner of the new Sharp Scissors hair salon gave coupons to potential customers walking by her store to stimulate interest and trial of her new hair salon. The coupons are an example of

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. sales promotion.


E. media.




195.

To help cosmetic company, RedRain Inc., launch a new line of lipstick, tickets that can be redeemed for prizes are enclosed in some of the lipstick packages. This activity can be best classified as

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. sales promotion.


E. mass marketing.

196.

When 3M sent samples of Breathe Right Nasal Strips to the NFL trainers, this was an example of a ___________________ strategy.

A. price

B. promotion

C. personnel

D. product

E. place

197.

"Price":

A. is affected by the kind of competition in the target market.

B. includes markups and discounts, but not allowances and freight charges.

C. is not affected by customer reactions.

D. is the most important part of a marketing mix.




198.

The Price area of the marketing mix:

A. requires consideration of the cost of the marketing mix and the competition facing the firm when setting prices.

B. does not involve estimating consumer reaction to possible prices.

C. refers to any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.

D. does not include the consideration of geographic terms in price setting.

E. None of these is correct.

199.

When developing a marketing mix, a marketing manager should remember that:

A. "Promotion" includes only personal selling and publicity.

B. A channel of distribution includes at least one intermediary.

C. "Price" includes markups, discounts, allowances, and geographic terms.

D. "Product" includes physical goods but not services.

200.

When Ford Motor Co. introduced its Escape hybrid SUV, it offered a $1,000 rebate as an incentive to attract new buyers. This was an example of which aspect of the marketing mix?

A. Price

B. Promotion

C. Place

D. Product




201.

The most important variable in a firm's marketing mix is:

A. Product.

B. Price.

C. Promotion.

D. Place.

E. None of these since all contribute to one whole.

202.

An appropriate marketing mix should be determined primarily by

A. what has worked for the company in the past.

B. the needs of a target market.

C. the budget available to spend.

D. the past experiences of the marketing manager.

E. what product the firm can produce with economies of scale.

203.

Ideally, a good marketing mix should:

A. be very similar to the marketing mix typically used by key competitors.

B. be determined by which marketing mix costs the least.

C. not include much advertising because it's expensive and usually isn't very effective.

D. flow logically from all the relevant dimensions of a target market.




204.

The text's "Toddler University" example shows that:

A. parents are not price sensitive when it comes to assuring that their kids will get a good college education.

B. the needs of a target market determine the nature of the appropriate marketing mix.

C. a small producer can't compete effectively against large competitors.

D. in the long run, a firm cannot make a profit without its own production facilities.

E. All of these are true.

205.

The text's "Toddler University" example shows that:

A. no mass market exists for general-purpose baby shoes.



D. no target market exists for high-quality baby shoes.


206.

The text's Toddler University example shows that TU's marketing plan included:

A. A detailed description of the marketing mix to be offered.

B. A description of the resources required to carry out the plan.

C. Expected results of the plan.

D. Control procedures.

E. All of these.




207.

The main difference between a "marketing strategy" and a "marketing plan" is that:

A. time-related details are included in a marketing plan.

B. a marketing plan includes several marketing strategies.

C. a marketing strategy provides more detail.

D. a marketing strategy omits pricing plans.

E. a marketing plan does not include a target market.

208.

A "marketing plan" is:

A. a marketing program.

B. a marketing strategy.

C. a marketing strategy-plus the time-related details for carrying it out.

D. a target market and a related marketing mix.

E. a plan that contains the necessary operational decisions.

209.

A "marketing plan":

A. is just another term for "marketing strategy."

B. consists of several "marketing programs."

C. includes the time-related details for carrying out a marketing strategy.

D. is a strategy without all the operational decisions.

E. ignores implementation and control details.




210.

A "marketing plan" should include:

A. some control procedures.

B. what company resources will be needed-and at what rate.

C. what marketing mix is to be offered to whom-and for how long.

D. what sales and profit results are expected.

E. All of these are included in a marketing plan.

211.

Which of the following is part of a complete marketing plan?

A. Competitors' marketing strategies.

B. What company resources (costs) are required and at what rate.

C. How different marketing mixes (for different target markets) relate to each other.

D. All of these are parts of a complete marketing plan.

212.

Which of the following would probably NOT be in a proposed marketing plan?

A. A list of what company resources (costs) would be required.

B. A statement of how frequently the design of the website will be changed.

C. Expected sales and profit results.

D. A description of the target market and marketing mix.

E. All of these would normally be part of a marketing plan.




213.

Which of the following is NOT included in a marketing plan?

A. The control procedures to be used

B. The costs involved

C. The results expected

D. What marketing mix is to be offered

E. All of these should be included in a marketing plan.

214.

_____ refers to putting marketing plans into operation.

A. Delivery

B. Implementation

C. Operational planning

D. Strategy planning

E. Control

215.

Short-run decisions to help implement strategies are best known as

A. actionable items.

B. strategic decisions.

C. marketing plans.

D. operational decisions.

E. dependencies.




216.

Managers should make operational decisions

A. within the guidelines set down during strategy planning.

B. with great care as these decisions are the same as strategic decisions.

C. for the long-run to help formulate strategic plans.

D. keeping in mind that these decisions should always lead to changes in the basic strategy.

E. on a month-to-month basis and never daily or weekly.

217.

Which of the following statements about operational decisions is FALSE?

A. They help to carry out a marketing strategy.

B. They are short-run decisions.

C. They are part of the implementation process.

D. They usually require ongoing changes in the basic strategy to be effective.

218.

Which of the following statements is a strategy decision, rather than an operational decision?

A. "We will change the colors of our selection of shirts at the end of the season."

B. "We will cut prices as needed to in order to protect our market share."

C. "We will increase the number of training sessions for new sales associates from two to three."

D. "We will hire a merchandising specialist this month to help remodel our older stores."

E. "We will place a special ad in the Sunday newspaper promoting our upcoming sale."




219.

Which of the following statements by a marketing manager refers to operational decisions, rather than strategy decisions?

A. "Our target customers view most existing luxury sedans as dull, and they want performance as well as luxury."

B. "Newspaper ads will be more cost effective than 30 second radio ads-given the price increase for radio this month."

C. "We hope to earn a 15 percent return on investment with our plan."

D. All of these statements refer to operational decisions.

220.

Which of the following is an operational decision-rather than a strategy decision?

A. A decision to seek distribution only through the best retailers

B. Selection of a specific target market

C. A decision to maintain a "one price" policy

D. Selection of a specific cable TV channel on which to advertise

E. All of these are good examples of operational decisions

221.

Which of the following is an example of an operational decision?

A. Focus promotion on the economy of the product.

B. Make the product available in every possible retail outlet.

C. Have a salesperson visit the manager of a new hardware store that will open next week.

D. Set a price that is no higher than competitors' prices.

E. None of these is an example of an operational decision.




222.

Which of the following would NOT require an operational decision for a leading hair color manufacturer?

A. Solicit orders from any new, financially attractive, salons.

B. Drop colors that are losing appeal.

C. Create a fresh ad for each Sunday newspaper.

D. Set a competitive price if a primary competitor offers a special discount.

E. Promote the fair price and satisfactory quality of the product.

223.

Happy Feet shoe company's strategic policy states "Carry as limited a line of colors, styles, and sizes as will satisfy the target market." This policy best relates to which decision area of the marketing mix?

A. People

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Price

E. Product

224.

One of the strategic policies of camera maker, Zoom Cameras, states: "We will communicate the key benefits and value of our camera's unique zoom lenses and demonstrate how they meet customer needs." This policy best fits which marketing mix decision area?

A. Product

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Price

E. People




225.

A retailer's operational decision to hire new salespeople would best relate to the marketing mix decision area of

A. product.

B. place.

C. promotion.

D. price.

E. people.

226.

When fast food restaurant, Tommy's Tacos, had poor sales in Central City, marketing managers closed one outlet on the east side of town and opened two new locations on the south side of town. These moves represent

A. operational decisions in the product decision area.

B. strategy policies in the place area.

C. strategy policies in the product area.

D. operational decisions in the place area.

E. strategy policies in the promotion area.

227.

A "marketing program":

A. blends all of a firm's marketing plans into one big plan.

B. is a description of a firm's marketing mix.

C. is a detailed plan of how to implement a strategy.

D. is a marketing strategy plus the time-related details.

E. None of these apply to a marketing program.




228.

Which of the following blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one big plan?

A. Marketing program.

B. Marketing mix.

C. Marketing statement.

D. Marketing overview.

229.

____ is the total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to the company over the life of the relationship.

A. Customer equity

B. Profit

C. Net worth

D. Customer lifetime value

E. A premium price

230.

The total stream of purchases that a single customer could contribute to a company over the length of the relationship is called customer ____.

A. equity

B. lifetime value

C. service

D. satisfaction

E. feedback




231.

Estimating a customer's lifetime purchasing potential is important because it helps marketers to:

A. make a quick sale on a product.

B. decide whether to place ads online or in magazines.

C. recognize that mass marketing is the best way to reach customers.

D. select the right channel of distribution.

E. devise long-range plans and strategies for building customer relationships.

232.

When a customer who buys two Apple iPhones, an Apple iMac computer, and Apple TV over a period of several years, Apple's marketing managers should be thinking about:

A. diversification.

B. mass marketing.

C. differentiation.

D. customer lifetime value.

E. customer feedback loops.

233.

Customer lifetime value

A. emphasizes a short-run approach to marketing management.

B. is basically a historical measure of how profitable a firm has been in the past.

C. applies to firms that target final consumers but not to firms that target business customers.

D. will increase if a firm increases its market share with a particular strategy.

E. considers what a customer purchases from a company over the lifetime of the relationship.




234.

When the manager of a Denny's Restaurant offers a customer a coupon for a free meal as compensation for slow service, the manager is focusing on:

A. differentiation.

B. product development.

C. short-term profits.

D. a diversification strategy.

E. customer lifetime value.

235.

______ is the expected earnings stream of a firm's current and prospective customers over some period of time.

A. Profit

B. Earnings

C. Operating profit

D. Customer equity

E. Net value

236.

The difference between customer lifetime value and customer equity is:

A. customer equity takes a financial approach where customer lifetime value does not.

B. customer lifetime value looks at specific target markets.

C. customer equity takes into account a firm's current and future customers and the costs associated with each.

D. customer equity reflects the total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to a company over the length of the relationship.

E. customer lifetime value focuses on purchases over the next year, while customer equity takes into account a longer time horizon.




237.

Which of the following is NOT a reason the marketing program should build customer equity?

A. Marketing strategies do not contribute to customer equity.

B. Expected profits depend on customer equity.

C. Firms expect financial returns.

D. Profit growth comes from customers.

E. Customers are the source of revenue.

238.

Which of the following is most likely to increase a firm's customer equity?

A. The firm offers a more costly marketing mix that attracts more customers.

B. The firm offers customer value that is at least as good as what competitors offer.

C. The lifetime value of the firm's individual customers increases.

D. The competition in the firm's market increases.

E. The firm cuts costs by reducing promotion efforts.

239.

The customer equity concept

A. encourages a manager to consider both the costs and the revenue from a marketing strategy.

B. recognizes that customers are satisfied at a cost-and it is basically an estimate of a firm's future earnings.

C. applies even to firms that pursue several different strategies.

D. focuses on earnings as well as sales.

E. All of these are part of the customer equity concept.




240.

Which of the following statements about customer equity is FALSE?

A. Expected losses depend on customer equity.

B. If the parts of a firm's marketing program work well together, it should increase the firm's customer equity.

C. Expected profits depend on customer equity.

D. Customer equity benefits customers but not the company.

E. None of these statements about customer equity is FALSE.

241.

Marketing strategies that focus on quick short-term sales:

A. miss an opportunity to ensure repeat purchases in the future.

B. do not generate revenue or profits.

C. never involve personal selling.

D. are known as breakthrough opportunities.

E. are never used by reputable companies.

242.

The text's discussion of Ford's marketing strategy highlights the fact that:

A. it's not wise for managers just to define a business in terms of the products they currently produce or sell.

B. there is little alternative but to stick with the traditional promotion channels for a product.

C. most consumers see basic products-like cars-as close substitutes for each other.

D. once a firm establishes a position as the market leader, competitors are not likely to be a big problem.

243.

The text's discussion of Ford's marketing strategy highlights the fact that:

A. creative strategy planning is needed for survival.


C. most consumers want only established products.

D. once a firm reaches a position as the market leader, competitors are not likely to be a big problem.




244.

It's best to think of "breakthrough opportunities" as opportunities which:

A. appeal to the mass market.

B. will quickly create a whole new industry of firms competing with similar marketing mixes.

C. help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing mixes.

D. increase sales.

E. All of these apply to breakthrough opportunities.

245.

_____ help(s) innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time.

A. Opportunity segments

B. Competitive decisions

C. Breakthrough opportunities

D. Competitive marketing

E. Operational decisions

246.

Which of the following best illustrates a "breakthrough opportunity?"

A. A recording company's new CD gets unexpected national publicity on MTV and almost every teenager wants a copy for Christmas.

B. A drug company develops a patented pill that people can take once a year and safely avoid catching a cold.

C. A bank puts its credit card machines in convenient drive-up locations-so they will be more convenient for customers.

D. A nurse realizes that the growing number of older people will increase the demand for nursing home services, so she quits her job and opens a quality nursing center for the elderly.

E. A wireless phone company introduces a new service that offers more free weekend minutes than any other service in its market area.




247.

Which of the following would be likely to help you develop a "breakthrough opportunity?"

A. A two-month advantage over competitors in introducing a new product.

B. An idea for a new website animation that will attract consumer attention.

C. Accurate marketing research information about how much of a planned product the target market is likely to buy.

D. None of these would help you develop a breakthrough opportunity.

248.

Which of the following could be a "breakthrough opportunity?"

A. A unique technical invention that competitors could not legally copy.

B. A contract with the best intermediaries to reach your market-ensuring that they will handle your product and no competitors' offerings.

C. A head start in a market so you can win target customers who will be loyal to your firm and its offering.

D. All of these could be breakthrough opportunities.

249.

A pharmaceutical company spent a significant amount of money developing a new drug to combat high blood pressure. The drug did not cause any of the typical side effects usually associated with blood pressure medications. It was forecasted to be a "blockbuster" medication that would achieve over $1 billion in sales. It would also be difficult for other firms to duplicate, at least in the short-run, because of patent protection and the substantial research and development costs required. The introduction of this new drug would best be described as:

A. Diversification

B. Market development

C. A breakthrough opportunity

D. "Hit-or-miss" marketing

E. Market penetration




250.

______ means that a firm has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better than a competitor's mix.

A. Competitive advantage

B. Strategic policy

C. Customer equity

D. Comparative opportunity

E. Market development

251.

"Breakthrough opportunities" are opportunities that:

A. help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies.

B. may be turned into marketing strategies that will be profitable for a long time.

C. help the firm develop a "competitive advantage."

D. help a firm satisfy customers better than some competitor.


252.

Breakthrough opportunities:

A. are so rare that they should be pursued even when they do not match the firm's resources and objectives.

B. seldom occur within or close to a firm's present markets.

C. are especially important in our increasingly competitive markets.

D. are those that a firm's competitors can copy quickly.

E. are best achieved by trying to hold onto a firm's current market share.




253.

Which of the following statements regarding marketing strategies is FALSE?

A. It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a narrowing-down process.

B. These strategies must meet the needs of target customers, and a firm is likely to get a competitive advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as some other firm.

C. Developing successful marketing strategies doesn't need to be a hit-or-miss proposition.

D. These strategies require decisions about the specific customers the firm will target and the marketing mix the firm will develop to appeal to that target market.

E. Most companies implement more than one marketing strategy and related marketing plan at the same time.

254.

Developing a set of specific qualitative and quantitative screening criteria

A. increases the different opportunities-and strategy possibilities-in the market.

B. can make it difficult to zero in on the best target market and marketing mix.

C. cannot help eliminate potential strategies that are not well suited for the firm.

D. can help a manager define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete.

E. highlights advantages of a strategy but does not make it clear why you should select that strategy.

255.

A S.W.O.T. analysis includes:

A. strengths.

B. weaknesses.

C. opportunities.

D. threats.

E. All of these are included in a S.W.O.T analysis.




256.

Which of the following statements about S.W.O.T. analysis is true?

A. It is a useful aid for identifying relevant screening criteria and for zeroing in on a feasible strategy.

B. S.W.O.T. is simply an abbreviation for the first letters of the words: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

C. It identifies and lists the firm's strengths and weaknesses and its opportunities and threats.

D. It helps managers focus on a strategy that takes advantage of the firm's strengths and opportunities while avoiding its weaknesses and threats to its success.

E. All of these statements about S.W.O.T. analysis are true.

257.

A S.W.O.T. analysis

A. seeks to improve strategy planning by "Scanning for Warnings, Omens, and Tips" about competitors' plans.

B. is not necessary if competitors have already entered the market.

C. defends against potential competitive threats by planning specific "safeguards, weapons, or tactics."

D. should help a manager develop a strategy that leads to a competitive advantage.

E. None of these apply to a S.W.O.T. analysis.

258.

A S.W.O.T. analysis can help a marketing manager:

A. define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete.

B. narrow down to a specific target market and marketing mix from the many alternatives available.

C. see the pros and cons of different possible strategies.

D. develop a competitive advantage.

E. All of these can help a marketing manager who is using a S.W.O.T. analysis.




259.

A S.W.O.T. analysis

A. focuses on what a firm plans to do to "Satisfy Wishes of a Target" customer.

B. summarizes a firm's "strategy, wishes (of its customers), outlook, and tactics."

C. helps defend against potential competitors by developing a set of competitive "safeguards, weapons, offensives, and tactics."

D. identifies a firm's "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats."

E. seeks to reduce the risk of competitive surprises by scanning the market for "signals, warnings, omens, and tips."

260.

In which quadrant of the S.W.O.T analysis tool does the following fit? A firm has adequate resources.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats

261.

In which quadrant of the S.W.O.T. analysis tool does the following fit? A firm is in a fast-growing industry.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats

262.

In which quadrant of the S.W.O.T. analysis tool does the following fit? A firm is vulnerable to recession.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats




263.

In which element of the S.W.O.T. analysis tool does the following fit? A firm is falling behind in research and development.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats

264.

_______ means that the marketing mix is distinct from what is available from a competitor.

A. Operational

B. Visible

C. Differentiation

D. Competitive

E. None of these is correct

265.

Differentiation of a firm's marketing mix:

A. Means the firm's marketing mix is hard to distinguish from a competitor.

B. May provide the firm with a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

C. Makes it harder for consumers to notice if there is a consistent theme across all elements of the marketing mix.

D. Is usually not necessary in order for the firm to succeed.

266.

Differentiation refers to the ______________ of the firm's marketing mix to meet the needs of the target market.

A. similarity

B. uniqueness

C. unsuitability

D. willingness




267.

Differentiation

A. helps a firm get a competitive advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as other firms.

B. means that the marketing mix is similar to what is available from a competitor.

C. often requires that the firm fine-tune all of the elements of its marketing mix to the specific needs of a distinctive target market.

D. is less obvious to target customers when there is a consistent theme integrated across the four Ps decision areas.

E. can only be based on one important element of the marketing mix.

268.

______________ means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets.

A. Product development

B. Market penetration

C. Market development

D. Mass marketing

E. Diversification

269.

iRobot got its start by developing high-tech robots for military uses, but the company later started making futuristic robots that clean and wax floors in homes everywhere. Which of the four types of opportunity does this illustrate?

A. Market penetration


C. Diversification

D. Opportunity cost

E. Golden opportunity




270.

Of the four types of opportunities firms can pursue, market penetration often appeals to marketers because:

A. it requires the creation of new products.

B. it involves selling current products in familiar markets.

C. it involves selling current products in unfamiliar markets.

D. it doesn't require a more effective use of the marketing mix.

E. it is guaranteed to succeed.

271.

Which of the following firms is exploring a market development opportunity?

A. The Coleman camping gear company boosts sales of popular lanterns by setting up promotional displays at well-attended outdoor events.

B. Campbell's targets health-conscious consumers with a new line of low-sodium soups.

C. McDonald's opens two upscale hotels in Switzerland to serve families and business travelers.

D. The E-Z-Go golf cart company begins selling golf carts for use in malls, factories, and airports.

E. Mammoth Mountain Ski Resort offers horseback riding and a mountain bike park for summer visitors.

272.

_____ means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets.

A. Differentiation

B. Product development


D. Diversification





273.

When Colgate encourages its current customers to brush more often by taking their toothbrush and toothpaste to work with them, which market opportunity is Colgate pursuing?

A. Market development


C. Diversification

D. Market penetration

274.

Lipton has increased sales by developing ads that encourage its current customers to drink Lipton tea instead of coffee at morning "coffee breaks." This effort focuses on

A. diversification.

B. market penetration.


D. mass marketing.

E. market development.

275.

Tropicana is trying to get its customers to drink orange juice more often with ads that say, "It's not just for breakfast anymore." What type of opportunity is the company pursuing?


B. Diversification


D. Product development

E. Mass marketing




276.

Kraft Foods recently increased its advertising and couponing to its present cheese customers. It appears that Kraft is pursuing what kind of opportunity?




D. Mass marketing

E. Diversification

277.

If Frito-Lay (which has products in almost all the submarkets for snack foods) were to try to increase its share of one of these markets, it would be pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. diversification

B. market penetration

C. product development

D. mass marketing

E. market development

278.

Coca-Cola runs an advertising campaign on morning radio shows encouraging current customers to "have a Coke in the morning" instead of their morning coffee. This is an example of:

A. market development.


C. diversification.


E. mass marketing.




279.

Pop Soda Co. wants to increase sales of its existing carbonated drinks by making them more convenient, so it's making the drinks available at more stores in its present areas. This is an example of:

A. market penetration.

B. differentiation.


D. diversification.


280.

When a customer goes online to register Adobe's Acrobat Reader, the Web page promotes other related products, including its popular Photoshop software. This is an example of:

A. product development.

B. screening opportunities.

C. mass marketing.

D. differentiation.

E. market penetration.

281.

_____ means trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets.

A. Differentiation


C. Product development

D. Diversification





282.

When a firm tries to increase sales by selling its present products in new markets, this is called:


B. diversification.

C. market penetration.

D. mass marketing.


283.

When a company expands globally, this is an example of:



C. diversification.


E. mass marketing.

284.

When AT&T advertises in THE WALL STREET JOURNAL that smartphones using its technology can make calls from more than 200 countries in the world, which market opportunity is AT&T pursuing?



C. Diversification

D. Market development




285.

The Wall Street Journal has been trying to attract new customers by promoting its newspaper for student use in business courses. This is an example of


B. diversification.


D. market development.

286.

An Embassy Suites hotel offers an inexpensive "Family Luncheon Buffet" on Sundays to get customers for its restaurant that is filled by business travelers during weekdays. This effort to get new customers for the available facility is an example of

A. a production orientation.


C. market development.

D. diversification.


287.

Coca-Cola is taking advantage of the new willingness of Chinese leaders to engage in international trade by marketing its soft drinks in China. What type of opportunity is Coke pursuing?


B. Diversification






288.

Avon, which in the past relied on door-to-door personal selling, is trying to reach new customers by distributing mail-order catalogs, adding toll-free telephone ordering, and opening online retail sites. Avon is pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. market development


C. target marketing

D. product development

E. mass marketing

289.

A mail-order marketer of flower bulbs to gardening hobbyists decides to sell the bulbs in grocery stores-to reach nonhobbyists who might be interested in pretty flowers. This is an example of:


B. diversification.


D. product development.

290.

GreatGadgets, an Internet-based marketer of innovative gift items, decides to sell products in its own retail stores-to reach consumers who don't like to buy without first seeing the item in person. This is an example of:


B. diversification.






291.

An Australian wine producer, facing declining sales at home, set up a new channel of distribution to sell wine in the United States. This seems to be an effort at


B. diversification.



292.

E-Z-Go, a producer of golf carts, promotes its carts to other users by advertising them as an easy and quiet way for workers to get around malls, airports, and big factories. E-Z-Go is trying to increase its sales through


B. differentiation.



E. diversification.

293.

BeQuick, a fast-food restaurant, has always operated outlets in malls. With a new strategy that involves opening new outlets that sell the same menu but operate in airports, zoos, casinos, and military bases, BeQuick is pursuing what type of opportunity?



C. Differentiation


E. Diversification




294.

In an effort to increase its total sales, Champion has started exporting its spark plugs for use by several German auto producers. Champion is pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. diversification



D. mass marketing


295.

____ refers to offering new or improved products for present markets.

A. Diversification


C. Differentiation


E. Product development

296.

When a firm tries to increase sales by offering new or improved products to its present markets, this is called:

A. mass marketing.



D. diversification.





297.

If Wendy's decides to test market a hot dog in several stores to determine if it can make more profit from this menu item than from a "Wendy's single," which market opportunity is Wendy's pursuing?

A. Diversification


C. Market penetration


298.

To compete more successfully with its many competitors offering packaged cookies, Famous Amos added its own line of "extra chunky" premium cookies. This seems to be an effort at:

A. combination.




E. diversification.

299.

A producer of frozen pasta dinners finds that its current target customers select among its frozen pasta dinners, going to a pizza restaurant, or staying home and eating an Italian sub sandwich. So the company set up a chain of pizza restaurants that also serve Italian sub sandwiches. This seems to be an effort at:


B. diversification.






300.

Wendy's continues to test possible new toppings for hamburgers, including grilled mushrooms and provolone cheese. This suggests that Wendy's is pursuing _____________.

A. marketing myopia

B. mass marketing


D. market development

E. diversification

301.

Wendy's continues to come out with new offerings like stuffed pitas. This suggests that Wendy's is pursuing _____________.

A. marketing myopia

B. mass marketing



E. diversification

302.

Converse started selling its "high-top" canvas basketball shoes in colors such as hot pink, lime green, and purple, to accompany their traditional colors of black and white. Converse seems to be pursuing a _____________ opportunity.

A. market penetration

B. market development


D. diversification

E. breakthrough




303.

Heinz, in order to boost its sales, came up with ketchup in gross green and funky purple colors. It packaged the ketchup in EZ Squirt dispensers molded to fit little hands. This is an example of:



C. Diversification


304.

In developing trails for hiking and biking to bring its winter ski customers back in the summer, Mountain High Ski Resort is pursuing what type of opportunity?

A. Channel penetration

B. Diversification




305.

Zippo is pursuing _____ opportunities with its Multi-Purpose Lighter that is designed to light candles, fireplaces, grills, and more.




D. diversification

E. channeling




306.

Hewlett-Packard decided that too many other companies were attracting its customers by advertising their computer printers as "having all of the features of Hewlett-Packard's LaserJet." So Hewlett-Packard designed a new color printer with a completely new set of features that no competitors' equipment offered. Hewlett-Packard then introduced it to the same market with the hope that it could develop a larger and more profitable share. This was an effort at:


B. diversification.



307.

To improve its profits, Delta Tool Corp. has redesigned its entire line of rechargeable power drills-adding several new or improved features and three new models. Apparently, Delta Tool is pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. combiner



D. diversification

E. market penetration

308.

Professional Dental Supply has been successfully selling dental instruments to dentists for the past twenty years, and has developed strong customer relations. When looking for new marketing opportunities, Professional Dental Supply will most likely look first at


B. diversification.



E. Professional Dental Supply will look at all opportunities equally.




309.

______ means moving into totally different lines of business, perhaps entirely unfamiliar products, markets, or even levels in the production-marketing system.

A. Diversification



D. Differentiation


310.

When a firm tries to increase its total sales by offering new products to new markets, it's pursuing:

A. diversification.




E. All of these.

311.

When Sony Corp., an electronics producer, purchased the Pebble Beach golf course in California, it was pursuing what type of opportunity?

A. Diversification







312.

Cheese manufacturer, Ashe Mountain Corp., started a new chain of movie theaters called Ashe Mountain's Movie World. The theaters have been a major success and significantly increased the revenues of Ashe Mountain Corp. This is an example of:

A. Diversification


C. Product penetration

D. Differentiation


313.

A beer distributor, concerned about increasing regulation of alcoholic beverages, decides to start a new business distributing children's toys. This company seems to be pursuing


B. diversification.



314.

Industrial Plastics Corporation has decided to manufacture and sell electric motors for fishing boats. The firm appears to be pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. combiner

B. product development

C. market development

D. market penetration

E. diversification




315.

A producer of home burglar alarm devices decides to start manufacturing portable video cameras for use in industrial security situations. This is an example of


B. diversification.



316.

If a cola producer bought out a Mango juice producer in an attempt to appeal to health-conscious consumers who do not drink soft drinks, it would be pursuing a ______________ opportunity.


B. diversification

C. market penetration


317.

The most risky and challenging opportunities usually involve:



C. diversification.


E. All of these are similar in terms of risk.




318.

The most risky types of marketing opportunity to pursue usually involve



C. diversification.


E. All of these are equally risky.

319.

Because companies are likely to be most familiar with their own operations, ____________ opportunities are usually the easiest to pursue.




D. diversification

E. All of these are equally easy.

320.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding international opportunities in marketing?

A. There is no need to consider international opportunities when the domestic market is prosperous.

B. International trade is decreasing worldwide.

C. A product with slow sales growth in a domestic market may experience faster growth in another country.

D. Only large firms can engage in international marketing.

E. All of these statements about international opportunities in marketing are True.




321.

All of the following are reasons why international opportunities should be considered by managers, EXCEPT

A. the world is getting smaller.

B. serving international markets may improve economies of scale.

C. favorable trends at home and unfavorable trends in other countries make international marketing particularly attractive.

D. around the world, potential customers have needs and money to spend.

E. it helps to develop a competitive advantage at home and abroad.

322.

Going global has become easier than ever for marketers due to:

A. language differences between nations.

B. cultural differences among ethnic groups around the world.

C. advances in e-commerce, transportation, and communication.

D. political and social unrest in various parts of the world.

E. worldwide economic recession.




Chapter 02 Marketing Strategy Planning Answer Key

True / False Questions

1. Planning, implementation, and control are basic jobs of all managers. TRUE

In the marketing management process, planning, implementation, and control are basic jobs of all marketing managers.

AACSB: Analytic

AACSB: Reflective ThinkingAccessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-01 Understand what a marketing manager does.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: The Management Job in Marketing

2. Controlling the marketing plan is the first step of the marketing management

process. FALSE

Controlling marketing plans is the final step of the marketing management process. It involves measuring results and evaluating progress of plans after they have been devised and implemented.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: Understand

Learning Objective: 02-01 Understand what a marketing manager does.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: The Management Job in Marketing

3. The three basic jobs in the marketing management process are planning, implementation, and control. TRUE

The marketing management process is the process of (1) planning marketing activities, (2) directing the implementation of the plans, and (3) controlling these plans.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-01 Understand what a marketing manager does.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: The Management Job in Marketing




4. The marketing management process consists of (1) planning marketing activities, (2) directing the implementation of the plans, and (3) controlling these plans. TRUE

The marketing management process is the process of (1) planning marketing activities, (2) directing the implementation of the plans, and (3) controlling these plans.

AACSB: Analytic

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: Remember



5. Strategic planning is a top management job that includes planning only for marketing. FALSE

Strategic planning includes planning not only for marketing but also for production, finance, human resources, and other areas.

AACSB: Analytic




6. Strategic planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities. TRUE

Strategic planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities. It includes planning not only for marketing but also for production, finance, human resources, and other areas.

AACSB: Analytic







7. Strategic (management) planning is a managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between the resources of the production department and its product opportunities. FALSE

Strategic planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities.

AACSB: Analytic




8. Finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies are the tasks included in the marketing manager's marketing strategy planning job. TRUE

The marketing manager's marketing strategy planning job involves finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-02 Know what marketing strategy planning is-and why it is the focus of this book.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: What is a Marketing Strategy?

9. Marketing strategy planning is the process of deciding how best to sell the products the firm produces. FALSE

Marketing strategy planning means finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies.

AACSB: Analytic




10. A marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix. TRUE

A marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix. It is a broad view of what a firm will do in some market.

AACSB: Analytic

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation




Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-02 Know what marketing strategy planning is-and why it is the focus of this book.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: What is a Marketing Strategy?

11. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts-a target market and a

marketing mix. TRUE

The two interrelated parts that make up a marketing mix are (1) target market, and (2) marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic




12. A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts-planning and implementation. FALSE

A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts-a target market and a marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic




13. The two parts of a marketing strategy are an attractive opportunity and a target market. FALSE

A marketing strategy is composed of two interrelated parts-a target market and a marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic







14. A target market consists of a group of consumers who are usually quite different. FALSE

A target market consists of a fairly homogeneous group of customers.

AACSB: Analytic




15. A marketing mix consists of the uncontrollable variables which a company puts together to satisfy a target market. FALSE

A marketing mix is the set of controllable variables that a company puts together to satisfy a target group.

AACSB: Analytic




16. Target marketing aims a marketing mix at some specific target customers. TRUE

Target marketing aims a marketing mix at some specific target customers.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-03 Understand target marketing.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: Selecting a Market-Oriented Strategy is Target Marketing

17. Mass marketing means focusing on some specific customers, as opposed to assuming that everyone is the same and will want whatever the firm offers. FALSE

Mass marketing vaguely aims at everyone with the same marketing mix. It assumes that everyone is the same—and it considers everyone a potential customer.

AACSB: Analytic







18. The mass marketing approach is more production-oriented than marketing-oriented. TRUE

Mass marketing is the typical production-oriented approach that vaguely aims at everyone with the same marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic




19. The terms mass marketing and mass marketers mean the same thing. FALSE

Mass marketing means trying to sell to everyone, whereas mass marketers aim at clearly defined target markets.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-03 Understand target marketing.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium


20. "Mass marketers" like Target usually try to aim at clearly defined target markets. TRUE

Unlike mass marketing, which aims at trying to sell to everyone, mass marketers aim at clearly defined target markets.

AACSB: Analytic




21. The problem with target marketing is that it limits the firm to small market segments. FALSE

Target marketing is not limited to small market segments, only to fairly homogeneous ones.

AACSB: Analytic





Blooms: UnderstandLearning Objective: 02-03 Understand target marketing.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: Selecting a Market-Oriented Strategy is Target Marketing

22. Potential customers are all alike.

FALSE

Mass marketing assumes that everyone is the same and considers everyone a potential customer.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-03 Understand target marketing.Learning Objective: 02-07 Be familiar with the text's framework for marketing strategy planning.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: Marketing Strategy Planning Highlights Opportunities


23. The four "Ps" are: Product, Promotion, Price, and Personnel. FALSE

The four "Ps" in a firm's marketing mix are: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-04 Be familiar with the four Ps in a marketing mix.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: Developing Marketing Mixes for Target Markets

24. The "four Ps" of the marketing mix are: Product, Position, Promotion, and Price. FALSE






25. The "four Ps" of the marketing mix are: People, Products, Price, and Promotion. FALSE









26. Product, Place, Promotion, and Price are the four major variables (decision areas) in a firm's marketing mix. TRUE

Product, Place, Promotion, and Price are the four important variables in a firm's marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic




27. The customer is a part of the marketing mix and should be the target of all marketing efforts. FALSE

The customer is the target of all marketing efforts, and is not part of the marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-04 Be familiar with the four Ps in a marketing mix.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium


28. Although the customer should be the target of all marketing efforts, customers are not part of a marketing mix. TRUE

The customer is not part of the marketing mix, but instead the focus of all marketing efforts.

AACSB: Analytic







29. The customer should not be considered part of a "marketing mix." TRUE

The customer is not part of the marketing mix, but instead the focus of all marketing efforts.

AACSB: Analytic




30. The Product area is concerned with developing the right physical good, service, or blend of both for the target market. TRUE

The Product area is concerned with developing the right product for the target market. This offering may involve a physical good, a service, or a blend of both.

AACSB: Analytic




31. According to the text, a firm that sells a service rather than a physical good does not have a product. FALSE

The Product area is concerned with developing the right product, which may involve a physical good, a service, or both.

AACSB: Analytic




32. The Product area of the marketing mix may involve a service and/or a physical good, which satisfies some customers' needs. TRUE

The Product area is concerned with developing the right product, which may involve a physical good, a service, or both.








33. The Place decisions are concerned with getting the right product to the target market at the right time. TRUE

Place is concerned with all the decisions involved in getting the right product to the target market at the right time. A product isn't much good to a customer if it isn't available when and where it's wanted.





34. Any series of firms (or individuals) from producer to final user or consumer is a channel of distribution. TRUE

A channel of distribution is any series of firms (or individuals) that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer.





35. A channel of distribution is any series of firms or individuals that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer. TRUE

A channel of distribution is any series of firms (or individuals) that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer.








36. A channel of distribution must include an intermediary. FALSE

A channel of distribution is any series of firms (or individuals) that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer. It may or may not include an intermediary depending on the industry and type of products offered.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-04 Be familiar with the four Ps in a marketing mix.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: Developing Marketing Mixes for Target Markets

37. A channel of distribution must include several kinds of intermediaries and

collaborators. FALSE

A channel of distribution is any series of firms (or individuals) that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer. It may or may not include an intermediary depending on the industry and type of products offered.

AACSB: Analytic




38. Personal selling, mass selling, and sales promotion are all included in the Promotion area of the marketing mix. TRUE

Promotion includes personal selling, mass selling, and sales promotion. It is the marketing manager's job to blend these methods of communication.

AACSB: Analytic







39. Promotion is composed of personal selling, advertising, publicity, and sales promotion. TRUE

Promotion includes personal selling, mass selling (advertising, and publicity), and sales promotion. It is the marketing manager's job to blend these methods of communication.

AACSB: Analytic




40. Personal selling involves direct personal communication to get the sale, but

personal attention is seldom required after the sale. FALSE

Personal selling involves direct spoken communication between sellers and potential customers. Such sales often require personal attention even after the sale is made.

AACSB: Analytic




41. Customer service is needed when a customer wants the seller to resolve a

problem with a purchase. TRUE

Customer service is personal communication between a seller and a customer who wants the seller to resolve a problem with a purchase.

AACSB: Analytic







42. Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. TRUE

Advertising refers to any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.





43. Sales promotion can involve point-of-purchase materials, store signs, contests, catalogs, and circulars. TRUE

Sales promotion refers to those promotion activities that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel. This includes use of coupons, point-of-purchase materials, samples, signs, contests, events, catalogs, novelties, and circulars.





44. Sales promotion refers to those promotion activities-other than advertising, publicity, and personal selling-that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel. TRUE

Sales promotion refers to those promotion activities other than advertising, publicity, and personal selling that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel.

AACSB: Analytic



Level of Difficulty: 2 MediumTopic: Developing Marketing Mixes for Target Markets




45. Personal selling and advertising are both forms of sales promotion. FALSE

Sales promotion refers to those promotion activities other than advertising, publicity, and personal selling those stimulate interest, trial, or purchase. Therefore, neither personal selling nor advertising is a form of sales promotion.

AACSB: Analytic




46. According to the text, Promotion is the most important of the "four Ps." FALSE

No single element of the marketing mix is more important another. All four are equally important.





47. Price is the most important of the four Ps. FALSE

No single element of the marketing mix is more important than another. All four are equally important.

AACSB: Analytic




48. In general, no single element of the "four Ps" is more important than the others. TRUE

No single element of the marketing mix is more important than the other. All four are equally important.


Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: Create






49. The marketing mix should be set before the best target market is selected. FALSE

Selecting a target market and developing a marketing mix are interrelated. Both parts of a marketing strategy must be decided together.

AACSB: Analytic




50. As in the Toddler University case, the needs of a target market virtually determine the nature of an appropriate marketing mix. TRUE

The Toddler University case shows how the needs of a target market, in this case the attentive parents target market, determine the nature of an appropriate marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic




51. A marketing plan and a marketing strategy mean the same thing. FALSE

A marketing strategy is a big picture of what a firm will do in some market. A marketing plan is a written statement of a marketing strategy.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-05 Know the difference between a marketing strategy; a marketing plan; and a marketing program.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: The Marketing Plan is a Guide to Implementation and Control




52. A marketing strategy and all the time-related details for carrying out the strategy is a "marketing plan." TRUE

A marketing plan is a written statement of a marketing strategy and the time-related details for carrying out the strategy.

AACSB: Analytic




53. A marketing plan is a written statement of a marketing strategy and the time-

related details for carrying out the strategy. TRUE


AACSB: Analytic




54. Implementation means putting the marketing plan into operation.

TRUE

Implementation refers to putting marketing plans into operation.

AACSB: Analytic




55. Short-run decisions that stay within the overall guidelines set during strategy

planning are called implementation decisions. FALSE

Operational decisions refer to short-run decisions that stay within the guidelines set down during strategy planning made to help implement strategies.

AACSB: Analytic







56. Marketing strategy planning should specify all of the operational decisions to

implement the plan. FALSE

Operational decisions should stay within the guidelines set down during strategy planning but operational decisions are made regularly, sometimes daily, and should not be confused with planning strategy.

AACSB: Analytic




57. Companies such as Campbell's can only implement one marketing strategy at a

time. FALSE

Campbell's has developed different soups that are targeted to the specific needs of different target markets. The marketing plan for each type of soup is different, and fits into its overall marketing program.





58. Most companies implement only one marketing strategy at a time.

FALSE

Most companies implement more than one marketing strategy, and related marketing plan, at the same time. One such company is Procter and Gamble.

AACSB: Analytic



Level of Difficulty: 2 MediumTopic: The Marketing Plan is a Guide to Implementation and Control




59. A marketing program blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one "big" plan and is the responsibility of the whole company. TRUE

A marketing program blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one "big" plan. Its success is based on the care that goes into planning individual strategies.

AACSB: Analytic




60. A "marketing program" blends all of a firm's marketing plans into one "big" plan.

TRUE

A marketing program blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one "big" plan. Its success is based on the care that goes into planning individual strategies.

AACSB: Analytic




61. A marketing program may consist of several marketing plans.

TRUE

A marketing program blends a firm's various marketing plans into one combined plan.

AACSB: Analytic







62. A successful marketing program benefits the firm by increasing customer equity. TRUE

Customer equity is the expected earnings stream of a firm's current and prospective customers over a period of time. A successful marketing program is expected to identify opportunities that will lead to an increase in a firm's customer equity.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-05 Know the difference between a marketing strategy; a marketing plan; and a

marketing program.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: The Marketing Plan is a Guide to Implementation and Control

63. Customer lifetime value represents the total stream of purchase a customer could contribute to the company over the life of the relationship. TRUE

Customer lifetime value represents the total stream of purchase a customer could contribute to the company over the life of the relationship.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-06 Understand what customer lifetime value and customer equity are and why marketing strategy planners seek to increase them.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: Recognizing Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Equity

64. One way to increase customer equity is to find cost-effective ways to serve current

customers so they buy more. TRUE

Increasing customer equity requires marketing managers to place an emphasis on long-term profits. This includes finding cost-effective ways to serve current customers so they buy more in the future.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-06 Understand what customer lifetime value and customer equity are and why

marketing strategy planners seek to increase them.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: Recognizing Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Equity




65. One way to increase customer equity is to find cost-effective ways to add new customers for the firm's products. TRUE

Increasing customer equity requires marketing managers to place an emphasis on long-term profits. This means that marketing strategies can focus on attracting new customers using cost-effective methods.

AACSB: Analytic





66. The best way to increase customer equity is to find cost-effective ways to increase earnings from current customers while bringing profitable new customers into the fold. TRUE

Increasing customer equity requires marketing managers to place an emphasis on long-term profits. To achieve this, marketing strategies can focus on attracting new customers as well as retaining and growing current customers.

AACSB: Analytic





67. The customer equity approach guides the marketing manager to make marketing decisions that enhance the firm's short-term profits—just for the next quarter or year. FALSE

The customer equity approach guides the marketing manager to make marketing decisions that enhance the firm's long-term profits—not just for the next quarter or year. By estimating the impacts that different marketing strategies and marketing programs have on customer equity, a firm can make marketing decisions with long-run financial implications in mind.

AACSB: Analytic



Level of Difficulty: 2 MediumTopic: Recognizing Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Equity




68. Enhancing customer value by increasing their purchases is a potential source of new revenue. TRUE

Acquiring new customers, retaining current customers, and enhancing the customer value by increasing their purchases are potential sources of new revenue.

AACSB: Analytic




69. An extremely good plan might be carried out badly and still produce profits, while

a poor but well implemented plan can lose money. TRUE

Marketing strategy planning is an important concept. An extremely good plan might be carried out badly and still be profitable, while a poor but well implemented plan can lose money.




Level of Difficulty: 2 MediumTopic: The Importance of Marketing Strategy Planning

70. The U.S. auto industry has become much more marketing-oriented since Henry

Ford introduced the Model T. TRUE

Henry Ford revolutionized the auto industry when he built an assembly line to produce the Model T. The line helped him make cars for much less than his competitors, and the pricing appealed to a large section of the market.

AACSB: Analytic



Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: The Importance of Marketing Strategy Planning




71. Many U.S. automakers have failed because they were not marketing oriented. TRUE

Ford and other U.S. automakers struggled due to the lack of a competitive marketing strategy that could appeal to customers.

AACSB: Analytic




72. Managers who embrace the marketing concept realize that they cannot just define

their line of business in terms of the products they currently produce or sell. TRUE

An industry must learn to be more marketing oriented and cannot just define its business in terms of the products they buy or sell.





73. The single most important factor in screening possible marketing opportunities is

the long-run trends facing the company. FALSE

Attractive opportunities for a given firm are those that the firm has some chance of exploiting given its resources and objectives. An opportunity that is attractive for one firm may not be attractive for another.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-07 Be familiar with the text's framework for marketing strategy planning.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: What are Attractive Opportunities?




74. Attractive opportunities for a particular firm are those that the firm has some chance of doing something about-given its resources and objectives. TRUE

Attractive opportunities for a given firm are those that the firm has some chance of exploiting given its resources and objectives.

AACSB: Analytic




75. A "breakthrough opportunity" is an opportunity that helps innovators develop long-term, hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable. TRUE

Breakthrough opportunities are opportunities that help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time.

AACSB: Analytic




76. "Breakthrough opportunities" are ones that help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be profitable for a long time. TRUE

Breakthrough opportunities are opportunities that help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time.

AACSB: Analytic




77. A firm with a "competitive advantage" has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better than a competitor's mix. TRUE

Competitive advantage means that a firm has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better than a competitor's mix.

AACSB: Analytic





Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-07 Be familiar with the text's framework for marketing strategy planning.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: What are Attractive Opportunities?

78. Finding "competitive advantages" is important because they are needed for

survival in increasingly competitive markets. TRUE

Even if a firm can't find a breakthrough opportunity, it should try to obtain a competitive advantage to increase its chances for profit or survival.

AACSB: Analytic




79. It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a narrowing-down process. TRUE

The marketing strategy planning process narrows down from broad opportunities to specific strategy.

AACSB: Analytic



Topic: Marketing Strategy Planning Process Highlights Opportunities

80. The marketing strategy planning process starts with a narrow look at a market, and becomes broader the closer the firm comes to developing a marketing mix. FALSE

The marketing strategy planning process starts with a broad look at a market and narrows down towards specific strategy such as marketing mixes.

AACSB: Analytic







81. There are usually more different strategy possibilities than a firm can pursue. TRUE

There are usually more different opportunities and strategy possibilities than a firm can pursue-each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

AACSB: Analytic




82. Developing a set of specific qualitative and quantitative screening criteria can help a manager define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete. TRUE

Developing a set of specific qualitative and quantitative screening criteria can help a manager define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete. This can be derived from an analysis of the company's objectives and resources.

AACSB: Analytic




83. A S.W.O.T. analysis is one way to zero in on a marketing strategy that is well-suited to the firm. TRUE

With a S.W.O.T. analysis, a marketing manager can begin to identify strategies that take advantage of the firm's strengths and opportunities while avoiding weaknesses and threats.

AACSB: Analytic







84. A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies the "special weapons or tactics" used by the competitor in a product-market that has the most profitable marketing mix. FALSE

S.W.O.T. analysis is one that identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

AACSB: Analytic




85. S.W.O.T. analysis is based on the idea that one of the best ways to develop a strategy is to identify and copy the marketing "strategies, weapons, outlook, and tactics" of the firm's most effective competitor. FALSE

S.W.O.T. analysis is one that identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A marketing manager can begin to identify strategies that take advantage of the firm's strengths and opportunities while avoiding weaknesses and threats.

AACSB: Analytic




86. A good S.W.O.T. analysis helps a manager focus on a strategy that takes advantages of the firm's opportunities and strengths while avoiding its weaknesses and threats to its success. TRUE

S.W.O.T. analysis helps a marketing manager identify strategies that take advantage of the firm's strengths and opportunities while avoiding weaknesses and threats.

AACSB: Analytic







87. The letters in "S.W.O.T. analysis" are an abbreviation for the first letters of the words "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats." TRUE

The name S.W.O.T. is simply an abbreviation for the first letters in the words strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

AACSB: Analytic




88. The letters in "S.W.O.T. analysis" are an abbreviation for the first letters of the words "special weapons or tactics." FALSE

The name S.W.O.T. is simply an abbreviation for the first letters in the words strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

AACSB: Analytic




89. Segmentation is the process a manager goes through to decide which subgroups of customers to select. TRUE

Segmentation is the reason why manager may decide to serve some subgroups of customers and not others.

AACSB: Analytic




90. Differentiation means that the marketing mix is distinct from and better than what is available from a competitor. TRUE

Differentiation means that the marketing mix of a firm is distinct from what is available with a competitor.

AACSB: Analytic





Blooms: RememberLearning Objective: 02-07 Be familiar with the text's framework for marketing strategy planning.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: Marketing Strategy Planning Process Highlights Opportunities

91. Differentiation means that the firm's marketing mix is similar to its competitors'

mixes. FALSE

Differentiation means that the marketing mix of a firm is distinct from what is available with a competitor.

AACSB: Analytic




92. Differentiation often requires a firm to fine-tune its marketing mix to meet the specific needs of its target market(s). TRUE

Differentiation often requires that the firm fine-tune all of the elements of its marketing mix to the specific needs of a distinctive target market.

AACSB: Analytic




93. Differentiation emphasizes uniqueness rather than similarity. TRUE

Differentiation should emphasize the differences so target customers will think of the firm as being in a unique position to meet their needs.

AACSB: Analytic







94. Differentiation emphasizes similarity rather than uniqueness. FALSE

Differentiation should emphasize the differences so target customers will think of the firm as being in a unique position to meet their needs.

AACSB: Analytic




95. The external market environment doesn't play a role in the marketing strategy planning process because it exists outside of the company. FALSE

While the external market environment is outside of the company, it is comprised of trends and forces that can make a potential marketing opportunity more or less attractive or likely to succeed.



Learning Objective: 02-07 Be familiar with the text's framework for marketing strategy planning.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium


96. It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a process that begins with a narrow focus but then broadens to embrace unlimited opportunities and options. FALSE

It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a narrowing-down process. The process begins with a broad look at a market but then narrows as marketers evaluate specific qualitative and quantitative screening criteria that help zero in on the best target market and marketing mix.








97. The first two letters in the S.W.O.T. analysis help managers examine customers, competition, and the external marketing environment. FALSE

The first two letters of the S.W.O.T. analysis stand for "strengths and weaknesses" and guide managers to look inward to assess a company's internal capabilities and resources.





98. The last two letters in the S.W.O.T. refer to "opportunities" and "threats" related to factors outside the company, including customers, competition, and the external marketing environment. TRUE

Whereas the first two letters of the S.W.O.T. analysis focus on strengths and weaknesses related to a company's internal resources and capabilities, the last two letters examine "opportunities and threats" outside the firm related to customers, competition, and the external marketing environment.





99. Marketing opportunities involving present products and present markets are called "market penetration" opportunities. TRUE

Market penetration means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets.



Learning Objective: 02-08 Know four broad types of marketing opportunities that help in identifying new strategies.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: Types of Opportunities to Pursue




100. Market penetration means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets-probably through a more aggressive marketing mix. TRUE

Market penetration means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets through a more aggressive marketing mix.





101. A firm that tries to increase sales by selling new products in new markets is

pursuing "market development" opportunities. FALSE

Market development means trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets.





102. A "market development" opportunity would involve a firm offering new or

improved products to its present markets. FALSE

Market development means trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets.

AACSB: Analytic







103. When a firm tries to increase sales by offering new or improved products to its present markets, this is called "product development." TRUE

Product development means offering new or improved products for present markets.





104. Nike moved beyond shoes and sportswear to offer its athletic target market a

running watch, digital audio player, and even a portable heart-rate monitor. This is an example of a market development strategy. FALSE

This is an example of product development, which means offering new or improved products for present markets. By knowing the present market's needs, a firm may see new ways to satisfy customers.




Level of Difficulty: 3 HardTopic: Types of Opportunities to Pursue

105. The ArrowPoint Company has just modified and enlarged its product line to meet

the changing needs of its current customers. This is an example of "market development." FALSE

Product development means offering new or improved products for present markets. By knowing the present market's needs, a firm may see new ways to satisfy customers.








106. When Cadillac added a new sports utility vehicle called Escalade to the "luxury-oriented" selection at its existing dealers, it was seeking "market development" opportunities. FALSE






107. If Burger King added tacos to the "burger-oriented" menu in its existing

restaurants, it would be seeking "market development" opportunities. FALSE






108. Marketing opportunities that involve moving into totally different lines of business

are "diversification" opportunities. TRUE

Diversification means moving into totally different lines of business. It could be entirely unfamiliar products, markets, or even levels in the production-marketing system.








109. The least risky-but most challenging-marketing opportunities are diversification opportunities. FALSE

Products and customers that are very different from a firm's current base may look attractive, but these opportunities are usually hard to evaluate. That's why diversification usually involves the biggest risk.





110. Often, attractive opportunities are fairly close to markets the firm already knows.

TRUE

Most firms think first of greater market penetration and usually find the most attractive opportunities in markets they already know.

AACSB: Analytic




111. When it comes to choosing among different types of opportunities, most firms tend

to be production-oriented and usually think first of diversification. FALSE

Most firms tend to think first of greater market penetration when they think of diversification.

AACSB: Analytic







112. Of the four types of opportunities firms can pursue, diversification is the easiest to evaluate and involves the least risk. FALSE

Since diversification opportunities require moving into totally different lines of business-perhaps entirely unfamiliar products, markets, or even levels in the production-marketing system-such opportunities are hard to evaluate and involve the greatest risk.





113. A significant emerging middle class consumer segment in a country is a strong

opportunity for brands to shift focus toward it. TRUE

A significant emerging middle class consumer segment in a country is a strong opportunity for brands to shift focus toward it.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-09 Understand why strategies for opportunities in international markets should be considered.

Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: International Opportunities should be Considered

114. Advances in e-commerce, transportation, and communications have had little

impact on creating international opportunities. FALSE

Advances in e-commerce, transportation, and communications are making it easier and cheaper to reach international customers. With a website and e-mail, even the smallest firm can provide international customers with a great deal of information—and easy ways to order—at very little expense.

AACSB: Analytic







115. If customers in other countries are interested in the products a firm offers, or could offer, serving them may improve economies of scale. TRUE

If customers in other countries are interested in the products a firm offers, or could offer, serving them may improve economies of scale. Lower costs and prices may give a firm a competitive advantage both in its home markets and abroad.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: UnderstandLearning Objective: 02-09 Understand why strategies for opportunities in international markets should be

considered.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy

Topic: International Opportunities should be Considered

116. Unfavorable trends in the domestic market environment may make the international marketing environment very attractive. TRUE

Unfavorable trends in the market environment at home or favorable trends in other countries may make international marketing particularly attractive.

AACSB: Analytic




117. International opportunities should be considered in the strategy planning process,

but they don't always survive as the most attractive ones that are turned into strategies. TRUE

Marketing managers should consider international opportunities, but risks are often higher in foreign markets. Many firms fail because they don't know the foreign country's culture.

AACSB: Analytic







118. Marketing managers usually find that opportunities in international markets are less profitable than in domestic markets. FALSE

Unfavorable trends in the market environment at home—or favorable trends in other countries—may make international marketing particularly attractive. However, managers must assess both the risks and opportunities.

AACSB: Analytic




119. When a firm's domestic market is prosperous, marketing managers are less likely

to pursue opportunities in international markets. TRUE

Marketers who are attaining success in domestic markets often fall into the trap of ignoring opportunities in international markets.





120. The basic reason to focus on some specific target customers instead of all possible

customers is so that managers can develop a marketing mix that satisfies those customers' specific needs better than they are satisfied by some other firm. TRUE

Since everyone is different, marketers need to focus efforts on some specific target customers instead of all customers. Target marketing allows marketers to develop a marketing mix that satisfies the needs of select consumers.





Multiple Choice Questions




121. The three basic tasks of ALL managers, according to the text, are:

A. planning, staffing, and evaluating.

B. marketing, production, and finance.

C. execution, feedback, and control.

D. hiring, training, and compensating.

E. planning, implementation, and control.

Planning, implementation, and control are basic jobs of all managers.

AACSB: Analytic




122. Controlling is vital to the marketing management process because:

A. marketing managers need to control their subordinates.

B. controlling examines a firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

C. gathering feedback on a plan's results may lead to beneficial adjustments or entirely new plans.

D. controlling involves identifying a target market.

E. controlling is part of the marketing mix.

In the controlling step of the marketing management process, managers measure the results of a plan to see if everything is working out as expected. The control function is especially important since feedback gathered during the controlling stage often leads to beneficial plan adjustments or entirely new plans.








123. Which of the following duties would not be performed by a firm's marketing managers?

A. Planning activities

B. Directing the implementation of plans

C. Controlling plans

D. Overseeing the firm's financial statements

E. Developing marketing mixes for target markets

Marketing managers oversee all aspects of the marketing management process, including planning marketing, directing the implementation of the plans, and controlling these plans. Overseeing a firm's financial statements is a duty for financial officers and accountants.





124. Which of the following is one of three basic marketing management jobs?

A. To direct the implementation of plans

B. To control the plans in actual operation

C. To plan marketing activities

D. All of these are basic marketing management jobs

The marketing management process is (1) planning marketing activities, (2) directing the implementation of the plans, and (3) controlling these plans.

AACSB: Analytic







125. The marketing management process is the process of:

A. Planning marketing activities.

B. Implementing marketing plans.

C. Controlling marketing plans.

D. All of these.

The marketing management process refers to (1) planning marketing activities, (2) directing the implementation of the plans, and (3) controlling these plans.

AACSB: Analytic




126. Why can't marketing managers be satisfied just planning present activities?

A. Markets are dynamic.

B. Consumers' needs keep changing.

C. The environment keeps changing.

D. Competitors often change.

E. All of these are reasons why marketing managers can't be satisfied just planning present activities.

Marketing managers are not satisfied just planning present activities since markets are usually dynamic and consumers' needs, competition, and the environment keep changing.








127. The managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between the resources of an organization and its market opportunities is called:

A. management by objective.

B. marketing programming.

C. marketing strategy planning.

D. strategic (management) planning.

E. market planning.

Strategic (management) planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities.

AACSB: Analytic




128. _____ is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities.

A. Strategic (management) planning

B. Target marketing

C. Mass marketing

D. Resource allocation

E. Marketing control

Strategic (management) planning is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization's resources and its market opportunities.

AACSB: Analytic







129. "Marketing strategy planning" means:

A. finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies.

B. finding attractive opportunities and selecting a target market.

C. selecting an attractive target market.

D. selecting an attractive marketing mix.

E. selecting a target market and developing a marketing strategy.

Marketing strategy planning means finding attractive opportunities and developing profitable marketing strategies.

AACSB: Analytic




130. Marketing strategies

A. enable marketing managers to be satisfied just planning present activities.

B. ensure that every opportunity is good for every company.

C. do not specify target markets and related marketing mixes.

D. provide a limited picture of what a firm will do in some market.

E. are not whole-company plans.

Marketing strategies are not whole-company plans, but company plans should be market-oriented.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-02 Know what marketing strategy planning is-and why it is the focus of this book.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium





131. A marketing strategy

A. specifies a target market and a related marketing mix.

B. provides a focused but narrow picture of what a firm will do in some market.

C. is a market-oriented, whole-company plan.

D. includes two interrelated parts-product mix and product development.

E. includes the marketing mix, but does not specify customers.

A marketing strategy has two interrelated parts (1) a target market, (2) a marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic


Learning Objective: 02-02 Know what marketing strategy planning is-and why it is the focus of this book.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium


132. A marketing strategy specifies:

A. a target market and a related marketing mix.

B. all the company's resources.

C. a target market.

D. a target market and the company's objectives.

E. a marketing mix.

A marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix. It is a big picture of what a firm will do in some market.

AACSB: Analytic







133. A marketing strategy specifies:

A. a marketing mix.

B. a target market and a related marketing mix.

C. a target market.

D. the resources needed to implement a marketing mix.


AACSB: Analytic




134. A target market and a related marketing mix make up a:

A. Marketing plan.

B. Marketing strategy.

C. Marketing program.

D. Marketing analysis.

E. Marketing proposal.


AACSB: Analytic







135. Herbal Essences tries to sell its hair shampoos and conditioners to adult women, ages 18-24. These women represent Herbal Essences' primary:

A. marketing strategy.

B. 4 Ps.

C. target market.

D. marketing mix.

E. channel of distribution.

A target market is a fairly homogeneous group of customers to whom a company wishes to appeal.

AACSB: Analytic

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: Apply



136. Target marketing, in contrast to mass marketing:

A. Assumes all customers have the same needs.

B. Assumes everyone is a potential customer.

C. Focuses only on small market segments.

D. Tailors a marketing mix to fit some specific group of customers.

E. Makes it more likely that a firm will face direct competition.

Target marketing says that a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers.








137. Which of the following statements about target marketing is incorrect?


B. Mass marketers like Kraft and Walmart may conduct target marketing.

C. Target marketing is not limited to small market segments.

D. Target marketing assumes that everyone is different and specifies some particular target customers.

E. Target marketing is associated with the typical production-oriented approach that aims at everyone with the same marketing mix.

Mass marketing is a typical production-oriented approach that aims generally at everyone using the same marketing mix. In contrast, target marketing sees everyone as different and says that a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers.





138. The difference between target marketing and mass marketing is that target marketing

A. means focusing on a small market.

B. focuses on short-run objectives, while mass marketing focuses on long-run objectives.

C. focuses on specific customers, while mass marketing aims at an entire market.

D. does not rely on e-commerce but mass marketing does.

E. aims at increased sales, while mass marketing focuses on increased profits.

Target marketing says that a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers. In contrast, mass marketing vaguely aims at "everyone" with the same marketing mix.








139. "Target marketing," in contrast to "mass marketing,"

A. ignores the need for the firm to obtain a competitive advantage.

B. ignores markets that are large and spread out.

C. is limited to small market segments.

D. assumes that all customers are basically the same.

E. None of these answers is correct.

Target marketing says that a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers. In contrast, mass marketing vaguely aims at "everyone" with the same marketing mix. Mass marketing assumes that everyone is the same and considers everyone a potential customer.

AACSB: Analytic




140. Target marketing

A. is a production-oriented approach to marketing.

B. is essentially the same as mass marketing.

C. considers everyone a potential customer.

D. assumes that everyone is the same.

E. specifies some particular group of customers.

Target marketing says that a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers.

AACSB: Analytic







141. _____ assume(s) that everyone is the same-and consider(s) everyone to be a potential customer.

A. Mass marketers

B. Target marketing

C. Mass marketing

D. Target marketers

E. Objective marketing

Mass marketing, with its typical production-oriented approach, assumes that everyone is the same and considers everyone a potential customer.

AACSB: Analytic




142. Marketing managers should view potential customers as

A. all alike.

B. all having the same needs.

C. always wanting to meet needs in the same way.

D. grouped into segments of similar consumers.

E. different types, but all having the same characteristics.

Not all potential customers have the same needs nor do they always want their needs met in the same way. In spite of the many possible differences, there often are segments of consumers who are similar and could be satisfied with the same marketing mix.



Learning Objective: 02-03 Understand target marketing.Learning Objective: 02-06 Understand what customer lifetime value and customer equity are and why

marketing strategy planners seek to increase them.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium

Topic: Marketing Strategy Planning Highlights OpportunitiesTopic: Selecting a Market-Oriented Strategy is Target Marketing




143. Good marketing strategy planners know that:

A. firms like Nabisco and Walmart are too large to aim at clearly defined target markets.

B. target marketing does not limit one to small market segments.

C. mass marketing is often very desirable and effective.

D. the terms "mass marketing" and "mass marketer" mean basically the same thing.

E. target markets cannot be large and spread out.

Target marketing is not limited to small market segments, only to fairly homogeneous ones. A very large market, sometimes called the "mass market", may be fairly homogeneous, and a target marketer will deliberately aim at it.





144. "Target marketing," in contrast to "mass marketing,"

A. is limited to small market segments.

B. assumes that all customers are basically the same.

C. ignores markets that are large and spread out.

D. focuses on fairly homogeneous market segments.

Target marketing is not limited to small market segments, only to fairly homogeneous ones. A very large market, sometimes called the "mass market", may be fairly homogeneous, and a target marketer will deliberately aim at it.








145. Identify the incorrect statement regarding target marketing.


B. Mass marketers cannot do target marketing.

C. Target marketing can mean big markets and profits.

D. Marketing-oriented managers practice "target marketing."

E. It aims at a marketing mix that is tailored to fit specific target customers.

Target marketing says that a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers. However, mass marketers like Kraft Foods and Walmart aim clearly at defined target markets. The confusion with mass marketing occurs because their target markets usually are large and spread out.





146. The marketing mix

A. includes four variables-People, Place, Promotion, and Price.

B. includes the target market.

C. helps to organize the marketing strategy decision areas.

D. includes four variables-advertising, personal selling, customer service, and sales promotion.

E. does not focus on target customers.

The variables of the marketing mix help organize marketing related decisions, and simplify the selection of marketing mixes.

AACSB: Analytic







147. The "four Ps" of a marketing mix are:

A. Production, Personnel, Price, and Physical Distribution

B. Promotion, Production, Price, and People

C. Potential Customers, Product, Price, and Personal Selling

D. Product, Price, Promotion, and Profit

E. Product, Place, Promotion, and Price

The different variables of the marketing mix are product, place, promotion, and price.

AACSB: Analytic




148. A marketing mix consists of:

A. policies, procedures, plans, and personnel.

B. the customer and the "four Ps."

C. all variables, controllable and uncontrollable.

D. product, price, promotion, and place.


AACSB: Analytic







149. A firm's "marketing mix" decision areas would NOT include:

A. Promotion.

B. People.

C. Price.

D. Product.

E. Place.


AACSB: Analytic




150. A firm's "marketing mix" decision areas would NOT include:

A. Price.

B. Promotion.

C. Product.

D. Place.

E. Profit.


AACSB: Analytic







151. Which of the following is NOT one of the four variables in a marketing mix?

A. Price

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Payment

E. Place


AACSB: Analytic




152. Which of the following is true?

A. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for only physical goods.

B. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and services.

C. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for only tangible merchandise.

D. The product "P" in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and tangible merchandise.


AACSB: Analytic







153. "Product" is concerned with:

A. branding.

B. packaging and warranty.

C. physical goods.

D. services.


Products include physical goods and/or services and product related decisions include branding, packaging, and warranties.

AACSB: Analytic





A. branding and warranties.

B. physical goods and/or services.

C. packaging.

D. developing the right new product for a market.


Products include physical goods and/or services and product related decisions include branding, warranties, and packaging. Developing the right new product is also included in "Product."

AACSB: Analytic








A. services.

B. developing products that will satisfy some customers' needs.

C. designing, packaging, and branding new products.

D. physical goods.

E. All of these might be involved with Product.

Apart from the physical product, a service, or a blend of both, product related decisions include developing, designing, packaging, and branding.

AACSB: Analytic




156. "Product" is NOT concerned with:

A. quality level.

B. branding.

C. wholesale price.

D. packaging.

E. warranty.

Price, whether a wholesale price or a consumer price, is not part of Product.

AACSB: Analytic







157. Which of the following is NOT a Product-area decision?

A. Quality level.

B. Market exposure.

C. Instructions.

D. Packaging.

E. Branding.

"Market exposure" is part of Place, not Product.





158. Which of the following is NOT considered a product?

A. Tax advice from a financial consultant.

B. A computer.

C. A haircut.

D. A chair.

E. All of these are considered products.









159. Henry Ford told prospective customers of his Model T car, "You can have any color as long as it is black." Which aspect of the marketing mix was he stressing?

A. Promotion

B. Product

C. Place

D. Price




Learning Objective: 02-04 Be familiar with the four Ps in a marketing mix.Learning Objective: 02-06 Understand what customer lifetime value and customer equity are and why


Topic: Developing Marketing Mixes for Target MarketsTopic: The Importance of Marketing Strategy Planning

160. The packaging design for a new flavor of Ben and Jerry's ice cream is an aspect of

which component of the marketing mix?

A. Place

B. Price

C. Product

D. Promotion

"Packaging design" is part of Product.








161. Suzuki's 3 year/36,000 mile new car warranty is part of which marketing mix decision area?

A. Price

B. Target market

C. Place

D. Product

E. Promotion

"Warranty" is part of Product.





162. Dell, Inc. wants to offer customers televisions in addition to computers. This is a change in its _____________________ strategy.

A. pricing

B. promotional

C. personnel

D. product

E. placement

The Product area is concerned with developing the right product for the target market. Dell offers its customers various products.








163. Big Fizz Co., a manufacturer of cola-flavored drinks, wants to add packaged fruit juices to its existing product line. Big Fizz needs to make some decisions regarding packaging and branding of the fruit juices. These decisions would fall under which variable of the marketing mix?

A. Product

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Price

E. Personal selling

Packaging and branding are part of Product.





164. When one considers the strategy decisions organized by the four Ps, branding is related to packaging as:

A. branding is to pricing.

B. production is to marketing.

C. store location is to sales force selection.

D. personal selling is to mass selling.

E. pricing is to promotion.

Branding and packaging are important elements of Product-area decisions, while personal selling and mass selling are important elements of Promotion-area decisions.



Learning Objective: 02-04 Be familiar with the four Ps in a marketing mix.Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard





165. A firm's decisions regarding channel type, market exposure and kinds of intermediaries would fall under the marketing mix variable of

A. Product.

B. Place.

C. Promotion.

D. Price.

E. People.

Place is concerned with all the decisions involved in getting the right product to the target market's place. A product reaches customers through a channel of distribution. Other important decisions include channel type, market exposure, kinds of intermediaries, etc.





166. The ______ area of the marketing mix is concerned with decisions about getting the "right" product to the target market when and where it's wanted.

A. product

B. people

C. promotion

D. price

E. place

Place is concerned with all the decisions involved in getting the right product to the target market's place.








167. "Place" is concerned with:

A. intermediaries.

B. transporting.

C. channel members.

D. storing.


Place is concerned with decisions involving channel type, market exposure, kinds of intermediaries, kinds and locations of stores, how to handle transporting and storing, service levels, etc.

AACSB: Analytic




168. "Place" is concerned with:

A. getting the product to its intended market.

B. intermediaries located between producers and consumers.

C. where, when, and by whom goods are offered for sale.

D. when and where products are wanted.



AACSB: Analytic







169. "Place" is NOT concerned with:

A. storing.

B. intermediaries.

C. transporting.

D. channels of distribution.

E. sales reps.

"Sales reps" are a part of the Promotion variable of the marketing mix.

AACSB: Analytic




170. "Place" is NOT concerned with:

A. who handles storing and transporting.

B. when and where products are wanted.

C. kinds of intermediaries needed to reach customers.

D. telling the target market what products are available-and where.

E. channels of distribution.

"Telling the target market what products are available and where" is part of Promotion.

AACSB: Analytic







171. Hewlett-Packard sells personal computers through specialty computer stores, electronics superstores, and its own Internet site. The marketing mix variable that is being considered here is:

A. Price.

B. Promotion.

C. Personnel.

D. Product.

E. Place.






172. Scott Paper uses many intermediaries to reach its target markets; Citibank uses none. Which of the marketing mix variables is being considered here?

A. Penetration

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Place

E. Price









173. Any series of firms or individuals that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer is known as:

A. customer service.

B. a packaging line.

C. a production line.


E. mass marketing.

A channel of distribution is any series of firms or individuals that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer.

AACSB: Analytic




174. A "channel of distribution":

A. usually has three members-a manufacturer, a distributor, and a retailer.

B. is any series of firms (or individuals) from producer to final user or consumer.

C. should be as short as possible.

D. is not involved if a firm sells directly from its own website to final customers.

A channel of distribution is any series of firms or individuals that participate in the flow of products from producer to final user or consumer.








175. When Herbal Essences tries to get shelf space in Target and Walmart because young women frequently shop there for hair care products, this is an example of which of the 4Ps?

A. Price

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Place






176. A detailed plan for handling transportation and storage of a new product that is now being distributed to wholesalers nationwide is an aspect of which part of the 4Ps?

A. Place

B. Product

C. Promotion

D. Price









177. An office supplies producer sells a variety of office supplies to final consumers and businesses using its own mail order catalog. Here,

A. there is no channel of distribution.

B. there is no opportunity to apply target marketing.

C. no promotion is involved.

D. a production orientation is just as effective as a marketing orientation.

E. None of these is true.

There is a channel of distribution, albeit short; there is target marketing; there is promotion; and a marketing orientation if always more effective.





178. The _____ area of the marketing mix includes decisions related to telling the target market or others in the channel of distribution about the "right" product.

A. product

B. place

C. promotion

D. price

E. communication

Promotion is that element of the marketing mix that is concerned with telling the target market or others in the channel of distribution about the "right" product.








179. "Promotion" may include:

A. personal selling to channel members.

B. point-of-purchase materials.

C. mail-order selling.

D. advertising on the Internet.


Promotion is concerned with telling the target market or others in the channel of distribution about the "right" product. Promotion includes personal selling, mass selling, and sales promotion.





180. "Promotion" includes:

A. advertising.


C. sales promotion.

D. publicity.


Promotion includes personal selling, mass selling (advertising and publicity), and sales promotion.








181. Marketing strategy decisions concerning Promotion include decisions about

A. packaging and branding.

B. the kinds of intermediaries to use.

C. training for salespeople.

D. transporting and storing.

E. discounts and allowances.

Promotion includes "training for salespeople." "Packaging and branding" are part of Product. "Kinds of intermediaries" is part of Place. "Discounts and allowances" are part of Price.





182. "Promotion" is NOT concerned with:

A. creating billboard ads.

B. designing new products.

C. publicity.

D. television commercials.

E. personal selling.

Designing new products is a function of the Product variable of the marketing mix. Promotion deals with mass selling, personal selling, advertising, publicity, and sales promotion.

AACSB: Analytic







183. Personal selling lets the salesperson adapt the firm's marketing mix to a specific customer. This is an aspect of which marketing mix variable?

A. Price

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Product

Personal selling is part of Promotion.

AACSB: Analytic




184. ______________ is direct spoken communication between sellers and potential customers.

A. Personal selling

B. Sales promotion

C. Advertising

D. Publicity

E. Mass selling

Personal selling involves direct spoken communication between sellers and potential customers. It may happen face-to-face, over the telephone or even via a videoconference over the Internet.

AACSB: Analytic







185. From the perspective of the four Ps, personal selling is to advertising as

A. mass selling is to branding.

B. Place is to Product.

C. sales promotion is to pricing.

D. warranties are to channel type.

E. geographic terms are to price allowances.

Personal selling and advertising are important components of Promotion, while geographic terms and price allowances are important components of Price.





186. ______ refers to personal communication between a seller and a customer who wants the seller to resolve a problem with a purchase.

A. Advertising

B. Sales promotion

C. Publicity

D. Personal selling

E. Customer service

Customer service refers to personal communication between a seller and a customer who wants the seller to resolve a problem with a purchase. This is often a key to building repeat business.








187. Advertising is:

A. the designing and distribution of novelties, point-of-purchase materials, store signs, contests, catalogs, and circulars.

B. direct communication between sellers and potential customers.

C. any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.

D. the main form of publicity.

E. All of these are included in Advertising.

Advertising refers to any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.

AACSB: Analytic




188. A popular television show, The Unexpected, achieved skyrocketing ratings after

moralist Tom Bowman attempted to have it removed from the air. This is an example of mass selling through

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. unethical means.


E. media hype.

Publicity is any unpaid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services which includes getting favorable coverage in newspaper stories or on television as well as creating and placing content on the web for customers to find or pass along to others.








189. Sales promotion:

A. lets the salesperson adapt the firm's marketing mix to each potential customer.

B. is the main form of advertising.

C. tries to help the personal selling and mass selling people.

D. is free.

E. consists of both advertising and personal selling.

Sales promotion refers to those promotional activities that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel. It aids the efforts of personal selling and mass selling.





190. Catalogs, point-of-purchase materials, and free samples are all examples of:

A. publicity.


C. sales promotion.

D. advertising.

Sales promotion refers to those promotion activities that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel. This can involve use of coupons, point-of-purchase materials, samples, signs, contests, events, catalogs, novelties, and circulars.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: ApplyLearning Objective: 02-04 Be familiar with the four Ps in a marketing mix.





191. Coupons, samples, and point-of-purchase materials are examples of

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. specialty service.


E. sales promotion.






192. When Herbal Essences offers "dollar-off coupons" to adult women to try to get them to try its shampoos and conditioners, this is an example of:

A. publicity.

B. sales promotion.



E. distribution.









193. Ford Motor Co. "loaned" new Fiestas to social trendsetters who drove the cars as part of their Meals on Wheels responsibilities. When Ford asked them to write about their driving experiences on Facebook and Twitter, it was emphasizing which aspect of the 4Ps?

A. Product

B. Place

C. Price

D. Promotion

Promotion tells the target customers and others in the channel about the product that has been designed for them.





194. The owner of the new Sharp Scissors hair salon gave coupons to potential customers walking by her store to stimulate interest and trial of her new hair salon. The coupons are an example of

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. sales promotion.


E. media.

Sales promotion refers to those promotional activities that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel. This can involve use of coupons, point-of-purchase materials, samples, signs, contests, events, catalogs, novelties, and circulars.








195. To help cosmetic company, RedRain Inc., launch a new line of lipstick, tickets that can be redeemed for prizes are enclosed in some of the lipstick packages. This activity can be best classified as

A. advertising.

B. publicity.

C. sales promotion.


E. mass marketing.






196. When 3M sent samples of Breathe Right Nasal Strips to the NFL trainers, this was an example of a ___________________ strategy.

A. price

B. promotion

C. personnel

D. product

E. place









197. "Price":

A. is affected by the kind of competition in the target market.

B. includes markups and discounts, but not allowances and freight charges.

C. is not affected by customer reactions.

D. is the most important part of a marketing mix.

Price setting must consider the kind of competition in the target market and the cost of the whole marketing mix. A manager must also try to estimate customer reaction to possible prices.

AACSB: Analytic




198. The Price area of the marketing mix:

A. requires consideration of the cost of the marketing mix and the competition facing the firm when setting prices.

B. does not involve estimating consumer reaction to possible prices.

C. refers to any paid form of nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.

D. does not include the consideration of geographic terms in price setting.

E. None of these is correct.

Price setting must consider the kind of competition in the target market and the cost of the whole marketing mix. A manager must also try to estimate customer reaction to possible prices.








199. When developing a marketing mix, a marketing manager should remember that:

A. "Promotion" includes only personal selling and publicity.

B. A channel of distribution includes at least one intermediary.

C. "Price" includes markups, discounts, allowances, and geographic terms.

D. "Product" includes physical goods but not services.

A manager must know current practices as to markups, allowances, discounts, and other terms of sale while developing a marketing mix. These practices are part of Price.





200. When Ford Motor Co. introduced its Escape hybrid SUV, it offered a $1,000 rebate as an incentive to attract new buyers. This was an example of which aspect of the marketing mix?

A. Price

B. Promotion

C. Place

D. Product

Current practices such as markups, discounts (including rebates), and other terms of sale are part of Price.








201. The most important variable in a firm's marketing mix is:

A. Product.

B. Price.

C. Promotion.

D. Place.

E. None of these since all contribute to one whole.

All four Ps are needed in a marketing mix. No single variable of the marketing mix is more important than another; they all contribute to one whole. When a marketing mix is being developed, final decisions about the Ps should be made at the same time.





202. An appropriate marketing mix should be determined primarily by

A. what has worked for the company in the past.

B. the needs of a target market.

C. the budget available to spend.

D. the past experiences of the marketing manager.

E. what product the firm can produce with economies of scale.

The needs of a target market often virtually determine the nature of an appropriate marketing mix. Therefore, marketers must analyze their potential target markets with great care.








203. Ideally, a good marketing mix should:

A. be very similar to the marketing mix typically used by key competitors.

B. be determined by which marketing mix costs the least.

C. not include much advertising because it's expensive and usually isn't very effective.

D. flow logically from all the relevant dimensions of a target market.

A good marketing mix should ideally flow logically from all the relevant dimensions of a target market.





204. The text's "Toddler University" example shows that:

A. parents are not price sensitive when it comes to assuring that their kids will get a good college education.



D. in the long run, a firm cannot make a profit without its own production facilities.


In order to serve the ‘the Attentive Parents' target market, the owner of Toddler University came up with an appropriate marketing mix that met this target market's needs. It did so by combining "fit and function with fun and fashion."








205. The text's "Toddler University" example shows that:

A. no mass market exists for general-purpose baby shoes.



D. no target market exists for high-quality baby shoes.


In order to serve the ‘the Attentive Parents' target market, the owner of Toddler University came up with an appropriate marketing mix that met this target market's needs. It did so by combining "fit and function with fun and fashion."





206. The text's Toddler University example shows that TU's marketing plan included:

A. A detailed description of the marketing mix to be offered.

B. A description of the resources required to carry out the plan.

C. Expected results of the plan.

D. Control procedures.

E. All of these.

TU's marketing plan spelled out the following details: (1) what marketing mix will be offered, to whom and for how long; (2) what company resources will be needed at what rate; and (3) what results are expected.




Topic: Developing Marketing Mixes for Target MarketsTopic: The Marketing Plan is a Guide to Implementation and Control




207. The main difference between a "marketing strategy" and a "marketing plan" is that:

A. time-related details are included in a marketing plan.

B. a marketing plan includes several marketing strategies.

C. a marketing strategy provides more detail.

D. a marketing strategy omits pricing plans.

E. a marketing plan does not include a target market.


AACSB: Analytic




208. A "marketing plan" is:

A. a marketing program.

B. a marketing strategy.

C. a marketing strategy-plus the time-related details for carrying it out.

D. a target market and a related marketing mix.

E. a plan that contains the necessary operational decisions.


AACSB: Analytic







209. A "marketing plan":

A. is just another term for "marketing strategy."

B. consists of several "marketing programs."

C. includes the time-related details for carrying out a marketing strategy.

D. is a strategy without all the operational decisions.

E. ignores implementation and control details.


AACSB: Analytic




210. A "marketing plan" should include:

A. some control procedures.

B. what company resources will be needed-and at what rate.

C. what marketing mix is to be offered to whom-and for how long.

D. what sales and profit results are expected.

E. All of these are included in a marketing plan.

An ideal marketing plan should answer the following questions: (1) what marketing mix will be offered, to whom and for how long; (2) what company resources will be needed at what rate; and (3) what results are expected.

AACSB: Analytic







211. Which of the following is part of a complete marketing plan?

A. Competitors' marketing strategies.

B. What company resources (costs) are required and at what rate.

C. How different marketing mixes (for different target markets) relate to each other.

D. All of these are parts of a complete marketing plan.


AACSB: Analytic




212. Which of the following would probably NOT be in a proposed marketing plan?

A. A list of what company resources (costs) would be required.

B. A statement of how frequently the design of the website will be changed.

C. Expected sales and profit results.

D. A description of the target market and marketing mix.

E. All of these would normally be part of a marketing plan.

An ideal marketing plan should answer the following questions: (1) what marketing mix will be offered, to whom and for how long; (2) what company resources will be needed at what rate; and (3) what results are expected. "How frequently the design of the website is changed" does not fall under one of these 3 questions.








213. Which of the following is NOT included in a marketing plan?

A. The control procedures to be used

B. The costs involved

C. The results expected

D. What marketing mix is to be offered

E. All of these should be included in a marketing plan.


AACSB: Analytic




214. _____ refers to putting marketing plans into operation.

A. Delivery

B. Implementation

C. Operational planning

D. Strategy planning

E. Control

Implementation refers to the manager's job of putting marketing plans into operation.

AACSB: Analytic







215. Short-run decisions to help implement strategies are best known as

A. actionable items.

B. strategic decisions.

C. marketing plans.

D. operational decisions.

E. dependencies.

Short-run decisions that help implement strategies are known as operational decisions.

AACSB: Analytic




216. Managers should make operational decisions

A. within the guidelines set down during strategy planning.

B. with great care as these decisions are the same as strategic decisions.

C. for the long-run to help formulate strategic plans.

D. keeping in mind that these decisions should always lead to changes in the basic strategy.

E. on a month-to-month basis and never daily or weekly.

Managers should make operational decisions within the guidelines set down during strategy planning. But operational decisions are short-run decisions to help implement strategies. They do not change the basic strategy. They are made regularly, even daily or weekly.

AACSB: Analytic







217. Which of the following statements about operational decisions is FALSE?

A. They help to carry out a marketing strategy.

B. They are short-run decisions.

C. They are part of the implementation process.

D. They usually require ongoing changes in the basic strategy to be effective.

Operational decisions are short-run decisions that help implement strategies. They are part of the implementation process, but they do not require changes in the basic strategy.

AACSB: Analytic




218. Which of the following statements is a strategy decision, rather than an

operational decision?

A. "We will change the colors of our selection of shirts at the end of the season."

B. "We will cut prices as needed to in order to protect our market share."

C. "We will increase the number of training sessions for new sales associates from two to three."

D. "We will hire a merchandising specialist this month to help remodel our older stores."

E. "We will place a special ad in the Sunday newspaper promoting our upcoming sale."

Operational decisions are short-run decisions that help implement strategies. Strategy decisions are long-term decisions that could contain one or more of the four Ps.

AACSB: Analytic







219. Which of the following statements by a marketing manager refers to operational decisions, rather than strategy decisions?

A. "Our target customers view most existing luxury sedans as dull, and they want performance as well as luxury."

B. "Newspaper ads will be more cost effective than 30 second radio ads-given the price increase for radio this month."

C. "We hope to earn a 15 percent return on investment with our plan."

D. All of these statements refer to operational decisions.


AACSB: Analytic




220. Which of the following is an operational decision-rather than a strategy decision?

A. A decision to seek distribution only through the best retailers

B. Selection of a specific target market

C. A decision to maintain a "one price" policy

D. Selection of a specific cable TV channel on which to advertise

E. All of these are good examples of operational decisions









221. Which of the following is an example of an operational decision?

A. Focus promotion on the economy of the product.

B. Make the product available in every possible retail outlet.

C. Have a salesperson visit the manager of a new hardware store that will open next week.

D. Set a price that is no higher than competitors' prices.

E. None of these is an example of an operational decision.






222. Which of the following would NOT require an operational decision for a leading hair

color manufacturer?

A. Solicit orders from any new, financially attractive, salons.

B. Drop colors that are losing appeal.

C. Create a fresh ad for each Sunday newspaper.

D. Set a competitive price if a primary competitor offers a special discount.

E. Promote the fair price and satisfactory quality of the product.









223. Happy Feet shoe company's strategic policy states "Carry as limited a line of colors, styles, and sizes as will satisfy the target market." This policy best relates to which decision area of the marketing mix?

A. People

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Price

E. Product

"Carry as limited a line of colors, styles, and sizes as will satisfy the target market" is a strategic decision that pertains to the Product variable of the marketing mix.




Level of Difficulty: 3 HardTopic: The Marketing Plan is a Guide to Implementation and Control

224. One of the strategic policies of camera maker, Zoom Cameras, states: "We will

communicate the key benefits and value of our camera's unique zoom lenses and demonstrate how they meet customer needs." This policy best fits which marketing mix decision area?

A. Product

B. Place

C. Promotion

D. Price

E. People

Promoting the benefits and value of the special design and how it meets customer needs is a strategic decision that pertains to the Promotion variable of the marketing mix.




Level of Difficulty: 3 Hard




Topic: The Marketing Plan is a Guide to Implementation and Control

225. A retailer's operational decision to hire new salespeople would best relate to the marketing mix decision area of

A. product.

B. place.

C. promotion.

D. price.

E. people.

Hiring new salespeople is an operational decision that pertains to the Promotion variable of the marketing mix.





226. When fast food restaurant, Tommy's Tacos, had poor sales in Central City,

marketing managers closed one outlet on the east side of town and opened two new locations on the south side of town. These moves represent

A. operational decisions in the product decision area.

B. strategy policies in the place area.

C. strategy policies in the product area.

D. operational decisions in the place area.

E. strategy policies in the promotion area.

In market areas where sales potential is not achieved, adding new retail outlets and/or dropping retailers whose performance is poor are operational decisions that pertain to the Place variable of the marketing mix.




Level of Difficulty: 3 HardTopic: The Marketing Plan is a Guide to Implementation and Control




227. A "marketing program":

A. blends all of a firm's marketing plans into one big plan.

B. is a description of a firm's marketing mix.

C. is a detailed plan of how to implement a strategy.

D. is a marketing strategy plus the time-related details.

E. None of these apply to a marketing program.

A marketing program blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one big plan.

AACSB: Analytic




228. Which of the following blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one big plan?

A. Marketing program.

B. Marketing mix.

C. Marketing statement.

D. Marketing overview.

A marketing program blends all of the firm's marketing plans into one big plan.

AACSB: Analytic







229. ____ is the total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to the company over the life of the relationship.

A. Customer equity

B. Profit

C. Net worth

D. Customer lifetime value

E. A premium price

Many firms recognize this and measure the customer lifetime value or total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to the company over the length of the relationship.





230. The total stream of purchases that a single customer could contribute to a

company over the length of the relationship is called customer ____.

A. equity

B. lifetime value

C. service

D. satisfaction

E. feedback

Over a period of years, a single customer is likely to purchase multiple products from a company. The total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to the company over the length of the relationship is called customer lifetime value.








231. Estimating a customer's lifetime purchasing potential is important because it helps marketers to:

A. make a quick sale on a product.

B. decide whether to place ads online or in magazines.

C. recognize that mass marketing is the best way to reach customers.

D. select the right channel of distribution.

E. devise long-range plans and strategies for building customer relationships.

Calculating a customer's long-range purchasing potential can help marketers recognize the importance of devising plans that build and maintain customer relationships over a lifetime.





232. When a customer who buys two Apple iPhones, an Apple iMac computer, and

Apple TV over a period of several years, Apple's marketing managers should be thinking about:

A. diversification.

B. mass marketing.

C. differentiation.

D. customer lifetime value.

E. customer feedback loops.

Over a period of years, a single customer is likely to purchase multiple products from a company. The total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to the company over the length of the relationship is called customer lifetime value.




Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy





233. Customer lifetime value

A. emphasizes a short-run approach to marketing management.

B. is basically a historical measure of how profitable a firm has been in the past.

C. applies to firms that target final consumers but not to firms that target business customers.

D. will increase if a firm increases its market share with a particular strategy.

E. considers what a customer purchases from a company over the lifetime of the relationship.

Many firms recognize this and measure the customer lifetime value or total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to the company over the length of the relationship.





234. When the manager of a Denny's Restaurant offers a customer a coupon for a free

meal as compensation for slow service, the manager is focusing on:

A. differentiation.


C. short-term profits.

D. a diversification strategy.

E. customer lifetime value.

Many firms recognize this and measure the customer lifetime value or total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to the company over the length of the relationship. In this situation, the restaurant manager is willing to lose money on a future meal to encourage return visits.








235. ______ is the expected earnings stream of a firm's current and prospective

customers over some period of time.

A. Profit

B. Earnings

C. Operating profit

D. Customer equity

E. Net value

Customer equity is the expected earnings stream (profitability) of a firm's current and prospective customers over some period of time.





236. The difference between customer lifetime value and customer equity is:

A. customer equity takes a financial approach where customer lifetime value does not.

B. customer lifetime value looks at specific target markets.

C. customer equity takes into account a firm's current and future customers and the costs associated with each.

D. customer equity reflects the total stream of purchases that a customer could contribute to a company over the length of the relationship.

E. customer lifetime value focuses on purchases over the next year, while customer equity takes into account a longer time horizon.

We can take the idea of customer lifetime value a step further by taking into account all of a firm's current and future customers and the costs associated with each. Customer equity is the expected earnings stream (profitability) of a firm's current and prospective customers over some period of time.




Level of Difficulty: 3 HardTopic: Recognizing Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Equity




237. Which of the following is NOT a reason the marketing program should build customer equity?

A. Marketing strategies do not contribute to customer equity.

B. Expected profits depend on customer equity.

C. Firms expect financial returns.

D. Profit growth comes from customers.

E. Customers are the source of revenue.

Customer equity is the expected earnings stream of a firm's current and prospective customers over some period of time. Top management expects marketing strategy planners to help identify opportunities that will lead to an increase in a firm's customer equity.





238. Which of the following is most likely to increase a firm's customer equity?

A. The firm offers a more costly marketing mix that attracts more customers.

B. The firm offers customer value that is at least as good as what competitors offer.

C. The lifetime value of the firm's individual customers increases.

D. The competition in the firm's market increases.

E. The firm cuts costs by reducing promotion efforts.

A focus on customer equity allows a firm's marketing strategies for each of its products to work together to increase the lifetime value of that customer to the firm.




Level of Difficulty: 3 HardTopic: Recognizing Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Equity




239. The customer equity concept

A. encourages a manager to consider both the costs and the revenue from a marketing strategy.

B. recognizes that customers are satisfied at a cost-and it is basically an estimate of a firm's future earnings.

C. applies even to firms that pursue several different strategies.

D. focuses on earnings as well as sales.

E. All of these are part of the customer equity concept.

Customer equity is the expected earnings stream of a firm's current and prospective customers over some period of time. Top management expects marketing strategy planners to help identify opportunities that will lead to an increase in a firm's customer equity.





240. Which of the following statements about customer equity is FALSE?

A. Expected losses depend on customer equity.

B. If the parts of a firm's marketing program work well together, it should increase the firm's customer equity.

C. Expected profits depend on customer equity.

D. Customer equity benefits customers but not the company.

E. None of these statements about customer equity is FALSE.

Customer equity does benefit the company because it increases the lifetime value of the customer to the firm.








241. Marketing strategies that focus on quick short-term sales:

A. miss an opportunity to ensure repeat purchases in the future.

B. do not generate revenue or profits.

C. never involve personal selling.

D. are known as breakthrough opportunities.

E. are never used by reputable companies.

While short-term sales approaches are common and can boost revenue immediately, marketing strategies that seek only a quick sale squander the opportunity to ensure repeat purchases in the future.





242. The text's discussion of Ford's marketing strategy highlights the fact that:

A. it's not wise for managers just to define a business in terms of the products they currently produce or sell.


C. most consumers see basic products-like cars-as close substitutes for each other.

D. once a firm establishes a position as the market leader, competitors are not likely to be a big problem.

Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile industry by building the assembly line. His approach highlighted the fact that defining a business in terms of the products they produce or sell is unwise. More recently, Ford is in a continuous process of innovation and redesign.




Level of Difficulty: 3 HardTopic: The Importance of Marketing Strategy Planning




243. The text's discussion of Ford's marketing strategy highlights the fact that:

A. creative strategy planning is needed for survival.


C. most consumers want only established products.

D. once a firm reaches a position as the market leader, competitors are not likely to be a big problem.

Ford implemented a creative marketing strategy by building the first assembly line production facility. It continues to reinvent itself and its products today.





244. It's best to think of "breakthrough opportunities" as opportunities which:

A. appeal to the mass market.

B. will quickly create a whole new industry of firms competing with similar marketing mixes.

C. help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing mixes.

D. increase sales.


Breakthrough opportunities help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time.

AACSB: Analytic







245. _____ help(s) innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time.

A. Opportunity segments

B. Competitive decisions

C. Breakthrough opportunities

D. Competitive marketing

E. Operational decisions


AACSB: Analytic




246. Which of the following best illustrates a "breakthrough opportunity?"

A. A recording company's new CD gets unexpected national publicity on MTV and almost every teenager wants a copy for Christmas.

B. A drug company develops a patented pill that people can take once a year and safely avoid catching a cold.

C. A bank puts its credit card machines in convenient drive-up locations-so they will be more convenient for customers.

D. A nurse realizes that the growing number of older people will increase the demand for nursing home services, so she quits her job and opens a quality nursing center for the elderly.

E. A wireless phone company introduces a new service that offers more free weekend minutes than any other service in its market area.









247. Which of the following would be likely to help you develop a "breakthrough opportunity?"

A. A two-month advantage over competitors in introducing a new product.

B. An idea for a new website animation that will attract consumer attention.

C. Accurate marketing research information about how much of a planned product the target market is likely to buy.

D. None of these would help you develop a breakthrough opportunity.

Breakthrough opportunities help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time. None of these alternatives is significant enough to qualify as a breakthrough opportunity.





248. Which of the following could be a "breakthrough opportunity?"

A. A unique technical invention that competitors could not legally copy.

B. A contract with the best intermediaries to reach your market-ensuring that they will handle your product and no competitors' offerings.

C. A head start in a market so you can win target customers who will be loyal to your firm and its offering.

D. All of these could be breakthrough opportunities.

Breakthrough opportunities help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time. All of the alternatives above are significant enough to quality as breakthrough opportunities.








249. A pharmaceutical company spent a significant amount of money developing a new drug to combat high blood pressure. The drug did not cause any of the typical side effects usually associated with blood pressure medications. It was forecasted to be a "blockbuster" medication that would achieve over $1 billion in sales. It would also be difficult for other firms to duplicate, at least in the short-run, because of patent protection and the substantial research and development costs required. The introduction of this new drug would best be described as:

A. Diversification


C. A breakthrough opportunity

D. "Hit-or-miss" marketing







250. ______ means that a firm has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better than a competitor's mix.

A. Competitive advantage

B. Strategic policy

C. Customer equity

D. Comparative opportunity

E. Market development

Competitive advantage means that a firm has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better than a competitor's mix. It may result from efforts in different areas of the firm, such as cost cutting in production, innovative research and development, etc.



Learning Objective: 02-07 Be familiar with the text's framework for marketing strategy planning.




Level of Difficulty: 1 EasyTopic: What are Attractive Opportunities?

251. "Breakthrough opportunities" are opportunities that:

A. help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies.

B. may be turned into marketing strategies that will be profitable for a long time.

C. help the firm develop a "competitive advantage."

D. help a firm satisfy customers better than some competitor.


Breakthrough opportunities help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time. Even if a manager can't find a breakthrough opportunity, the firm should try to obtain a competitive advantage to increase its chances for profit or survival.

AACSB: Analytic




252. Breakthrough opportunities:

A. are so rare that they should be pursued even when they do not match the firm's resources and objectives.

B. seldom occur within or close to a firm's present markets.

C. are especially important in our increasingly competitive markets.

D. are those that a firm's competitors can copy quickly.

E. are best achieved by trying to hold onto a firm's current market share.

Breakthrough opportunities help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time. Even if a manager can't find a breakthrough opportunity, the firm should try to obtain a competitive advantage to increase its chances for profit or survival.

AACSB: Analytic







253. Which of the following statements regarding marketing strategies is FALSE?

A. It is useful to think of the marketing strategy planning process as a narrowing-down process.

B. These strategies must meet the needs of target customers, and a firm is likely to get a competitive advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as some other firm.

C. Developing successful marketing strategies doesn't need to be a hit-or-miss proposition.

D. These strategies require decisions about the specific customers the firm will target and the marketing mix the firm will develop to appeal to that target market.

E. Most companies implement more than one marketing strategy and related marketing plan at the same time.

An advantage only succeeds if it allows the firm to provide superior value and satisfy customers better than some competitor.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: UnderstandLearning Objective: 02-07 Be familiar with the text's framework for marketing strategy planning.

Level of Difficulty: 2 MediumTopic: Marketing Strategy Planning Process Highlights Opportunities

254. Developing a set of specific qualitative and quantitative screening criteria

A. increases the different opportunities-and strategy possibilities-in the market.

B. can make it difficult to zero in on the best target market and marketing mix.

C. cannot help eliminate potential strategies that are not well suited for the firm.

D. can help a manager define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete.

E. highlights advantages of a strategy but does not make it clear why you should select that strategy.

Developing a set of specific qualitative and quantitative screening criteria can help a manager define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete.

AACSB: Analytic







255. A S.W.O.T. analysis includes:

A. strengths.

B. weaknesses.

C. opportunities.

D. threats.

E. All of these are included in a S.W.O.T analysis.

A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

AACSB: Analytic




256. Which of the following statements about S.W.O.T. analysis is true?

A. It is a useful aid for identifying relevant screening criteria and for zeroing in on a feasible strategy.

B. S.W.O.T. is simply an abbreviation for the first letters of the words: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

C. It identifies and lists the firm's strengths and weaknesses and its opportunities and threats.

D. It helps managers focus on a strategy that takes advantage of the firm's strengths and opportunities while avoiding its weaknesses and threats to its success.

E. All of these statements about S.W.O.T. analysis are true.

A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. All these statements about S.W.O.T analysis are true.

AACSB: Analytic







257. A S.W.O.T. analysis

A. seeks to improve strategy planning by "Scanning for Warnings, Omens, and Tips" about competitors' plans.

B. is not necessary if competitors have already entered the market.

C. defends against potential competitive threats by planning specific "safeguards, weapons, or tactics."

D. should help a manager develop a strategy that leads to a competitive advantage.

E. None of these apply to a S.W.O.T. analysis.

With a S.W.O.T. analysis, a marketing manager can begin to identify strategies that take advantage of the firm's strengths and opportunities while avoiding weaknesses and threats. This should provide a competitive advantage.

AACSB: Analytic




258. A S.W.O.T. analysis can help a marketing manager:

A. define in which business and markets the firm wants to compete.

B. narrow down to a specific target market and marketing mix from the many alternatives available.

C. see the pros and cons of different possible strategies.

D. develop a competitive advantage.

E. All of these can help a marketing manager who is using a S.W.O.T. analysis.

With a S.W.O.T. analysis, a marketing manager can begin to identify strategies that take advantage of the firm's strengths and opportunities while avoiding weaknesses and threats.








259. A S.W.O.T. analysis

A. focuses on what a firm plans to do to "Satisfy Wishes of a Target" customer.

B. summarizes a firm's "strategy, wishes (of its customers), outlook, and tactics."

C. helps defend against potential competitors by developing a set of competitive "safeguards, weapons, offensives, and tactics."

D. identifies a firm's "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats."

E. seeks to reduce the risk of competitive surprises by scanning the market for "signals, warnings, omens, and tips."

A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

AACSB: Analytic




260. In which quadrant of the S.W.O.T analysis tool does the following fit? A firm has adequate resources.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats

A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Having adequate resources is a strength any firm would like to have.








261. In which quadrant of the S.W.O.T. analysis tool does the following fit? A firm is in a fast-growing industry.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats

A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Being in a fast-growing industry is an opportunity on which a firm should try to capitalize.





262. In which quadrant of the S.W.O.T. analysis tool does the following fit? A firm is vulnerable to recession.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats

A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Recessionary conditions pose a threat to nearly every firm.








263. In which element of the S.W.O.T. analysis tool does the following fit? A firm is falling behind in research and development.

A. Strengths

B. Weaknesses

C. Opportunities

D. Threats

A S.W.O.T. analysis identifies and lists the firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Firms must quickly remedy the situation of lagging behind in one or more departments, which is a potential weakness.





264. _______ means that the marketing mix is distinct from what is available from a competitor.

A. Operational

B. Visible

C. Differentiation

D. Competitive

E. None of these is correct

Differentiation means that the marketing mix is distinct from and better than what is available from a competitor.

AACSB: Analytic







265. Differentiation of a firm's marketing mix:

A. Means the firm's marketing mix is hard to distinguish from a competitor.

B. May provide the firm with a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

C. Makes it harder for consumers to notice if there is a consistent theme across all elements of the marketing mix.

D. Is usually not necessary in order for the firm to succeed.

A marketing mix won't get a competitive advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as some other firm. Combining analyses of customers, competitors, and company help the marketing manager identify possible strategies that differentiate a marketing mix from the competition.

AACSB: Analytic




266. Differentiation refers to the ______________ of the firm's marketing mix to meet the needs of the target market.

A. similarity

B. uniqueness

C. unsuitability

D. willingness

Differentiation means that the marketing mix is distinct from and better than what is available from a competitor. This means its marketing mix is unique.

AACSB: Analytic







267. Differentiation

A. helps a firm get a competitive advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as other firms.

B. means that the marketing mix is similar to what is available from a competitor.

C. often requires that the firm fine-tune all of the elements of its marketing mix to the specific needs of a distinctive target market.

D. is less obvious to target customers when there is a consistent theme integrated across the four Ps decision areas.

E. can only be based on one important element of the marketing mix.

Differentiation often requires that the firm fine-tune all of the elements of its marketing mix to the specific needs of a distinctive target market.

AACSB: Analytic




268. ______________ means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets.


B. Market penetration


D. Mass marketing

E. Diversification

Market penetration means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present markets; usually through an aggressive marketing mix.








269. iRobot got its start by developing high-tech robots for military uses, but the company later started making futuristic robots that clean and wax floors in homes everywhere. Which of the four types of opportunity does this illustrate?



C. Diversification

D. Opportunity cost

E. Golden opportunity

Since iRobot has started manufacturing new products for non-military uses and markets, the company is pursuing a product diversification opportunity-the type of opportunity in which businesses create new products for new markets different from the firm's current base.





270. Of the four types of opportunities firms can pursue, market penetration often

appeals to marketers because:

A. it requires the creation of new products.

B. it involves selling current products in familiar markets.

C. it involves selling current products in unfamiliar markets.

D. it doesn't require a more effective use of the marketing mix.

E. it is guaranteed to succeed.

Since firms prefer opportunities close to markets they already know, most managers pursue greater market penetration, which involves selling current products in familiar markets. Market penetration is appealing because firms want to increase profits and grow customer equity where they already have experience and strengths.



Learning Objective: 02-08 Know four broad types of marketing opportunities that help in identifying new




strategies.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium

Topic: Types of Opportunities to Pursue

271. Which of the following firms is exploring a market development opportunity?

A. The Coleman camping gear company boosts sales of popular lanterns by setting up promotional displays at well-attended outdoor events.

B. Campbell's targets health-conscious consumers with a new line of low-sodium soups.

C. McDonald's opens two upscale hotels in Switzerland to serve families and business travelers.

D. The E-Z-Go golf cart company begins selling golf carts for use in malls, factories, and airports.

E. Mammoth Mountain Ski Resort offers horseback riding and a mountain bike park for summer visitors.

A market development opportunity involves trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets. The E-Z-Go golf cart company's push to sell golf carts for new non-golf settings is an example of market development.




Level of Difficulty: 2 MediumTopic: Types of Opportunities to Pursue

272. _____ means trying to increase sales of a firm's present products in its present

markets.

A. Differentiation



D. Diversification










273. When Colgate encourages its current customers to brush more often by taking

their toothbrush and toothpaste to work with them, which market opportunity is Colgate pursuing?



C. Diversification







274. Lipton has increased sales by developing ads that encourage its current customers

to drink Lipton tea instead of coffee at morning "coffee breaks." This effort focuses on

A. diversification.



D. mass marketing.










275. Tropicana is trying to get its customers to drink orange juice more often with ads that say, "It's not just for breakfast anymore." What type of opportunity is the company pursuing?


B. Diversification



E. Mass marketing






276. Kraft Foods recently increased its advertising and couponing to its present cheese

customers. It appears that Kraft is pursuing what kind of opportunity?




D. Mass marketing

E. Diversification









277. If Frito-Lay (which has products in almost all the submarkets for snack foods) were to try to increase its share of one of these markets, it would be pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. diversification



D. mass marketing







278. Coca-Cola runs an advertising campaign on morning radio shows encouraging

current customers to "have a Coke in the morning" instead of their morning coffee. This is an example of:



C. diversification.


E. mass marketing.









279. Pop Soda Co. wants to increase sales of its existing carbonated drinks by making them more convenient, so it's making the drinks available at more stores in its present areas. This is an example of:


B. differentiation.


D. diversification.







280. When a customer goes online to register Adobe's Acrobat Reader, the Web page

promotes other related products, including its popular Photoshop software. This is an example of:


B. screening opportunities.

C. mass marketing.

D. differentiation.










281. _____ means trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets.

A. Differentiation



D. Diversification


Market development means trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets. This may involve searching for new uses for a product, advertising in different media to reach new target customers, or adding channels of distribution or new stores in new areas, including overseas.





282. When a firm tries to increase sales by selling its present products in new markets,

this is called:


B. diversification.


D. mass marketing.










283. When a company expands globally, this is an example of:



C. diversification.


E. mass marketing.


AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: ApplyLearning Objective: 02-08 Know four broad types of marketing opportunities that help in identifying new

strategies.Level of Difficulty: 1 Easy


284. When AT&T advertises in THE WALL STREET JOURNAL that smartphones using its technology can make calls from more than 200 countries in the world, which market opportunity is AT&T pursuing?



C. Diversification










285. The Wall Street Journal has been trying to attract new customers by promoting its newspaper for student use in business courses. This is an example of


B. diversification.








286. An Embassy Suites hotel offers an inexpensive "Family Luncheon Buffet" on

Sundays to get customers for its restaurant that is filled by business travelers during weekdays. This effort to get new customers for the available facility is an example of

A. a production orientation.



D. diversification.










287. Coca-Cola is taking advantage of the new willingness of Chinese leaders to engage

in international trade by marketing its soft drinks in China. What type of opportunity is Coke pursuing?


B. Diversification








288. Avon, which in the past relied on door-to-door personal selling, is trying to reach

new customers by distributing mail-order catalogs, adding toll-free telephone ordering, and opening online retail sites. Avon is pursuing a ______________ opportunity.



C. target marketing


E. mass marketing




Learning Objective: 02-08 Know four broad types of marketing opportunities that help in identifying new




strategies.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium


289. A mail-order marketer of flower bulbs to gardening hobbyists decides to sell the bulbs in grocery stores-to reach nonhobbyists who might be interested in pretty flowers. This is an example of:


B. diversification.








290. GreatGadgets, an Internet-based marketer of innovative gift items, decides to sell

products in its own retail stores-to reach consumers who don't like to buy without first seeing the item in person. This is an example of:


B. diversification.











291. An Australian wine producer, facing declining sales at home, set up a new channel

of distribution to sell wine in the United States. This seems to be an effort at


B. diversification.








292. E-Z-Go, a producer of golf carts, promotes its carts to other users by advertising

them as an easy and quiet way for workers to get around malls, airports, and big factories. E-Z-Go is trying to increase its sales through


B. differentiation.



E. diversification.









293. BeQuick, a fast-food restaurant, has always operated outlets in malls. With a new

strategy that involves opening new outlets that sell the same menu but operate in airports, zoos, casinos, and military bases, BeQuick is pursuing what type of opportunity?



C. Differentiation


E. Diversification









294. In an effort to increase its total sales, Champion has started exporting its spark plugs for use by several German auto producers. Champion is pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. diversification



D. mass marketing







295. ____ refers to offering new or improved products for present markets.

A. Diversification


C. Differentiation


E. Product development

Product development means offering new or improved products for present markets. Knowing the present market's needs, a firm may see new ways to satisfy customers.








296. When a firm tries to increase sales by offering new or improved products to its present markets, this is called:

A. mass marketing.



D. diversification.







297. If Wendy's decides to test market a hot dog in several stores to determine if it can

make more profit from this menu item than from a "Wendy's single," which market opportunity is Wendy's pursuing?

A. Diversification












298. To compete more successfully with its many competitors offering packaged cookies, Famous Amos added its own line of "extra chunky" premium cookies. This seems to be an effort at:

A. combination.




E. diversification.






299. A producer of frozen pasta dinners finds that its current target customers select

among its frozen pasta dinners, going to a pizza restaurant, or staying home and eating an Italian sub sandwich. So the company set up a chain of pizza restaurants that also serve Italian sub sandwiches. This seems to be an effort at:


B. diversification.











300. Wendy's continues to test possible new toppings for hamburgers, including grilled mushrooms and provolone cheese. This suggests that Wendy's is pursuing _____________.

A. marketing myopia

B. mass marketing



E. diversification






301. Wendy's continues to come out with new offerings like stuffed pitas. This suggests

that Wendy's is pursuing _____________.

A. marketing myopia

B. mass marketing



E. diversification









302. Converse started selling its "high-top" canvas basketball shoes in colors such as hot pink, lime green, and purple, to accompany their traditional colors of black and white. Converse seems to be pursuing a _____________ opportunity.




D. diversification

E. breakthrough






303. Heinz, in order to boost its sales, came up with ketchup in gross green and funky

purple colors. It packaged the ketchup in EZ Squirt dispensers molded to fit little hands. This is an example of:



C. Diversification










304. In developing trails for hiking and biking to bring its winter ski customers back in the summer, Mountain High Ski Resort is pursuing what type of opportunity?

A. Channel penetration

B. Diversification









305. Zippo is pursuing _____ opportunities with its Multi-Purpose Lighter that is designed

to light candles, fireplaces, grills, and more.




D. diversification

E. channeling









306. Hewlett-Packard decided that too many other companies were attracting its customers by advertising their computer printers as "having all of the features of Hewlett-Packard's LaserJet." So Hewlett-Packard designed a new color printer with a completely new set of features that no competitors' equipment offered. Hewlett-Packard then introduced it to the same market with the hope that it could develop a larger and more profitable share. This was an effort at:


B. diversification.








307. To improve its profits, Delta Tool Corp. has redesigned its entire line of

rechargeable power drills-adding several new or improved features and three new models. Apparently, Delta Tool is pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. combiner



D. diversification

E. market penetration









308. Professional Dental Supply has been successfully selling dental instruments to

dentists for the past twenty years, and has developed strong customer relations. When looking for new marketing opportunities, Professional Dental Supply will most likely look first at


B. diversification.



E. Professional Dental Supply will look at all opportunities equally.






309. ______ means moving into totally different lines of business, perhaps entirely

unfamiliar products, markets, or even levels in the production-marketing system.

A. Diversification



D. Differentiation


Diversification means moving into totally different lines of business, perhaps entirely unfamiliar products, markets, or even levels in the production-marketing system.








310. When a firm tries to increase its total sales by offering new products to new

markets, it's pursuing:

A. diversification.




E. All of these.






311. When Sony Corp., an electronics producer, purchased the Pebble Beach golf

course in California, it was pursuing what type of opportunity?

A. Diversification












312. Cheese manufacturer, Ashe Mountain Corp., started a new chain of movie theaters

called Ashe Mountain's Movie World. The theaters have been a major success and significantly increased the revenues of Ashe Mountain Corp. This is an example of:

A. Diversification


C. Product penetration

D. Differentiation







313. A beer distributor, concerned about increasing regulation of alcoholic beverages,

decides to start a new business distributing children's toys. This company seems to be pursuing


B. diversification.











314. Industrial Plastics Corporation has decided to manufacture and sell electric motors for fishing boats. The firm appears to be pursuing a ______________ opportunity.

A. combiner



D. market penetration

E. diversification






315. A producer of home burglar alarm devices decides to start manufacturing portable

video cameras for use in industrial security situations. This is an example of


B. diversification.











316. If a cola producer bought out a Mango juice producer in an attempt to appeal to health-conscious consumers who do not drink soft drinks, it would be pursuing a ______________ opportunity.


B. diversification

C. market penetration







317. The most risky and challenging opportunities usually involve:



C. diversification.


E. All of these are similar in terms of risk.

Diversification means moving into totally different lines of business, perhaps entirely unfamiliar products, markets, or even levels in the production-marketing system. Products and customers that are very different from a firm's current base may look attractive but are usually hard to evaluate. That's why diversification usually involves the biggest risk.








318. The most risky types of marketing opportunity to pursue usually involve



C. diversification.


E. All of these are equally risky.

Diversification means moving into totally different lines of business, perhaps entirely unfamiliar products, markets, or even levels in the production-marketing system. Products and customers that are very different from a firm's current base may look attractive but are usually hard to evaluate making diversification very risky.





319. Because companies are likely to be most familiar with their own operations,

____________ opportunities are usually the easiest to pursue.




D. diversification

E. All of these are equally easy.

Usually firms find attractive opportunities fairly close to markets they already know making market penetration very attractive.

AACSB: Analytic







320. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding international opportunities in marketing?

A. There is no need to consider international opportunities when the domestic market is prosperous.

B. International trade is decreasing worldwide.

C. A product with slow sales growth in a domestic market may experience faster growth in another country.

D. Only large firms can engage in international marketing.

E. All of these statements about international opportunities in marketing are True.

A company (of any size) facing tough competition, thin profit margins, and slow sales growth at home may get a fresh start in another country where demand for its product is just beginning to grow. International trade is increasing worldwide.

AACSB: Analytic




321. All of the following are reasons why international opportunities should be

considered by managers, EXCEPT

A. the world is getting smaller.

B. serving international markets may improve economies of scale.

C. favorable trends at home and unfavorable trends in other countries make international marketing particularly attractive.

D. around the world, potential customers have needs and money to spend.

E. it helps to develop a competitive advantage at home and abroad.

Unfavorable trends in the market environment at home or favorable trends in other countries may make international marketing particularly attractive.

AACSB: Analytic


Blooms: UnderstandLearning Objective: 02-09 Understand why strategies for opportunities in international markets should be

considered.Level of Difficulty: 2 Medium

Topic: International Opportunities should be Considered




322. Going global has become easier than ever for marketers due to:

A. language differences between nations.

B. cultural differences among ethnic groups around the world.

C. advances in e-commerce, transportation, and communication.

D. political and social unrest in various parts of the world.

E. worldwide economic recession.

Advances in e-commerce, transportation, and communications are making it easier and cheaper to reach international customers. With a website and e-mail, even the smallest firm can provide international customers with a great deal of information-and easy ways to order-at very little expense.







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