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ILLESDEN


ILLESDEN

pØ”wAvnA

ÎI ”vAimnArAyN m>ifr (ivœ”dn) gujrAwI XALAnI ”WApnA [. s. 1977mA> krvAmA> aAvI hwI. XALAmA> BA[-bhenAe iXxkAe wrIke ivnA mUœye sevA aApe Ce. ivFAW¶aAene nAetbuk, pen, pATypu”wk vgere jZrI v”wuaAe ivnA mUœye aApvAmA> aAve Ce. ivFAW¶aAe pAseWI kAe[pN #wnI PI levAmA> aAvwI nWI. G.C.S.E.nI prIxAnI PI pN ivFAW¶aAe pAseWI levAmA> aAvwI nWI. [. s. 1995mA> m>ifrnI XALAne G.C.S.E.nA Examination Centre mAte mA…ywA mLI hwI. ∆yArWI gujrAwI G.C.S.E nI prIxA aApNI gujrAwI XALAmA> levAmA> aAve Ce. XZaAwmA> XALAnA pATypu”wk BArwWI m>gAvvAmA> aAvwA>. pr>wu smy jwA> nvI peDInA bALkAene we pATypu”wkAe anukUL n pdwA> iXxN kimitae {. s. 1995 mA> aApNA pAewAnA pATypu”wk wEyAr krvAnu> nÛI kyuu©.

iXxkAe ane ivFAW§aAenI sihyArI mhenw bAf sAw pu”wkAenA setnI phelI aAv´iQnu> ivmAecn [.s.1997mA> ÎI nrnArAyNfev gAfInA aAcAy® ÎI weje…<pØsAf~ mhArAjnA vrf™ h”we krvAmA> aA–yu> hwu>

pATypu”wkAemA> G.C.S.E.nA pØÓp^AenAe ]pyAeg Oxford & Cambridge Examination Board nI leiKw prvAngIWI krvAmA> aA–yAe Ce.

amArI aAXA Ce ke aA pATypu”wkAe aApNA bALkAene gujrAwI BASA wemj FA•mk YAn meLvvAmA> ]pyAegI WXe. Published by: Shree Swaminarayan Temple (Willesden) 220-222 Willesden Lane, London. NW2 5RG Third Edition Copyright © 2001 - 2008 sv® hÛ pØkAXkne ”vAiFn. aA pu”wkAe ]prAekw ”WLeWI pdwr ikmwe mLI Xke Ce. mAte nEiwk mUœyAe #LvvA aA pu”wkAenI PAetAekAepI krXAe nh¢. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature. Warning: Any unauthorised breach of copyright work may result in both civil and criminal proceedings.

Student’s Name: ______________________________________ Teacher’s Name: ______________________________________


ILLESDEN

1

Ë ÎI”vAimnArAyN m>ifr (ivœsdn) gujrAwI XALA Ë FAerN:3

September bI# FAerNnu> punrAvw®n: –yAkrN- hkArA∆mk-nkArA∆mk vAkyAe wWA ivrAeFI XÀfAe (pA. n>. 3). bAelvAmA> pdwI BUlAe (pA. n>. 4) }>t khe (kivwA) (pA. n>. 5) #edNI (pA. n>. 6) ÎuwleKn- XÀfAe lKAvvA. October s>p ∆yA> j>p (pA. n>. 7) ivXeSN ane iÒyA ivXeSN (pA. n>. 8 - 10) vAwcIwmA> Xu BASAnAe vprAX (pA. n>. 11 - 12) s>pmA> suK (pA. n>. 13) mhA∆mA gA>FI~ (pA. n>. 14 - 15) November wmArI XALA (pA.n>. 16) : bFA mu˘AaAene »yAnmA> rAKI aek inb>F GrkAmmA> lKvA aApvAe ane bI# aTvAdIae aA ivSy ]pr bAelAvvu>. ivrAm ic…hAe ane srKAmNI (pA. n>. 17) smAnAW§ XÀfAe (pA. n>. 18) ifvALI (pA. n>>. 19 - 20) December p^ leKn (pA. n>. 21 - 26) G.C.S.E. 2005nu> Foundation Writing Paper. wme, wmAru> kutu>b ane wmArA im^Ae (pA. n> 27) : bFA mu˘AaAene »yAnmA> rAKI aek inb>F GrkAmmA> lKvA aApvAe ane bI# aTvAdIae aA ivSy ]pr bAelAvvu>. prIxAnA pirNAm bAf bALkAenA vAlIne mLI bALkAenI pØgiwWI mAihwgAr krvA.


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2

January prIxAmA> pdelI BUlAe ]pr »yAn fAervu> BgvAn ÎI rAm (pA. n>. 28 - 29) ÂFmA> sAkr (pA. n>. 30 - 31) ÎI Bgvf™ gIwA (pA. n> 32) G.C.S.E. 2005nu> Foundation Reading Paper February biLyAe BIm (pA. n>. 33 - 35) lAFIbA[ ane mAwA~ (pA. n>. 36 - 37)

ah¢nA wWA BArwnA hvAmAnnI srKAmNI (pA. n>. 38 - 40) lplipyAe kAcbAe (pA. n>. 41 - 42) March GrnAe FNI (pA n>. 43 - 45) sAcI hj (pA. n>.46 - 47) XÀfAenI BUlBUlAmNI (pA. n>. 48 - 49) vA£Sk kele…dr (pA. n>. 50 - 51) April aApNA whevArAe (pA. n>. 52 - 53) BgvAn ÎI ”vAimnArAyN (pA. n>. 54 - 55) k√C ane k√CnA vwnIaAe (pA. n>. 56 - 57) G.C.S.E. 2005nu> Foundation Listening Paper May jg~vnnAe yY (pA. n>. 58 - 59) aApNA whevArAe (pA. n>. 60) : bFA mu˘AaAene »yAnmA> rAKI aek inb>F GrkAmmA> lKvA aApvAe ane bI# aTvAdIae aA ivSy ]pr bAelAvvu>. sAe ]prnI s>¿yA XÀfAemA> lKwA> ane bAelwA> XIKvvA. June XAkAhArI ke mA>sAhArI (pA. n>. 61 - 62) vFAre vAwcIw – bnelA ane kAœpink bnAvAe, XAeK ane pØv´iw, KrIfI, vAwAvrN, FA£mk YAn, whevArAe vgere. G.C.S.E. nA 2005 ane 2006nA Foundation Reading, Writing ane Listening Papers nI pØektIs


ILLESDEN

3

hkArA∆mk - nkArA∆mk ane ivrAeFI XÀfAe

mne m>ifrmA> aAvvu> gme Ce. mne m>ifrmA> aAvvu> gmwu> nWI. sAmA…y rIwe vAkyAe be pØkArnA hAey Ce 1, hkArA∆mk ane 2, nkArA∆mk nAm ]prWI j aApNne ¿yAl aAvI #y ke aA be pØkArnA vAøyAemA> Xu> Prk Ce. aekmA> kA>[k krvAnI ‘ hA’ hAey wAe bI#mA> ‘nA’ hAey Ce. fA.w. 1. mArA ipwA~ae mne bhAr jvAnI r# aApI. (hkArA∆mk ) 2. mArA ipwA~ae mne bhAr jvAnI r# n aApI. (nkArA∆mk ) ]prnu> bIŸ> vAky #e aApNe aA pØmANe lKIae ke: mArA ipwA~ae mne a>fr rhevAnu> kHAu>. aA vAøy hkArA∆mk Ce wAe pN ae vAkynAe aW® lgBg srKAe j WAy Ce. aAvI rIwe je be XÀfAenA aW® aekbI#WI ]ltA WAy wevA XÀfAene ivrAeFI XÀfAe khevAy Ce. ivrAeFI XÀfAenA> WAedA>k ]fAhrN nIce aApel Ce. aA XÀfAe yAf rAKAe ane ]pyAeg krwA> XIKAe. Biv“ymA> ]pyAegI WXe.

pØkAX º a>FkAr aALsu º mhenwu lAyk º nAlAyk

sgvd º agvd ifvs º rAw suK º ‹:K

fyALu º inf®y grIb º wv>gr Kz> º KAe›>

s>p º ◊s>p kdvu> º mIfi> ivjy º prAjy

im^ º X u phelu> º Ceœlu> ~vn º mrN

sAz> º KrAb ]pr º nIce pAp º pu≈y

T>dI º grmI ”vfeX º prfeX aAkAX º pAwAL

sPef º kALu> sug>F º ‹g©F a>fr º bhAr

aAXA º inrAXA kAyr º XUrvIr kAemL º kTAer

…yAy º a…yAy

aAvk º #vk

#her º KAngI


ILLESDEN

4

bAelvA ane lKvAmA> pdwI sAmA…y BUlAe aApNe Ger je BASA bAelIae CIae we Xu gujrAwI nWI. sAmA…y rIwe gujrAwImA> XÀfAenI #edNI aApNe XÀfAe jem bAelIae aem j lKAy Ce. aetle bAelvAmA> pdwI BUlAe lKvAmA> pN pde Ce. aApNe Xu> bAelIae CIae ane kevI rIwe bAelIae CIae wenA ]pr KAs »yAn rAKvu>. Xu˚ bAelIae wAe Xu˚ lKAy. vFAre pdwI BUlAenA WAedAk fAKlA nIce aApelA Ce. dAbI bAjunA kAeTAmA> gervprAX Ce, ane jmNI bAjunA kAeTAmA> sAcAe vprAX Ce. aA vprAX hmeXA> »yAnmA> rAKvAe. wIyA>, w¢yA> kne ∆yA> [yA>, aA>[ kne ah¢ kne pAse Kpe,kpe #e[ae w>[ ∆yAre nI nh¢ BegAe sAWe hge Xke b], bAE bhu arFu>, arFAe adFu>, adFAe hA>j sA>j mAeru> mAefl> aWvA mAeLu> ƒ yAe wAe gyAe hwAe ~ wI g{ hwI #]Æ rAe #]Æ Cu> #]Æ rI #]Æ Cu> #y rA #y Ce ben bhen #[ #y he Ce tUtI wUtI h>Fu> bFu> bAre bhAr gr Gr


ILLESDEN

5

}>t khe

}>t khe “aA smAmA> vA>kA> a>gvALA> BU>dA>, BUwLmA> pXu ane pxIaAe apAr Ce.”

“bglAnI Ce dAek vA>kI, pAeptnI Ce cA>c vA>kI, kUwrAnI Ce pUCdI vA>kI, vA>kAe iv”wAr Ce.”

“hAWInI Ce sU>D vA>kI, vAGnA Ce nK vA>kA,

B≠snu> Ce iXr vA>ku>, °XgdAnAe BAr Ce.”

sA>BLI iXyAL bAeœyu>, fAKe flpwrAm, “a…ynu> wAe aek vA>ku>, aApnA aDAr Ce.”

aek ifvs j>glmA> #w#wnA> pXuaAe BegA> WyA> hwA>. bFA> alkmlknI vAwAe krwA> hwA>. wevAmA> jene bI#mA> fAeS #evAnI tev Ce wevAe }>t khe, “aA bFA> pXu pxIMA> XrIrmA> kAe[ne kAe[ BAg vA>kAe j Ce.”

“jUaAene aA bglAe kevAe ZpALAe! pN aenI dAek vA>kI Ce. pAept kevu> mITu> bAele pN aenI cA>c vA>kI Ce. ane aA vPAfAr kUwrAnI pUCdI kevI vA>kI ke we kAe[ ifvs sIFI WAy j nh¢.

kfAvr hAWInI sU>D vA>kI Ce, vAGnA nK sAv vA>kA Ce ane srs m#nu> fUF aApwI B≠snA> vA>kA> °XgdA> kevA> kfZpA> lAge Ce.”

aAm }>t vArAPrwI bFA pXu pxImA> kA>[ne kA>[ vA>ku> - fAeS #ewAe hwAe. aA sA>BLIne pXuaAemA> cAlAk aevu> iXyAL bAeœyu>, “}>tBA[, aA bFA> pXu pxInA> wAe wme bwA–yA> ae aek aek a>g vA>kA> Ce. pN wmAzu> XrIr #eyu> Ce? wmArA XrIrnA aDAre aDAr a>g vA>kA> Ce wenu> X>u?”

sAmA…y rIwe aApNe pN }>t jevA j CIae. bI#mA> gme wetlA sArA guN hAey we sAme nWI #ewA pN kAe[ nAnAe srKAe pN avguN hAey wene j #e[ae CIae. BgvAn pN aApNA anek avguN sAme #eyA vgr aApNA pr fyA kre Ce. aetlA mAte BgvAnne guNgØAhI khevAy Ce. aApNne ÎI~ mhArAjne vhAlA Wvu> hAey wAe kAe[nA pN avguN sAme n #evu>. aGrA XÀfAe: BUwL = p´«vI, FrwI

”vA»yAy: 1. bglAnu> Xu> vA>ku> Ce? 2. pAeptnu> Xu> vA>ku> Ce? 3. }>tne vAGmA> Xu> fAeS feKAyAe? 4. B≠s aApNne Xu> aApe Ce? 5. iXyALe }>tmA> Xu> fAeS #eyAe? 6. j>glmA> rhewA> fX pxInA> nAm lKAe. 7. aA pATmA> aAvwA pXuaAe ]prA>w j>glmA> rhewA> bI#> fX pXunA> nAm lKAe.


ILLESDEN

6

#edNI

XÀfAenI #edNImA> mA^ aek axr ŸfAe lKA{ #y wAe we XÀfnAe aAKAe aW® bflA[ #y Ce. XÀfAe b…ne sAcA pN we XÀfnAe aW® ibl◊l „fAe W[ #y Ce. nIce aAvA WAedAk XÀfAe aApelA Ce. aA XÀfAenI #edNI ane aW® KAs yAf rAK#e. sArI = srs (”^I il>g), Good(Feminine) sAdI = phervAnI sAdI, Saree sALI = p∆nInI bhen/BABI, Wife’s Sister/Sister-in-law gAfI = aAsn, besvAnI j¡yA, Seat, Cushion gAdI = mAetr, kAr hlAve = XAk ke KIcdI hlAvvI, Stir clAve = gAdI clAvvI, Drive bAr = a>geØ~ XÀf, Bar, Pub. s>¿yA 12 bhAr = a>fr nhI> we, Outside hse = kAe{ hswu> hAey we, Laughing hXe = Biv“ymA> krvAnu>, Future Tense of May, Might gNAe = Count, Calculate GNAe = bhu gNu> = Count GNu> = bhu mAte = kArN, Reason mAWe = ]pr, Above, On top mAewI = Pearl mAetI = Big mAefl> = Late mAeLu> = mITA vgrnu>, Bland, Tasteless mAe›> = Big vecvu> = pEsA l[ne aApvu>, mkAn vecAy, Sell vhe>cvu> = mPw aApvu>, pØsAfI vhe>cAy, Distribute


ILLESDEN

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s>p ∆yA> j>p

aek hwu> j>gl. j>gl hAey aetle j>glI pØANIaAe pN rhe. vA>frA>, vZ, iXyAL, sslA>, hAWI, vAG vgere nAnA> mAetA> pXuaAe aA j>glmA> rhewA> hwA>. smdI, kbUwr, cklI, Guvd vgere pxIaAe pN j>glmA> rhewA>. aek ifvs aA j>glmA> be iXkArIaAe aA–yA. w>bu b>AFIne rhevAnu> nÛI kyu©. frrAej svArnA iXkAr krvA nIkLe. cAr-pA>c pXunAe iXkAr krI aAve. j>glnA bFA> pXu-pxI aA iXkArIne iXkAr krwA> jUae pN bIkWI kAe[ v√ce pde nh¢. aAmne aAm WAedA ifvs nIkLI gyA. frrAej WAedA> pXuaAe mre. aem krwA> pXuaAe ane pxIaAe aAeCA> WvA> lA¡yA>. bFA> pXuaAene °cwA WvA mA>dI ke #e WAedA ifvs aAm cAlXe wAe aAKu> j>gl KAlI W[ jXe. bFA>ye sAWe mLI j>glnA rA# °shne PiryAf krI. °shne vAw sAcI lAgI pN wene smj n pdI ke krvu> Xu? °she pØANIaAemA> cAlAk aevA iXyALnI slAh lIFI.

iXyALe kHAu>, “]pAy hu> bwAvu> pN hu> khu> wem wmAre sAEne krvu> pdXe.” ~v wAe bFA>ne vhAlAe hAey. bFA> pXuaAe rA~ W{ne iXyAL jem khe wem krvA wEyAr WyA>. iXyALe bFA> pXuaAene BegA> mLI iXkArIaAenAe sAmnAe krvA ane wemne j>glmA>WI hA>kI kADvA w>bu ]pr humlAe krvAnu> kHAu>. bFA> pXu-pxIaAeae aek sAWe mLI iXkArInA w>bu ]pr humlAe kyAß. iXkArIaAe pAse wlvAr, wIr, BAlA, b>fukAe vgere bFA> sAFnAe hwA>. pN aAtlA> bFA> pXuaAe sAWe aAvelA aetle aAmA>WI ketlAne weaAe mArI Xke? aA musIbw #e[ iXkArIaAe gBrA{ gyA ne j>gl mUkIne BAgI gyA. we ifvs pCI pACA feKAyA j nh¢. pCI wAe sAE pXu-pxIaAe s>pWI rhevA lA¡yA> ane aekbI#nI mff krwA> W[ gyA>. s>pWI sAEae BegA mLIne kAm kyu© aetle sPL WyA>. #e vArAPrwI iXkArIne sAmA WyA> hAew wAe iXkArI wemne bFAne mArI nAKw! s>pmA> aAtlI wAkAw Ce!

”vA»yAy:

nIcenA vAøyAe KAetA> Ce. we suFArIne PrIWI lKAe.

1. j>glmA> iXkAr krvA ^N iXkArIaAe sAWe aA–yA. 2. iXkArIaAe frrAej aek aek pXunAe iXkAr krwA. 3. pXuaAe aekbI#ne mff krI iXkArIaAe pAseWI aekbI#ne CAedAvwA> hwA>. 4. pXuaAe bhAfurIWI iXkArInAe sAmnAe krwA>. 5. pXuaAeae vArAPrwI iXkArInA w>bu ]pr humlAe kyAß. 6. iXkArIaAeae wIr, wlvAr ane BAlAWI pXuaAenI sAmA WyA. 7. iXkArIaAe bI# iXkArInI mff l{ne bI# ifvse pACA j>glmA> aA–yA.


ILLESDEN

8

–yAkrN - ivXeSN ane iÒyAivXeSN

Adjective & Adverb

gAy GAs KAy Ce. aA aek sA‹> vAky Ce. aAmA> ‘gAy’ kwA® Ce, GAs km® Ce, ane ‘KAy Ce’ iÒyApf(Verb) Ce. aA gAy ivXe aApNne vFAre khevu> hAey wAe gAy kAenI Ce, kevI Ce, ketlI Ce we khevu> pde. aA j rIwe GAs ivXe pN vFAre khI XkAy. aA rIwe kwA® ke km®nu> vN®n krwA XÀfAene ivXeSN(Adjective) khevAy Ce. ivXeSNAe vAprIne ]prnA vAøyne aA pØmANe lKI XkAy. rmeXnI mAetI sPef gAy lIl>u GAs KAy Ce. jem kwA® ke km®n>u vN®n krwA XÀfAene ivXeSN khevAy Ce wem iÒyApfnu> vN®n krwA XÀfAene iÒyAivXeSN (Adverb) khevAy Ce. iÒyAivXeSNWI aApNne Kbr pde Ce ke ae iÒyA kevI rIwe W[ rhI Ce, jem ke FImeFIme, jlfIWI, ]wAvLWI. ]prnA vAkymA> hve aApNe iÒyAivXeSN ]merIae. rmeXnI mAetI sPef gAy lIlu> GAs FImeFIme KAy Ce. ivXeSN ane ikØyAivXeSN vAprvAWI aApNne vFAre mAihwI mLe Ce.

ivXeSN : Adjective: aetle je XÀfWI kevu>, ketlu>, kAenu> vgerenA jvAb mLe we ivXeSN. ikyAivXeSN: Adverb: aetle je XÀfWI iÒyA kevI rIwe W[ rhI Ce wenAe ¿yAl aAve we iÒyAivXeSN. Adjective describes the object or subject of the sentence. Adverb describes the verb of the sentence. nIcenA vAkyAemA>WI ivXeSN ane iÒyAivXeSN aAeLKI ŸfA> lKAe.

1. gAD j>glmA> mAetA vA>frAaAe JAd ]pr ·fA·f krwA hwA. 2. mne #e[ne is>he mAeteWI ^Ad pAdI. 3. pA[pmA> JINu> kANu> pdvAWI pANI FImeFIme vhevA lA¡yu> 4. jrA ]wAvLA cAl#e, GN>u Âr jvAnu> Ce. 5. mArAWI aetlI bFI JdpWI fAedAwu> nWI.


ILLESDEN

9

aApNe pACLnA pAnAnu> vAky l¿yu> ke rmeXnI mAetI sPef gAy lIlu> GAs FImeFIme KAy Ce.

hve aA vAkyne bhuvcnmA> PervIae.

rmeXnI GNI sPef gAyAe lIlu> GAs FImeFIme KAy Ce. GNI ae ivXeSN nArI #iwnu> Ce. nr#iwnA kwA® mAte we bflA[ne GNA W[ Xke Ce. jemke rmeXnA GNA sPef bLfAe lIlu> GAs FImeFIme KAy Ce. pN sPef ae ivXeSN kAe[ #iw ke bhuvcn vAprwA> bflAwu> nWI ketlA>k ivXeSNAe kwA®nI #iw ane vcn pØmANe bflAy Ce. ane ketlA>k ivXeSNAe bflAwA> nWI.

sAmA…y rIwe je ivXeSNAe ‘a’ WI pUrA> WAy Ce (jevA> ke su>fr, sPef lAl, ivXAL, vgere), we ivXeSNAe kwA®nI #iw ke vcn pØmANe bflAwA> nWI.

fA.w. ivXAL bArI, ivXAL bArIaAe, ivXAL bAg, aek lAl gAdI, GNI lAl gAdIaAe, su>fr CAekrI, su>fr CAekrIaAe, su>fr CAekrAe.

ane we isvAynA ivXeSNAe kwA®nI #iw ane vcn pØmANe bflAy Ce.

fA.w. ZpALAe CAekrAe, ZpALA CAekrA, ZpALI CAekrI, ZpALI CAekrIaAe, ZpALA> CAekrA>, }ÆcAe CAekrAe, } >cI fIvAl, } >cu> pØANI, rAwI gAy, rAwAe bLf, kyA> ivXeSNAe #iw (il>g) ke bhuvcnnA vprAXWI bflAy Ce ane kyA> ivXeSNAe bflAwA> nWI we h>meXA> ¿yAl rAKvAe. nIcenA vAkyAemA> lItI fAerelA XÀfAene »yAnmA> rAKI sUcnA pØmANe PervAe.

1. rA# rAwA GAedA ]pr svAr W[ne ngrmA> PrvA nIk‘yAe. (nArI#iwmA> PervAe) 2. rA#ae ZpALI rANIne bAelAvI. (bhuvcnmA> PervAe) 3. mfArI pAse WAedA>k vA>frA> hwA>. (nArI#iwmA> PervAe) 4. mArI pAse aek lIlI sAdI Ce. (bhuvcnmA> PervAe)

nIcenA vAkyAemA> KAlI j¡yAmA> ivXeSNAe ]merI vAkyAe PrIWI lKAe. ------kewkInA ------- vAL bhu srs Ce. (kALA,su>fr ) ----- kAyAvALA hAWImA> ------ wAkAw hAey Ce. (mAetI, b⁄) ----- j>glmA> aek ----- m>ifr hwu> (gAD, su>fr) ------ rAwmA> ------- wArA feKAy Ce. (GNA, a>FArI) ------ svAre ------ }ÆG aAve Ce. (vhelI, bhu)


ILLESDEN

10

”vA»yAy nIce be kAeTAmA> WAedAk XÀfAe wenA aW® sAWe aApel Ce. kAeTA 1 mA> aApel XÀfAenA ivrAeFI XÀfAe kAeTA 2 mA>WI XAeFAe kAelm 1 kAelm 2 a>fr Inside nAnu> Small ajvALu> Light #vk Expense aAgL Front TAeT Dumb aAvk Income svAr Morning kAcu> Raw mAe>Gu Expensive kALu> Black jvu> Going ifvs Day bhAr Outside ‹:K Sadness KAe›> Wrong mAe›> Large grIb Poor sA>j Evening hl◊> Light aAvvu> Coming pACL Rear s”wu> Cheap aGz> Difficult BAre Heavy suK Happiness sAcu> Correct a>FAz> Dark pEsAfAr Rich rAw Night hAeiXyAr Clever sPef White pUv® East nIce Under vhelu> Early ‹g®F Stench shelu> Easy pA◊> Ripe sug>F Aroma mAefl> Late ]pr Over piÌm West jvAb Answer KrAb Bad ”^I Woman cAe¿Ku> Neat melu> Dirty puzS Man sAz> Good svAl Question


ILLESDEN

11

vAwcIw krvAmA> Xu˚ BASAnAe vprAX a∆yAr suFI aApNe GNu> vA>√yu> ane GNu> nvu> XI¿yA. aApNe ƒyAre vA>cwA hAe[ae ∆yAre ‘Ce’ h>meXA> ‘Ce’ j bAelIae CIae. pN ƒyAre sAmA…y vAwcIw krwA hAe[ae aWvA inb>F lKvA besIae ∆yAre ‘Ce’ nI j¡yAae BUlWI aApNe ‘re’ nAe ]pyAeg krIae CIae. jemke ‘#]Æ rI’. bI~ sAmA…y BUl ‘g[ hwI’ nI j¡yAae ‘~ wI’ pdwI hAey Ce. aAnu> kArN aApNe vA>cwA> ke bAelwA> nWI aAvdwu> ae nWI. pN aApNe GrmA> ke arsprsmA> vAwcIwmA> je BASA bAelIae CIae we Xu (cAe¿KI) gujrAwI nWI. jem aApNe aApNA im^Ae sAWe a>geØ~mA> vAwAe krIae CIae ∆yAre slangmA> vAwAe krIae CIae pN ƒyAre lKvA ane bAelvA mA>dIae ∆yAre pACA aApNe Xu˚ a>geØ~nAe ]pyAeg krIae CIae. wevI j rIwe GrmA> ke im^Ae sAWe BA>gIwUtI gujrAwImA> bAelIae ∆yA> suFI vA>FAe nh¢ pN aAvAe vprAX lKvAmA> ke bAelvAnI prIxAmA> n WAy wenI kAL~ rAKvI. aAvI sAmA…y BUlAe pdvAnu> bIju> kArN aApNA ]√cArAe Ce. bAelwI vKwe aApNe ‘f’, ‘d’, ane ‘r’ mA> Prk rAKwA> nWI. aetle lKvA mA>dIae aetle jem bAelwA hAe[ae aem j lKAwu> #y. aek axr bflA[ jvAWI aAKA XÀfnAe aW® bflA[ #y Ce. fA.w. ‘pdI’ ane ‘prI’. ‘nL’ ane ‘nr’. ‘pd’, ‘pL’ ane ‘pr’.

aAvI BUlAe n pde we mAte Xu> krvu>? aek wAe aApNA ]√cArAe ]pr »yAn rAKvu>. gujrAwI BASA aApNe jem bAelIae CIae

ibl◊l wem j lKAy Ce. a>geØ~nI jem aek axrnA ŸfA ŸfA ]√cAr nWI WwA. fA.w ‘ch’ kyArek ‘c’ WAy ane kyArek ‘k’ WAy. gujrAwImA> ‘c’ aek j rIwe lKAy Ce. pCI ae ‘c’ gme we XÀfmA> vprAy. mAte h>meXA> srKA lAgwA axrAenA ]√cAr brAbr ane cAe¿KA krvA. wevI j rIwe ‘[‘ ane ‘{‘ wWA ‘]’ ane ‘}’ nA vprAX ]pr pN »yAn rAKvu> jeWI #edNImA> BUlAe n pde. aApNe jem a>geØ~nA XÀfAenI #edNI (”pel¢g) yAf rAKIae CIae wevI j rIwe gujrAwI XÀfAenI pN #edNI yAf rAKvI #e[ae. frek axr aek j rIwe lKAy Ce weWI gujrAwI XÀfAenI #edNI a>geØ~ XÀfAe krwA> yAf rAKvI shelI Ce. mA^ aApNe kAeiXX krvAnI Ce. aApNe ƒyAre vA>cwA hAe[ae ∆yAre nvA aAvwA XÀfAe #edNI ane wenA aW® Biv“y mAte yAf rAKvA. je kAe[ pN XÀf lKIae wenI #edNInu> »yAn KAs rAKvu>. nIcenA XÀfAenI #edNI h>meXA> yAf rAKAe. xi^y aAiXS kbUwr grIb PeiryAe iKskAelI gujrAwI gulAb cAe¿Ku> firyAe fIpk ifvs ‹inyA Gnu“y nAiryeL inrA>w piv^ pUCvu> bhen iblAdI ibi”kt BI>w m>ifr mUkvu> ivYAn ivÍv ivÍvAs ivÍvAsu iXkArI XUrvIr is>h aigyAr ikrN sUrj pØAW®nA aArwI Gn—yAm k´“N ai¡n aAÌy® ikmw kAEwuk Kuœlu> KUbI Ÿnu> ifvALI ‹“t nÛI nh¢ inrAX pØX>sA puruS pU# pU#rI bØA˝N BUl BUlvu> r¢gN mjbUw iv\A iv˚An iv\AW§ iXxk XA>iw ih>mw hAeiXyAr KursI inyimw b>ne ipwA>br ajvALu> aTvAidyu> aiNyALu> aiBmAn aAYA>ikw aAXIvA®f aAbZ aALsu


ILLESDEN

12

]wAvL ]pyAegI ]>mr }jvvu> }>t aAeXI◊> cwurA[ cAeÛs ÿpAvvu> ‚pu> #g´iw w>fur”w wulsI ‹—mn inm®L p«Wr piÌm p”wAvAe pØ¿yAw pØiwYA peØrNA rA“t¨ irvAj ivn>wI iv”wAr v>´fAvn ”wuiw i”Wiw ”v n ”vAgw ih>dAeLAe ihsAb ⁄km yuikw muikw Bikw Xikw k´pA cAe¿KA[ pirÎm ”nAn j…mAÔmI iÒket ‰tbAel Rwu k√C prmA∆mA pUv® ]Qr fixN ”v√C BArw J>dAe nIce aApel gujrAwI XÀfAenI #edNI suGArIne lKAe. CwrI Umbrella CAeprI Book BØs Brush ipcI Toothbrush reifyAe Radio lAed Flour cAeprI Book ◊WrAe Dog fAedI Rope fAer⁄> Rope nIcenA be kAeTAmA> aApelA XÀfAemA>WI XÀfAenA ivrAeFI XÀfAenA> #edkA> bnAvAe. 1 2

a>FAru> pACL a>fr nAnu> #fl> s”wu> aAvvu> ajvALu> pAse pAwLu> BAre bhAr vAku> jvu> mAe›> Âr hAr hl◊> n~k sIFu> vhelu> FAeLu> kALu> murK dAHAAe ŸvAn v´»F mAefl> mAeGu> ~w


ILLESDEN

13

s>pmA> suK

hIrAlAl nAmnA aek XeT hwA. aemnAe bhu mAetAe vepAr cAlwAe. wemne cAr ifkrA hwA. cArey ifkrA ipwAnA F>FAmA> mff krwA. pN cAreyne Wwu> ke pAewe bI# ^N BA{aAe krwA> hAeiXyAr Ce ane bI# ^NnI mff vgr F>FAe sArAe clAvI Xke wem Ce. ihrAlAl XeT aek vKw ibmAr pdyA. ibmArI lA>bI cAlI. cArey BA{aAe pAewpAewAnI rIwe F>FAe krvA lA¡yA. aek bI#ne kA>[ pUCe nh¢. jene jem TIk lAge wem kre. F>FAmA> KAet aAvvA mA>dI. ihrAlAl XeTne fu:K wAe GNu> Wyu> pN ivcAr kre ke #e hu> sIFI iXKAmN f[X wAe kAe[ mAnXe nh¢. aetle wemNe aek yuiÚ krI.

aek ifvs wemNe cArey BA{aAene XerdInA bÀbe sA>TA l[ aAvvA kHAu>. cAre BA[ ipwAnA KAtlA pAse aAvIne }BA rHAA. ihrAlAl XeTe cArey BA{aAene pAewA pAse rhelAe XerdInAe aek aek sA>TAe BA>gvAnu> kHAu>. cAre BA{aAeae ipwAnI aAYA pAdI ane pAewpAewAnA aek aek sA>TA BA>gI nA¿yA.

ihrAlAl XeTe wemnA ifkrAaAene bI# cAr sA>TA aek fAerIWI bA>FvAnu> kHAu>. cAr sA>TA b>FA[ rHAA aetle XeTe pu^Aene we sA>TA BA>gvAnu> kHAu>. cArey jNAae KUb mhenw krI pN cAr sA>TAnI BArI kAe{WI BA>gI nh¢. aetle hve XeTe iXKAmN aApI, “ƒyA> suFI sA>TA aeklA hwA ∆yA> suFI nbLA hwA. jrAk jetlI mhenwWI BA>gI gyA. cArey sA>TA sAWe mLIne aek fAerIWI b>FA{ gyA pCI gme wetlI mhenw krAe wAe pN kAe{WI BA>ge nh¢ aevA mjbUw W{ gyA. wme cAr BA{ ƒyA> suFI alg alg rheXAe ∆yA> suFI nbLA rheXAe. kAe[ pN vepArI wmne pAdI nAKXe. pN wme cAr BA[aAe s>pWI BegA W{ jXAe wAe gme wetlAe mAetAe ke sbL vepArI pN wmne pACA pAdI XkXe nh¢.”

cAre BA[aAene pN ipwAnI vAw brAbr sm#[ g[. cAre BA{aAe hve s>pWI F>FAe krvA mA>dyA ane vepArmA> KUb pØgiw krI. pu^AenAe s>p ane aekbI# pØ∆yenAe pØem #e[ ihrAlAl XeT suKeWI BgvAnnA FAmmA> gyA.

”vA»yAy:

nIcenA vAøyAemA> KAlI j¡yAmA> yAe¡y XÀf mUkI vAøyAe pUrA> krAe.

1. XeTnu> nAm _________ hwu>. 2. XeTne _______ ifkrA hwA. 3. XeTnI ibmArI _______ cAlI. 4. ifkrAaAe aekbI#ne _______ _______ inN®yAe lewA hwA. 5. XeTe _______ne _______ fevA aek yuiÚ krI. 6. XeTe ifkrAaAe pAse _______nA _____ sA>TA m>gA–yA. 7. wemNe ifkrAaAene ____ ____ sA>TAe BA>gvAnu> kHAu>. 8. sA>TAe aeklAe hwAe ∆yA> suFI _______ hwAe. 9. cAr sA>TA BegA b>FA{ gyA pCI _______ W{ gyA. 10. ƒyA> suFI alg _____ rheXAe ∆yA> suFI ______ rheXAe. 11. XeT suKeWI ______nA _____mA> gyA.


ILLESDEN

14

mhA∆mA gA>FI~

aApNe gA>FI~ne ‘mhA∆mA’ khIae CIae. mhA∆mA aetle mAetA mANs. wemnI pAse kAe[ hAe˘Ae n hwAe, weaAe kAe[ s>pØfAynA aAcAy® n hwA CwA> pN mhA∆mA! wemNe ~vnmA> je kAm kyu® wenA ]prWI weaAe mhA∆mA khevAyA. gA>FI~nu> mUL nAm mAehnfAs krmc>f gA>FI hwu>. wemnAe j…m bI~ aAektAebr 1869nA ifvse pAerb>frmA> WyAe hwAe. wemnA ipwA pAerb>fr rAƒynA fIvAn hwA. wemnI mAwA puwLIbA[ bhu F•mÔ hwA>. we jmAnAnI rIw pØmANe mAehnfAsnA l¡n mA^ wer vS®nI ]Æmre k”wurbA[ sAWe krvAmA> aA–yA> hwA>. we vKwe weaAe h~ inXALmA> aÃyAs krwA hwA. BAvngr kAelejmA> aÃyAs pUrAe krI vkIlAwnAe aÃyAs krvA weaAe 1888mA> l>dn gyA hwA. ah¢nI °lkn [n nAmnI kAelejmA> ^N vrs aÃyAs krI weaAe pACA BArw pFAyA®. l>dnnA vsvAt frÕyAn wemNe gIwA, kurAn, bA[bl vgere jufA> jufA> Fm®g>ØWAenAe aÃyAs kyAß hwAe. gIwAWI weaAe KUb pØBAivw WyA hwA, ane ~vnBr weaAe gIwAnA ihmAywI rHAA hwA. BArw pACA aAvI wemNe mu>b[mA> vkIlAwnAe –yvsAy XZ kyAß. aek muslmAn peDInu> vkIlAwnu> kAm krvAnu> aAm>^N ”vIkArI weaAe fixN aAPØIkA gyA. we smymA> ∆yA> vswA BArwIyAe sAWe ∆yA>nA gAerAaAe KUb KrAb –yvhAr krwA. aAnAe anuBv gA>FI~ne pN shn krvAe pdyAe hwAe. weaAe aek vKw te¨nmA> pØWm vg®mA> musAPrI krwA hwA. aek a>geØjnI PrIyAf sA>BLIne reœvenA amlfAre gA>FI~ pAse pØWm vg®nI itikt hwI wAe pN wemne te¨nmA>WI ]wArI mUkyA. aA aek anuBve gA>FI~nA ~vnnAe r”wAe bflI nA¿yAe. vkIlAwnA –yvsAyne bAjuae mUkI wemNe rAjkIy ldw hAW FrI. ae ldw pN sAv nvI j #wnI! srkAr sAWe ashkAr! ane we pN a°hsk! ashkAr aetle srkArI kAyfAnu> rA~KuXIWI sAmUihk ]œl>Gn. ae ]œl>Gn mAte je s# WAy we hswe mAeDe sAEae shn krvAnI. pAelIs mAr mAre wAe pN iblkul sAmnAe krvAnAe nh¢. ae nvI ldwne gA>FI~ae ‘s∆yAgØh' nAm aA yu>. s∆ynAe aAgØh aetle s∆yAgØh! pAelIsnI lATIaAe KAvA wEyAr, jelmA> jvA wEyAr. pN KrAb kAyfAe mAnvAe nh¢. aA sAmuihk ldwWI fixN aAP¨IkAnI srkArne BArwIaAene lAgu pdwA a…yAyjnk kAyfAaAe bflvA pdyA. gA>FI~ ƒyAre BArw pACA aA–yA ∆yAre wemNe BArwmA> pN ae j fXA #e[. we smye BArwmA> a>geØ#e rAƒy krwA hwA. feX pAewAnAe ane rAƒy bI#nu>. gA>FI~WI aA shn n Wyu>


ILLESDEN

15

ane wemNe BArwmA> pN s∆yAgØhnI ldA[ XZ krI. feXnA KUNe KUNe ashkAr ane s∆yAgØhnI ldwAe XZ W[. aAvAe j aek s∆yAgØh gujrAwnA fA>dI nAmnA gAme krvAmA> aA–yAe. firyAnu> KAz> pANI sukvIne mITu> pkvvAnI rIw bhu junI Ce. grIb lAekAe aAvI rIwe bnAvelu> mITu> vecI pAewAnu> gujrAn clAve. a>geØj srkAre wenA pr pØiwb>F lAfyAe. aA kAyfAnI ivz˚ gA>FI~ae ldA[ aAfrI. amfAvAfWI fA>dI suFI pgpALA kUc krI, firyA iknAre mITu> pkAvI kAyfAnAe #hermA> B>g kyAß. aA s∆yAgØhnI sPLwA #e[ srkArne mITAnAe kAyfAe bflvAe pdyAe. lA>bA smynI ashkAr ane s∆yAgØhnI cLvLne kArNe a>geØj srkArne nmwu> #eKvu> pdyu> ane 1947nI 15mI aAeg”te BArw feX aAJAf WyAe. BArwIaAe mAte pAewAnA feXmA> PrIWI pAewAnu> rAƒy aA–yu>. gA>FI~nA smymA> sAmA…y °hfuaAe Ded-B>gIaAe sAWe KUb KrAb –yvhAr krwA. wemne m>ifrAemA> aAvvA n fewA, wemne adwA pN nh¢. gA>FI~ae wemne hirjn kHAA ane svß °hfuaAene aAvA fu–y®vhArne suFArvAnI hAkl krI. wemNe °jfgIBr °hfu-muslmAnAenI aekwA mAte jhemw ]TAvI hwI. ane aA aekwAnI ihmAyw bfl wemnI h∆yA krvAmA> aAvI hwI. wemnA m´∆yu smye weaAe kAe[ pN hAefA ]pr n hwA CwA> pN lAKAe lAekAe wemnI ”mXAnyA^AmA> sAmel WyA hwA. aA wemnI lAekipØywAnI sAibwI Ce. sAmA…y pØ#nA ]˚Ar mAte wemNe ~vnBr mhenw krI weWI j aApNe wemne mhA∆mA khIae CIae.

”vA»yAy nIce lItI fAerelA XÀfAene lIFe nIcenA vAøyAe KAetA> Ce. we XÀf suFArIne vAøyAe sAcA> krAe. aek fAKlAe aApel Ce. gA>FI~nu> puz> nAm mAehnfAs krmc>f aAcAy® hwu>. gA>FI~nu> puz> nAm mAehnfAs krmc>f gA>FI hwu>.

1. gA>FI~nI mAwAnu> nAm k”wurbA hwu>. 2. gA>FI~ae ~vnmA> bhu sAz> kAm kyu© aetle weaAe aAcAy® khevAyA. 3. gA>FI~ae vkIlAwnAe aÃyAs BAvngrmA> kyAß hwAe. 4. gA>FI~nI °hsk ane sAWshkArnI ldwnu> nAm s∆yAgØh aApvAmA> aA–yu> hwu>. 5. 1947nI 15mI aAegÔe BArw gulAm b…yu> hwu>. 6. °hfu-muslmAnnI aekwAnI ihmAyw krvA bfl gA>FI~nI pU# krvAmA> aAvI hwI. 7. gA>FI~nI XAeBAyA^AmA> lAKAe mANsAe #edAyA> hwA>.

GrkAm nIcenA inb>FmA>WI BASA ane #edNInI BUlAe suFArIne inb>F PrIWI lKAe. mAru> nAm aupes Ce. hu> p>fr vrsnAe aumr Ce. mArA aA>K ane vAL be kArA Ce. mArA GrmA> hu>, mArA mAwApIwAne mArA be mAewI bhenu> re Ce. mArA mAwApIwA be ip”wAlIs vrsnI aumr Ce. mArAe bhennu> nAm Ce s>gIwA ne aenI aumr ce vIs vrs Ce. marAe bI~ bhennI nAm Ce rXmI. aI aekvIs vrsnI aumr Ce. mArAe ipwA auwArn kAm kre ne mArA mAwA XArAm kAm kre. mne aek aWvAdIy aem ^N pA[dn iK”sA Kc®nA pEsA mLe. aenA sAWe hu> s>gIw n sI.fI. ne vA>cvAnI cAepdIyu> levu>.


ILLESDEN

16

wmArI XALA

(1) wmArI XALAnu> vN®n.... ....kyA> aAvelI Ce? ....kevdI Ce? ketlA iXxk / iXixkAaAe Ce? ....kAeN BNI Xke? (CAekrA ke CAekrI, k[ ]mrnA>)? P

(2) wmne kyA kyA ivSyAe BNvAnA hAey Ce? wmArAe mn gmwAe ivSy kyAe ane kyAe ivSy wmne ps>f nWI, XA mAte?

(3) wmArI XALAnu> smy p^k kevI rIwe hAey Ce?

aAvwI kAle kyA ivSynI XZaAw WXe? g[ kAlee CeœlAe ivSy kyAe hwAe?

(4) wmArI XALAnA kyA inymAe wmne nWI gmwA? kArNAe

jNAvXAe?

(5) wmArI XALAmA> BNvA isvAynI k[ k[ pØvíQaAe hAey Ce? wme k[ pØvíQmA> #edAyelA CAe? aAvI pØvíQnA PAyfA jNAvXAe?

(6) wme GrkAm kyAre krAe? wmne GrkAm gme Ce? XA mAte?

(7) wmArI XALA wrPWI wme kAe[ pØvAsmA> gyA CAe? wme aenA ivXenA wmArA anuBvAe kheXAe?

(8) wmArI XALAmA> rmwgmw ifn ke vAlI ifn jevA pØs>gAe ]jvAyA hAey aenA ivXe WAedu> kheXAe?

(9) wmArI XALAnAe gNveX kevAe Ce?

wmArA ivcArmA> gNveX phervAe XA mAte jZrI Ce?

(10) wme wmArI XALAne sArI bnAvvA Xu> Xu> PerPArAe sucvXAe?


ILLESDEN

17

ivrAm ich™nAe aApNe bALpAeWImA> XI¿yA hwA ke vAkyne a>we pUN® ivrAm ich™n(Full Stop) mUkIae CIae. a∆yAr suFI aApNe je inb>FAe vA>√yA wemA> pUN®ivrAm ich™n isvAy pN bI# ivrAm ich™n aA–yA> Ce. inb>FAenI nIce aenAe vprAX pN aApNe XI¿yA CIae. ae hve aApNe wAŸ> krIae. 1. pUN®ivrAm ich™n - ( . ) Full Stop nAm pØmANe ƒyAre vAky pUru> WAy ∆yAre vAkyne a>we pUN®ivrAm mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. 2. aœpivrAm ich™n - ( , ) Comma aek vAkynA be BAg krvA hAey ∆yAre vAkynI v√ce aA ich™n mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. 3. pØÓAW® ich™n - ( ? )Question Mark je vAkymA> pØÓ pUCvAmA> aA–yAe hAey wevA vAkyne a>we pØÓAW® ich™n mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. 4. ]f™gAr ich™n - ( ! ) Exclamation Mark je vAkymA> nvA[, KuXInAe ke aAÌy®nAe BAv –yÚ WwAe hAey wevA vAkyne a>we ]f™gAr ich™n mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. 5. avwrN ich™n - (‘. . . .’ ) Inverted Commas kAe[nu> bAelelu> ke khelu> ae j XÀfAemA> lKvu> hAey ∆yAre ae lKAN avwrN ich™nmA> mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. avwrN ich™n kyArek #edImA> pN vprAy Ce. fA.w. “. . . . . ..” vAkynA bI# bFA ich™nAe avwrN ich™nnI a>fr mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. kyArek bI~ BASAnAe ke kAe[ ivXeS XÀf tA>kIye ∆yAre we XÀf pN avwrN ich™nmA> mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. fA.w. ÎI~ mhArAje ‘iXxAp^I’mA> kHAu> Ce.

srKAmNI mheX }ÆcAe CAekrAe Ce. ]prnA vAkymA> }ÆcAe ivXeSN wrIke vprAyel Ce. pN ketlAe }ÆcAe Ce? mheX ]meX krwA> }>cAe Ce. ]meX ane mheX ae be jNnI }ÆcA{nI srKAmNI krIae ∆yAre Kbr pde ke kAeN vFAre }>cu> Ce. mheX inXALmA> sAEWI }>>cAe Ce. ah¢ srKAmNI bFA v√ce krvAmA> aAvI Ce. ‘ketlu>’ svAlnAe jvAb we srKAmNI. vFAre, aAeÿu>, GNu>, WAefl>, krwA>, sAEWI vgere srKAmNInA XÀfAe Ce. srKAmNInA XÀfAe kwA®nA °lg sAWe bflAy Ce.

inXA XIlA krwA> }>cI Ce. inXA inXALmA> sAEWI }>cI Ce. g>gA BArwnI sAEWI lA>bI nfI nWI. mu>b[ BArwnu> sAEWI mAe›> Xher Ce. ihmAly ‹inyAnAe sAEWI mAetAe pv®w Ce. l>dn mA…ce”tr krwA> GNu> mAetu> Xher Ce. bFI v”wuaAe sAWe srKAmNI krIae ∆yAre ‘sAEWI’ XÀf #iw pØmANe nWI bflAwAe pN ivXeSN j bflAy Ce we ¿yAlmA> rAKvu>.


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18

smAnAW§ XÀfAe nIcenA XÀfAenA aW® srKA Ce. aA XÀfAe lKAe ane wenA aW® sm#e ane yAf rAKAe. aAfr = mAn, s…mAn aA>K = nyn, ne^ frvA#e = ˙Ar, kmAd c>>< = cA>fAe, c>%mA, XXI JAd = v´x, wru ifvs = ifn, rAej rAw = rAi^, rjnI, inXA nvu> = nvIn, nUwn sA>j = s>»yA, sAy>kAL svAr = prAeD, pØBAw sUy® = sUrj, riv, BAnu peØm = yAr,vhAl, ”neh acrj = ac>bAe, nvA[ aAKu> = puru>, smgØ kALu> = —yAm, k´“N [XArAe = s>kew grm = }nu> T>fl> = tADu>, XIwL } >du> = ghn krAmw = kArIgrI, yuiøw GAedAe = aÍv iC< = kANu> fuinyA = ivÍv, jgw, s>sAr bArIk = JINu>, pAwLu> vAn = r>g, vN® sPef = FAeLu>, Ívew sAgr = smu<, firyAe, r∆nAkr sAenu> = k>cn, knk aAÌy® = acrj aAiXS = aAXIvA®f avsr = smy, wk aDLk = GNu>, pu“kL ajvALu> = ]#X, pØkAX K>w = mhenw, kAL~ cwur = hAeiXyAr, kuXL FrwI = FrA, p´«vI, FrNI a>br = aAkAX, ggn aAvkAr = ”vAgw

nIcenA XÀfAenA aek krwA> vFAre aW® WAy Ce. ◊XL = cwur, hAeiXyAr, sAru> a>br = aAkAX, kpdA> k´“N = kALu>, BgvAnnu> nAm mIfi> = g‘yu>, inmk


ILLESDEN

19

ifvALI

ifvALInAe whevAr bFAne gme. nvA> nvA> kpdA> phervAnA>. PtAkdA PAedvAnA. kevI m# aAve! mANsAe pAewpAewAnA GrmA> pN XAeBA gAeTve, aA>gNAmA> r>gAeLI pure, fIvAaAe sLgAve. ketlu> su>fr lAge! amAsnI rAwe aAkAXmA> c>< n hAey aetle wArAaAe pN vFAre ZpALA lAge. ane fIvAaAenI hArmALA #e[ae wAe aem lAge ke #Ne bFA wArA FrwI ]pr ]wrI aA–yA Ce. ifvALInAe whevAr bFA °hfuaAe ]jve. fuinyAmA> ƒyA> ƒyA> °hfuaAe vswA hAey ∆yA> ∆yA> ifvALI ]jve. ane ifvALInAe whevAr mA^ aek ifvsnAe nWI. FnwersWI mA>dI BA[bIj suFInA pA>c ifvs aA whevAr cAle Ce. aApNe ifvALI XA mAte ]jvIae CIae? ifvALInA pv®nu> mhA∆my Xu> Ce? rAvN sIwA~nu> hrN krI gyAe ∆yAre BgvAn ÎI rAme l>kA ]pr cdA[ krI hwI. aA yu»F nv ifvs cAœyu> ane fXerAnA ifvse BgvAn ÎI rAme rAvNnAe nAX kyAß. l>kAnI gAfI ivBISNne supØw krI BgvAn ÎI rAme ayAe»yA wrP pØyAN kyu®. BgvAn ÎI rAm je ifvse ayAe»yA phA≠√yA we ifvs aAsAe vf amAsnAe hwAe. ayAe»yAvAsIaAene ƒyAre Kbr pdI ke BgvAn ÎI rAm pACA pFAyA® Ce ∆yAre wemne KUb aAn>f WyAe. aA aAn>f –ykw krvA sAE ngrvAsIaAeae GrnA> aA>gNA>aAemA> r>gAeLIaAe pUrI, JZKAaAemA> fIpmALAaAe pØgtAvI ane PtAkdA PAedyA. fIvAaAenA ajvALAWI wemNe pAewAnA ~vnmA> BgvAnnA ivyAegWI je a>FkAr –yApI gyAe hwAe we fUr kyAß. aApNe pN ƒyAre ifvALInA fIp pØgtAvIae ∆yAre aApNA HfymA> aYAn ZpI a>FkAr –yApI gyAe hAey we fUr krvAe #e[ae. ifvALInAe aAn>f jZr mANvAe #e[ae pN phelA> mnnA melne fUr krvAe #e[ae. kemke BgvAnne mnmA> besAdvA hAey wAe phelA> mnne sAP krvAnI jZr Ce. melA mnmA> BgvAnnAe vAs n hAey. ifvALInA ifvse vepArIaAe cAepdApUjn ane l’mIpUjn kre Ce. gyA vrsnA aAvk#vknA ihsAbAe PrIWI wpAsvAmA> aAve Ce. ane aAgAmI vrs mAte nvA cAepdAaAe XZ krvAmA> aAve Ce. pØmAiNkwAWI kmAyelu> Fn we l’mI. aApNA GrmA> BUlWI pN cAerInu> ke apØmAiNkwAnu> Fn n aAvI #y we mAte l’mIfevInu> pUjn krvAmA> aAve Ce. cAerInu> Fn kutu>bnAe ivnAX kre Ce. Fnwers (aAsAe vf wers)nA ifvse BArwmA> KedUwAe pAewAnI gAyAe bLfAenA °XgdA> r>gIne gAEFnnI pU# kre Ce. KedUwAe mAte aemnA> pXu bhu ag∆ynA hAey Ce aetle aA gAEFnnI pU# krvAmA> aAve Ce.

ifvALInAe aAglAe ifvs aetle kALIcAEfX. ÎI~ mhArAje iXxAp^ImA> krelI aAYA pØmANe aA ifvse aApNA m>ifrAemA> hnumAn~nu> pUjn krvAmA> aAve Ce. ifvALInA bI# ifvse aApNe beswu> vS® }jvIae CIae. nvA vrsnAe aA phelAe ifvs Ce. aA ifvse BgvAn ÎI rAmnAe rAƒyAiBSek WyAe hwAe. ivwelA vrsnI kdvAX BUlI


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20

nvu> vrs aAn>f ]œlAs sAWe XZ krvu> #e[ae. imÂenI ane XûaAenI BUlAe mAP krI nvesrWI nvu> vrs ~vvAnI XZaAw krvI #e[ae. aA ifvse m>ifrAemA> BgvAnne a…nkUt BrIne nEve\ FrAvvAmA> aAve Ce. aA a…nkUtAe∆svnI XZaAw BgvAn ÎI k´“NnA smymA> W[ hwI. BgvAn ÎI ”vAimnArAyNe aA a…nkUt ]∆svnAe mihmA bhu vKA≈yAe Ce. nvA vrsnAe bI#e ifvs (kArwk suf bIj) aetle BA[bIj. BA[bIjnA ifvse fuinyAnI bFI bhenAe pAewAnA BA[ne jmAdI wemnI aAiXS le Ce. ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne aApNne aAYA krI Ce ke ]∆svnA ifvse m>ifre jZr fX®n krvA aAvvu>. we mAte ifvALInA aA pA>cey ifvsAemA> frrAej m>ifre aAvvu>.

”vA»yAy ‘…n’ aAvI rIwe pN lKA[ XkAy Ce. ‘Ù’ ‘—’ ane ‘c’ nu> #edAN aAvI rIwe lKAy Ce – ‘Ì’ inÏy in—cy ‘—’ ane ‘v’ nu> #edAN aAvI rIwe lKAy Ce – ‘Ï’ ivÏAs iv—vAs nIce WAedA XÀfAe aApelA Ce . we XÀfAe kevI rIwe lKAy Ce. we »yAnWI yAf rAKI #eyA vgr PrIWI lKAe. ivÏAs pØÓ bØA˝N ivÏ aAÌy® yu˚ iv˚An Answer the following questions in English.

1. Fnwersne ifvse BArwnA KedUwAe Xu> kre Ce? 2. kALIcAEfsne ifvse kAenu> pUjn krvAmA> aAve Ce? 3. aApNe ifvALI XA mAte ]jvIae CIae? 4. nvA vrsnA ifvse m>ifrmA> Xu> Xu> krvAmA> aAve Ce? 5. BA[bIjnA ifvse bhenAe Xu> kre Ce? 6. ifvALInA ifvsAemA> mANsAe GrnI k[ k[ XAeBA kre Ce? 7. ifvALInAe whevAr kAeN ]jve Ce? 8. rAvN kyA feXnAe rA# hwAe? 9. rAvNnAe nAX i) kAeNe øyAß?

ii) øyAre øyAß? 10. ÎI rAm pACA pFAyA® ∆yAre ayAe»yAvAsIaAeae Xu> Xu> øyu® we lKAe. 11. ifvALInA ifvse vepArIaAe XAnu> pUjn kre Ce? 12. gAEFnnI pU# kyA ifvse WAy Ce? 13. iXxApÎnI aAYA pØmANe hnumAn~nu> pUjn øyAre WAy Ce? 14. ÎI rAmnAe rAƒyAiBSek kyA ifvse WyAe hwAe?

GrkAm ivÏAs pØÓ bØA˝N ivÏ aAÌy® yu˚ iv˙An

1. ]pr aApel sAw XÀfAe vAprIne sAw vAøyAe lKAe.


ILLESDEN

21

p^ leKn

aApNne kAe[ne sArA smAcAr aApvA hAey jemke prIxAmA> sPL WyA hAe[ae, aWvA aApNe øyA>k PrvA gyA hAe[ae we ivXe kAe[ne #N krvI hAey ∆yAre we #N p^ ˙ArA krwA hAe[ae CIae. aAvA p^ne ibnaAEpcAirk (Informal) p^ khevAy Ce.

aApNne kAe[ nAekrI mAte ar~ krvI hAey aWvA kAe[ #herKbrnA anus>FAnmA> vFAre ivgw m>gAvvI hAey wAe pN aApNne p^nAe aAÎy levAe pde. aAvA p^ne aAEpcAirk (Formal) p^ khevAy Ce. wAe cAlAe aAje aApNe p^ lKwA> XIKIae. bÙe #wnA p^mA> cAr v”wu hAevI jZrI Ce. 1. p^ lKnArnu> nAm wWA srnAm>u. kAgLnA ]prnA jmNA KUNAmA> p^ lKnArnu> nAm wWA srnAmu> lKvAmA> aAve Ce. srnAmu> aApNe ƒyA>WI p^ l¿yAe hAey ∆yA>nu> lKvu>. aApNe perIs PrvA gyA hAe[ae ∆yAre srnAmu> perIsnu> hAevu> #e[ae. (nA≠F: prIxAmA> aWvA nmUnAnAe p^ lKwA hAe[ae ∆yAre je s>#egeA bwA–yA hAey we KAs ¿yAlmA> rAKI we j¡yAnu> srnAmu> lKvu>). srnAmA nIce p^ l¿yAe hAey we ifvsnI wArIK lKvI. ibnaAEpcAirk p^mA> aApNu> nAm lKvAnu> jZrI nWI. 2. s>bAeFn p^ aApNe jenA ]pr l¿yAe hAey wenu> aiBvAfn ae j s>bAeFn. jem aApNA im^ sAWe ane aApNA ipwA sAWe vAw krvAnI rIw jufI hAey Ce wevI j rIwe p^mA> s>bAeFn pN jufu> hAevu> #e[ae. im^ne p^ lKIae ∆yAre s>bAeFn ‘ipØy im^ ......’ krvu> ane mAwA-ipwAne p^ lKIae ∆yAre s>bAeFn ‘pUƒy mAwA~ ke ipwA~’ krvu>. aApNAWI s>b>FmA> kAe{ vdIl (jevAke kAkA, mAmA, mAsI, mAetABA[, BABI) ne p^ lKIae ∆yAre pN s>bAeFnmA> ‘pUƒy’ j lKAy. kAe[ aAeLKwI –yiøwne p^ lKIae ∆yAre s>bAeFn bAf ‘jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN’ jZr lKv>u. nAekrInI ar~ krwI vKwe ke kAe{ a#NI –yiøwne p^ lKwI vKwe –yiøwn>u pUr>u nAm ane wenAe hAe˘Ae lKvAe jZrI Ce. we vKwe s>bAeFnmA> ‘mAnnIy’ ke ‘murÀbI’ jevAe XÀf vAprvAe. 3. ivgw

aApNe p^ je mAte lKIae CIae wene ivgw khevAy. ibnaAEpcAirk p^nI XZaAwmA> sAmsAmA Kbra>wr pUCvA. (fA.w. mArI wibyw sArI Ce. wmArI wibyw sArI hXe. aWvA hu> m#mA> Cu>. ane wme m#mA> hXAe.) r#mA> gyA hAe[ae ∆yAre aApNe ∆yA> Xu> krIae CIae, øyA> PrvA gyA hwA we bFu> ivgwmA> lKvAnu> hAey. bI# kAe[ pN smAcAr hAey wenAe ah¢ smAveX krvAe. nAekrInI ar~ krwI vKwe aApNI nAekrI mAtenI lAykAw, iXxN, anuBv vgere ah¢ jNAvvu>. #herKbrnA anus>FAnmA> p^ lKwA> hAe[ae ∆yAre aApNne XenA ivXe vFAre mAihwI #e[ae Ce we ah¢ jNAvvu>.


ILLESDEN

22

4 . pUN®wA p^nA a>we p^nI dAbI bAjuae p^ lKnArnI aAeLKAN aApvI. jemnA ]pr aApNe

p^ l¿yAe Ce wemnI sAWe aApNA s>bFAe kevA Ce we ¿yAlmA> rAKIne p^ pUrAe krvAe. jemke aApNe im^ne p^ l¿yAe hAey wAe a>wmA> iliKw>g ‘wArA im^ .......nA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN vA>cje’ aem lKvu>. mAwA ipwAne p^ l¿yAe hAey wAe a>wmA> ‘il. wmArA pu^ ......nA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN vA>c#e’ aem lKvu>. aAEpcAirk p^nA a>wmA> ‘aApnAe ivÍvAsu ......’aem lKvu>. aAm p^nA mu¿y cAr ivBAg pde Ce we ¿yAlmA> rAKIne p^ lKvAe. p^ aA pØmANe gAeTvvAe.

p^ lKnArnu> nAm, srnAmu> ane wArIK Grnu> nAm - n>br

Xhernu> nAm ipn kAed

wArIK

s>bAeFn

p^ nI ivgw

ivfAy - vcn p^ lKnArnI shI

hvee aApNe p^nA WAedAk nmUnA #e[ae.

jene p^ lKvAnAe hAey wene ivvek sAWenu> s>bAeFn

p^ jene l¿yAe hAey wenI sAWe aApNA jevA s>b>F hAey wene ¿yAlmA> rAKIne ivfAy vcn lKvu>.


ILLESDEN

23

p^ - 1 aApNe ]nALAnI r#aAemA> aApNA ^N im^Ae sAWe perIs PervA gyA CIae. ∆yA>WI aApNA ipwA~ ]pr aek p^ lKIae CIae.

Zm n>. 218, hAelIde [n,

perIs. wA. 9 -8 -2004

prm pUƒy bApu~ wWA bA, sAfr jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN.

hu> g[ kAle svAre kAe[ pN #wnI wklIP vgr ah¢ phA≠cI aA–yAe Cu>. vAetrlU ”teXnWI te¨n smysr ]pdI hwI. mheX, mhe…% ane aimw sAWe hwA aetle musAPrImA> smy sArI rIwe psAr W[ gyAe. r”wAmA> amne kAe[ pN #wnI wklIP pdI n hwI. ∆yA> wmArI, mArI bAnI wWA re—mAnI wibyw sArI hXe.

g[ kAle ame perIs XhermA> PrvA gyA hwA. aePIl tAvrnI Cek ]prWI nIce #e[ae wAe bIk lAge. ∆yA>WI perIs Xhernu> je |—y feKAy we KreKr mANvA jevu> Ce. g[ kAle rAwnA ame nfInI shelgAhe pN gyA hwA. rAwnA nAEkAivhAr krwA hAe[ae, mFur s>gIw vAgwu> hAey ane nfInA kA>TA ]pr rAeXnI JLhLwI hAey wenI m# wAe vN®vI j n XkAy. wenAe wAe pAewAne j anuBv krvAe pde. KUb j m# aAvI hwI. aAvwI kAle ame ah¢WI yurAe dIJnI jvAnA CIae. ∆yA> ame ^N ifvs rAekA[Xu>. ame cAre jNA KUb m# krIXu>. m≠ ah¢ GNA PAetA pAdyA Ce we ∆yA> aAvIne aApNe sAWe #e[Xu>. hu> ah¢WI pACA aAvvA rvAnA W[X ∆yAre wmne PAen krIX. wAe we pØmANe mne levA aAv#e. ∆yA> mArI bAne ane re—mAne mArA vwIWI GNA GNA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN kheXAe. il. aApnA pu^ rmeXnA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN vA>cXAe.


ILLESDEN

24

GrkAm : wme BArwWI r#mA> l>dn PrvA aA–yA CAe. ah¢WI BArwmA> rhewA wmArA im^ne p^ lKAe. p^mA> wme l>dnmA> Xu> Xu> #eyu> wenI ivgw lKAe.


ILLESDEN

25

p^ - 2 wmArI bhen prNIne sAsre g[ Ce. we wmne phelIvAr p^ lKI rhI Ce.

18, kI>¡s ”t¨It, bAeœtn.

wA. 5 - 6 - 2004 ipØy BA[ ikXAer, speØm jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN.

hu> wne aA phelI vAr p^ lKu> Cu> aetle Xu> lKu> we smjN nWI pdwI. a∆yAr suFI wAe aApNe sAWe j rhewA> aetle p^nI jZiryAw j nhAewI pdI. pN hve hu> prNIne aAtle fUr aAvI Cu> aetle hve wAe avArnvAr p^ lKwI rhIX. ane wu> pN mne inyimw p^ lKwAe rheje. hu> ah¢ BgvAnnI k´pAWI m#mA> Cu> ane ∆yA> wu>, bA, bApu~ wWA a>jnA bFA> m#mA> hXAe. aA phelA p^mA> bI~ kAe[ ivgw nWI aetle cAl hu> wne mArA> nvA> sgA>aAenI aAeLKAN krAvu>. wArA bnevIne wAe wu> GNI vAr m‘yAe Ce aetle wemne wAe wu> brAbr aAeLKe Ce. mArA> bI#> sgA>ne w≠ mArA l¡nmA> #eyA> hXe pN brAbr aAeLKwAe nh¢ hAey aetle mAihwI aApu> Cu>.

mArA ssrAnI ah¢ kpdA>nI fukAn Ce. amArA GrnI sAv bAjumA> j fukAn Ce. mArI sAsu ane ssrA sAWe mLIne fukAn clAve Ce. mArA jeTnu> Gr amArA GrWI> WAedu>k j fUr Ce. gAdIWI lgBg fs imint lAg.e wne aetlI wAe Kbr hXe j ke wArA bnevInA mAetA BA[ mArA jeT WAy, nAnA BA[ mArA ifyr WAy ane wemnI bhen mArI nN>f WAy. hA, wAe mArA jeT ah¢ kpdA>nI mIlmA> aAeiPsmA> kAm kre Ce. mArA jeTANI kAme nWI jwA>. wemnA> be nAnA> CAekrA>nI feKBAL kre Ce. mArA ifyre hAlmA> j BNvAnu> pUru> kyu© Ce ane kAmnI wpAsmA> Ce. h~ kAm nWI m‘yu> aetle amArI fukAnmA> mff kre Ce. mArI nN>f kA…wA vkIlAwnu> BNe Ce. wemn>u kAelejmA> aA Ceœlu> vrs Ce. BNIne srkArI vkIl WvAnI [√CA rAKe Ce. hu> pN kAmnI wpAsmA> Cu>. hAle kAm nWI aetle aAKAe ifvs GrmA> besIne k>tALI #]Æ Cu>. ^N j¡yAae kAmnI ar~aAe krI Ce #e[ae Xu> jvAb aAve Ce.

a∆yAr suFI wAe m≠ mArI j vAw krI. wu> ∆yA> Xu> kre Ce we mne jNAvje. aAvwA mihnAWI inXALmA> r#aAe pde Ce wAe wu> WAedA ifvs ah¢ PrvA aAvje. mAru> Gr pN #evAXe ane ÀlekpUl PrvA pN jvAXe. aAvvAnu> nkkI krIne we pØmANe vLwA p^mA> jNAvje.

∆yA> bA, bApu~ wWA a>jnAne mArA vwIWI GNA GNA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN kheje. aApNA> bI# sgA>aAene ane im^Aene pN mArA GNA GNA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN kheje. p^nAe jvAb jœfIWI lKje. il. wArI mAetI bhen am´wnA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN vA>cje.


ILLESDEN

26

GrkAm :

wmArI bhennA aA p^nAe jvAb lKAe. p^mA> aAvwA mihne wme ane wmArI nAnI bhen be aTvAidyA mAte wmArI bhennA Gre jvAnA CAe ane we frÕyAn ∆yA> Xu> krvA [√CAe CAe we jNAvAe.

firyA iknArAe bAg

ÀlekpUl tAvr KrIfI

du>gr cdvAnu> ikØket vAelIbAel


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wme, wmAru> kutu>b ane wmArA im^Ae

(1) wmArA ivXe WAedu> kheXAe? (wmArI ]Æmr, wme hAl Xu> krAe CAe, wmArAe feKAv, wmArA XAeK, wmne Xu> gme Xu> n gme)?

(2) wmArA GrmA> kAeN kAeN Ce? ketlI ]mrnA> Ce? ane weaAenA

”vBAv ivXe WAedu> kheXAe? (3) wmArA bA bApu~nA kAm ivXe WAedu> kheXAe?

(4) wme wmArA iK”sA Kc®nA pEsAnAe Xu> ]pyAeg krAe CAe? gyA aTvAdIye wme ae kyA> vApyA® hwA?

aAvwA aTvAdIae wme aenu> Xu> krXAe?

(5) wmArA im^Ae ivXe WAedu> kheXAe? (aenA ”vBAv, aenA XAeK, aenI tevAe. wmne aenu> Xu> gme? XAmAte? )

wme aek bI#ne kevI rIwe mffZp WAaAe?

(6) wme wmArI k[ tev bflvA mAgAe CAe? XA mAte?

(7) wmArA> sgA>vhAlA> ivXe WAedu> kheXAe? (kAeN kAeN Ce? ”vBAvnA> kevA> Ce?) wme aene kyAre mLvA gyA> hewA> ane Xu> Xu> kyu® hwu>?

(8) kutu>b ivXe wmArA ivcArAe jNAvXAe? (bFA sÃyAe sAWe rhevAnA PAyfA, gerPAyfA.)

(9) wmArAmA> kyArey vAfivvAf WAy? XenA pr vFAre WAy?

(10) wmArA kutu>bmA> ifvALInA whevArAe kevI rIwe ]j–yA hwA? wmArA

ipwAÎInAe j…m ifvs kevI rIwe ]jvXAe?

(11) GrmA> pALelA pØANI ivXe wmArA ivcArAe jNAvXAe?


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myA®fA puzSAeQm BgvAn ÎI rAm

“rAmAyN” °hfu Fm®nAe aek ag∆ynAe Fm®gØ>W Ce. vAœmIik RiSae s>”k´w BASAmA> lKel aA XA”^mA> BgvAn ÎI rAmnA if–y lIlAcirÂenu> vN®n Ce. pØAcIn smymA> l>kAmA> rAvN nAmnAe rA# hwAe. mhAfev X>krnA aAXIvA®fWI KUb XiÚXALI b…yAe hwAe. weNe pAewAnI XiÚnAe ]pyAeg lAekAene herAn krvAmA> krvA mA>dyAe. RiSmuinaAe ane fevwAaAeae WAkIne rAvNWI bcAvvA BgvAnne pØAW®nA krI. BgvAne BÚAe ]pr fyA krI pAewe FrwI ]pr avwAr FrvAnI {√CA krI.

ayAe»yAnA rA# fXrWne ^N rANIaAe hwI. kAEXœyA, suimÂ ane kEkeyI. aA fXrW rA#ne ∆yA> rANI kAEXœyA WkI ÎI rAm BgvAne j…m FArN kyAß. BgvAn ÎI rAmnA ^N BA[aAe hwA, l’mN, Brw ane Xû¬n. BgvAn ÎI rAmnA> l¡n jnkrA#nI ifkrI iswA~ sAWe WyA> hwA>.

fXrW rA#ae ÎI rAmne gAfI aApvAnu> nÛI kyu©. pN kEkeyInI [√CA pAewAnA ifkrA Brwne gAfI mLe aevI hwI. weWI kEkeyIae fXrW rA# pAse be vrfAn mA¡yA>, ÎI rAmne cAEf vrs vnvAs ane Brwne gAfI mLe. ipwA~nu> vcn pALvA ÎI rAm rA~KuXIWI vnmA> jvA wEyAr WyA. sAWe sIwA~ ane l’mN pN j>glmA> jvA wEyAr WyA>. vnmA> anek asurAenAe nAX krI RiSmuinaAene BymuÚ kyA®. pAewAnA ”vZpnu> YAn aApI XbrI aAif anek BÚAenAe ]˚Ar kyAß.

rAvNe vnmA>WI sIwA~ne ]pAdI jvAnI yAejnA GdI. aek rAxsne mAyAvI sAenerI hrN bnAvI rAm-sIwAnI JU>pdI pAse mAekœyAe. sAenerI hrNne #e[ sIwA~ae rAmne ae hrN l{ aAvvA mAekœyA. mAyAvI hrNnI mffnI KAetI bUmAe sA>BLI l’mN pN ÎI rAmnI pACL gyA. b…ne BA[aAenI gerhAjrImA> rAvN sAFunAe veX l[ iBxA mAgvAne bhAne aAvIne sIwA~ne ]pAdI gyAe.

hrNnI pACL gyelA rAm – l’mN sIwA~nA gum WyAnI #N WwA> KUb fu:KI WyA ane cArey ifXAmA> sIwA~nI XAeF krvA lA¡yA. r”wAmA> wemne hnumAn~nAe BetAe W{ gyAe. hnumAn~ pN sIwA~nI XAeFmA> #edAyA. hnumAn~ l>kA j{ sIwA~nI XAeF krI aA–yA. sIwA~nAe pQAe mLwA> j ÎI rAme sIwA~ne CAedAvvA wEyArI krvA mA>dI. hnumAn~ ane bI# vA>frAaAenI mffWI firyA ]pr pUl bA>FI bFA l>kA phA≠√yA. fX ifvsnI ldA{ bAf BgvAn ÎI rAme fXerAnA ifvse rAvNnAe vF kyAß. l>kAnu> rAƒy rAvNnA nAnA BA[ iviBSNne aApI ÎI rAm pACA ayAe»yA pFAyA®.

cAEf vrsnAe smy pUrAe WwA> ÎI rAm ayAe»yA pACA aA–yA. we ifvs aAsAe vf amAsnAe hwAe. pAewAnAe aAn>f bwAvvA ayAe»yAvAsIaAeae a>FArI rAwmA> ifvAaAe sLgA–yA ane aA>gNAmA> r>gAeLIaAe pUrI. we smyWI aApNe we ifvse ifvALI }jvIae CIae. bI# ifvse ÎI rAmnAe rAƒy aiBSek WyAe ane rAm ayAe»yAnA rA# b…yA. lAekAeae nvA vrsnI ]jvNI krI. BgvAn ÎI rAmnA rAƒymA> sAE suKI hwA ane sAEne …yAy mLwAe hwAe. BgvAn ÎI rAme pAewAnu> aAKu> ~vn Fm®nI myA®fAnu> rxN krvAmA> vIwA–yu> hwu> aetle aemne myA®fApuzSAeQm khevAy Ce.


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”vA»yAy nIcenA vAøyAe KAetA> Ce. we vAøyAe suFArIne sAcA> vAøyAe lKAe. aek fAKlAe aApelAe Ce. fXrW rA#ne aek rANI hwI. fXrW rA#ne ^N rANIaAe hwI. 1. rAmAyNmA> BgvAn ÎI k´“NnA if–y cir^AenI kWA Ce. 2. rAvN ayAe»yAnAe rA# hwAe. 3. fXrW rA#ne C ifkrA hwA. 4. ÎI rAmnI mAwAnu> nAm kEkeyI hwu>. 5. BgvAn ÎI rAmnA l¡n rAFA~ sAWe WyA> hwA>. 6. ÎI rAm vnmA> jvA rA~ n hwA. 7. sIwA~ sAenerI hrNnI pACL gyA>. 8. hnumAn~ne sIwA~ m‘yA> nh¢. 9. rAm – rAvNnI ldA[ p>fr ifvs cAlI hwI. 10. ÎI rAm fXerAnA ifvse ayAe»yA pACA aA–yA. 11. ÎI rAme l>kAnu> rAƒy rAvNnA ifkrAne aA yu>. 12. ÎI rAmnA rAƒymA> GNA mANsAe fu:KI hwA.

GrkAm

After reading this article, answer the following questions in English.

1. What part of Ahmedabad is this article about? 2. What does the article suggest a tourist should do first? 3. What particular advantage does the padestrians have in Ratanpur? 4. Where does the article say you might particularly enjoy shopping? 5. Besides dry fruit and nuts, what else can one buy at the market? 6. Why would you not have to go hungry for long in the old town?

phelA> pØvAsIaAeae gAmnAe nøXAe l{ aAvvAe jUnA XhernA rwnpur jevA iv”wArmA> wAe cAlIne j jvAy Ce weWI gAdIaAenI BId nh¢ nde

wmAre KrIfInAe aAn>f mANvAe hAey wAe GNA> KrIfke…%Ae Ce wemA>WI aekmA> jvu> mANekcAekmA> frrAej b#r BrAy Ce. ∆yA> GNI #wnA msAlA wemj sUkAe mevAe wmne mLXe

wmne BUK lAge wAe ∆yA> GNA KAvAnI gAdIvALAaAe nA”wA vecwA hAey Ce

ahmfXAhe vsAvelu> jUnu> amfAvAf Xher #evA aAvAe!


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fUFmA> sAkr

vSAß jUnI aA vAw Ce. hAlmA> jyA> {rAn feX Ce we feXmA> pArsI lAekAe rhewA hwA.

pArsIaAenAe pAewAnAe jufAe Fm® Ce. weaAe ai¡nnI pU# kre Ce. wemnA m>ifrne aigyArI khevAy Ce. wemnI aigyArImA> sfAyne mAte aA piv^ ai¡n bLwAe rhe Ce. vSAß jwA> pArsIaAenAe kprAe kAL aA–yAe. muslmAn bAfXAh wemnA Fm®mA> fKl krvA mA>dyAe. vFwI jwI kndgwne #e{ne wemnA Fm®guzaAeae wemne ae feX CAedvAnI aAYA krI. feX CAedvAe wAe KrAe, pN jvu> kyA>? kyAe rA# aAtlA bFA mANsAene wenA rAjymA> rhevAnI r# aApe? ih>fu pØ# wemne jZr rxN ane shAy krXe, aevu> ivcArI wemNe ih…fu”wAn jvAnu> nÛI kyu©. aAm nkkI krI bFA pArsIaAeae pAewAnI GrvKrI vhANmA> BrI BArwnAe r”wAe lIFAe. we vKwe aAjnA jevI ”tImrAe hwI nh¢. pvnnI mffWI vhAN cAle. aetle BArwmA> k{ j¡yAae vhAN phA≠ce we nkkI nh¢.

aAm krwA> krwA> vhAN BArwnA piÌm kA>Te gujrAwmA> surwnI bAjumA> aAvelA s>#N b>fre phA≠√yu>. we vKwe surwmA> °hfu rA#nu> rAjy hwu>.

vhANne iknAre lA>grI pArsIaAenA WAedAk aAgevAnAe iknAre aA–yA. aA rAƒymA> rhevAnI r# levA mAte pArsIaAeae aek mANsne rA#nA frbArmA> mAekœyAe. frbArmA> aAvI pArsIae wemne kevA s>#egAemA> {rAn CAedvu> pdyu> we bFI mu—kelInI vAw krI. rA#ae XA>iwWI bFI vAw sA>BLI. ∆yAr pCI rA#ae ClAeCl BrelAe fuFnAe yAlAe m>gAvI pArsIne aA yAe ane kHAu>, “aA yAlAe wmArA aAgevAnne aAp#e. aAmA>WI jrA pN fUF DAeLAy nh¢ we #e #e.”

mANs wAe kA>{ smjyAe nh¢ pN aAYA pØmANe yAlAe aemnA aAgevAnne aA yAe. bFA ivcAr krvA lA¡yA ke aA fUFnA yAlAnAe XAe aW®? pN aAgevAn brAbr sm~ gyA. wemNe bFA pArsIaAene sm#–yA, ‘rA#ae s>feXAe mAeklA–yAe Ce ke surw rAƒymA> vswI GNI Ce wemA> wme bFA kevI rIwe rheXAe?’ pCI WAedI sAkr m>gAvI FIme FIme fUF DAeLAy nh¢ aem fUFnA yAlAmA> nAKI fIFI. ane yAlAe pACAe rA# pAse mAeklA–yAe. rA#ae pACu> aAvelu> fUF cAKI #eyu>. aAgevAne mAeklelA jvAbWI rA~ W[ pArsIaAene s>#NmA> rhevAnI r# aApI. hve nvA[ pAmvAnAe vArAe rA#nA frbArIaAenAe aA–yAe. pArsI aAgevAnAenAe jvAb sm#vwA> rA#ae kHAu>, ‘m≠ fUFnAe BrelAe yAlAe mAeklAvI kHAu> ke surwmA> vswI GNI Ce wAe wemA> wme kevI rIwe rheXAe? wenA jvAbmA> wemNe fUF mITu> krI mAeklA–yu>. jem fUFmA> sAkr BLI #y wem weaAe ah¢nI pØ# sAWe hLI mLIne rheXe.’

∆yArWI aAj suFI pArsIaAe BArwmA> rHAA Ce. gujrAwmA> gujrAwI W[ne rHAA Ce, ane gujrAwIne pAewAnI mAw´BASA wrIke apnAvI Ce. aAje wAe weaAe feXnA GNA BAgAemA> j[ne v”yA Ce. sAEWI vFu pArsIaAenI vswI mu>b{mA> Ce. fAfABA[ nvrAe~, jmXef~ wAwA, iPrAejXAh mhewA, kiv KbrfAr ane kiv mAlbArI jevI mhAn pArsI –yiÚaAe aApNA feXne mLI Ce.


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pArsIaAe [rAnWI BArw aA–yA ∆yAre weaAe pAewAnI sAWe ai¡n lA–yA hwA. ∆yArWI ]fvAdAnI aigyArImA> kAym aA piv^ ai¡n b‘yA kre Ce. ]fvAdA ae pArsIaAenu> mAetAmA> mAetu> wIW®”WAn Ce. aGrA XÀfAe: kndgw = herAn krvu> nIcenA vAkyAe »yAnWI vA>cAe ane sm#e. rA#ae wenA jvAbmA> fUFWI BrelAe yAlAe mAekœyAe. rA#ae wenA jvAbmA> fUFWI ClAeCl BrelAe yAlAe mAekœyAe.

bI# vAkymA> je ClAeCl XÀfnAe aW® ‘ yAlAe ClkA[ #y aetlA fUFWI ByAß hwAe’ aem WAy Ce.

”vA»yAy 1. pArsIaAene pAewAnAe feX XA mAte CAedvAe pdyAe? 2. rA#ae fUFWI BrelAe yAlAe mAekœyAe wenAe XAe aW® WAy? 3. pArsIaAeae fuFmA> sAkr nAKI yAlAe pACAe mAekœyAe wenAe XAe aW® WAy? 4. nIcenA vAkyAe BUwkALmA>WI vw®mAn kALmA> PervAe.

vhAN iknAre aA–yu>. lAekAe iknAre aA–yA.

pArsIaAeae pAewAnA aek mANsne mAekœyAe. 5. nIcenA vAøyAene vw®mAnkALmA>WI BUwkALmA> PervAe. rANAe fUFWI ClAeCl BrelAe yAlAe aApe Ce. aAgevAn fUFnAe yAlAe hAWmA> le Ce. rANAne pAewAnA pÓnAe ]Qr mLI #y Ce.

GrkAm nIce aApelA XÀfAemA>WI yAe¡y XÀf XAeFI nIcenA vAøyAemA> KAlI j¡yA pUrAe.

kArN ke ∆yArWI ∆yAre ∆yA> suFI pCI wAey

1. G>t vA¡yAe ame a>fr aA–yA. 2. ame aA–yA kAm krIae CIae. 3. ame kAm puz> kyA® cAepdI vA>cIae CIae. 4. vrsAf pdwAe hwAe ame bhAr rmvA gyA. 5. ame WAøyA bAgmA> rÕyA. 6. bALkAe hswA> hwA> nAtk rmU~ hwu>.


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ÎI Bgvf™ gIwA

h#rAe vrsAe phelA>nI vAw Ce. hi”wnApurnA rA# pA>dune pA>c ifkrA hwA. weaAe pA>dvAe wrIke aAeLKAwA. pA>du rA#nA mAetA BA{ F´wrAÔne sAe ifkrA hwA. weaAe kAErvAe wrIke aAeLKAwA. kAErvAeae lu√cA[WI pA>dvAenu> rAƒy l[ lIFu> ane pACu> aApvAnI nA pAdI. kAErvAe ane pA>dvAe v√ce ldA[nI XZaAw W[. aA [iwhAsnI kWA –yAs muinae lKel “mhABArw” gØ>WmA> lKAyelI Ce.

pA>dvAe BgvAnnA BÚ hwA ane wemnA pxe …yAy pN hwAe aetle ldA[ vKwe BgvAn wemnA pxmA> rHAA. ldA[mA> BgvAne kAe{ hiWyAr nhAewA> rA¿yA> pN pA>dvpu^ aju®nnA sAriW WyA hwA. aApNA ~vnne je sAce r”we l[ #y ae sAriW khevAy. BgvAn jevA sArA sAriW wAe kAe[ hAe{ j n Xke! ane jenA sAriW BgvAn hAey we ~vnnI ldA[mA> hArI pN n Xke! pA>dvAene Ble Kbr nhAewI pN wemnAe ivjy wAe ldA[ XZ W[ we phelA> j nÛI W[ gyAe hwAe.

ldA[nI XZaAwmA> j aju®ne pAewAnA> sgA>vhAlA>, guz ane imÂene sAmA pxe #eyA>. wenA mnmA> fu:K Wyu> ke p´«vInA aek nAnA rAƒy mAte mAre aA bFAne mArvA pdXe. lAKAe mnu“yAenI WnArI °hsAnA pApWI aju®nne bIk lAgI. ane weNe ldA[ krvAnI nA pAdI fIFI. aju®nnA mnmA> WyelA s>Xy ane aYAnne tALvA BgvAn ÎI k´“Ne aju®nne sAcAe Fm® sm#–yAe. aju®n ane BgvAn ÎI k´“NnAe aA s>vAf we j “ÎI Bgvf™ gIwA”.

vefAe ane ]pinSfAemA> je YAn Ce we j YAn BgvAne aju®nne wAju> krAvI aA yu>. aDAr a»yAy ane 700 ÍlAekmA> BgvAne je YAn sm#–yu> we YAn aAje pN °hfu Fm®nAe frek s>pØfAy mA…y rAKe Ce. BgvAn ÎI ”vAimnArAyNe gIwAne pAewAnu> aA»yA∆m XA”^ gNA–yu> Ce. mA^ °hfuaAe j nh¢ pN fuinyAnA frek Fmß gIwA~ne mA…ywA aApI Ce. fuinyAnI lgBg frek BASAmA> “ÎImf™ Bgvf™ gIwA”nAe anuvAf WyAe Ce.

aApNA ~vnmA> dgle ane pgle anek mu—kelIaAe aAve Ce. aA mu—kelIaAe aYAnne lIFe aAve Ce. gIwA aApNu> aA aYAn fur kre Ce. ~v, {Ìr ane mAyAnu> sAcu> ”vZp sm#ve Ce ane ~vn ~vvAnAe sAceA r”wAe bwAve Ce. aApNe KreKr Xu> krvAnu> Ce we sm#ve Ce. aA jgw BgvAnnI [√CAWI b…yu> Ce ane BgvAnnI [√CAWI nAX pN pAmvAnu> j Ce we s∆y vAw gIwA aApNne sm#ve Ce. aApNe je kAe[ kAm krIae we mA^ BgvAnne rA~ krvA mAte j krvu> #e[ae. km® krvAnAe aiFkAr aApNAe Ce pN wenu> PL aApvAnu> kAm BgvAnnu> Ce we vAw pr gIwAmA> BAr mUkvAmA> aA–yAe Ce.

ÎI k´“N BgvAnnA a>w»yA®n WyA pCI h#rAe vrs pCI ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne gIwAnA 700 ÍlAekAe wWA bI# anek XA”ÂenAe sAr kADIne 212 ÍlAeknI “iXxApÎ” aApNne aApI Ce.

”vA»yAy nIcenA vAøyAemA> je XÀfAe nIce lItI fAerI Ce wenI #edNI suFArIne lKAe. hu> fr sinvAre m>ifrnI gujrAwI inXArmA> BNvA #]> Cu>. mArI gAfInAe r>g pIrAe Ce. mne smAesA kAvAnI b] m# aAve Ce. ame gI kAle ênmA> PrvA ƒyA wA. mArA grnI pACr mAewAe bAg Ce. mAz> nAm aumeX Ce ane m≠ mArA fAfAne kAgr lKIyAe.


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biLyAe BIm BgvAn ÎI k´“NnA smynI vAw Ce. BgvAnnA aek PAe[ hwA>. wemnu> nAm ku>wA hwu> ane hi”wnApurnA rA# pA>du sAWe wemnA> l¡n WyA> hwA>. pA>du rA#nA pA>c ifkrA hwA. aA pA>cey BA[aAe pA>dvAe wrIke aAeLKAwA. pA>dvAe BgvAnnA Bøw hwA. Fm® ane …yAymA> mAnnArA hwA. BImsen bI# n>brnAe ifkrAe. BIm bhu wAkAw vALAe, aetle bFAy wene biLyAe BIm khewA. gfA PervvAmA> bhu hAeiXyAr.

pA>dvAene sAe ip^A[ BA[aAe hwA. aA sAe BA[aAe kAErv wrIke aAeLKAy. wemA> fuyAßFn sAEWI mAetAe. kAErvAe aFm¶ ane a…yAyI hwA. ÎI k´“N BgvAnne pN pAewAnA jevA sAmA…y mANs gNe. hve aAvA kAErvAene pA>dvAe kem gme? kAErvAe pA>dvAe ]pr {“yA® kre. wemne herAn kre. pN BImWI dre! fuyAßFn ivcAr kre ke #e BIm n hAey wAe aApNe pA>dvAene hrAvI XkIae. pN BIm wAe kAe[WI hAre aem nWI. wAe krvu> Xu>? fuyAßFnnAe aek mAmAe hwAe. aenu> nAm Xkuin. jevAe BgvAnnAe mAmAe k>s fu“t hwAe wevAej fu“t aA XkuinmAmAe hwAe. BImne mArI nAKvAnI aek yuiÚ mAmAae fuyAßFnne bwAvI. kAErvAeae aek ifvs ]#NInI gAeTvNI krI BIm sihw bFA pA>dvAene aAm>^N aA yu>. ]#NInI gAeTvNI aek su>fr wLAvne iknAre krI hwI. kevu> su>fr ae wLAv hwu>! iknAre srs m#nA> GtAfAr v´xAe hwA>. BImne lAdvA bhu BAve aetle kAErvAeae BIm mAte KAs #wnA lAdvA bnA–yA hwA. pN aA lAdvA aApNe KA[ae weWI WAedAk jufA hwA. XkuinmAmAnI slAhWI ae lAdvAmA> Jer BeL–yu> hwu>. sAE wLAvmA> nAHAA, rmwAe rÕyA. ane WAøyA aetle pet BrIne jÕyA. wemA> BImne wAe kAErvAeae KUb aAgØh krIne lAdu jmAdyA. jmIne sAE sU[ gyA. BIm ]pr FIme FIme JernI asr WvA mA>dI ane WAedIvArmA> wAe BIm beBAn W[ gyAe. kAErvAeae beBAn BImne wLAvmA> nAKI fIFAe. BIm wAe j[ phA≠√yAe Cek wLIyee. wLAvnA> wLIyAmA> nAg lAekAe rhe. BIm wLIye phA≠√yAe aetle bFA nAg lAekAe BegA W[ #evA mA>dyA ke aA kAeN aA–yu>. aetlAmA> nAgAenAe rA# vAsuik pN ∆yA> phA≠cI aA–yAe. vAsuik BImne aAeLKI gyAe. BImnA XrIrmA> Jer PelA[ gyu> hwu>. vAsuik ane bI# nAglAekAeae BImnA> XrIrmA>WI Jer cUsI lIFu>. JernI asr ]wrI aetle BIm pACAe BAnmA> aA–yAe. aAju bAju juae wAe pAewe nAglAekAeWI GerAyelAe hwAe. vAsuikae BImne pUCyu>, ‘aA bFu> kevI rIwe Wyu>? kAeNe wmne Jer KvdAvIne mArI nAKvAnI kAeiXX krI Ce? wmArA bI# BA{aAe kyA>?’ BIme bFI vAw krI. vAsuikne pN fuyAßFn ]pr gu”sAe aA–yAe. BImne iblkul sAru> W[ gyu> aetle nAglAekAe aene wLAvnA> bI# iknAre mukI aA–yA. ∆yA>WI BIm sIFAe hi”wnApur phA≠cI gyAe. bI~ bAju sA>je bFA pA>dvAe #¡yA. #gIne juae wAe BIm n mLe. aAju bAju bFe wpAs krI, pN BIm hAey wAe mLene? aAmey BIm aAvA wAePAn avArnvAr krwAe aetle aA pN aek wAePAn Ce aem mAnIne bFA hi”wnApur pACA v‘yA. fuyAßFn ane aenA BA{aAe mnmA> rA~ WwA hwA ke hAX! hve BImWI XA>iw W[. Gre aAvIne BA{aAeae #eyu> wAe BIm aArAmWI sUwAe hwAe. BImne jgAdIne pUCyu>, wu> kyA> hwAe? wLAv iknAre wne ketlAe XAe»yAe? wu> aAm kAe[ne kHAA vgr aAve wAe amne bFAne ketlI bFI °cwA WAy?

BIme gu”sAmA> aAvI bnelI bFI vAw khI. bI# BA{aAe pN gu”sAmA> aAvI gyA ane ver vALvAnI yuiÚ ivcArvA lA¡yA. ku>wAmAwAae bFAne XA>w pAdyA ane ver BUlI jvAnI iXKAmN aApI.


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aA s>ktmA>WI BgvAne BImnI rxA krI we bfl sAEae BgvAnnAe aABAr mAnI pØAW®nA krI. aGrA XÀfAe : gfA = aek hiWyAr, Mace …yAy = […sAP, Justice [“yA® = bI#nu> sAru> #e[ n XkAy we, Envy, Jealousy ]#NI = ]jmNI, Picnic or Party wiLyu> = Cek nIcenAe BAg, Bottom GerAyelAe = v¢tALAyelu>, Surrounded s>kt = wklIP, Problem

”vA»yAy 1. pA>dvAe kAenA pu^Ae hwA? 2. BIm XAmA> hAe>iXyAr hwAe? 3. BIm ne sIFAe krvA X◊nIae kAErvAene Xu> yuikw bwAvI? 4. kAErvAe kAenA pu^Ae hwA? 5. pA>c pA>dvAenA nAm lKAe. 6. fuyAe®FnnA mAmAnu> nAm lKAe. 7. lAdvAmA> Xu> BeL–yu> hwu>? 8. beBAn BImne kyA> nAKI fIFAe? 9. Jer kAeNe cUsI lIFu>? 10. ver BulI jvAnI iXKAmN kAeNe aApI? 11. nIcenA be ivBAgmA>WI ivrAeFI XÀfAe XAeFI #edlA> ( Pair ) bnAvAe.

fAKlAe : 1 - c 1 biLyAe k ]“N 2 bhu K kAcA> 3 cdvu> g CICz> 4 pAkA> G WAedu> 5 } >du> c nbLAe 6 XIwL C }wrvu> 7 ajvALu> j aXA>iw 8 KAlI J a>fr 9 rAw t pACL 10 XA>iw T ifvs 11 aAgL d a>FAru> 12 bhAr D Brelu>

12. smAnAW§ XÀfAe

wAkAw = XiÚ ajvALu> = pØkAX slAh = iXKAmN, BlAmN yuiÚ = aAvdw, krAmw


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13. ]˘gAr ich™n ( Exclamation Mark ). wLAv bhu su>fr hwu>.

]prnu> vAky sAfu> hkArA∆mk vAky Ce. ]prnA pATmA> aApNe aek nvu> ivrAmichn(!) #eyu>. aAne ]f™gAr ich™n( Exclamation Mark )khevAy Ce. je vAkymA> nvA[ ke aAÏy® bwAvvAmA> aA–yu> hAey wevA vAkyne a>we ]f™gAr ich™n mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. ]prnA sAfA vAky ne hve aApNe ]f™gAr vAkymA> PervIae ]prnA vAky ne aAvI rIwe pN lKI XkAy Ce. wLAv kevu> su>fr hwu> ! aA ]f™gAr vAkynAe jvAb pACAe sAfA hkArA∆mk vAkymA> j mLe Ce. 14. nIcenA vAkyAene ]f™gAr vAkymA> PervAe.

vAitkAaAe bhu m#nI Ce. BAejn bhu mITu> Ce. BgvAnnI mU•w bhu ZpALI Ce.

GrkAm nIcenAe p^ vA>cIne wenI nIce aApelA svAlAe nA jvAb aApAe.

23,hA[ rAed hAl®”dn l>dn

wA.6-8-2006 ipØy im^ mheX, jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN. hu> ah¢ m#mA> Cu>. aAXA Ce ke wu> pN ∆yA> m#mA> hAe[X. l>dn aAvI ne hu> wne wrw p^ nWI lKI XkyAe kArN ke hu> mArI nvI kAelejmA> rhevAnI –yv”WA krvAmA> bhu –y”w hwAe. hveWI smysr p^ lKwAe rhIX. mne ahI> nvI kAelejmA> h~ PAvwu> nWI, bFu> nvu> nvu> lAge Ce. h~ suFI kAe[ nvA imÂe pN WyA nWI, aetle aeklA wrvA ane fAedvA jvAnI m# pN aAvwI nWI. kAe[ sArA imÂe mLI #y pCIWI ksrw krvAnu> XZ krIX. wnee wArI kAelejmA> PAvI gyu> ke nh¢ we jZr lKje. KAs krIne wArI iÒketnI pØvíQ ivXe jZr lKje. mne Kbr Ce ke wne iÒketnAe BAre XAeK Ce. wArA mAwA-ipwAne mArA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN kheje. hu> nAwAlnI r#aAemA> mA…ce”tr pACAe aAvIX. aA be aTvAidyAnI r#aAemA> jUnI yAfAe wA~ krIXu>. il. wArA im^ preXnA jy ÎI ”vAimnArAyN vA>cje.

1. preXe wrw kAgL kem nhAewAe l¿yAe? 2. preXnA be XAeK jNAvAe. 3. mheXne XAnAe XAeK Ce.? 4. preXne kAelejmA> kem gmwu> nWI? 5. mheX kyA> rhe Ce? 6. preX mheXne mLvA kyAre jvAnAe Ce?


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lAFIbA[ ane mAwA~

ÎI~ mhArAjnA anek aekA>iwk BkwAe hwA. aekA>iwk Bkw aetle hmeXA> BgvAnnA j ivcArAe mnmA> rAKe wevAe Bkw. BgvAnnI aAYA lAepvAnAe mnmA> ivcArey n aAve. fAfAKAcr, sUrAeKAcr, su>fr~ suuWAr vgere aevA BÚAe hwA. BujnA> lAFIbA[ pN ÎI~ mhArAjnA> aAvA> prm aekA>iwk BÚ hwA>. mhArAjnI kAe[ pN aAYA kyArey lAepe nh¢. mhArAjmA> s>pUN® ivÏAs.

ÎI~ mhArAj aAvA BÚAe nI kyArek prIxA pN krI #ewA. aek vKw BujnA rA#nA pØFAn s>ufr~ suWArne ane surAKAcrne sAFu pN kyA® hwA. mhArAje aek vKw hswA> hswA> lAFIbA[ne kHAu>,‘lAFIbA[ amArI aek vAw mAnXAe?’ lAFIbA[ khe, ‘mhArAj pUCvA krwA> aAYA krI ŸaAene!’

ÎI~ mhArAje kHA>u, ‘wAe Ble. wme lAl b>gdI pherI, kpALe lAl cA>flAe krI, lAl sAdI pherI, }BI b#re W[ne feXlpr wLAvmA>WI pANInu> bedu> BrI aAvAe!’

lAFIbA[ ivFvA hwA>. lAFIbA[ ivcAr kre ke BgvAne pAewe j iXxAp^ImA> aAYA krI Ce ke ivFvA ”^Iae kpALe cA>flAe krvAe nh¢, hAWmA> b>gdI phervI nh¢ ane sFvA jevAe XNgAr sjvAe nh¢. ane aAje mne aAvAe XNgAr sjvAnI aAYA kre Ce! pACAe vLwAe ivcAr kre Ce ke BgvAnnI aA aAYA lAepAy pN nh¢ aetle BgvAnnI aAYA mujb sFvAnA XNgAr s~ lAFIbA[ cAœyA> pANI BrvA.

pANI BrIne pACA> vLwA> hwA> ∆yA> suFI wAe gAmmA> vAw PelA[ g[ ke ivFvA lAFIbA[ae sFvAnA XNgAr sjyA Ce. r”wAmA> lAekAenu> tAeLu> Begu> W[ gyu> ane lAekAe m—krImA> pUCvA lA¡yA>, ‘lAFI, kAenu> Gr mA>dyu>?’

mANsAenA mnmA> aem ke lAFIbA[ XrmA[ne aWvA bIne pACA> PrI jXe pN lAFIbA[ne wAe BgvAnnA inÌynu> bL hwu>. weaAe jrAy gBrAyA ivnA bAeœyA>, ‘”vAimnArAyNnu>!’

aAje pN #e kAe[ ivFvA aAvAe veX phere wAe ketlAy aenAe iwr”kAr krnArA nIkLe, wAe aAwAe bsAe vrs phelA>nI vAw! lAFIbA[ne mhArAjmA> ketlI bFI Î˚A hXe ∆yAre aemnAmA> aAtlI bFI °hmw aAvI hXe! lAFIbA[ pr mhArAj bhu pØs…n W{ gyA.

lAFIbA[ pr mhArAjne aetlAe bFAe BAv ke aek vKw lAFIbA[ gAdAmA>WI pdI gyA> ne beBAn W[ gyA>. aA ak”mAwnA Kbr mLwA> mhArAj wrw j lAFIbA[ne Ger aAvI ne }BA ane lAFIbA[nI sevAcAkrImA> lAgI gyA. lAFIbA[ mAte mhArAje pAewAnA hAWe fUFnI KIr bnAvI. we l[ne mhArAj pAewe lAFIbA[ pAse gyA. lAFIbA[ beBAn hwA>, mAeDu> KAelI Xke wem n hwA> aetle mhArAje velNWI lAFIbA[nu> mA≠ jrA phAeLu> krIne cmcIWI KIr pA[. aAm ^N ifvs suFI ÎI~ mhArAje pAewe pAewAnA hAWe KIr krIne lAFIbA[ne pA[ ane wemne sA#> kyA©.

]fypurnA> mhArANI JmkubA[ pN mhArAjnA> aAvA> j aekA>iwk BÚ hwA>. ÎI~ mhArAjnA mihmAnI vAwAe sA>BLI, mhArAj pAse j rhevAnI [√CA W[. aek ifvs rAwAerAw rAjmhelnA vEBvnAe ∆yAg krI, r”wAmA> GNu> fu:K shn krI, sIFA> mhArAj pAse gDdA phAe>cI gyA>. wemnAe aAvAe vErA¡y #e[ mhArAje wemne WAedAe vKw gDdAmA> rhevAnI r# aApI hwI. pCI wemne lAFIbA[ sAWe rhevA Buj mAeklI aA yA> hwA>. mAetI ]>mr ane rAjrANI hAevAWI sAE wemne aAfrWI mAwA~ khewA>. aAm GNA vrsAe suFI mAwA~ ane lAFIbA[ sAWe rhI mhArAjnA> Bjn kIw®n kyA®.


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aek ifvs acAnk lAFIbA[ae BgvAnnA FAmmA> jvAnAe inÌy kyAe®. aA ivcAr wemNe mAwA~ smx rjU kyeA.® ‘mAwA~, mAre hve aA XrIr CAedI mhArAjnA axrFAmmA> jvu> Ce.’ mAwA~ khe,‘pN mne wAe mhArAje wmAre aAXre rAKelI Ce. mne ah¢ aeklA> mUkIne jXAe?’ ∆yAre lAFIbA[ khe, ‘wme pN cAlAe mArI sAWe. jem ah¢ sAWe besIne BiÚ krwA> wem axrFAmmA> sAWe rhIne BgvAnnI sevA BiÚ krIXu>.’ mAwA~ pN lAFIbA[ sAWe BgvAnnA FAmmA> jvA wEyAr W[ gyA>. mnmA> BgvAnnA FAmmA> jvAnI [√CA krI ‘”vAimnArAyN, ”vAimnArAyN’nAe mhAm>^ jpwA> jpwA> b…ne jN XA>iwWI sU[ gyA>. sUwA> aevA> ke Cek axrFAmmA> j[ne }TyA>. bIje ifvse bÙenAe ai¡ns>”kAr sAWe j krvAmA> aA–yAe. aAKAy feXmA> aA vAw PelA[ g{. sAEne KAwrI W[ ke ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAn wAe mhA smW® Ce j, pN BgvAnnA BkwAe pN aevA j smW® Ce. ÎI~ mhArAje vcnAm´wmA> lAFIbA[ ane mAwA~nA ∆yAg ane vErA¡ynA vKAN kyA® Ce. ane wemnu> |“tA>w aApI kHAu> Ce ke jene BgvAnnAe inÌy hAey we BgvAnnA vcnmA> Per pAde nh¢ ane jem khe wem kre. mhArAj lAFIbA[ne Ger pFArwA ∆yAre je aAerdAmA> rhewA wene axraAerdI khe Ce. aAje pN ae aAerdI jemnI wem mAejuf Ce. ae aAerdImA> hAle mhArAjnA crNA•vf pFrAvelA> Ce. ane wenI nIce aek leK kAewrelAe Ce, jemA> l¿yu> Ce,‘ s>vw 1868 suFI ÎI~ mhArAj BujmA> rHyA wetlA ifvs in∆y ah¢ jmvA pFArwA. aÙkUtnAe ]∆sv pN ah¢ krel Ce. lAFIbA[ ane mAwA~ sAWe j feh∆yAg krI axrFAmmA> gyA> hwA>’ aAm lAFIbA[nu> Gr wIW®”WL bnI gyu> Ce.

”vA»yAy aAYA lAepvAnAe mnmA> ivcAr n aAve. aAYA lAepvAnAe mnmA> ivcArey n aAve.

bI# vAky mA> ‘y’ vAprI ivcAr ]pr BAr mUkyAe Ce ke aevAe ivcAr pN n aAve ‘kAe[nu> Gr mA>dvu>’ aetle ‘kAe[ sAWe l¡n krvA>’ 1. lAFIbA[ kAenA> BÚ hwA>? 2. lAFIbA[ae kAenu> Gr mA>dyu>? 3. lAFIbA[nI kAeNe ane ketlA ifvs sevA krI? 4. ÎI~ mhArAje lAFIbA[ ane mAwA~nI kyA XA”^mA> vKAN kyA© Ce? 5. nIcenA> vAøyAemA> KAlI j¡yA pUrAe.

1. ________ Bkw aetle hmeXA BgvAnnA j ivcArAe mnmA> rAKe. 2. ________ mhArANI JmkubA[ pN mhArAjnA> aek>Aiwk Bkw hwA>. 3. mhArAj lAFIbA[ne Ger pFArwA ∆yAre je aAerdImA> rhewA wene ________ khe Ce.

6. nIcenA vAkyAe #edAe. a b mhArAje lAFIbA[ne KIr pA[ kArN ke lAFIbA[nI prIxA krvI hwI mhArAje lAFIbA[ne bedu> BrI lAvvA kHyu> kArN ke wemne mhArAj pAse jvu> hwu> ah¢ jem sAWe wem mhArAj wemnI ]pr rA~ hwA JmkubA[ae rAjvEBvnAe ∆yAg kyAe® kArN ke axrFAmmA> pN sAWe


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ah¢nA wWA BArwnA hvAmAnnI srKAmNI yuu. ke. mA> cAr RwuaAe aAve Ce. vs>w, ]nALAe, pAnKr wWA iXyALAe. RwuaAe ane wenA

mihnAaAe aA pØmANe Ce.

Spring vs>w mAc®, aeipØl, me

Summer ]nALAe jUn, jUlA[, aAeg“t

Autumn pAnKr s teÕbr, aAektAebr, nveÕbr

Winter iXyALAe idseÕbr, #…yuaArI, PebuØaArI

iXyALAnI sKw T>dI bAf vs>w Rwu aAve Ce. vs>wne RwuaAenAe rA# khevAmA> aAve Ce. sUkA[ gyelA JAdAene nvI kU>pLAe Pute Ce. JAd ]pr su>fr r>gber>gI ‰lAe

bese Ce. ifvsAe lA>bA ane grm WvA mA>de Ce. vs>w p>cmI - iXxApÎ jy>wI, iXvrAÎ, hAeLI ane rAmnvmI - ”vAimnArAyN jy>iw jevA whevArAe vs>w RwumA> aAve Ce.

vs>w RwumA> KIlelA> ‰lAe ]nALAmA> PLAemA> pirNAme Ce. ifvsAe lA>bA ane rAiâAe t>UkI bne Ce. vAwAvrNmA> grmI vrwAy Ce. gurupUiN®mA, j…mAÔmI jevA whevArAe ]nALAmA> aAve Ce.


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sAme aAvwA iXyALAnI T>dIWI bcvA JAdAe pAeewAnA pA>fdA KervI nA>Ke Ce. sAmA…y rIwe aA RwumA> pvn GNAe vAy Ce. ifvsAe pACA tU>kA WvA mA>de Ce ane T>dInu> vAwAvrN PelAvA mA>de Ce. nvrAi^, ifvALI, beswu> vrs, BA[bIj vgere ag∆ynA whevArAe pAnKr RwumA> aAve Ce.

iXyALAmA> JAdpAn aArAm kre Ce. JAdpAn sAWe GNA pØANIaeA pN pAewAnu> ~vn s>kAecI aArAm kre Ce. ifvsAe iblkul tU>kA ane rAwAe GNI lA>bI WAy Ce. brP pde aetle T>dI vAy Ce. aAvI T>dI RwumA> whevAr pN aAvwA nWI.

ah¢nA ane BArwnA hvAmAnmA> Prk Ce. BArwmA> ^N RwuaAe aAve Ce. iXyALAe, ]nALAe ane cAemAsu>. yu. ke.mA> bAre mihnA vrsAf pde Ce pN BArwmA> mAete BAge cAemAsAnA cAr mihnAmA> j vrsAf pde Ce. BArw bhu ivXAL feX Ce aetle hvAmAnmA> pN GNAe wPAvw #evA mLeCe. piÌm BArwmA> aAvelA rAj”WAn ane k√C iv”wArmA> nihvw™ vrsAf vrse Ce ƒyAre ]QrpUiv®y (north-eastern) BArwnA aAsAm rAƒymA> cAemAsAmA> fuinyAmA> sAEWI vFu vrsAf vrse Ce. yu.ke.mA> aAKA vrsmA> jetlAe vrsAf vrse Ce wenAWI cAr gNAe vrsAf aAsAmmA> mA^ aek jUlA[ mihnAmA> vrse Ce. vrsAfnA aBAvWI rN iv”wArmA> mAetI nfIaAe nWI vhewI, pN ƒyA> sArAe vrsAf pde Ce aevA gujrAwmA> sAbrmwI, nm®fA ane wApI jevI mAetI nfIaAe vhe Ce. fixN BArwnA wAimlnAdu ane kerAlA rAƒymA> bAre mihnA sKw grmI pde Ce ƒyAre ihmAlynI wLetImA> aAvelA kA—mIr ane ihmAcl pØfeXmA> iXyALAmA> yu.ke. jetlI j T>dI pde Ce. ane yu.ke.nI jem j JAd ]prWI pA>fdA> KrI #y Ce. GNA }>cANvALA du>grAL BAgmA> wAe ]nALAmA> brP CvAyelAe rhe Ce. fixN ane m»y BArwmA> aAvelI mAetI mAetI nfIaAemA> pN ]nALAmA> pANI sukA[ #y Ce ƒyAre ihmAlymA>WI vhewI g>gA, jmunA, bØ˝pu^A jevI nfIaAemA> be vKw pUr aAve Ce. aek vKw cAemAsAmA> vrsAf aAve ∆yAre ane bI~ vKw ]nALAnA wApWI ihmAlynAe brP aAegLe ∆yAre.

aAm BArw bhu ivXAL feX hAevAWI aek j RwumA> feXnA jUfA jUfA BAgmA> hvAmAnmA> GNAe wPAvw #evA mLe Ce.

”vA»yAy 1. BArwmA> aAvwI ^N RwuaAenA> nAm lKAe. 2. k√CmA> mAetI nfIaAe kem nWI? 3. g>gA nfImA> be vKw pUr kem aAve Ce?


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4. kAEÆsmA>WI sAcAe XÀf ps>f krI KAlI j¡yA pUrAe. RwumA> #w#wnA> ‰lAe KIle Ce. (]nALAe, pAnKr, vs>w) vs>w RwumA> nAe whevAr aAve Ce. (hAeLI, ifvALI, nvrAÎ) BArwnA iv”wArmA> KUb aAeCAe vrsAf pde Ce. (aAsAm, p>#b, k√C) nfI gujrAwmA> vhe Ce. (g>gA, wApI, jmnA) nfI ihmAlymA>WI nIkLe Ce. (nm®fA, sAbrmwI,

bØ˝puÂ) BArwmA> RwuaAe aAve Ce. (be, ^N, cAr)

GrkAm

wme nIcenI #herAw vA>cAe CAe.

]nALAnI r#aAemA> wmArA> bALkAe Xu> krXe? wemnI feKBAL ame bAL pØvíQ ke…%mA> krXu>.

(Pkw 5 WI 13 vS®nA bALkAe mAte) ame nIce pØmANenI KAs sevAaAe aApIXu>

1. KAs wAlIm pAmelA iXxkAenI feKreK heTL rmwgmw. 2. frek pØvíw mAte yAe¡y sAFnAe ]plÀF. 3. ic^kAm ane s>gIwnI sArI wAlIm.

4. aTvAidyAmA> aek vAr bAg ke nfIiknAre ]#NI. smy: sAemvAr WI XuÒvAr : svArnA 9-00 WI sA>jnA 5-30

wA. 2~ aAeg“tWI 28mI aAeg“t. aTvAidyAnA bALk fIT PÚ 20 pA]…d

vFu ivgw mAte aAje j PAen krAe: 0800 100100 nIcenA> vAkyAemA>WI kyA> vAkyAe sAcA> Ce we jNAvAe.

1. aA bAlm>ifr pA>c vrsnA> bALkAe mAte Ce. 2. aA pØvíQ pA>cWI wer vrsnA> bALkAe mAte Ce. 3. aTvAidyAnAe bALk fIT Kc® p>fr pA]…d Ce. 4. ]#NI frrAej yAe#y Ce. 5. rmwAenI wAlIm mLXe. 6. ic^kAmnA vgAe® yAe#y Ce. 7. rsAe[kAm XIKdAvvAmA> aAvXe. 8. mAbApAe pN hAjrI aApI XkXe. 9. aA ke…% svAre sAdA nv vA¡ye KulXe. 10. aA ke…% sA>je sAdA pA>c vA¡ye b>F WXe.


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lplipyAe kAcbAe

aek gAmnI bhAr aek wLAv hwu>. wLAvne iknAre be duu>gr hwA. wLAvne iknAre GNA JAd pN hwA>. aek wAe wLAvnu> pANI ane ]prWI JAdnAe CA>yAe, aetle wLAviknAre srs m#nI T>dk rhewI. aAvI su>fr j¡yA pr gAmnA GNA mANsAe aAvIne beswA. r”we cAlwA jwA lAekAe pN pAewAnAe WAk ]wArvA wLAviknAre beswA. JAdmA> #w#wnA> p>KIaAe rhe. aAKAe ifvs aAmWI wem ]dyA kre ane rAw pde aetle pACA> JAdmA> aAvIne sU{ #y. wrs lAge ∆yAre wLAvnu> mITu> pANI pIae. wLAvmA> mAClA>, kAcbA, fedkA> vgere jLcr rhe. pN aek kAcbAe bhu bAelkAe. aAKAe ifvs vAwAe kyA® kre. gAmnA ke r”we jwA> je kAe[ wLAviknAree bese wenI sAWe vAwAe krvA m>dI #y. alkmlknI vAwAe kre. aek vKw mAnsrAevrnA be h>s ]dwA ]dwA wLAv pAse aA–yA. wLAvnu> ane wLAvnI aAjubAjunu> su>fr vAwAvrN #e{ wemNe ah¢ rAekAvAnu> nÛI kyu®. h>s aevA ZpALA ke kAe[ne pN #ewAnI sAWe j gmI #y. wLAvnA fedkAaAene aA b…ne h>s gmI gyA. wLAvnI mAClIaAene pN aA h>s gmI gyA. ane pelA kAcbAnI wAe vAw j Xu> khevI! aene wAe h>s bFAWI vFAre gÕyA. kAcbAne wAe vAwAe krnAr #e[ae. kAcbAnI ane h>snI fAe”wI W[. nvA aAvelA h>s sAWe alkmlknI vAwAe kre. kAcbAe vAwAe kre ane h>sAe sA>B‘yA kre. aAKAe ifvs kAcbAe ane mAnsrAevrnA be h>sAe sAWe j PyA® kre.

aAm krwA> GNA ifvsAe vIwI gyA. cAemAsAnA ifvsAe aA–yA. aAkAXmA> vAfLA> GerAvA lA¡yA>. vAfLA> gdgdvA lA¡yA>. vAfLA>mA>WI kyArek vIjLI

pN WvA lAgI. KUb #erWI vrsAf pdvA mA>dyAe. mUXLFAr vrsAf pdyAe. cAre bAju pANI pANI W[ gyu>. wLAv pANIWI ClAeCl BrA[ gyu>. mAnsrAevrnA h>sAe ivcAr kre ke aApNe GNA ifvsAe ah¢ rAekAyA. hve aApNe pACu> jvu> #e{ae. h>sAeae aemnA fAe”w kAcbAne pAewAnI [√CA jNAvI. kAcbAe khe, ‘mne pN sAWe


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lewA #aAe. mne pN mAnsrAevr #evAnI [√CA Ce. hu> wmArI sAWe aAvIX ane mAnsrAevrnA pANImA> rhIX, ane aApNI fAe”wI pN kAym rheXe.’ h>sAeae kAcbAne sm#vwA> kHAu>, ‘pN wu> amArI sAWe kevI rIwe aAvI Xke? ame aAkAXmA> }dwA j[ae. wu> }dI n Xke wAe amArI sAWe kevI rIwe aAvI Xke?’ pN kAcbAae wAe hT lIFI. ‘mne gme wem krIne pN sAWe l[ #aAe.’ h>sAe ivcAr kre ke hve Xu> krvu>? aek h>sne aek yuiÚ sUJI. aeNe kAcbAne vAw krI, ‘#e, aek ]pAy Ce. aek lAkdI l{ae. ame be jNA ae lAkdIne CedeWI pkdIa.e wu> ae lAkdIne vcmA>WI pkdje. ame }dIae aetle lAkdI sAWe wu> pN }dIX. pN aek vAwnu> »yAn rAKje. }dwA> }dwA> vAwAe krvA nh¢ mLe. aAKAy r”we wAre mU>gA rhevu> pdXe.’ kAcbAe rA~ W[ gyAe. mAnsrAevr jvA mLwu> hAey wAe WAedAe vKw m>UgA rhevAmA> Xu> vA>FAe Ce? yuiÚ amlmA> mUkI. h>sAe sAWe kAcbAe pN }dvA lA¡yAe. h>sAe wAe }>ce ne }>ce ]dvA lA¡yA. kAcbAe nIce juae wAe mAetA mAetA du>grAe pN nAnA lAge. wLAv wAe sAv KAbAeicyA jevA lAge. gAmnA> Gr wAe sAv tcUkdA> lAge. ane mANsAe wAe feKAy j nh¢. kAcbAe wAe nvA[ pAmIne aA bFu> #ewAe j rHAAe. mnmA> KUb j aAn>f pAmvA lA¡yAe. nvA[mA> ane nvA[mA> pAewe BUlI gyAe ke we kyA> Ce. ane mAeDAmA>WI ]f™gAr nIkLI gyAe, ‘aAehAehAe!’ bs! jevu> mA≠ KAeœyu> ke mAeDAmA>WI lAkdI CUtI g[ ane kAcbABA[ aAkAXmA>WI nIce pdyA. BgvAnnI fyAWI kAcbAe sIFAe j[ne aek wLAvmA> pdyAe. ~vwAe bcI gyAe pN mAnsrAevr #evAnI [√CA mnmA> j rhI g[. aGrA XÀfAe : vAwAvrN = Surroundings, Environment KAbAeicyu> = Puddle tcUkdu> = KUb nAnu>, Very small, Tiny

”vA»yAy 1. kAcbAne kAenI sAWe fAe”wI W[? 2. kAcbAe lplipyAe kem khevAyAe? 3. h>sAe kyA>WI aA–yA hwA? 4. kAcbAne kyA> jvAnI [√CA W[? 5. h>sAeae kAcbAne sAWe l[ jvA Xu> yuiÚ krI? 6. nIcenA vAøyAemA> KAlI j¡yA pUrAe. k. h>sAe nA rhevAsI hwA. K. kAcbAe mA> pdyAe aetle aene {# n W{. g. kAcbAne aAKe r”we rhevAnu> hwu>.


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GrnAe FNI

ÎI~ mhArAjnA smymA> ]kA KAcr krIne aek grAsfAr hwA. grAsfAr aetle nAnkdA> be-^N gAmnAe rA#. ae be-^N gAmnA> mANsAe pAewAnI kmANImA>WI rA#ne BAg aApe. jene aApNe tex khIae. aA aAvkmA>WI grAsfAr pAewAnu> gujrAn clAve. pAewAne kA>[ kAm krvAnu> nih, sIFI mhenw vgrnI kmANI. aetle fuinyAmA> jetlA> –ysn hAey we bFA> ~vnmA> aAve. aAm ]kA KAcr fAZ pIae, mA>s KAy, bIdI pIve. pEsA Kute wAe cAerI lU>tPAtey kre. aAvA pApI mANsne ÎI~ mhArAjnAe yAeg WyAe. mhArAjnI sAcI aAeLKAN W[. ]kA KAcrnI pApBrelI ~>fgI sAv bflA[ g[. hAWmA> fAZ-bIdInI j¡yAae mALA aAvI. mAeDAmA> gALAenI j¡yAae ”vAimnArAyN aevu> nAm bAelAvA lA¡yu>. –ysnAe bFA> CUtI gyA> ane BgvAn ane BgvAnnA s>wAenI sevA krwAe W[ gyAe. ]kA KAcr BÚ wAe b…yA pN h~ aekA>iwik BiÚ n aAvI. aetle #e[ae aetlI mnmA> XA>iw nWI. Bjn kre, mALA Perve, sevA kre, CwA> mnmA> aXA>iw! weNe ÎI~ mhArAjnA crNmA> mAWu> mUkyu>, ‘mhArAj, h~ vFAre fyA krAe. mnmA> XA>iw nWI. mALA-Bjn krwA> krwA> mn bIje Btke Ce.’ ÎI~ mhArAje slAh aApI, ‘s∆s>gmA> nIcI thel krAe. ae wmArI mALA ane ae j wmAz> wp.’ nIcI thel aetle nIcAmA> nIcu> kAm. sAPsPA[nu> kAm. bIju> kAe[ n kre wevu> kAm! mhArAjnI aAYA mAWe cdAvI ]kA KAcr sAPsPA[nu> nIcu> kAm krvA mA>dyA. s>wAe ane bhArgAmnA hirBÚAenA ]wArAnI j¡yAnI sAPsUPInu> kAm aemNe kAe[nA pN bwA–yA vgr ]pAdI lIFu>. ane kAm pN hA≠XBer kre. kAe[ pN #wnI Xrm ane s>kAec vgr kre. s>wAe }Te wenAWI vhelA }TI ]wArAnI aAspAs JAdU vALI nA>Ke. nfIae nhAvA jwA> s>wAene pgmA> kA>krA n vAge aetle r”wAmA>WI kA>krA vINI nA>Ke. s>wAe ne hirBÚAene aArAmWI cAlwA #e[ ]kA KAcrnA mnmA> bhu aAn>f WAy. s>wAe sBAmA> #y ∆yAre wemnA aAerdA vALIne sAP kre ane pAewe pCIWI sBAmA> #y. hve mhArAj vAwAe kre ∆yAre mn kyA>y bIje jwu> nWI. sUvA #y ∆yAre BgvAn isvAy bI# kAe[ ivcArAe aAvwA nWI. mnmA> sfAy aAn>f ane XA>iw rhe Ce. aek ifvs sBAmA> jvAnA r”wA pr kAe[ kUwz> bgAdI gyelu>. sBAnAe smy W[ gyAe hwAe. ketlAy hirBÚAe ae r”we W[ne gyA. r”wA ]pr bgdelu> #e[ne bAelwA #y, ‘ah¢ r”wAmA> kUwrA> bgAdI #y Ce wAey kAe[ sAP krwu> nWI.’ pAewAne sBAmA> mAedu> Wwu> hAey aetle kAe[ sAP krvA rAekAy nh¢. bAjuae KsIne cAle. ÎI~ mhArAjnI sBAmA> j[ne bese. mhArAj we ifvse sBA m»ye ivrAjmAn hwA, pN kWA cAlu krAvwA nWI. s>wAe pAse kIw®n pN gvdAvwA nWI. WAedI vAre bØ˝An>f ”vAmIae sBA XZ krvA mAte mhArAj sAmu> #eyu> pN mhArAj khe, ‘GrnA FNI h~ aA–yA nWI!’


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bI~ bAju frrAejnA inym mujb sAPsUPI krIne ]kA KAcre sBAmA> aAvwA> kUwrAae bgAdelu> #eyu>. #eyu> ke wrw j wemNe mL sAP krI nA¿yAe ane jgA FAe[ne sAP krI nAKI. pCI PrI nAhIFAe[ne sBAmA> aA–yA ∆yAre rAejnA inym krwA> GNu> mAedu> W[ gyu> hwu>. sBAmA> j¡yA aAeCI hwI aetle ]kABgw aAvIne aek KUNe besI gyA.

∆yAre mhArAje kHAu>, ‘GrnA FNI aA–yA.’ ane in∆yAn>f ”vAmIne kWA XZ krvAnI aAYA krI. kWAmA> bFA ivcAr kre ke gDdAnAe aA grAs wAe fAfA KAcrnAe Ce. gDdA fAfAnu>, frbAr fAfAnAe ane ]kA KAcr aA GrnAe FNI kevI rIwe? mhArAj aemnA mnnI vAw #NI gyA. pØBune Wyu> ke kWAmA> kAe[ »yAn aApwu> nWI bFAne svAl WAy Ce ke ]kA KAcrne GrnA FNI kem kHAA. kWA adFeWI rAekIne bAeœyA, ‘juaAe, GrnI sAPsUPInu> kAm kAenu>? GrnA mAilknu> ke mhemAnnu>? ae wAe jenu> Gr hAey wene j krvu> pde. mhemAnAene WAedu> j khevAy ke wme sAP krAe.’ aAm khI ]kA KAcr frrAej kevA aAn>fWI sAPsUPInu> kAm krwA, ane aAje sBAmA> kem mAedu> Wyu> wenI vAw krI bAeœyA, ‘]kA KAcrne s>wnI sevA krvAnu> jevu> –ysn pdyu> Ce wevu> sevA krvAnu> jene –ysn pde ane wevI sevA kyA® vgr aek xN pN n cAle, aenA a>w:krNnI wmAm miln vAsnAaAenAe nAX W[ #y Ce. mAte j ]kA KAcr amArA GrnA FNI.’

”vA»yAy 1. ]kA KAcr kAeN hwA? 2. ]kA KAcrne Xu> Xu> –ysnAe hwA>? 3. ]kA KAcrne kAenAe meLAp WyAe? 4. aA meLApWI ]kA KAcrmA> Xu> PerPAr WyA? 5. ]kA KAcre XA>iw meLvvA Xu> sevA krvA mA>dI? 6. GrnAe FNI kAene khevAy?

GrkAm - 1 mInlnI dAyrInu> nIcenu> pAnu> vA>cI pØÓAenA jvAb a>gØe~mA> aApAe. aAje mu>b[mA> mArAe phelAe ifvs Ce. aAje ame aeilP…tAnI guPAaAe #evA gyA> hwA>. mArA mnmA> aem ke guPAaAe aetle vAG, °sh vgere j>glI pØANIaAene rhevAnI j¡yA. pN aAje aeilP…tAnI guPAaAe #e[ ∆yAre mArAe ¿yAl sAv bflA[ gyAe. aeilP…tAnI guPAaAe mu>b[WI wer iklAemItr fUr aek tApu pr aAvelI Ce. getve aAeP […dIyAWI hAedImA> besIne jvu> pde. hAlkdAelk WwI hAedImA> besvAnAe anerAe aAn>f Ce. sAWe sAWe }CLwA> mAe#>WI bIk pN lAge. hAedInI sPr lgBg adFI klAk cAle. fUrWI aA guPAaAe hAWI jevI ivXALkAy lAge Ce aetle kfAc kAe[ a>geØje aA guPAnu> nAm aeilP…tA pAdyu> hXe. aAjWI aAXre bArsAe vrs phelA> aAKI guPA aek phAdmA>WI kAewrIne bnAvI Ce. b>frWI guPAaAe GNI }ÆcI Ce aetle bsAe pgiWyA> cdIne guPAmA> pØveX krvAnAe. guPAnI Cw ane fIvAlAe pr srs kAewrkAm krelu> Ce. GNI bFI mU•waAe pN p«WrmA>WI k>dArI Ce. aek guPAmA> BgvAn X>krnI bhu j mAetI mU•w pN Ce. bArsAe vrs phelA> krelu> kAewrkAm aAje pN nvA jevu> j lAge Ce. aA bFI guPAaAe #ewA> lgBg cAr klAk lAge pN aetlAe smy kyA> nIkLI gyAe ae Kbr pN n pdI.


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Where are Elephanta caves situated? How long has Minal been living in Mumbai? How old are Elephanta caves? Mention four things that Minal thinks about caves. Describe the boat journey to the island. Whose idol does she mention in the caves?

GrkAm - 2 nIcenI #herAw vA>cIne wenI nIcenA svAlAenA jvAb aApAe.

ivkAs klb nAnI mAetI wmAm ]>mrnA ”Î-puruSAe mAte a»ywn ane aArAmfAyk sgvdAe

rmwgmw tebl teins, teins, bed°mtn, ”nUkr, kAd®s™, ces wWA a>g ksrw mAtenA jZrI sAFnAeWI sƒj a»ywn ~ÕneiJym.

wrvAnAe hAej anuBvI wrvEyA mAte ivXAL hAej, bALkAe mAte alAyfAe nAnAe hAej, iXKA] wrvEyA mAte wAilmnI KAs sgvd ane frrAej sA>jnA 8 -00 9 -00 PÚ bhenAe mAte alAyfI sgvd.

bAlvAdI yAe¡y wAlIm pAmelA iXxkAenI feKreK heTL 3 WI 10 vS®nA bALkAenI s>BAL rAKvAnI sgvd. aAp XA>iwWI wrvAnI ke ksrwnI pØvíw krAe ane aApnA bALkAenI feKreK ame krIXu>.

BAejnAly vAwAnukuilw hAelmA> su>fr jmvAnI sgvd. gujrAwI, fixN BArwIy ke cA{nIJ Xu˚ XAkAhArI vAngIaAe mLXe.

”ÎaAe mAte alg X>´gArke…% (Beauty Parlour) nIcenAmA>WI sAcA vAøyAe sAme ( √ ) krAe.

1. aA #herKbr BAejnAlynI Ce. 2. aA ølb mA^ bALkAe mAte Ce. 3. rmwgmwnA sAFnAe sÃyAeae sAWe lAvvAnA rheXe. 4. wrvAnu> XIKvA mAte pUrwI sgvd Ce. 5. fs vrsWI ]prnA bALkAenI s>BAL wAlIm pAmelA iXxkAe rAKXe. 6. BAejnAlymA> mA>sAhArI BAejn mLI XkXe. 7. 3 WI 10 vrsnA bALkAe mAte ksrwnI sgvd Ce. 8. BAejnAlymA> p>#bI vAngIaAe mLI XkXe. 9. bhenAene X´>gArnI wAlIm mLI XkXe.


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sAcI hj

[rAknA bgfAf XhermA> XeK abfuœlA nAme aek grIb muslmAn rhewA hwA. GNA vrsAeWI wemne mÛAnI hj krvAnI [√CA WwI hwI. pN fr vrse kAe[ne kAe[ mu—kelI aAve aetle weaAe hj krvA j[ XkwA nh¢. CwA> hj krvAnA> ”vpnA> jZr #ewA.

aek rAwe weaAe sUwA hwA, wevAmA> GrnI pACLWI vAwcIw s>BLA[. brAbr sA>BLvA wemNe kAn srvA kyA® wAe kAe[ be mANs vAwAe krwA hwA. aek jN bI#ne pUCwAe hwAe, ‘fr vrse lAKAe mANsAe hj krvA #y Ce. wemne hjnu> pu≈y mLwu> hXe? KufA Xu> ae sAEnI pØAW®nA ”vIkArwA hXe?’ bI#ae kHAu>, ‘nA, bFAnI pØAW®nA wAe n ”vIkAre. ~>fgImA> jemNe sArA> kAmAe kyA® hAey wemnI pØAW®nA KufA jZr ”vIkAre. hjnu> pu≈y kAe[ nsIbfArne mLe Kz> ane aA vrse wAe KufAae hjnu> pu≈y abu nAmnA aek mAecIne aA yu> Ce. ane we pN aevAe mAecI ke je hj krvA pN nhAewAe gyAe.’ phelA mANsne KUb nvA[ lAgI. ‘hj kyA® vgr hjnu> pu≈y mLe we kevI rIwe! ae mAecI kAeN Ce? bI# mANse jvAb aA yAe, ‘ae mAecI fmA”ksmA> rhe Ce. KufAnI rIw aApNA jevA pAmr mANsAeWI sm#wI nWI.’ XeK abfuœlAae bArI bhAr #eyu> pN kAe[ feKAyu> nh¢. be jNnI vAwAe wAe atkI g[ pN abfuœlAnI }ÆG ]dI g[. bhAr kAe[ mANs n hwu> wAe aA kAe[ Pir”wA bAelwA hwA? wemne kem Kbr pdI ke hjnu> pu≈y abune m‘yu> Ce? ivcAr ]pr ivcAr aAvvA lA¡yA. aAKre aemNe svAre fmA”ks j[ abune mLvAnu> nÛI kyu® ∆yAre mnmA> XA>iw W[ ane }ÆG aAvI. bI# ifvse XeK abfuœlA phAe>√yA fmA”ks. pUCwA> pUCwA> abunA Ger pN phA≠cI aA–yA. pN GrmA> kAe[ hwu> nh¢. pAdAeXIne pUCwA> Kbr pdI ke bAjumA> rhewA kAe[ ibmAr CAekrAnI fvA levA bhAr gyAe Ce. WAedI vAr rAh #eyA pCI abu aA–yAe. abunAe pherveX #e[ne abfuœlAne nvA[ lAgI. sAv PAtelA> wUtelA> kpdA> pheyA® hwA.> pAewA krwA> pN grIb feKAwAe hwAe. g[ kAlnI vAw pCI yAf aAvI g[. aAvA mANsne KufAae hjnu> pu≈y kem aA yu> hXe? abuae aAvIne XeKnI mhemAngIrI krI. bpAere jmvAnAe smy WyAe hwAe aetle abuae XeK mAte rsAe[ bnAvI b…ne jNA sAWe jmvA beTA. h~ phelAe kAeiLyAe pN nhAewAe ByAß ∆yA> aek iBKArI BIK mAgvA aA–yAe. XeK abfuœlAne aA n gÕyu>, pN abuae }TIne iBKArIne pAewAnI bAjumA> besAdwA> kHAu>, ‘BA[, bes. KufAae mne je aA yu> Ce wemA> wArAe pN BAg hXe! aA rsAe[mA>WI wArAe BAg levA j KufAae wne a∆yAre ah¢ mAekœyAe hXe.’ abuae iBKArIne peØmWI jmAdyAe. jÕyA pCI abuae XeKne aemnu> ah¢ aAvvAnu> kArN pUCyu>. XeK abfuœlAae g[ rAwe pAewe je sA>B‘yu> hwu> we jNA–yu> ane pAewe mnnI XA>iw mAte abunI wpAs krvA aA–yA Ce we pN jNA–yu>. abu khe, ‘KufAnI vAwnI wAe mne Kbr nWI, pN aA vrse hu> hj krvA jvAnAe hwAe wenI mne Kbr Ce. m≠ pEsAnI wmAm –yv”WA krI rAKI hwI. hj pr nIkLvAnA aAgle ifvse mne Kbr pdI ke bAjumA> rhewAe aek CAekrAe bhu ibmAr Ce. wenAe bAp mArA krwA> pN grIb Ce. KAvAnu> nWI aevI hAlwmA> aA CAekrAnI fvA kem krAvI Xke? mne aA nAnA CAekrA pr fyA aAvI g[. hj mAte aekTA> krelA pEsA CAekrAnI sArvAr krAvvA m≠ wenA bApne aApI fIFA. KufAnAe aetlAe ]pkAr ke hu> wemne kA>[k kAm aAvI XøyAe.’ aA vAw sA>BLI XeKnI aA>KmA> aA>su aAvI gyA>. hve wemne sm#yu> ke KufAae hjnu> pu≈y abune XA mAte aA yu> hwu>. hj mAte BegA krelA pEsA aeNe aek grIb CAekrAnI fvAmA> vAprI nA¿yA ane pAewe hjnAe lAeB ane lAB jwA> kyA®. jmwI vKwe iBKArI aA–yAe, wAe


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pAewAnu> adFu> BANu> aeNe iBKArIne aA yu>. aA bFu> kyu® we aiBmAn ke bI# ne bwAvvA mAte nh¢, pN pAewAnI Prj sm~ne. ane peØmWI! aAvA j mANsAe KufAne gmwA hAey Ce. aGrA XÀfAe : Pir”wAe = KufAnA s>feXvAhk, Angel hj = mÛAnI yA^A

mAnvsevA ae j pØBusevA Ce. ÎI~ mhArAje pN iXxAp^ImA> kHAu> Ce ke grIb ane rAegInI ~>fgIBr sevA krvI.

”vA»yAy 1. abfuœlA kyA XhermA> rhewAe hwAe? 2. abfuœlAne kyA> jvAnI [√CA hwI? 3. KufAae hjnu> pu≈y kAene aA yu>? 4. hj mAte BegA krelA pEsA abuae kAene aA yA? 5. abuae iBKArI sAWe kevu> vw®n kyu®? 6. abune mLvA mAte abfuœlAae Xu> kyu®? 7. abune #e[ne abfuœlAne Xu> Wyu>? 8. iBKArI XA mAte aA–yAe hwAe? 9. KufAne kevA mANsAe gme Ce?

GrkAm

wme r#aAemA> BArwmA> wmArA gAm PrvA gyA CAe. nIcenI bAbwAenAe smAveX krI, wmArI mAwAne gujrAwImA> p^ lKAe. p^ aAXre 100 XÀfAenAe hAevAe #e[ae. wmArI musAPrI kevI rhI hwI? How was your journey? wme kyAre phAe>√yA ane kAeN levA aA–yu> hwu>? When did you reach there and who came to receive you? ∆yA>nu> hvAmAn kevu> Ce? How is the weather there? ∆yA> wme Xu> KrIfI krI? What shopping have you done there?


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XÀfAenI BUlBUlAmNI

aApNe ƒyAre lKwA> vA>cwA hAe[ae ∆yAre sAmA…y pNe “r”, “d” ane “L” v√ce lKvAmA> ane vA>cvAmA> BUlAe pdwI hAey Ce. kyArek aApNne Kbr nWI hAewI ke k[ #edNI sAcI Ce. aA BUlAe fUr krvA srKA lAgwA XÀfAenI #edNI ane we XÀfAenA aW® nIce jNAvel Ce. aA XÀfAe, wenI #edNI ane aW® pAkA krI yAf rAKvA. dIl = XrIr ifl = mn fIn = grIb ifn = ifvs k>W = piw, FNI k>T = gLu> pAiN = hAW pANI = pIvAnu> pANI pØANI = jnAvr ic>wA = iPkr, –yAiF icQA = Xb sLgAvvAnAe lAkdAnAe DglAe ~f = hT ~w = ivjy, sPLwA cAeKA = BAw cAe¿KA = sAP, ”v√C m>f = GImAe mf® = ih>mwvAn puruS, mf = aiBmAn mA> = a>fr mA = j…m aApe we, mÕmI purI = KAvAnI purI pUrI = aFurI nhI> we, aAKI vAw = vAwA®, bAelIae vAt = rAh, pgr”wAe bui˚ = aÛl bu¯I = GrdI ”Î, dAesI r>g = lAl, pILAe rg = lAehInI ns X”^ = ldvAnu> sAFn XA”^ = FAim®k pu”wk jg = fuinyA, jgw j>g = ldA[, yu pAd = ]pkAr, aABAr phAd = du>gr, pv®w pAf = pg fAbAe = fbAvvu> dAbAe = jmNAe nh¢ we pdI = pdI jvu> prI = pA>KAevALI (fairy) BAgAe = fAedAe BA>gAe = wAedI nAKAe XUr = ju”sAe, wAn sUr = ”vr, avAj, rAg sur = fev mAfA = ”Î, nArI #w mA>fA = ibmAr hAeLI = aek whevAr hAedI = vhAN buÃe = FAr vgrnAe bu¯Ae = dAesAe, GrdAe puruS pQAe = Kbr, mAihwI pÂe = kmr ]pr bA>GvAnAe dr = bIk fr = sAp,]>fr vgerene shevAnu> sULI = PA>sI sUdI = sAepArI kApvAn>u sAFn gAdI = vAhn, kAr vgere gA>dI = pAgl g´h = Gr gØh = p´«vI, m>gL (Planet) ”Î = bA[, nArI [”Î = pAsI (Iron) gAL = apXÀf, (Swear) gAl = mAeDAnAe BAg vAL = mAWAnA vAL vAr = ifvs vAd = fIvAl


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mAs = mihnAe mA>s = (Meat) mLvu> = BegA Wvu> mrvu> = mrI jvu>, (Die) nIcenA> vAkyAe suFArIne lKAe. 1. hu> mAsIne gre mrvA j[ hwI. 2. lwA pgiWyA> ]wrwA> prI ~. 3. mArI mÕmI kne wn lAl sArI Ce. 4. ame sAkmA> mIWu> nA>KI. 5. mArA gujrAwnI iXkAsk Fj he. 6. mne lAl r>g bAE Fj lAge Ce. 7. mArI benne btAkAnu> XAk b] BAve. 8. mArA fAbA hAWnAe a>gUTAe fuKe rAe. 9. mArAe nAnAe BA[ Zae Ce. 10. mArI kne be pgAe Ce.

”vA»yAy 1. anAj- pANI, PL- Pul, CAl- pA>fdA> vgere XÀfAenI #ed aApNe vA>cI.

FNI vKw ‘ane’ nI j¡yAae be XÀfAenI v√ce ( - ) mUkvAmA> aAve Ce. aenAWI XÀfAenAe aW® bflAwAe nWI. ah¢ anAj ane pANI, PL ane ‰l wWA CAl ane pA>fdA>.

2. GNI vKw be ivrAeGI XÀfAe v√ce pN aAnAe vprAX WAy Ce. fA. w. aAv-#, }T-bes.

be ivrAeFI ikØyAaAe vAr>vAr WwI hAey ∆yAre vAkymA> aAnAe vprAX WAy Ce. mArA kAm ]pr aAKAe ifvs mAre }T-bes krvI pde Ce.

kAm ]pr }TvA ane besvAnI ikØyA vAr>vAr krvI pde Ce. ij>fgImA> suK- fu:K wAe aA–yA j krwA> hAey Ce.

ij>fgImA> suK ane fu:K b…ne vArAPrwI aAvwA> j hAey Ce. 3. nIcenA XÀfsmUhAe vAprI vAkyAe bnAvAe. JAd-pn, ifvs-rAw, aAj-kAl, ]pr-nIce, hAW-pg, 4. sAenA jevu> aetle °kmwI. °kmwI kevu> ? wAe ‘sAenA jevu>’. kAe[ aek v”wunI bI~ jufI v”wu sAWe srKAmNI krIae wene ‘]pmA’ khevAy Ce. aA p«WrAe hIrA jevAe kTN Ce. hIrAe bhu kTN hAey Ce aetle p«WrnI kTNA[nI srKAmNI hIrA sAWe krI. p«Wrne hIrAnI ]pmA aApI. 5. ]prnA pØyAegne »yAnmA> rAKIne nIcenA XÀfAemA>WI yAe¡y XÀf ps>f krI KAlI j¡yA

pUrAe. mIT>u, sPef, mjbUw, KAtu>

lAeK>d jevu> . . . . . aA>blI jevu> . . . . . mF jevu> . . . . . fUF jevu> . . . . .


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50

vA£Sk kele…dr sAmA…y rIwe vrs aetle phelI #…yuaArIWI aek^IsmI idseÕbrnAe smy. kul 365 ifvs. wemA> bAr mihnA aAve. Ce. pN aApNu> °hfu kele…dr WAedu> jufu> Ce. cAlAe aAje aApNe aA b…ne kele…drAe ivXe vFAre #NIae. [>¡le…dmA> aApNe sAmA…y rIwe je kele…dr vAprIae CIae wene gØegerIyn kele…dr khevAy Ce. aA kele…dr sUy® }pr aAFArIw Ce. p´«vIne sUrjnI pirBØmNA krwA> je smy lAge we

aApNu> aek vrs. pN p´«vIne sUy®nI pirBØmNA krwA> 365 ifvsWI 6 klAk vFAre vAr lAge Ce. fr vrse aAvwAe aA 6 klAknAe Prk fr cAr vrse aek ifvsnAe WAy Ce. aApNu> kele…dr sUrjnI giwWI pACL n rhI #y we mAte fr cAr vrse, vrsmA> aek ifvs ]mervAmA> aAve Ce. aApNe aA vrsne lIp vrs khIae CIae we vS®mA> PebuØaArI mihnAmA> 29 ifvs aAve Ce. aApNI RwuaAe pN sUy® ]pr aAFAirw Ce. [>¡le…dmA> cAr RwuaAe aAve Ce. RwuaAe ane wenA mihnAaAe aA pØmANe Ce.

Spring vs>w mAc®, aeipØl, m≠

Summer }nALAe jUn, jUlA[, aAegÔ

Autumn pAnKr s teÕbr, aAeøtAebr, nveÕbr

Winter iXyALAe dIseÕbr, #…yuaArI, PebuØaArI aApNu> °hfu kele…dr c><nI giw ]pr aAFAirw Ce. c><ne p´«vInI pirBØmNA krwA> 28 WI 30 ifvs lAge. ae aApNAe mihnAe. aA mihnAnA phelA (pdvAnA) ifvse c>< phelI vAr feKAy. pCInA p>fr ifvs c>< mAetAe WwAe #y ane p>frmA (pUnmnA) ifvse c>< pUrepUrAe mAetAe WAy. aA p>fr ifvsnA pKvAidyAne suf ke Xukl px (ajvAiLyu>) khevAy. pUnm pCI c>< nAnkdAe WwAe #y ane amAs ne ifvse c>< iblkul n feKAy. aA pKvAidyAne vf ke k´“N px (a>FAiryu>) khevAy. aAm aApNA mihnAmA> be aigyArs-aekAfXI aAve Ce. vrsmA> aAvA bAr mihnA aAve. aetle aApNu> vrs lgBg 360 ifvsnu> WAy.


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51

aApNA FA•mk whevArAe aApNA aA °hfu kele…dr ]prWI nÛI krvAmA> aAve Ce. pN aApNne Kbr Ce ke RwuaAe wAe sUrjnI giw ]pr aAFAirw Ce. ane aApNA vrsmA> wAe aAKA 6 ifvs aAeCA WAy. pA>c vrsmA> aek mihnAnAe Prk pdI #y. aetle WAedA vrsAemA> aApNA whevArAe jufI j RwumA> aAvvA mA>de. muslmAnAenu> kele…dr ane wemnA whevArAe pN c>< ]pr aAFAirw Ce. aetlA mAte wemnI [f ke rm#n fr vrse aek j RwumA> nWI aAvwA>. pN aApNA °hfu whevArAe wAe fr vSß aek j RwumA> aAve Ce.

jemke nvrAi^ ane ifvALI fr vrse pAnKr RwumA> j aAve Ce.

hAeLI ane rAmnvmI fr vrse vs>w RwumA> j aAve Ce.

guzpU•NmA ane j…mAÔmI fr vrse ]nALAmA> j aAve Ce. ane iXvrA^I h>meXA> iXyALAmA> j aAve Ce.

∆yAre aApNne jZr ivcAr aAve ke aAm kem? aAnu> sAcu> kArN aApNA pØAcIn RiSmuinaAenu> KgAeLXA”^ (Astronomy) nu> YAn Ce. aemne sUy® ane c><nI giw ivXe pUrepUru> YAn hwu>. aApNA whevArAe ane RwuaAe v√ce sumeL jLvA[ rhe we mAte wemNe aiFk mAsnI sgvd }BI krI Ce. fr cAr ke pA>c vrse aApNA °hfu kele…drmA> aek mihnAe ]mervAmA> aAve Ce. ane aA mihnAe pN ƒyA> ∆yA> nh¢ pN aevI j¡yAae ]mervAmA> aAve Ce ke aApNA whevArAenAe RwuaAe sAWe brAbr sumeL jLvA[ rhe. aApNA mAte aA aiFk mAs GNAe piv^ gNAy Ce. BArwmA> yu. ke.nI jem cAr RwuaAe nWI aAvwI pN ^N j aAve Ce. aA RwuaAe ane aApNA mihnAaAe aA pØmANe Ce.

iXyALAe kArwk, mAgXr, pAeS, mhA

]nALAe PAgN, cE^, vEXAK, jeT

cAemAsu> aASAD, ÎAvN, BAfrvAe, aAsAe


ILLESDEN

52

aApNA whevArAe aApNe #w#wnA whevArAe ]jvIae CIae, jevAke ifvALI, hAeLI, rAmnvmI, rxAb>Fn vgere. frek whevArnAe mihmA jufAe hAey Ce. sAmA…y rIwe whevArAene ^N ivBAgmA> vhe>cI XkAy. FA•mk, sAmAijk wWA rAÔÏy. GNA whevArAene aek krwA> vFAre ivBAgmA> pN vhe≠cI XkAy wem hAey Ce. aAje aApNe aA ^N pØkArnA whevArAe ivXe #NIae. 1. FA•mk whevArAe. je whevArAenI pACL mu¿y∆ve FA•mk ]˘eX hAey wevA whevArAe FA•mk whevArAe khevAy Ce. aAvA whevArAemA> mu¿y∆ve BgvAnnA j…mifvsAe aAve Ce. j…mAÔmInA ifvse aApNe ÎI k´“N BgvAnnAe j…m ifvs ]jvIae CIae. rAmnvmInA ifvse aApNe ÎI rAmc>< BgvAn wWA aApNA ]pA”y [“tfev ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAnnAe pØAgty ifvs ]jvIae CIae. aApNA s>pØfAynA bFA m>ifrAemA> aA ifvse BgvAnnA pØAgtynI aArwI bhu FAmFumWI ]wArvAmA> aAve Ce. aekAfXI pN aek FA•mk whevAr j Ce. aA ifvse iXxApÎnI aAYA anusAr sAE s∆s>gIaAe ]pvAs kre Ce. guzpU•NmAnA ifvse aApNe aApNA gurunu> pUjn krIae CIae. ane aA j ifvse aApNA ivœsdn m>ifrnAe pAtAe∆sv pN ]jvIae CIae. BgvAn ÎI rAm cAEf vrsnA vnvAs bAf ayAe»yA pACA pFAyA® we ifvALInA ifvse aApNe GrAemA> fIvA pØgtAvIae CIae. ane BgvAn pACA pFAyA® aenI KuXAlImA> PtAkdA PAedI aAn>f –ykw krIae CIae. ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne aApNne X>kr BgvAnnAe j…mifvs - iXvrAÎ, gNeX~nAe j…mifvs - gNeX cAeW ane hnumAn jy>iw - cE^ suf pUnm vgere ifvsAe pN FAmFUmWI ]jvvAnI aAYA krI Ce. PAgN suf pUnm aetle hAeLInA ifvse BgvAn nr°sh Zpe pØgt W[ BÚ pØhlAfnI rxA krI hwI. mhA suf pA>cm aetle vs>w p>cmInAe ifvs aetle iXxApÎ jy>iw. aA ifvse aApNe iXxApÎnu> vA>cn wWA pUjn krIae CIae. 2. sAmAijk whevArAe. aAvA whevArAe frek s>pØfAynA mANsAe ]jvwA hAey Ce. #eke GNA sAmAijk whevArAenI pACL FA•mk [iwhAs pN rhelAe hAey Ce. ÎAvN suf pUnmnA ifvse aApNe rxAb>FnnAe whevAr ]jvIae CIae. aA ifvse bhenAe pAewAnA BA[aAene rAKdI bA>Fe Ce. bflAmA> BA[ bhenne Bet aApe Ce ane bhennA rxNnI jvAbfArI ”vIkAre Ce. kArwk suf pdvAnAe ifvs aetle nvA vrsnAe phelAe ifvs. aA ifvse aApNe sAE sgAsb>FIaAene mLIne nvA vrsnI XuBe√CAaAe pATvIae CIae. aA ifvse BgvAn ÎI rAmnAe rAƒyiBSek WyAe hwAe. ∆yArWI aApNe aA ifvsne vrsnAe phelAe ifvs gNIae CIae. aA ifvse aApNe jufIjufI vAngIaAenA WAL bnAvI BgvAn aAgL FrIae CIae. nvA vrsnA bI# ifvse aApNe BA[bIj ]jvIae CIae. aA ifvse bhenAe pAewAnA BA[ne peØmpUv®k jmAde Ce. hAeLInA bI# ifvse aApNe FULetI ]jvIae CIae. aA ifvse aApNe aek bI# ]pr r>g ]dAdI KuXAlI –ykw krIae CIae. aApNA s>pØfAymA> aA ifvs nrnArAyN jy>iw wrIke pØ¿yAw Ce. aA ifvse BgvAn ÎI nrnArAyN fevne ‰lnA °hdAeLAmA> JUlAvvAmA> aAve Ce. 3. rAÔÏy whevArAe. feX - rAÔ¨ sAWe sb>F FrAvwA whevArAene rAÔÏy whevArAe khevAy Ce. p>frmI aAegÔnA ifvse BArw feX ibØtIX sAXnmA>WI ”vw>^ WyAe hwAe aetle aApNe aA ifvs ”vw>^wA ifvs wrIke ]jvIae CIae. C–vIsmI #…yuaArInAe ifvs BArwnA pØ#sQAkifn wrIke ]jvAy Ce. feXnI aAJAfI ane ]Ùiw mAte je rAjkIy newAaAenAe PALAe amUœy hAey wevA newAaAenA j…mifvsAe pN rAÔÏy whevAr wrIke ]jvAy Ce. jemke BArwmA> bI~ aAektAebr gA>FIjy>iw ane cAEfmI nveÕbr nhezjy>iw wrIke ]jvAy Ce.


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yu.ke.mA> aApNe FA•mk whevArAemA> ÒIsms wWA [”tr, sAmAijk whevArAemA> phelI #…yuaArI wWA rAÔÏy whevArAemA> rANInAe j…mifvs ]jvIae CIae. ameirkAmA> We…ksgIv¢g ifvs sAmAijk whevAr wrIke ane cAeWI julA[ ”vw>^wA ifvs wrIke ]jvAy Ce.

”vA»yAy

be sAmsAmA kAelmmA>WI #edkA> bnAvAe. fAKlAe 1 – G

1 FA£mk whevAr k kArwk suf aekm 2 sAmAijk whevAr K p>frmI aAegÔ 3 rAiÔÿ whevAr g rAmnvmI 4 ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAnnAe j…mifvs G j…mAÔmI 5 nvu> vrs c rxAb>Fn 6 gA>FI jy>iw C vs>w p>cmI 7 iXxApÎ jy>iw j bI~ aAeøtAebr

aek XAknI fukAnmA> aA pØmANe BAv Ce.r¢gN £2.50 per kg. tmetA> £0.85 per kg. btetA> £0.75 per kg.

gAjr £0.45 per kg. keLA £1.50 per kg.

<Ax £2.00 per kg. sPrjn £1.20 per kg.

You buy following from this shop. 2 kg. aubergine, 1 kg, apples, 3 kg. Grapes, 2 kg bananas, 1 kg each of tomatoes, potatoes and carrots. How much would you pay in total? Answer in Gujarati (words).

GrkAm

kAEÆsmA> aApelA ikØyApf (Verb)ne yAe¡y #iw (Gender) ane kAL (Tense) pØmANe PervIne KAlI j¡yAmA> lKAe. vAkyAe bnAvwI vKwe kAL ane #iw »yAnmA> le#e.

1. mne vAwA® gme Ce. (sA>BLvu>) 2. fdAe vAgwA> bArInAe kAc gyAe. (wUtvu>) 3. KedUw aAKAe ifvs kAm krIne gyAe. (WAkvu>) 4. bAae rAetlAe ane m≠ rAetlI . (KAvu>) 5. FAebI kpdA> hwAe ane FAebN kpdA> hwI. (FAevu>, sUkvvu>) 6. jmI lIFA pCI m≠ rsAedu> . (sAP krvu>) 7. Xher fUr Ce aetle ame vhelA . (nIkLvu>) 8. j¡yA g>fI hwI aetle hu> . (ibmAr Wvu>)


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BgvAn ÎI”vAimnArAyN

ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAnnAe j…m CpEyAmA> s>vw™ 1837nI cE^ suf nvmIae WyAe hwAe. anek bALlIlAaAe krI CpEyA ane ayAe»yAnA lAekAene GNAe aAn>f aA yAe. pAewAnA ipwA~ pAseWI XA”^AenAe aÃyAs kyAe® hwAe. wemnA ipwA Gm®fev ane mAwA BikwfevIne axrGAmnu> suK aApI, fuinyAmA> s˚m®nI PrIWI ”WApnA krvA Gr mUkI j>glmA> cAlI nIk‘yA. ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne inlk>TvN§ veXe sAw vrs suFI j>glmA> kTN ~vn ivwA–yu>.

sAw vrsnA vnivcrN bAf BgvAn lAeej gAme aAvelA rAmAn>f ”vAmInA aAÎmmA> pFAyA®. rAmAn>f ”vAmIae inlk>TvN§ne fIxA aApI sh#n>f ”vAmI aevu> srs nAm aA yu>. guru rAmAn>f ”vAmI axrGAmmA> jwA> phelA> sh#n>f ”vAmIne s>pØfAynI Fm®FUrA sA≠pI gyA hwA.

ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne aA s>pØfAyne aAKAy BArwmA> PelAvI aAsurI w∆vAene fur krIne PrIWI s˚m®nAe PelAvAe kyAe®. aApNAe aA s>pØfAy Biv“ymA> vFune vFu ivkAs pAmwAe #y ane nvA s∆s>gIaAene mAg®fX®n mLwu> rhe we mAte BgvAne mu¿y cAr kAm kyA®. jem KAtlAne brAbr mjbUw bnAvvA cAr pAyAnI jZr pde wevI j rIwe s∆s>gne mjbUw bnAvvA BgvAne s∆s>g ne cAr pAyA aA yA. aA cAr pAyA ivXe aApNe hve #e[ae. 1. fev ane m>ifr. ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne pAewAnI hAjrImA> amfAvAf, vdwAl, Buj, gDdA, jUnAgD, FAelerA vgere gAmAemA> mAetA> m>ifrAe b>FA–yA> Ce. aA m>ifrAemA> BgvAne pAewAnA hAWe pAewAnA> j jufA> jufA> ”vZpAenI pØiw“TA krI Ce. aAm #e[ae wAe ÎI nrnArAyN BgvAn, ÎI l’mInArAyN BgvAn, ÎI gAepInAW~ BgvAn vgere fevAe jufA jufA lAge pN BgvAne pAewe j kHy>u Ce ke aA bFA> ”vZpAe wemnA> pAewAnA> j Ce. aA ”vZpAemA> BefBAv juae wene wAe BgvAne guru%AehI ane asur kHyAe Ce. mAte aApNe BgvAnnA kAe[ pN ”vZpmA> Bef n smjvA. BgvAn pAewAnI [√CAWI j jufA jufA ”vZpAe Fre Ce. pN ”vAimnArAyN BgvAn wAe sv® avwArnA avwArI Ce.


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2. Fm®v>XI aAcAy®. s>pØfAynI yAe¡y –yv”WA krvA mAte ane hirBkwAene Fm®mA> vwA®vvA mAte ÎI hirae pAewe j pAewAnA BÎ#aeAne aAcAy®pf sAe> yu> Ce. s∆s>gnA amfAvAf feX ane vdwAl feX aem be ivBAg krI b…ne feXAenI gAfI ]pr aek aek aAcAy®ne besAdyA Ce. aA aAcAy®pf BgvAne pr>prAgw pAewAnA j kuLmA> ”WApn krel Ce. iXxApÎmA> BgvAne sve® s∆s>gIaAene aAcAy® mhArAjÎInI aAYAmA> rhevAnAe aAfeX kyAe® Ce. nvA> m>ifrAe bnAvvA>, wemA> BgvAnnI mU•waAenI ”WApnA krvI wWA nvA s>wAene fIxA aApvI ae kAm mA^ aAcAy®ÎI j krI Xke. hAlnA amfAvAf feXnA aAcAy®ÎI kAEXle…%pØsAf~ mhArAj ane vdwAl feXnA aAcAy®ÎI rAkeXpØsAf~ mhArAj Ce. 3. s>wAe. axrFAmmA>WI BgvAn ƒyAre aA fuinyAmA> aA–yA ∆yAre s>wAe pN wemnI sAWe j aA–yA hwA. s∆s>gnI rIw mujb BgvAne wemne ∆yAgInI fIxA aApI hwI. aAje wAe aApNA s>pØfAymA> h#rAe s>wAe Ce. ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAnnI aAYA mujb je s>wAeae Fm®v>XI aAcAy® mhArAjÎI pAseWI fIxA lIFI hAey we j s>pØfAynA sAcA s>wAe Ce. 4. sw™XA”Âe.

iXxApÎmA> ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne cAr vef, ÎImf™ BAgvw, vAsufev mAhA∆Õy, Bgvf™gIwA, iv“NushsØ nAm, yAYvœky ”míw, ivfurnIiw ane –yAssU^ aem aAT XA”Âe mu¿y mAnelA> Ce. aApNA sAEnA kœyAN mAte ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne pAewe aApNne iXxApÎ aApI wenI aAYA pØmANe aApNne vw®vAnu> kHyu> Ce. we ]prA>w BgvAnnI aAYAWI s>wAeae ymf>d, s∆s>gI ~vn, s∆s>gI BUSN, puruSAeQmpØkAX vgere XA”ÂenI rcnA krI Ce. BgvAn kWAmA> je ]pfeX aApwA wenI vAwAe vcnAm´wmA> lKelI Ce. ÎI hrInA ”vFAm pFAyA® bAf nvA XA”Âene mA…ywA aApvAnI jvAbfArI Fm®v>XI aAcAyAe®nI Ce. BgvAnnI ke aAcAyAe®nI r# ane aAYA vgr bnelA g>ØWAe aApNA s∆s>gnA> XA”Âe gNAy nh¢.

”vA»yAy a∆yAr suFI aApNe adFAe ‘w’ aAvI rIwe lKwA – ‘∆’ . pN aAvAe adFAe axr XÀfne Cede aAve ∆yAre we axr pUrAe lKI wenA nIce ‘ ™’ ic…h™ mUkvu>. pN ‘ ™ ’ane ‘ U ’ jufI rIwe lKAy Ce. be v√ce je Prk Ce we »yAnmA> rAKvAe. ]prnA inb>FmA> aAvA XÀfAe aA–yA hwA. jevA ke ‘s>vw™’, ‘ÎImf™’ wWA ‘Bgvf™’.


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k√C ane k√CnA vwnIaAe k√CnI levA ptel YAiw wWA aApNI atknI smjN

gujrAw rAjyne 22 ijœlAaAemA> vh≠cvAmA> aA–yu> Ce. k√C aemA>nAe aek ijœlAe Ce. k√C

gujrAw rAƒynI piÌm bAŸae pAik”wAnne adIne aAvelAe Ce. k√CnAe iv”wAr 45,692 cAe. kI.mI. Ce. aAm k√C mA^ gujrAwnAe j nh¢ pN aAKAy BArwnAe mAetAmA> mAetAe ijœlAe Ce. k√CnI v”wI aAXre 13 lAKnI Ce. (a>kAemA> wer lAK aAm lKAy 13,00,000). k√CmA> 949 gAmdA> ane 10 Xher aAvelA> Ce. Buj, a>#r, mA>dvI, mu…<A, gA>GIFAm mAetA> XherAemA> gNAvI XkAy.

k√CnA mANsAe mAete BAge pXupAln ane KewI ]pr nBe Ce. KewImA> kpAs, mgPLI G]Æ ane bAjrAe mu¿y pAk Ce. k√CnI BrwkLA BArwBrmA> #NIwI Ce. k√CmA> WAedAGNA ]\AegAe pN Ce. jemA> mIfi> wEyAr krvAnA> ane ism≠tnA kArKAnA mu¿y gNI XkAy. k√CnI FrwI anek KnI#eWI BrI pdI Ce. aemA> kAelsAe, bAeksA[t ane il¡nA[t gNAvI XkAy. pA…FØAemA> il¡nA[tWI vIjLI pefA krvAnu> ivjLIGr (pAvr”teXn) aAvelu> Ce. nilyAnI bAŸmA> aeiXyAnu> sAEWI mAe›> ism≠tnu> kArKAnu> aAvelu> Ce. k>dlA BArwnA mAetA> b>frAemA>nu> aek Ce. ah¢WI mAetI ”tImrAenI avrjvr WAy Ce.

k√CnAe mAetAe BAg rN iv”wArnAe Ce. vLI vrsAf pN aAeCAe ane ainyimw aAve Ce. aetle k√CnA mANsAe vepArF>FA ane rAe~rAetInI XAeFmA> aek gAmWI bIje gAm ane pCI bI# pØfeXmA> ane Cevte prfeXnI FrwI pr phA≠√yA Ce. BArwnA mu>b{, klkQA, amfAvAf ane vdAefrA jevA GNA mAetA> XherAemA> k√CnA vwnIaAe #evA mLe Ce. ivfeXmA> m”kw, ‹b[, ke…yA, yugA>dA, tA…JAnIyA, yu. ke. ane ameirkA vgere feXAemA> pN k√CIaAe j[ v”yA Ce. aek a>fAj pØmANe k√CmA> vswA k√CIaAe krwA> fAeD gNA k√CIaAe k√CnI bhAr vse Ce.


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aApNI levA ptel YAiwnI v”wI k√CnA cAevIs gAmAemA> vsvAt kre Ce. we cAevIs gAmAenA nAm aA pmANe Ce. kerA, kAedkI, ◊>fnpur, gAedpur, fhI>>>>srA, nArNpur(2), nA>glpur, PAetdI, bLifyA, BArAsr, mAFApur, mAn◊vA, imrJApur, meGpur, mA>dvI, rAmpur, vAdAsr, vekrA, srlI, sAm^A, suKpur (]gmNu>-Buj), suKpur (rAehA-aAWmNu>) wWA surjpur. levA ptel kAemnI a>fAje aek lAKnI v”wImA>WI adFAWI vFAre lAekAe prfeX vse Ce.

levA ptel kNbI pN khevAy Ce. aApNI YAiwmA> GNI atkAe Ce. atk ]prWI ◊›>bnI aAeLKAN WAy Ce. aApNe ptel CIae aetle GNA lAekAe ptel atk vApre Ce. GNA lAekAe phelI vKw prfeX jwI vKwe PAem®mA> atknI j¡yAae fAfAnu> nAm Brelu> aetle vKw jwA> ae atk bnI g[. pN aenAWI ◊›>bnI pUrI aAeLK n nIkLI Xke. kAE›>ibk rIwe aApNAmA> rAbdIyA, hAlA[, vekrIaA, BudIyA, mepANI, gAmI, ihrANI, kerA[, B>derI, vrsANI, ip>dAerIaA wWA gAersIaA mu¿y atkAe Ce. smy jwA> mu¿y atkAemA>WI petA atkAe WvA mA>dI. jemke kArA, kAbrIaA, rAGvANI vgere. ketlAk ◊›>bAe pAewAnA vdvAaAe ]prWI pAewAnI aAgvI atkAe vAprvA mA>dyA. jemke jesANI, svANI, pA>cANI vgere. aAtlI bFI atkAe ane peetA atkAemA>WI aApNI sAcI ane muL atk k[ Ce wenI aApNe Kbr rAKvI #e[ae. aApNne aApNI muL atknI Kbr n hAey wAe aApNA vdIlAe pAseWI jZr #NI levI #e[ae. kemke aApNA s>pØfAynI ane aApNI YAiwnI myA®fA pØmANe aek atknA mANsAe ◊›>bIaAe khevAy ane BA[-bhennAe –yvhAr cAle. aek j atkmA> - ◊›>bmA> l¡nnAe s>bF n bA>FI XkAy.

”vA»yAy 1. . k√CmA> ketlA> XherAe Ce? 2. , k√CmA> kyA pAk mu¿y Ce? 3 . k√CI lAekAe prfeX XA mAte #y Ce? 4 . k√CnI FrwImA>WI kyA> KnI#e nIkLe Ce? 5 . wme muL kyA gAmnA rhevAsI CAe? 6. wmArI atk Xu> Ce? 7. gujrAw rAƒyne ketlA ijœlAaAemA> vhe>cvAmA> aA–yu> Ce? 8. BArwnAe mAetAmA> mAetAe ijœlAe kyAe Ce? 9. levA ptel YAiwnI v”wI ketlA> gAmAemA> vse Ce? 10. ivfeXmA> k√CIaAe øyA> øyA> v”yA Ce? 11. nIcenA XÀfAemA> KAlI j¡yA pUrAe.

pr__X Abroad p__pAln Animal Care

__rKAMA> Factories B__wk__ Embroidery

K__#e Minerals a__k Surname

vIj__ Electricity mgP__ Groundnuts

vs__t Residing vr__f Rain

__lsAe Coal __œlAe District

iv”wA__ Area b>f_ Port

s>pØ__y Sampraday __jrAe Millet


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jg~vnnAe yY

ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAn avArnvAr Buj aAvwA. we smye BujmA> g>gArAm mœl, su>fr~ suWAr, lAFIbA[ vgere anek BÚAe hwA. jem BÚAe hwA wem ˙eSIaAe pN hwA. ˙eSI aetle ivrAeFI. BgvAnne BgvAn n #Ne. sAxAw BgvAnne mUkIne bI#nI pU# ]pAsnA kre. jg~vn mhewA aAvAe aek ˙eSI hwAe. jg~vn mhewA we smynA BujnA rA#nAe m>Î hwAe. aek wAe BgvAnmA> Î˚A nh¢, ane ]prWI Fn ane sQA. aetle aiBmAnI bhu. ÎI~ mhArAjne ane mhArAjnA BÚAene iblkul wu√C gNwAe. aA jg~vn mAwA~nAe ]pAsk hwAe. mAwA~ aAgL pXunA bilfAn aApvAWI mAwA~ rA~ WAy aevu> mAnwAe hwAe. aAm wAe #we bØA˝N hwAe pN yYnA nAme pXunI °hsA krwAe. aek vAr ÎI~ mhArAj BujmA> hwA ∆yAre jg~vne aek yYnu> aAyAejn kyu®. pAewAnI jem °hsAmy yYmA> mAnvAvALA bØA˝NAene bAelA–yA. yYmA> bilfAn aApvA mAte

ketlA>y bkrA aAifk pØANIaAe BegA kyA®. ane ]prWI aAvA yYmA> pFArvA ÎI~ mhArAjne aAm>^N aA yu>. BgvAn wAe sAE ~vnu> sAz> krvA j aA p´«vI ]pr pFAre Ce. jg~vnne pN ]pfeX aApI aenu> kœyAN WAy wevA aAXyWI yYmA> pFArvAnu> aAm>^N ”vIkArI BgvAn jg~vnnA yYmA> gyA. jg~vn mhewA ae BgvAnnI aAgwA”vAgwA krI aAsn pr besAdyA. aek bAju bØA˝NAe yYnA m>Âe bAele Ce wAe bI~ bAju bkrA> vgere pXuaAenAe ic∆kAr WAy Ce. pXuaAenAe ic∆kAr sA>BLI mhArAje bØA˝NAene pUCyu>, ‘aA pXuaAe ic∆kAr kem kre Ce? wme aA yYmA> wemnI h∆yA krvAnA CAe?’ bØA˝NAeae kHAu>, ‘aene h∆yA n khevAy bilfAn khevAy. wmne Xu> aetlIye Kbr nWI ke yY kAene khevAy? ane bilfAn vgrnAe yY aFUrAe khevAy?’

mhArAje wemne XA>iwWI kHAu>, ‘mne wAe brAbr Kbr Ce ke yY kAene khevAy. pN wmne XA”Âenu> YAn nWI aetle wmne Kbr nWI ke yY kAene khevAy.’ aA sA>BLIne bØA˝NAe gu”se W[ ÎI~ mhArAjne khevA lA¡yA, ‘ame vefA>wI bØA˝NAe CIae. amne vefAenu> puru> YAn Ce. vefAemA> ajWI yY krvAnu> kHAu> Ce. ane aj aetle bkrAe. aetlA mAte yYmA> bkrAnu> bilfAn aApvAmA> aAve Ce.’ mhArAje wemne PrIWI sm#vwA> kHAu>, ‘BA[, wme vefAenI BASA brAbr smjwA nWI. ‘aj’ aetle bkrAe nh¢ pN }ge nh¢ wevu> anAj. jene FrwImA> vAvIae wAe pN }ge nh¢ aevA ^N vrs junA anAjne vefAemA> aj khe Ce. aevA anAjnAe yYmA> hAem krAy. bAkI vefAemA> wAe a°hsAne j Fm® kHAAe Ce. pXunI °hsA krvAWI kAe[ fev rA~ WAy j nh¢. BgvAne jem mANsAe bnA–yA wem pXuaAe pN bnA–yA> Ce. jetlAe aApNne ~vvAnAe hÛ, wetlAe j hÛ pXune pN Ce. mAte yY jZr krAe pN a°hsAmy yY krAe.’ aAm ÎI~ mhArAje GNu> sm#–yu> pN jg~vn ane aenA bØA˝NAeae aA vAw mAnI nh¢. jg~vn pAse hve kAe[ flIl bcI n hwI aetle we ivvek gumAvIne BgvAnne n khevAnA vcnAe khevA lA¡yAe, ‘wme vefAe smjwA j nWI mA^ feKAv mAte wme wmne pAewAne BgvAn khevdAvAe CAe. wmne BgvAn khenArA pN pAgl j Ce. ame wAe aAje aA rIwe j yY


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krvAnA CIae. yYmA> bkrAnu> bilfAn aApI wenA mA>snI pØsAfI KAvAnA CIae. wmArAWI je WAy we krI lAe.’

ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAn ∆yA>WI }TIne cAlI nIk‘yA. wemnAWI infAßS pØANIaAenI °hsA shn n W[. jwA> jwA> jg~vnne cewvNI aApwA gyA, ‘jg~vn mhewA, aetlu> yAf rAKje ke je kAe[ °hsA kre Ce we pAewe pN kyArek °hsAnAe BAeg bne Ce.’

WAedA smy pCI ÎI~ mhArAjnu> vcn sAcu> pdyu>. rA#nA senApiwae BujnI b#rmA> wlvArnA aek j JAtke jg~vnnu> mAWu> ]dAdI fIFu> hwu>.

aGrA XÀfAe: ˙eSI = bI#nu> KrAb [√CnAr, Jealousy Î˚A = ivÏAs, Faith flIl = Argument ivvek = sArA-KrAbnI Kbr senApiw = l—krnAe mAetAe, General

”vA»yAy 1. ÎI~ mhArAj yYmA>WI pACA kem PrI gyA ? 2. ÎI~ mhArAjnI k[ vAw sAcI W[ ? 3. yY krAvwA bØA˝NAene ÎI~ mhArAje Xu> kHAu>? 4. nIcenA vAkyAemA> yAe¡y ivrAm ich™nAe mUkAe. k. are yuiFiðr wme XA mAte nkulne ~vwAe krvA mA>gAe CAe K. BA[ wme kyA> j[ aA–yA g. ketlAe su>fr bAg G. guruae pUCyu> wne Xu> feKAy Ce c. betA Xu> feKAy Ce C. are yuiFiðr mAgI mAgIne wme aA Xu> mA¡yu> j. XAbAX mne wArI pAseWI aA j aAXA hwI J. mheX mhe…< ane aimw mArI sAWe hwA t. wme mArI mÕmI reXmA ane rmeX m#mA> hXAe T. wmArA GrWI fukAn ketlI fUr Ce d. wemNe pUCyu> Xu> aA yYmA> pXuaAenI h∆yA WvAnI Ce D. mhArAje wemne PrIWI sm#vwA> kHAu> BA[ wme vefAenI BASA brAbr smjwA nWI N. abune aeNe kHAu> wme KreKr KufAne yArA CAe kArN ke wme aenu> kAm krAe CAe w. bI#ae kHAu> nA aevu> kA>[ nWI

ÎI~ mhArAje iXxAp^ImA> ÍlAek 11 ane 12mA> aAYA krI Ce ke kAe[ pN ~vmA^nI °hsA n krvI. yY jevA Fm®nA kAy®mA> pN nh¢. a°hsA ae j mAetAmA> mAetAe Fm® Ce.


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aApNA whevArAe nIcenAmA>WI kAe[ pN aek whevAr ps>f krAe. hAeLI, rAmnvmI, ”vAimnArAyN jy>iw, j…mAÔmI, ifvALI/beswu> vrs

whevAr pACLnAe {iwhAs

whevAr sAWe s>kdAyel BgvAnnu> ~vn cir^

m>ifrmA> aA whevAr kevI rIwe ]jvAy Ce?

wme we ifvse Xu> Xu> krAe CAe? aA whevAr aApNne Xu> XIKve Ce?


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XAkAhArI ke mA>sAhArI

aApNne svA®vwArI ÎI ”vAimnArAyN BgvAne iXxAp^ImA> aAYA krI Ce ke kAe[ pN ~vmA^nI °hsA n krvI, ane kfAip mA>s n KAvu>. aetlA mAte aApNne wAe mA>s KAvAnAe ”vpne pN ¿yAl n aAve. CwA> GNA mnu“yAe mA>snu> BxN krwA hAey Ce. ane aApNe ƒyAre khIae ke ame XAkAhArI CIae ∆yAre GNI vAr aApNI m—krI pN krwA hAey Ce.

aApNe FA•mk rIwe wAe XAkAhArI CIae j. ane wenAe aApNe gv® pN hAevAe #e[ae pr>wu GNI vKw mA>sAhArnI wrPeNmA> flIlAe krvAmA> aAve Ce ane aApNI pAse wenA jvAbAe n hAewA> cUp W[ j[ae CIae. wAe cAlAe aApNe aAje sAmA…ypNe sA>BLvAmA> mLwI flIlAe vEYAink (Scientific) rIwe wpAsIae. 1. kufrwe (Nature) mANsne mA>sAhArI bnA–yA Ce.

s∆y 1 : mA>sAhArI pXuaAenA> aA>wrdA> tU>kA> hAey Ce, wemnA aAgLnA fA>w aiNyALA hAey Ce ane wemne fADAe nWI hAewI.

s∆y 2 : XAkAhArI pØANIaAenA aA>wrdA> lA>bA> hAey Ce, wWA wemne GNI

fADAe hAey Ce. aApNne 16 fADAe hAey Ce kemke XAkBA~ GNI cAvvI pde ane aApNA aA>wrdA 33 Put lA>bA hAey Ce kemke XAkBA~ne pcwA> bhu vAr lAge Ce. aA bAbw mA^ aApNne j nh¢ pN gAy,

hrN, hAWI vgerene pN lAgu pde Ce. aApNe XAk, fAL vgere rA>FIne KA[ae CIae pN mg, G]Æ vgere FA…y ke bI# XAk rA>»yA vgr KAvAWI aApNne kAe[ #wnu> nukXAn Wwu> nWI.

pN je mANsAe mA>sAhAr kre Ce weaAe vAG, °shnI jem mA>s kAcu> KA[ XkwA nWI ane kAcu> mA>s GNAe vKw petmA> rhe wAe sdAe pefA kre Ce.


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2. fuinyAmA> bFA mANsAe #e XAkAhArI W[ #y wAe fuinyAmA> sAEne anAj pUz> n WAy.

s∆y 1 :

fuinyAmA> aApNe jetlu> anAj P≠kI f[ae CIae wetlA anAjWI aApNe sAE mnu“yAene pet BrIne jmAdI XkIae CIae. aAKI fuinyAnI pØ#ne jmAdvA anAj wAe pUz> Ce pN aApNI j befrkArIWI GNA mANsAe BUKe mre Ce. amerIkA ane bI# feXAemA> mA>sAhArIaAene mA>s pUz> pAdvA

duÛr, gAy vgere pØANIaAenAe ]Cer krvAmA> aAve Ce. aeklA ameirkAmA>

duÛrAene KvdAvvA jetlI jmIn ]pr mkA[nI KewI krvAmA> aAve Ce wetlI jmIn ]pr #e mANsAene KAvA mAte anAj ]gAdvAmA> aAve wAe BUKmrAnAe wAe kAe[ svAl j ]BAe nWI WwAe.

3. XAkBA~ mAte pN vn”piwnI wAe °hsA krvI j pde Ce. ane JAdmA> pN ~v wAe Ce.

ae vAw sAcI ke JAd pAnmA> ~v Ce pN wenAe pAk KAvA mAte °hsA jZrI nWI. G]ÆnAe CAed mAetAe WAy ∆yAre wenA ]pr G]>nA fANA bese. ƒyAre G]ÆnAe CAed pUrepUrAe pAkIne sUkA[ #y ∆yAre j fANA KAvAlAyk bne Ce, we phelA> nh¢. aAm mrI gyelA CAed ]prWI fANA ]wArI KAvAWI ~v°hsA nWI WwI. ane PL ƒyAre pAkI #y ∆yAre aApAeaAp JAd ]prWI pde Ce. aetle we pN °hsA nWI. pN mA>s KAvA mAte wAe ~vwA pØANInI °hsA krvAmA> aAve Ce. kufrwI rIwe mrelA pØANInu> mA>s kAe[ KAwu> nWI.

4. XAkAhArI mANsAene pUrwA> ivtAmInAe mLwA> nWI.

aApNe ivYAnmA> BNIae CIae ke kTAeL (Pulses) mA> GNu> pØAetIn hAey Ce. lIlAewrImA> pu“kL pØmANmA> ivtAmInAe hAey Ce. aetle aApNA XrIrne je pAeSkw∆vAe #e[ae we bFA> j XAkAhAr KAerAkmA>WI mLI rhe Ce. }ltu> mA>sAhArIaAene XAkpAn vgr nWI cAlwu>. kufrwI rIwe je pØANIaAe mA>s KAy Ce jevA ke °sh, vAG wemne anAj ke PLnI jZr nWI pdwI.

]prnI bFI bAbwAeWI aApNne KAwrI WAy Ce ke mANsAe kufrwI rIwe XAkAhArI j Ce. ane mA>sAhArnI jrA pN jZr nWI. mA^ rsA”vAf mAte j °hsA krI kufrw ane BgvAnnAe gunegAr bne Ce. iXxAp^ImA> pN a°hsAne prm Fm® kHAAe Ce.


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nmUnAnu> pØÓp^ (smy: 1 klAk 30 imint)

iv\AW§nu> nAm:

iXxknu> nAm:

XinvAr / rivvAr: Class Code: Write your and your Teacher’s name in the box above.

Read instructions at the beginning of questions carefully.

Answer all questions in FULL SENTENCES.

RESULT

EXAM LISTENING SPEAKING MAIN TOTAL

MAX. MARKS 15 15 100 130

ACHIEVED


ILLESDEN

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pØ. 1 nIcenI #herAw vA>cI svAlnA jvAbAe gujrAwImA> lKAe. (5 mAk®)

k) kAy®kØm ketlAe lA>bAe Ce? ________________________________________________________[1]

K) we kAene mAte yAe¡y Ce? ________________________________________________________[1]

g) we #evAnI bFA>ne kem m# aAvXe? ________________________________________________________[1]

G) kAenA mAte itikt s”wI Ce? ________________________________________________________[1]

c) aAnAe CeœlAe ifvs kyAre Ce? ________________________________________________________[1]

aAve Ce…… aAve Ce…… aAve Ce……

wmArA pirvArne KUb hsAvvA

nAtk…… nAtk….. nAtk

ae.. kAe{ne khewA nh¢

WAedA smymA>: itikt: nv pA]…d 2 jUn 2002 WI sAeL vS®WI nIcenA> bALkAe 9 jUn 2002 suFI mAte itikt adGI °kmwe

kutu>b sAWe aAvAe 2 1/2 klAk

fAKlAe: svAl: aA #herAw kevA kAy®kØmnI Ce? jvAb: nAtknI


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pØ. 2 pAzlnAe pAe”tkAd® vA>cI nIcenA svAlAe vA>cI yAe¡y ic^Ae pAse ( ) krAe. (6 mAk®)

22 #…yuaArI 2004 ipØy mInA hmNA> aek mihnA mAte inXAL b>F Ce. hu> KUb m# kru> Cu>. frrAej svAre mAedI }Tu>. wEyAr W[ne fAfA sAWe cAlvA #]Æ Cu>. rA^e sAdA bAr vA¡yA suGI teilivJn #e]Æ C>u. buFvAre mArA im^ sAWe KrIfI krvA #]Æ. ∆yA> ame bsmA> j[ae. rivvAre mArI klb sAWe bAjunA gAmdAmA> sAyklWI PrIae. pCI KewrmA> ]#NI krIae. il. pArul

k) wenA fAfA sAWe Xu> kre Ce? K) pArul ketlA vA¡ye sUvA #y Ce?

fAKlAe pArulne ketlA smynI r# Ce?

k g

K

k

K

g

k K g

12:55 12:30 12:45


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g) we KrIfI mAte kyAre #y Ce?

G) we ∆yA> kevI rIwe #y Ce? c) we gAmdAmA> Xu> kre Ce?

C) we ]#NI kyA> kre Ce?

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Sunday

Monday Tuesday

Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday k

K g

Monday

Saturday

Wednesday

k

k

k K g

K

K

g

g


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pØ. 3 After reading this article answer the following questions in English. (12 Marks)

1. What is the emergency about?

2. Which area are they particularly worried about?

3. What step has the health department taken?

4. What effect has this had?

5. Why is there still a problem?

6. Why don’t more students study dentistry?

ibØtnmA> fA>wnA vFu dAeøtrAenI jZiryAw

ibØtnmA> fA>wnA dAeøtrAenI s>¿yA pUrwI nWI weWI g>BIr i”Wiw }BI W{ Ce. KAs krIne ]Qr […¡l≠dmA> dAeøtrAe bhu aAeCA Ce. srkArnA aArAe¡yKAwAae vFu dAeøtrAe levAnI #herAw aA feXmA> ane bI# feXAemA> pN krI Ce. aAWI CeœlA pA>c vrsmA> ibØtnmA> be h#r fA>wnA dAeøtrAe v»yA Ce. wem CwA> srkArI sArvAr nIce pUrwA dAeøtrAe mLI XkwA nWI kArN ke weaAe KAngI fvAKAnAmA> kAm krvAnu> vFAre ps>f kre Ce. ∆yA> weaAe vFAre pEsA kmA{ Xke Ce. GNA iv\AW§aAene fA>wnA dAeøtr bnvAnAe XAeK hAey Ce pN weaAene BNwr aGz> ane lA>bu lAge Ce.


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pØ. 4 (12 Marks) Prepare an e-mail to tell friend (or a short essay with bullet points) about your home. Write about 50 words in Gujarati in full sentences. Include the following details. An Example is given.

• Number of rooms • Your room • What do you do in your room • Where do you eat • Distance from your school • sporting and/or recreational facility near your home

Example : Size of the house. mAz> Gr bhu mAetu> nWI.


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pØ. 5 (10 mAøs®)

]prnI #herAw vA>cI KAnAmA> aApelA XÀfAemA>WI yAe¡y XÀf ps>f krI vAøyAemA> pUrAe. aek fAKlAe aApel Ce.

cAepAtI pcAs wApI hIrAmAewI iknAre PrsAN mAesmmA> mITA[ b>fr kApd PrvA Xher cAepAtI adFu> aAKu>

fAKlAe: surw aek aEiwhAisk Xher Ce.

1. surw _______ nfInA iknAre aAvelu> Ce.

2. aek vKwe we #NIwu> _______ hwu>.

3. ∆yA>nu> ______ nu> b#r bhu j srs Ce.

4. re”tAerA>t _______ mItr }Æcu> Ce.

5. ∆yA>WI ________ Xher #e{ XkAy Ce.

6. ______ mAte nhez bAg Ce.

7. lAekAe aekbI#ne mLvA ________ pr #y Ce.

8. surwnI ______ ane ________ bFAne BAve Ce.

9. ah¢nA __________ nA fAgInA su>fr Ce.

wApI nfInA iknAre aAvelu> aEiwhAisk ngr aek jmAnAnu> gujrAwnu> ]Qm b>fr surwnu> KUb j #NIwu> kApd b#r aeiXyABrmA> pØ¿yAw Ce. ah¢nA 50 mItr }ÆcA{vALA PrwA re”tAerA>tmA>WI aAKu> gAm srs rIwe #e[ XkAy

pØvAsIaAe mAte nhez bAg ane nfIkA>Te cAepAtI ƒyA> BeLpUrI KvAy ane aekbI#ne mLI XkAy

surwnI mITA[ ane PrsANnAe ”vAf cAKAe fUr fUrWI lAekAe hIrAmAewInA srs GreNA> KrIfvA surw aAve Ce

BArw aAvAe ∆yAre surwnI mulAkAw lAe


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pØ. 6 After reading this article, answer the following questions in English. (12 Marks)

1. What part of Ahmedabad is this article about?

2. What does the article suggest a tourist should do first?

3. What particular advantage do the pedestrians have in Ratanpur?

4. Where does the article say you might particularly enjoy shopping?

5. Besides dry fruit and nuts, what else can one buy at the market?

6. Why would you not have to go hungry for long in the old town?

phelA> pØvAsIaAeae gAmnAe nøXAe l{ aAvvAe jUnA XhernA rwnpur jevA iv”wArmA> wAe cAlIne j jvAy Ce weWI gAdIaAenI BId nh¢ nde

wmAre KrIfInAe aAn>f mANvAe hAey wAe GNA> KrIfke…%Ae Ce wemA>WI aekmA> jvu>

mANekcAekmA> frrAej b#r BrAy Ce. ∆yA> GNI #wnA msAlA wemj sUkAe mevAe wmne mLXe

wmne BUK lAge wAe ∆yA> GNA gAdIvALAaAe nA”wA v≠cwA hAey Ce

ahmfXAhe vsAvelu> jUnu> amfAvAf Xher #evA aAvAe!


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pØ. 7 ]prnA smAcAr vA>cI KAnAmA> aApelA XÀfAemA>WI yAe¡y XÀf ps>f krI vAøyAemA> pUrAe. (8 mAøs®)

yuvk sA[kl pr lU>tAyAe

cAEf vrsnAe ifpk h>meXnI jem gyA XinvAre wenI sA[kl pr svAre CApA> v≠cvA jwAe hwAe. be burKAvALA yuvAnAe aAe°cwA r”wA ]pr aA–yA. weaAeae ifpkne FÛAe mArIne sA[kl prWI pAdI nA¿yAe ane bIvdAvIne wenAe mAebA[l PAen ane WAedAk CUtA pEsA hwA we JU>tvIne BAgI gyA. ifpke pAsenA GrnI G>tdI mArIne aek mANsne pAelIsne bAelAvvAnI arj krI. pAelIse be yuvAnAene pkdyA Ce. pAelIsnu> khevu> Ce ke aAvA gunA krnAr yuvAnAe d¨¡s ane isgret mAte shelA{WI pEsA meLvvA pØy∆n krwA hAey Ce.

aek fAKlAe aApel Ce.

kmAwA jmIn m# kAm bhene mAyAß mAeDA> gAdI cAerwA BA[ae lU>tyAe cAEf BUK sA[kl hAW bIk

fAKlAe : ifpknI ]Æmr cAEf vS®nI hwI.

1. ifpk XinvAre svAre _______ krwAe hwAe.

2. we _______ vAprwAe hwAe.

3. cAer lAekAeae pAewAnA> ______ DA>kI fIFA> hwA>.

4. ifpk ______ pr pdI gyAe hwAe.

5. wene bhu ______ lAgI hwI.

6. cAere wene ______ hwAe.

7. aek _______ pAelIsne PAen kyAß hwAe.

8. yuvAn cAerAe isgret mAte pEsA ______ hAey Ce.


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pØ. 8 pAelIse aApelI aA slAhAe vA>cI sAcA jvAb sAme ( √ ) krAe. (7 mAøs®)

fAKlAe : aA slAh Ce r”wAmA>

a. gunA aAeCA krvA (√ ) b. avAj aAeCAe krvA ( ) k. pØfUSN atkAvvA ( )

1. rAwe bhAr n #v

a. øyArey ( ) b. aeklA ( ) k. im^Ae sAWe ( )

2. a>FArI j¡yAaeWI

a. fAedIne #v ( ) b. bQI l[ne #v ( ) k. nAnAe r”wAe n lAe ( )

3. n #aAe

a. texImA> ( ) b. im^nI gAdImA> ( ) k. #NwA n hAe wenI gAdImA> ( )

4. aAggAdImA> besAe

a. lAekAe hAey ∆yA> ( ) b. aeklA ( ) k. frvA#nI bAjumA> ( )

aA iv”wArmA> WwA gunA atkAvvAmA> amne mff krAe

mAedI rA^e aeklA cAlIne bhAr jXAe nh¢. a>FArA iv”wArmA>WI tU>kAe r”wAe leXAe nh¢. n aAeLKwA hAe aevA mANsnI kArmA> kfI jXAe nh¢. aAggAdImA> bI# ]wAZ hAey ∆yA> besAe. GrnI lgBg n~k aAvI gyA hAe wAe pN cewIne rhe#e. wmArI cAvI wEyAr rAKAe jeWI wme GrmA> jlfIWI j{ XkAe. #e wmne kAe[ herAn kre wAe mff mAte KUb #erWI bUmAe pAdAe.


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5. GrnI bAjumA> phA≠cAe ∆yAre cAlAe a. jlfI ( ) b. FIme ( ) k. s>BALIne ( )

6. GrmA> jlfI jvA mAte

a. pACLnA bArNe #v ( ) b. cAvI hAWmA> rAKAe ( ) k. #esWI G>tdI vgAdAe ( )

7. kAe[ herAn kre ∆yAre mff mAte

a. pAelIsne bAelAvAe ( ) b. rAdAe pAdAe ( ) k. sAmA WAaAe ( )

pØ. 9 (28 mAøs®) wme r#aAemA> BArwmA> wmArA gAm PrvA gyA CAe. nIcenI bAbwAenAe smAveX krI, wmArI mAwAne gujrAwImA> aAXre 100 XÀfAenAe p^ lKAe. wmArI musAPrI kevI rhI hwI? How was your journey? wme kyAre phAe>√yA ane kAeN levA aA–yu> hwu>? When did you reach there and who came to receive you? ∆yA>nu> hvAmAn kevu> Ce? How is the weather there? ∆yA> wme Xu> KrIfI krI? What shopping have you done there?


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VOCABULARY XÀfkAeS

aApNA aA vS®nA aÃyAs frÕyAn aApNne nIce jNAvelA XÀfAe, wemnI #edNI ane wemnAe aW® aAvdvA #e[ae. aW®mA> mA^ a>geØ~ BASA>wr j nh¢, pN gujrAwImA> pN wenAe aW® aAvdvAe #e[ae. fA.w. ‘suWAr’ aetle mA^ “carpenter” j nh¢ pN ‘suWAr’ aetle ‘lAkdAnu> kAm krnAr’ ae pN aAvdvu> #e[ae. nIce jNAvel XÀfAenAe aÃyAs krI, wemnI #edNI ane aW® yAf rAK#e. KAetI #edNIWI prIxAmA> guN kpA[ #y Ce. klm kdk kr krksr ksrw ktAektI km®cArI kpdA kbAt klAk klAkAr kLA kbUwr kpAL krA kidyAe kfI krAedpiw kivwA kmr khevw klb kfr kfZpu> kcerI kcAerI kijyAe khevu> kmAvu> kmANI krvw kœpnA kmL kAbr kAm kAkA kAkI kAp kArwk kA>Nu> kALu> kAcu> kAgL kAl kAL kArN kAym kAn kAN¢gu> kAgdAe kApd kALAe kAkdI kAL~ kALju> kAym kAwr kAyfAe iknArAe ikrN ik>mw ◊›>b ◊tev ◊XL ◊l ·wrAe ·vAe kerI keLA> kAelsA kAe[ kAeiXX kAeyl kAebIj kAeNI kAe[vAr kAelej kAewrNI k>[ k>tALAe k>„s kA>fA kA>fl> k´pA k´“N øyAre øyArek øyA> Kbr KBAe KrAb KreKr KmIs Krbcfl> KrIfI Kru> Ksvu> KAs KAlI KAvu> KA›> KAwu> KAdAe KAnu> KAz> KAwr KAbAeicyu> KArek KAisyw iK”su> iKskAelI KIcdI KIlI KIcAeKIc Kulvu> Kuıu> Kuœlu> KuX KurXI KUNAe KUn KUb KUbI Kewr KedUw Kel KelAdI KAetu> KAerAk KAevu> KAeprI KAeKu> K>jvAd K>d K>w KA>d KA>dvu> ¿yAiw gmvu> grm grmI grIb giNw gNvu>

grbA giw gyu> gLu> g‘yu> grbd

gNveX gÕmw gGedAe grud gAy gAm gAmdu gAD gAilcAe gAl gALvu> gAjr

gAvu> gAyk igrfI gIF gIw gIc gujrAw gujrAwI gu”sAe gujrI guruvAr guN gulAb gulAbI gunAe gunegAr gUmfl> gerhAjr


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gAeL gAeewvu> gAeLI gAeTvvu> g>fu> gA>dpN

gA>iTyA gA>sdI gØAhk

Gr GidyAL GtA G]Æ GnGAer Gn—yAm GNu> GA GAt GI Gelu> GAe>GAt Getu> Guvd GAedAe G>t G>tI GU>tN cklI cÛr cmk crvu> cmAr cmcI cwur cwurA[ cmelI cA cAmdI cAmAcIidyu> cAku cAKvu> cAfr cAkr cAr cArebAju cAmdu> cAlAk cAlvu> ic^ ic>wA icr>~vI cI◊ cIs cIBdu> cIkNu> cUlAe cAvI cAek cAekI cAer cAeÛs cAetvu> cAers cAepdI cAeKA cAe¿Ku> cAeLI cAemAsu> c>% c>pl cAflAe cA>f cA>fI cA>fAe cE^ Cw C^I C^Is Ctkvu> CAl CAp CAnu> CAwI Cek CA>yAe CI>k CupAvvu> CUpu> Cum>wr CUtACedA Cedvu> CAX Cek CewALIs Cewrvu> Ceœlu> Ceıu> CAelvu> CAedvu> CAekz> jmvu> jmNI jmIn jmZK j…m jnm jvAb jrA jy>iw jlebI jlfI jgw jvu> #v>u #vk #gvu> #w #mIn #her #Nvu> #jZ #n #nvr #…yuaArI #mPL ~B ~vn ~vdu> juvAn jufA jun>u jUn jUlA[ jel jemwem jeT jeTANI #e #er #e[ae Jt JnUn JÃBAe JBlu> JGdAe JbAedvu> JAd JAJu> JA>Ku> JU>pdI JAelu> iJbØA JINu> tpAlI tmetu> tclI tp tpAl tADu> tIkA tuckAe tev tekrI tekAe tAepI tAeLI TiLyAe TArvu> TATdI TAlvvu> TAmvAsN TIk Tes TekdAe TAeT TAekr T>dI T>du>


ILLESDEN

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drpAek dhApN dhAeLu> dÀbAe dAbu> dAmr dAm dALI idseÕbr duÛr d>ugLI dAbAe du>gr dUbv>u delI dAek dAesAe d>K DglAe DA>k D¢glI Del DeAl DebrA DeAkLA> DAeLvu> DAesA DAe>g D>DrAe wdkAe wr wrvu> wrP wk wrbUc wz wpAs wLAv wpelI wAkAw wAv wej wibyw w”fI wAp wAl wIKu> wAkAw wArIK wANvu> wIr wIW® we^Is wAbdwAeb wuver wulsI wUtvu> wUtelu> wel wevu> wEyAr w>g w‹>r”w i^kAeN ^Ajvu> Wd Wyu> Wvu> Wr W pd WAk WALI WIjvu> WU>k WelI WIgfl> WeplA> WAeBvu> WAedu> fr frrAej fm fvA fyA firyAe frek fbAN fr~ frvA#e fixN fX®n fKl fAKl fAKlAe fAfI fAfA fAZ fAbvu> fAfrAe fAL fAnw fAn fAdm fAD fAJvu> ifvALI ifl ifXA ifn fIn fIvAe fIpk fIkrI fukAn fu—mn ifvs ‹:K fug®F fUr fUF fUFI ferANI fevL feKvu> fevu> fevI feX fAe”w fAervu> fAerI fA>w %Ax F# Fn Fb FbAkAe FmAl Frpkd Fnu“y Fm® FrwI FrNI FANA FAwu iFÛAr FIm>u FuÕms FumAdAe Fun FØUØjvu> FAevu> FAebI FAekAe FAerN FAeLAe FAeLu> fyAn nm njr nkl nÛI nvu> nvIn nvA[ nyn nK nL nArI nr nrm nmvu> nmAvvu> nmAj n~k nkXAe ngr ns ns® nsIb nArAj ngrpAilkA nfI nWI nh¢ nm”we nm”kAr nN>f nvAjUnI nNfAe[ nvrAi^ nveÕbr nAEkA nAnI nAc nAtk nAwAl nAhvu> nAk nmn nAnu> nAiLyer nApAs nAr>gI nAsvu> nA”wAe


ILLESDEN

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nAlAyk inb>F inXAL inrAX inym inyimw inm®L inkAX inrA>w inXA inN®y inXAnI nIce nAekrI

nIkLvu> nA≠F

nIk nUwn ne^ nAebw

pvn ps>f piw p∆nI prmifvs pirNAm pgiWyu> pxI prIxA phAd piÌm p«Wr pWrAe piv^ pl>g px prfeX pkAvvu> pdvu> prNvu> prANe pXu pg p^ pirvAr pr>wu prAeD pCI pKvAidyu> prsevAe pAse pANI pAnKr pAs pAku> pALvu> pAdvu> pAikt pAmvu> pApd pAnu> pAtngr pAtlUn pAp pACL pA>] pA>c ipyr ipÂ[ ipØy pIrsvu> pIvu> pINu> pILu> pILA pu“kL puruS pul purI pu”wk pu”wkAly pUnm pUjy pUru> pUrI pUCprC pUv® pU# pU>CdI pet petI pelu> phelu> pEsA pEsAfAr pAeSAk pAept pAewAnu> pAeSvu> pAeNAe ppEyu> pØX>sA pØBAw pØkAX pØvíw pØfeX pØvAs pØmANe pØiwYA pØmAiNk pØNAm peØrNA p´«vI pAeS pØAW®nA pØAWimk pØem Pr PL Pkw PrAL PkrAe PrsAN Prj PrijyAw PrmAvvu> PAns PALAe PAjl iPkr PIN ¤rsf ¤aA ‰vArAe ‰l ‰lvu> PePsA Pervvu> PeiryAe PebuØaArI PAetAe PAelvu> PAgN PAe[ bL bFA bFA> brP brPI brNI brAbr btetA bfAm bwk bgIcAe bhAr bpAer bhAfur bhen bgAdvu> b>gdI b>ne b…ne bÙe bhu bhuvcn bnevI bwAvvu> bkrI b#r bixs bÎsI bApu~ bArI bAm bAtlI bALk bALvu> bArNu> bAju bAg bØA˝N bAFvu> bA>kdAe iblAdI ibmAr ibi”kt ib”Âe bI bIvu> bIkN buFvAr bUt bUm bes bewALIs bekAr bAelvu> bAer b>gdI Brvu> Bsvu> Bjn BgvAn Byk>r Biv“y Brw Bjvvu> BlAmN BNAvvu> BNvu> BÎ~ BA[bIj BAvvu> BAiv BA~ BAgvu> BAKrI


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BAw BASA BAre BArw BAn BABI BAgAeL BIK BI>w B¢dA BUw BUwkAL BUim BUl BUlvu> BUgAeL BUrAe BUk>p Bet Begu> Be>s B>g B>gAr BAfrvAe BEAiwkXA”^ mg mrvu> mLvu> mn mgj mmrA mjUr m>jUr mtr mgr mffZp mkAn mne mrcu> mw mkA[ mi”jf m# mihnAe mheiPl mhenw mh∆v mjbuw mAg® mWAL>u mjbUrI m”w mkrs>ÒA>iw mALAe mAru> mAWu> mAtlu> mAte mAl mAihwI mAc® mAgvu> mAnvu> mANvu> mAgsr mAg®fX®n mAsA mApvu> mA^ mAÂ mAvjw mA”wr mAlimlkw mAilkI mA>fgI im^ imint imjbAnI mIT>u mITA[ mugt mujb mu—kel musIbw mhA muin muK mUTI mUkvu> muslmAn muXLFAr mu˘Ae muKvAs mUiw® mULAe mUdI mUrK mUK® mUœy melu> meyr mej mefAn meL me>fI mhe>fI me>fAe mAeklvu> mAekAe mAecI mAeLu> mAedu> mAeDu> mAetu> mAesm mAesAL mAes>bI mAej>u mAewI mAej mAeGu> mAEn m>ifr m>Î m>gLvAr yjmAn yAÂ yAr yAf yuvk yuviw yuikw yAejnA yAe¡y yAEvn rmvu> rs r#[ r# riv rivvAr rsAedu> rsAe[ rmAdvu> rwALu> rhev>u rheTAN r”wAe rA# rAj rAƒy rgfAeLv>u rsAyNXA”^ rA“t¨ rA“tIÿ rA~ rAd rAg rAi^ rAw rAwu> rAKvu> rAs rAFA rA>Fvu> irvAj rIw rIwBAw rI>gNu> Zp ZperI ZipyAe Zm ZmAl rewI relAe rAevu> rAeg rAej r>g r>gBUim r¢C lp lsN lgn l¡n lw lK lxN ldA[ lAl lAd lAgvu> lAkdI lAj lAK lAlI lAgNI lIlAe lImdAe lItI l¢bu> lU>t levu> leK lAekAe lAetAe lAet lAeWpAeW lAeK>d lAehI l>bA[ lA>c


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vn vr vjn vgr vrs vS® vN® vg® v”wI vhAl vwn vw®n vFAre vhelu> vKw vdIl vkIl vhAN vdAefrA v√ce vrsAf vgAdvu> vN®n vn”piw vSA® vtANA vLI vL vZ vLA>k vAL vAfLA> vAf vAw vAn vAhn vAl vAlAeL vAky vAy–y vArAe vAwA® vrN vAn vAngI vAG vAgvu> vAvvu> vAij>^ vAyu vAL>f vArsAe vA>cvu> vA>k vA>frAe vA>ku> vA>sAe ivYAn iv\AW§ ivcAr ivnAX iv˚An ivSy ivmAn ivÏAs ivÏ ivgw ivny iv”wAr vIjLI v¢tI v¢tvu> vhe>cvu> v´˚ verAn ver vepAr vecvu> vEXAK vEYAink v>fn v´>fAvn v´x –yApAr –yikw –yvhAr –yvsAy Xher Xrm Xrw Xrbw XrAb XZ XZaAw XrfI XinvAr XÀf Xikw XwAÀfI XhAm´g XrIr XArIirk XAbAX XAk XAkBA~ XAkAhArI XAn XA>w XA>iw iXkAr iXkArI iXKAmN iXyAL iXxA iXxk iXvAy XIwL XIKvu> Xukn Xu¬F Xu˚ XuÒvAr XAeK XAek XAeF Îe“T ÎAvN St™kAeN sPef srs smj sww sPr smy sgvd skL shej slAh shI slAmw s# srKu> smu% srAevr srerAX srKAmNI sdsdAt smAesu> svArI srnAmu> smAcAr ”nAn svAr svAl sQAvn s∆yAsI sslu> sm smdI sPrjn srvALAe s”wu> s teÕbr snsnAtI sAcu> sAdI sArI sAWL sAmu> sAl sArvAr sAd^Is sAru> sAsru> ssrA sAWIfAr sAgr sAp sAcvvu> sAykl sA>BLvu> sA>j iswAr is>h sIdI sIvvu> sIlA[ suWAr suK suvALu> suivFA sugm sug>F su>fr sukAn suy® sUrj sUvu> sUnu> sUkvvu> sUJvu> sU>T sev sevA sEink sAe[ sAemvAr sAenI sAenu> sAetI sAeL s>wru> s>#egAe s>wAv>u s>wAdvu> s>feXAe s>wAkUkdI s>gm s>gØh s>cAln ”vBAv ”vmAn ”vAvl>bI ”v”W ”vAf ”WL ”pFA® ”vIkAr ”vAgw ”vfeX


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s>gØh”WAn ”vABAivk hAl hL hvA hlku> hlAvvu> hlvAe hrIP hLfr hsvu> hvAlfAr hvAmAn hvA[mWk hkIkw hÛ hrN hWeLI hAW hAWAe hAWI hAWkdI hAX hAvBAv hAdip>jr hmeXA> hIrAe °hmw ih>dAeLAe ihmAly ihm ihsAb h>s humlAe hu…nr huÙr hukm hew hEyu> Hfy heAtel hAej hAeLI hAeiXyAr xi^y YAn YAiw atk asl aiw aiwXy acAnk aml aDAr aXA>iw aDLk anhf agiNw apAr amr aWvA avsr anAmw aiBnewA aÃyAs a∆yAre am”wu> agA] a~b ai¡n aiBmAn avAj annAs anuBv ar~ ajvALu> aiNyALu> afeKA[ albw anukUL a#≈yu> aDI axr aTvAidy>u ah¢ acUk arIsAe akm§ aiwiW ak”mAw akLAvu> acrj ac>bAe ajgr aGru> aigyAr a>guTAe a>g a>gØejØ a>geØ~Ø a>w a>wr a>fr a>X a>FAru> aAvvu> aApvu> aA~~ aArAep aArAm aAn>f aAfX® aAiXS aAvkAr aAÌy®Ø aAB aAXIvA®f aAbZ aAgØh aAm>^N aAfw aALs aAvk aAbehUb aAYA aAvdw aAFuink aAKu> aAGu> aAXre aAgL aAfr aAkru> aAkAX aAL aAdu> aAple aAseA aA>K aA>gLI aA>su aA>FLu> aA>ckAe aA>kdAe aA>tAe aA>wrrA“tI¨y [√CA [jjw [iwhAs [nAm [mArw [rAfAe [lAj [”^I [”lAm [# [yL [XAn [SA® [”tr [Ïr [Ædu> [XArAe ]FAr ]pAdvu> ]jvNI ]#NI ]Frs ]wAru> ]wArv>u ]nALAe ]m>g ]“mA ]KANu> ]wAvL ]ltu> ]kALvu> ]kel ]pAy ]pyAegI ]#s ]wrvu> ]wArvu> ]gAdvu> ]gArvu> ]GAdvu> ]#grAe ]√c ]√cAr ]mefvAr ]QrAyN ]pAd ]pr


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]pkAr ]pcAr ]mervu> ]fAs ]Æfr ]Æmr }n }Bvu> }>cu> }Kdvu> }dvu> }Tvu> }nu> }ckvu> }jvvu> }ltI }>G }>t }>du> aeklu> aenu> aenI aemA> aekbI# aeX aekfm aetle aeklpNu> aEiwhAisk aAeLK aAeg“t aAeLKAN aAetlAe aAeXIku> aAegNIs aAekteAbr aAegN^Is aAerdAe aAESF aAE|AAeigk


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