vietnam’s report on biodiversity for food and … · chapter 4 has not been completed. •...

THE STATE OF VIETNAM’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Presented by Dr. Vu Dang Toan Plant Resources Center

Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Email: [email protected]

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Outline Outline

• Process

• Highlights

– Production systems

– State and trends

– Conservation

– Interventions

– Future agendas

• Lessons learned

• Next steps

• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development appointed Dr.

La Tuan Nghia, Director of Plant Resources Center

• Working team from different sectors collect data and

information related to BFA, including from Vietnam’s

SoWAnGR I-II, SoWPGR I-II, National Report to the CBD (5th)

and NBSAP

• Dr. Vu Dang Toan and team prepare a preliminary draft

following Guidelines

• Workshop (October 2014): participants from different sectors:

government officers, scientists, experts, farmers and

agriculture companies to comment on first draft – with support

from FAO

• Second draft prepared, translated and revised

• Report submitted to FAO in December 2014

Preparation of the country report Preparation of the country report

List of key organizations contributing to the report

List of key organizations contributing to the report

No. ORGANISATIONS

MINISTRIES

1 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

2 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

3 Ministry of Science and Technology

4 Ministry of Public Security

RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS

5 Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences

6 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources

7 National Institute of Animal Sciences

8 Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1

9 Institute of Oceanography

10 Hanoi National University

11 Plant Resouces Center

Production system in Vietnam Production system in Vietnam Code Production system names

L1 Livestock grassland-based systems: Tropics

L3 Livestock grassland-based systems: Subtropics

L5 Livestock landless systems: Tropics

L7 Livestock landless systems: Subtropics

F1 Naturally regenerated forests: Tropics

F3 Naturally regenerated forests: Subtropics

F5 Planted forests: Tropics

F7 Planted forests: Temperate

A1 Self-recruiting capture fisheries: Tropics

A3 Self-recruiting capture fisheries: Subtropics

A5 Culture-based fisheries: Tropics

A7 Culture-based fisheries: Subtropics

A9 Fed aquaculture: Tropics

A11 Fed aquaculture: Subtropics

A13 Non-fed aquaculture: Tropics

A15 Non-fed aquaculture: Subtropics

C1 Irrigated crops (rice) : Tropics

M1 Mixed systems (livestock, crop, forest and /or aquatic and fisheries): Tropics

M2 Mixed systems (livestock, crop, forest and /or aquatic and fisheries): Subtropics

Crop group Livestock group Aquatic group

Starchy food crops (39

species)

21 beef breeds (5 indigenous) About 6,000 benthic species

Non-starchy food crops (95

species)

27 chicken breeds (16

indigenous breeds)

2,038 grass species (100 species having

economic value)

Fruit crops (104 species) 10 duck breeds (5 landraces) 653 algae species

Vegetables (55 species) 7 muscovy ducks (3 landraces) 657 zooplankton species

Oil crops (44 species) 5 goose breeds (2 landraces) 537 phytoplankton species

+ Fiber crops (16 species) 5 goat breeds (2 landraces), 94 mangrove plant species

Beverage manufacturing

plants (12 species)

3 buffalo breeds (2 landraces) 225 species of brine shrimp

+ Spice crops (39 species) 1 sheep breed 14 species of seaweed

Aromatic crops (19 species) 4 rabbit breeds (2 landraces) 15 species of sea snakes

Cover crops for bare hill

regreening (29 species)

3 horses (2 landraces) 12 species of marine mammals

5 sea turtles species

43 species of water birds

1027 freshwater fish species

The state of biodiversity for food and agriculture The state of biodiversity for food and agriculture

Microorganisms: • 5 main groups: bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous

fungi, yeasts and viruses;

• 7,500 species identified, including more than 2,800

plant pathogen species; 1,500 human and animal

pathogen species and over 700 beneficial species;

• nearly 1000 species conserved and used


Invertebrates:

• over 10,000 insect species indentified

• 1000 species considered as pests

• more than 1000 species as natural enemies of pests

• Four indigenous bee species: Apis cerana, Apis

dorsata, Apis laboraosa, Apis florea, Apis

andreniformis and one imported species Apis

melifera


Trend of biodiversity for food and agriculture Trend of biodiversity for food and agriculture

• Crop genetic resources The introduction of new high productivity varieties, hybrids, has caused a

reduction in the planted area and genetic diversity of indigenous varieties.

For example, 80% of traditional rice varieties, 50% of local corn and bean

cultivars, 90% of tea and fiber crop varieties, and 70% of local fruit species

cannot be found in the production system.

• Forest flora resources:

The forest cover increasing but mainly planted forest with lower

species diversity

Natural forest has declined, increasingly fragmented and degraded

Flora resources under threat of erosion due to overexploitation,

especially species having high values for medicine, construction,

cosmetic and ornamental

Trend of biodiversity for food and agriculture Trend of biodiversity for food and agriculture

• Livestock genetic resources:

Some livestock breeds to be disappearing with the race at about 10% per year, a limited range of high-yield breeds.

• Aquatic genetic resources

Population of endangered species are decreasing rapidly due to habitat loss, pollution and overexploitation.

The number of species in Redbook has been increased

Conservation status of biodiversity for food and agriculture Conservation status of biodiversity for food and agriculture

Protected areas, National Parks, Nature Reserves, in-situ, ex-situ conservation of rare endangered crop and animal genetic resources

A network of focal agencies and 68 organizations belong to 6 ministries implementing programs on Genetic Resources Conservation including: • Plant Resources Centre (PRC) with 24 official network members • National Institute of Animal Sciences (NIAS) has 28 agencies • Forestry Institution with 13 official members • Aquatic genetic resources with institutions • VNU, VAAS Institutions of Microbiology and Biotechnology is

responsible for conservation of microorganism genetic resources


Figure 2. Agro-biodiversity conservation system in Vietnam

• Conservation of microorganism genetic resources: • Approximately 9000 microorganism strains

preserved at deep frozen and freeze dried conditions

• Edible mushroom: a total of 124 accessions

• Microorganism resources for veterinary use

• Conservation of plant genetic resources • In-situ conservation, on farm conservation, ex-situ

conservation, experimental forests, medical plant garden


• Conservation of aquatic species: • In-situ conservation: Vietnam has only three marine

protected areas (MPAs) including Hon Mun MPA in Nha Trang Bay (2001), Cham Island MPA (2003) and Phu Quoc MPA (2007)

• Ex-situ conservation: total of 75 varieties of 63 species

• Annually, new fish genetic resources are collected, added and developed.

• The cryopreservation techniques of aquatic animal sperm have been also applied since 1999



• Activities undertaken in Vietnam to maintain indigenous knowledge (IK) of associated biodiversity

Regarding documentation and dissemination, not many studies on Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) have been done in Vietnam.

Only two main official publications on IKS including Indigenous Knowledge of the Vietnam Agriculture and Natural Resources Management and the Role of Customary Law in Rural Sustainable Development.

The IK studies have just been collected and published in the national language.

IK contents have not been integrated in the curriculum of formal education system Best practice regarding the role of IK in conserving natural resources is the application

of spiritual forest. Application of agro-forestry models, improve incomes of local community and ensures

sustainable use of land in accordance with sustainable forest management.

• Vietnam’s government has issued/and/or developed a number of:

– legal documents supporting sustainable use of biodiversity;

– policies supporting application of ecosystem approach to

conserve and use biodiversity for food and agriculture:

– planned actions and future priorities to improve the

conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity for food

and agriculture:

– planned actions and future priorities to support conservation

and management of the components of associated

biodiversity and wild foods:

The state of interventions The state of interventions

• Major landscape based initiatives to protect areas of

land and water of particular significance for

biodiversity for food and agriculture:

Xuan Thuy National Park

Can Gio Biosphere Reserve

Ba Vi National Park

Tram Chim National Park

U Minh Thuong National Park

The state of interventions The state of interventions

Future agendas Future agendas

• Action plan and future priorities to improve the conservation and

sustainable use of biodiversity for food and agriculture

Improving food security: National strategy on climate change 2011; National

target program to respond to climate change to implement the

Government’s Resolution (2007) of Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment; The Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy for the period

2011-2020 (2012); The strategy development of the Mekong River Basin

based on integrated management of water resources for sustainable

development (2011)

Improving rural livelihoods: Hunger eradication and poverty reduction:

Strategy for Comprehensive Growth and Poverty Reduction to the year 2010;

National Biodiversity Strategy 2013; Vietnam Strategy for Forestry

Development for the period 2006-2020; Vietnam's fisheries Development

Strategy to 2020 (2010); The 5 million Hectares Reforestation Program;

Vietnam Forestry Development Strategy 2006 – 2020 (2007)

Supporting sustainable intensification: Vietnam Sustainable Development

Strategy for 2011 – 2020 (2012)

Improving productivity: Action plan to improve performance, quality, and value of production forests

Supporting ecosystem function and the provision of ecosystem services: Pilot policy); National biodiversity strategy 2013; Forest Ecosystem Payment Services; Forest Certificate for Ecosystem Services;

Improving the sustainability and resilience of production systems: Master plan to develop agricultural production); Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy for the period 2011-2020; the forestry development strategy in Vietnam during 2008-2020 (2007); Strategy on development of science and technology in agriculture and rural development period 2013 – 2020; the livestock development strategy by 2020; Master plan for aquaculture development by 2020, vision to 2030 (2013); The irrigation planning in the Mekong river delta from 2012 to 2020 and orientations to 2050 and The irrigation planning in the Red river delta from 2012 to 2020 and orientations to 2050 (2012)

Future agendas Future agendas

Shortcomings and obstacles in preparation of the report Shortcomings and obstacles in preparation of the report

• Shortcomings:

The information on the general descriptions of production is not

included in the report due to the unavailability of information

The evaluation by grading (2, 1, 0, -1, -2) in Chapters is estimated

Chapter 4 has not been completed.

• Obstacles:

The information and data on biodiversity for food and agriculture is

fragmented and scattered mostly from some projects, programs

without government statistic system.

species list or composition not separated for only food and

agriculture.

Many of available data sets are mainly maintained by individuals.

Lack of resources for collect information and develop databases.

Databases, information is not regularly updated due to low priority and/or insufficient funding; information is limited, outdated, un-standardized and often un-reviewed.

Lack of practical guideline or protocol on establishing biodiversity database, developing and implementing biodiversity information.

Inappropriate perception on data ownership is among the biggest barrier for information exchanging and/or sharing in Vietnam.

Disparity of data formats makes it difficult to share data among biodiversity databases.

The sharing data/information is through personal contacts not in public

Shortcomings and obstacles in preparation of the report Shortcomings and obstacles in preparation of the report

Next steps

• Fulfill the gap of data/information

– Developing and operating a biodiversity database

system and identification of mechanisms to share, exchange, and manage information

– Promote the closer and integrated working

relationships between key and relevant

department/agencies and stakeholders;

– Promoting the support from international community

in information system for diversity

Thank for your attention

vietnam’s report on biodiversity for food and … · chapter 4 has not been completed. •...

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