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VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATESAnimals with backbone.Five groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

a. FISHan aquatic animal that breathes through it gills, and has a skeleton made of either bones or cartilages

BONY FISHfish that have a swim bladder, a gas-filled sac that allows them to rise or sink in the water.

MILK FISH

TILAPIA

MUDFISH

CATFISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISHthis type of fish has spindle-shaped bodies and tail fins that are used in swimming.are generally covered with scales and are cold blooded.

SHARK

STINGRAY

b. AMPHIBIANSare cold-blooded vertebrate that is covered with moist skin, lay eggs in water, and has a three-chambered heart.

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FROG

SALAMANDER

NEWTS

TOAD

BULLFROG

CAECILIANS

c. REPTILESare cold-blooded animals that is covered with scales and reacts to the temperature of its surroundings.

ALLIGATORS

CROCODILES

LIZARD

SNAKE

TURTLE

TORTOISE

GECKOS

IGUANA

CHAMELEONS

d. BIRDSare vertebrates that are warm blooded, has a spindle-shaped body, and is covered with feathers.

OSTRICH

HERONS

DUCKS

GOOSE

EAGLE

PARROTS

HAWK

SPARROW

PIGEON

CHICKEN

TURKEY

QUAIL

PEACOCK

e. MAMMALSare warm blooded animals that has a hairy body.common mammals include the primates, marsupial, rodents, cetaceans and seals.

PRIMATESthe highest order of mammals characterized by hands and feet with nails, eyes that face forward, and a well-developed brain.

ORANGUTAN

MONKEY

GORILLA

CHIMPANZEE

BABOON

LEMUR

MARSUPIALSare mammals that gives birth to a young that crawls into a special abdominal pouch near the mothers mammary glands.

KOALA

WALLABIES

KANGAROO

RODENTSmammals that is also known as gnawing animals because of the way it eats with its large incisors.

SQUIRREL

PORCUPINES

CHIPMUNK

BEAVER

RABBIT

HARE

MICE

CETACEANSmammals that lives in water, but must come to the surface to breathe air through its blowhole.

WHALE

BLUE WHALE

DOLPHIN

PORPOISES

SEALa marine mammal with flippers that propel quickly through the water.

SEAL

SEA LION

WALRUSES

INVERTEBRATESAnimals that does not have backbone.Nine groups: protozoans, poriferans, coelenterates, platyhelminths, nematodes, annelids, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods.

1. PROTOZOANSare simple, microscopic, and single-celled animals.Certain protozoans live in stagnant freshwater ponds, soil, and decaying matter.

a. AMOEBAis a protozoan with a clear shapeless cell. It can move slowly along a surface by using its pseudopodia or false feet.

b. PARAMECIUMis a slipper shaped protozoan that moves by means of cilia or short hairlike projections.

c. EUGLENAis a cylindrical-shaped protozoa that has a flagellum or a whip like extension used for movement.

2. PORIFERANSa pore bearing animals.The bodies of poriferans are thick walled bags with pores that serves as the entrance of water that carries the food materials.

SPONGEare simple organism made up of many cells. They are fixed in one place.

3. COELENTERATESOr cnidarians are radially symmetrical animals with tentacles around their mouth.

a. JELLYFISHare marine coelenterates with bodies that are hollow umbrella-shaped bags.Their tentacles can sting other animals and inject a poisonous substance.

b. HYDRAit has a slender cylindrical body with threadlike tentacles around the mouth that are used to catch its prey.

c. CORALcoral is actually made up of thousands of tinyanimalscalled polyps.

4. PLATYHELMINTHSInvertebrates that have long, flat, and ribbon like bodies.They are parasitic. They live in the intestines and feed on the digested food of their host.

a. FLUKEis a worm that invades the liver, bile duct, gallbladder, intestine, or lung in certain animals.

b. TAPEWORMIs a symmetrical and long ribbonlike flatworm that infests the intestines of humans and other vertebrates.

c. PLANARIANIs the simplest flatworm that can be found in fresh water and saltwater.

5. NEMATODESare round worm.Considered as parasites.

a. ASCARISis a round worm, elongated and cylindrical intestinal worm that infects human.

b. FILARIAL WORMis a small threadlike roundworms that are carried as larvae by mosquitoes and other biting insects.Elephantiasis-tissue swelling.

c. HOOKWORMare grayish white or pinkish round worms with slightly bent and hook-shaped heads.

6. ANNELIDSalso known as ring worm or segmented worm live in freshwater, marine and moist terrestrial habitats.

a. LEECHare parasitic segmented worms known as blood suckers.

b. EARTHWORMis found in soil. They are commonly called as night crawlers.

7. ECHINODERMSare marine invertebrates with spines. They use their spine from predators.Podia is a tube feet with suckers that are used to move along a substrate.

a. STARFISHthey have several arms that radiate from a central body. Their pincer like structures are use for protection.

b. SEA URCHINare globe-shaped.Movable long spines which are poisonous.

c. SEA CUCUMBERit grows under water. They feed on algae and tiny aquatic animals.

d. SEA LILIEShave a mouth located at the center and have five or more feathery arms.

8. MOLLUSKare animals with soft fleshy bodies that are usually covered by shell.Divided into three groups: univalves, bivalves and head-footed mollusks.

UNIVALVESCovered with one piece of shell.

a. SLUGare mollusks that have small internal shell and soft and slimy body.

b. SNAILhave flattened muscular foot with a head that bears stalked eyespots.

BIVALVESthose covered with two pieces of shells.

c. CLAMShave a long tubular siphon that is used to suck food, breathe and eliminated wastes.

d. MUSSELthey attached themselves to rocks or other hard surfaces through a fine thread called byssus.

e. OYSTERusually oval or pear-shaped and whitish gray. Pond in shallow waters forming large colonies.

HEAD-FOOTED MOLLUSKSnot covered by shell .

f. SQUID

g. OCTOPUS

9. ARTHROPODSare group of animals characterized by segmented chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages.

a. INSECTSare arthropods that have three pairs of legs, or one or two pair(s) of wings and a pair of antennae.

b. CRUSTACEANSare arthropods that live mostly in the oceans. They possess five pairs of legs, a pair of pincers and an external shell that protects their body.

c. ARACHNIDSare arthropods that have four pairs of legs. Their head and thorax are single prosoma or anterior part of the body.

d. MYRIAPODSare arthropods with many legs.