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June 13-19, 2014 Issue #00177

TIDBITS® CHECKS OUT

HORSES, DONKEYS, & MULESby Patricia L. Cook

Horses, donkeys, and mules are similar, related animals. The biggest differences are in their chromosomes. (Now, if you want to study the genetics, research it elsewhere, not in Tidbits!)

• Horses have 64 chromosomes; donkeys have 62. When mated they produce mules or hinnies that have 63 chromosomes. A mule is the offspring of a mare (female horse) and a jack (male donkey). The offspring from male horses (stallion) and female donkeys (jinnets) are called hinnies. Most people just lump mules and hinnies together and call them mules. (We’ll call them mules in most of this article.)

• Mules are hybrids, each having one donkey and one horse parent. They can be male or female but they can’t reproduce because of the odd number of chromosomes; they are sterile (99.9% sterile). Very rarely, 1 in 1 million, female mules have given birth but no male mule has ever been known to sire a little one. Male mules actually need to be gelded or castrated so they are more sociable, mild mannered and, hence, safer for their handlers.

• Other names used for mules and hinnies are: Johns or Jacks (male) and Mollies or Jennys (female).

turn the page for more!

Across1 Home to Iran’s Iron Age Museum7 Like some closet findings?15 Time’s 1986 Woman of the Year16 Float, in a way17 Mix up18 The Joker or The Penguin19 Steep-angle shot20 Kuala Lumpur native21 Sailor’s direction22 Hero who first appeared in 191224 Needle point?25 Hustles27 Card, e.g.28 Shorten, maybe30 Jellyfish relatives32 Year in Nero’s reign33 University of Wyoming city34 Guatemalan currency, or the colorful bird it’s named for38 Capital of 35-Down39 Ratatouille ingredient40 Quaker in the woods43 Next in line

44 Revival figs.45 STARZ competitor46 Tapped trees48 Risk49 Waits52 Bit of wisdom54 How World Series winners celebrate55 Jazz pianist Hancock56 Not anymore57 Like some biblical boarders58 Play areas59 Directs

Down1 Monument on the Yamuna River2 Maker of FlavorSplash beverages3 Piece of crummy advice4 Kids5 Sound, maybe6 Ballet-dancing Muppet7 Lowlifes8 Defensive fiber9 2-Down alternative10 Water __11 LAX listings12 One seeking the way?

13 Not tense14 “Camelot” lyricist20 1957 R&B chart-topper inspired by a schoolteacher23 Hall of fame26 Urban air problem28 Paris preposition29 Graceful31 It might be a warning32 Money34 Bee output35 Hwange National Park setting36 Preceding

37 Dragging39 Gentle breezes40 Agreement41 1862 battle site42 Distillery waste43 1980s middleweight champ46 One in a humming swarm47 Beat50 Column-lined walkway51 Fair sight53 Deco pseudonym55 Presley’s “__ Latest Flame”

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CROSSWORD

HORSES, DONKEYS & MULES (continued):

• Have you heard the term “longears?” It is an endearing term used for donkeys and mules. Horses have small ears, donkeys and mules have long ones. Mules’ ears are not quite as long as donkeys. A hinny’s ears are shorter and much wider than donkey ears.

• The tails of mules, donkeys and horses are different. Donkey tails are similar to cow tails with a tuft of hair on the end. They are not as long as the tails of horses and mules. Tails of horses and mules have long thin hair that goes all the way to the end of their tails.

• When a horse is scared or “spooked,” it will run but a donkey will either stand and defend its ground (fight) or just simply “freeze.” So, what does a mule do? It can choose either one since it is part horse and part donkey!

• Donkeys and mules are considered more intelligent than horses. When they “freeze” it is part of their “well-developed instinct for self-preservation.” Considered stubborn, most experts think they are just thinking over the situation at hand and are not likely to put themselves in danger. Horses allow themselves to be worked until they are exhausted; mules won’t. According to ruralheritage.com, “a mule will trust its own judgement before it trusts yours.”

• Mules, as with most hybrids, were bred to join the desirable qualities of donkeys and horses. They get their strength and stamina from horses and their patience, sure-footed gate and intelligence from donkeys.

• Even when working regularly mules and donkeys live longer than horses. A farm mule can work hard for 18 years, where a horse is only good for about 15. Mules that are well cared for and do lighter work have been known to live for 30-40 years.

• Most donkeys and mules are used for work on farms and trail rides, either packing humans or cargo. They are considered “beasts of burden.” The term, defined as “animals used for transporting loads or doing other heavy work,” is also used for elephants and oxen.

• Mules are used by the U.S. Army to carry supplies in Afghanistan and other places where the terrain is difficult.

• There are 185 breeds of donkeys, with about 41 million in the world today. Used in many places around the world, China has the most

with about 11 million.

• George Washington is considered to be the “Father of the American Mule.” In 1785 he was gifted a large Spanish jack from King Carlos III of Spain. The next year, 1786, he received a Maltese jack and two jennets from French General Lafayette. He had his prize mares (horses) bred to his new jacks and became the first mule breeder in America.

• Other famous Americans who “connected” with mules were: Buffalo Bill Cody, Mark Twain, Harry Truman, Ken Curtis and Ronald Reagan. Ken Curtis played Festus on the long-running television western, Gunsmoke.

• Not only were mules used in western ranch settings, they were used to help populate the western United States. Mules could pull loaded wagons 30 miles (48.3 km) per day as compared to wagons pulled by horses or oxen that could only average about five miles (8 km) per day.

• The discovery of borax in Death Valley, California in the early 1890’s, lead to a major job for mules in the west. You’ve probably heard of 20 Mule Team® Borax. Sodium tetraborate is the scientific name for borax.

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The Stanley Cup The Stanley Cup is one of the world’s most recognized trophies. Come along with Tidbits as we find out interesting facts about it!

• In 1888, Queen Victoria appointed Lord Stanley of Preston to serve as Governor General of Canada. While in Canada, Lord Stanley became interested in the game of ice hockey. His two sons got involved in the game, and they encouraged their father to donate something that would serve as a trophy for the loosely organized amateur championship. Stanley subsequently purchased a punchbowl made by a silversmith in London, paying ten guineas for it, which would be equal to about $1,250 in today’s dollars. He had it inscribed with the words “Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup” on one side of the rim, and “From Stanley of Preston” on the other side of the rim. This was the birth of the Stanley Cup.

• Ironically, Stanley himself never got the chance to present the cup to a championship winner because his brother died in England shortly after he purchased the cup. He resigned as Governor of Canada and returned to England to take over his brother’s political position, while his son went on to become the founder of ice hockey in Great Britain. Before he left Canada, Stanley appointed two people to be keepers of the cup, one of whom ended up holding the job for the next 56 years.

• The very first presentation of the Stanley Cup occurred in 1893 when it was awarded to the Montreal Hockey Club. Stanley had stipulated that the trophy would not be owned by any team, but would instead simply be used by the winning team, while still

remaining under the stewardship of the two trustees appointed to be keepers of the cup.

• As the years passed, winning the Stanley Cup became more and more prestigious, so much so that in 1906 a resolution was passed allowing professional players to compete for the cup alongside the amateur players. From that point on, the Stanley Cup became a symbol of professional hockey supremacy, while the Allan Cup was introduced as the symbol of amateur hockey supremacy. Prior to 1912, any team could challenge any other team for ownership of the cup at any time. After 1912, a rule was passed saying the cup could only change hands at the end of the annual championship playoffs. A further resolution was passed in 1914 stating that any hockey team in the world could compete for the cup, rather than limiting it to Canadian teams only.

• The original Stanley Cup sat upon a base made of a silver band. Lord Stanley stipulated that each winning team could have the silver band inscribed in order to commemorate their achievement. Teams began to inscribe the silver band with the name of every member on their team, which necessitated that more and more bands of silver be added to the base of the original cup. Soon the cup was so long and unwieldy that it became known as “The Stovepipe Cup”. In 1948, the cup was redesigned to be a two-piece trophy with a removable bowl and collar. The old set of bands was eventually replaced with a single five-band barrel, with each barrel containing the inscriptions of 12 winning teams. When all the bands of the barrel are full, the top band is removed and displayed in the Hockey Hall of Fame, while a new blank band is added to the bottom. Thus the size of the Stanley Cup was fixed, and it now is about 90

centimeters tall and weighs just under 16 kilograms.

• Today there are three Stanley Cups. The original bowl which Lord Stanley donated was used until 1970, when it was retired because it was becoming too brittle. It’s now displayed at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. The Presentation Cup is an exact duplicate which was made in 1963 and was used in secret for several years before the replacement was revealed. It’s the Cup that’s currently awarded to the winning team each year. There is also a Replica Cup, a duplicate of the trophy created in 1993, which is used as a stand-in at the Hockey Hall of Fame whenever the Presentation Cup is not available for display.

Facts & Figures

• The smallest town to produce a Stanley Cup champion team is Kenora, Ontario, population 4,000. The Kenora Thistles won the cup in 1907.

• Daniel Cleary was the first Newfoundlander to win the Cup. In 2008, he brought the Cup to his hometown of Harbour Grace, attracting a crowd of 27,000 people to the tiny town whose population was just over 3,000.

• There was no Stanley Cup winner in 1919 due to the flu epidemic, which sickened several members of the Montreal Canadiens before the final game, killing one.

• The next time there was no Stanley Cup winner was in 2005 when a labor dispute between the NHL owners and the NHL Player’s Association let to the cancellation of the entire season. Governor General Adrienne Clarkson suggested the Cup be presented to the top women’s hockey team that year, but the idea was voted down, and the Clarkson Cup was created instead.

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Famous CanadiansRICK MORANIS

Frederick Alan Moranis was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on April 18, 1953. Known as Rick, he is mostly known for the nerdy characters he has played, usually wearing large glasses, and his short (5 ft. 4 in. or 1.625 m) stature. • Moranis started his career as a high school

student in Toronto with a part-time job as a radio engineer, eventually becoming a popular deejay.

• His big break came when he landed a hit part on the popular Second City TV (SCTV) show in 1980. A requirement for actors on the show was that they had to include “identifiable Canadian content” in each episode. Moranis and his cohort, Dave Thomas, created two silly dimwitted brothers, Bob and Doug MacKenzie, who were a pair of “beer-guzzling, back-bacon-chewing hosers.”

• Thomas and Moranis played the brothers on the weekly show called The Great White North and

have been credited with instilling the Canadian “eh” at the end of sentences, getting many extra laughs from their fellow Canadians and the North American fans to the south. The series spawned a feature film, Strange Brew, in 1983.

• After leaving Second City TV, Moranis was in two Ghostbusters movies, Little Shop of Horrors, and his very memorable role as the eccentric inventor, Wayne Szalinski, in Honey I Shrunk the Kids in 1989, and Honey I Blew Up the Kid in 1992. Later, in 1997, he played Szalinski again in the direct-to-video movie, Honey We Shrunk Ourselves.

• Some other films that Moranis has been a part of are: Little Giants, in 1994: Big Bully, in 1995; and he played Barney Rubble in The Flintstones, in 1994.

• Moranis lost his wife, Ann, after a battle with liver cancer in 1991. He moved from his transplanted home in Hollywood back to Canada in 1997 to raise his two children. Moranis intended for his “retirement” to only

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RICK MORANIS (continued):last a few years, but realized that he didn’t miss

the pressure of life in Hollywood. • Moranis still does occasional voice work on

movies, such as Brother Bear. On acting, he has said, “I’m really not an actor. I’m a guy who comes out of comedy, and my impetus was always to rewrite the line to make it funnier, not to try to make somebody’s precious words work.” He liked the ability to change lines like he did in his earlier movies.

• A few extra notes about Moranis: He was featured on the cover of the first issue of Disney Adventures magazine in 1990; he was the only cast member on SCTV who didn’t come from the Second City theatre; he had a letter published in Mad Magazine, Issue #120, July 1968, titled, “Don Martin Looks at Frogs;” and, he released a comedy/country album in September 2005, titled The Agoraphobic Cowboy.

• In 2013, eight years after The Agoraphobic Cowboy, Moranis released another musical comedy album. My Mother’s Brisket & Other Love Songs, brings music and laughter derived from his Jewish upbringing. Included songs are “Oy, The Mistakes I Made” and “I Can’t Help It, I Just Like Christmas.”

Page 6 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

Q: Our German Shepherd will sit next to my husband while he eats or watches TV, with his ears back, snarling and whining. Why? She never does this with me. Does she want more attention, or is she trying to dominate him?

A: It’s very possible your dog is seeking attention. However, she’s not trying to dominate anyone. Veterinary behaviorist Dr. Ilana Reisner, of Philadelphia, PA, explains, “Dogs aren’t driven to be socially dominant to people. It’s an old theory, and today we know it doesn’t apply.” For more information on dominance, the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior has a position statement on the topic, http://avsabonline.org/uploads/position_statements/dominance_statement.pdf. If your dog growled just once, and someone (most notably, your husband) responded, the attention-seeking behavior might have been reinforced. Or maybe it’s reinforced frequently (you don’t mention how often you or your husband respond). It’s odd that your dog is growling and whining at the same time. Both are signals which solicit attention from people, but they carry very different meanings. Also, Reisner wonders if what you’re observing is actually a submissive grin, an appeasement signal typically offered to other dogs. If you have a smart phone, videotape the behavior so your veterinarian can see what’s going on. In any case, Reisner suggests giving your dog a place to munch on a chewie, perhaps in the same room as the dinner table - but on the other side of the room. For example, you could stuff low fat cream cheese or peanut butter into a Kong toy (there are many varieties). Or just teach your dog to lie on a mat when you’re eating or watching TV. A dog trainer, certified dog behavior consultant, or veterinary behaviorist cold assist with training.

Canadian Tid-bits▶ The Cup holds 14 cans of beer.

▶ There are currently 2,267 names engraved on the Cup.

▶ There are 11 misspellings on the Cup, most of which have never been corrected.

▶ Henri Richard of the Montreal Canadiens won a record-setting 11 Stanley Cups between 1956 and 1973. By comparison, Wayne Gretzky won only four.

▶ In 2003, the Hockey Hall of Fame website began keeping a journal of the Cup’s travels, including details on every event it attends, everything that happens to it, and every place it goes, with plenty of information about the adventures of the players as well.

▶ The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are currently the last Canadian-based team in the NHL to win the cup after winning it in 1993.

▶ It is the most-traveled championship trophy in the world. The Cup has logged more than 640,000 kilometres during the past five seasons alone.

▶ The Cup has its own Facebook page.

HORSES, DONKEYS & MULES (continued):

• Borax is a “naturally occurring substance produced by the repeated evaporation of seasonal lakes.” It looks like cotton balls! Nothing is added to borax for household cleaning and laundry use. The product is washed, dried and boxed. Borax is also used in other ways, such as in the glass industry.

• The removal and hauling of borax from Death Valley was not an easy chore. The nearest railroad junction for getting the product out of the valley to consumers was in Mojave, California, 165 miles (266 km) away. Mules were an important part of the solution for bringing borax to market.

• The idea of using 20-mule teams started with William Tell Coleman’s borax company. (By the way, the 20-mle teams were actually 18 mules and 2 horses!) Two teams were hitched together to form a 20-mule team that was 100 feet (30.5 m) long. The teams pulled two 16-foot (4.9 m) long wagons loaded with borax and a 1,200 gallon (4542.5 l) water tank. The total weight pulled by each 20-mule team was over 36 tons (32659 kg).

• Between 1883 and 1889, more than 20 million pounds (9,071,846 kg) of borax was hauled out of Death Valley by the 20-mule teams. The mule teams were eventually replaced by a rail spur.

• The “20-Mule Team” symbol, still seen on boxes of detergent and other places, was first used in 1891 and registered as a trademark in 1894.

• The Twenty Mule Team Museum in Boron, California, has been opened since 1984. The museum offers interesting information about the borax industry and the famous mule teams.

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Rowing & Dragon Boat - Lap the Lake 2014 Saturday, June 14, 2014 from 9am at Vernon Rowing and Paddling Centre, Swan Lake, Vernon. Exciting fun for rowers of all ages and abilities - Lap the Lake is the perfect opportunity to discover a new and exciting place to row. Time and details will be added as they become available. Contact lisa@gorowandpaddle.org for more information.

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