verksamhets- och affärssystem att integrera verksamheten genom informationssystemet...
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Verksamhets- och affärssystem
Att integrera verksamhetengenom informationssystemet
INFORMATIONSFLÖDE
MATERIALFLÖDE
TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer
CustomerVendor Manufacturing Distribution Store
Verksamhets- och affärssystem
Att integrera verksamhetengenom informations-systemet
TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer TransferTransfer
CustomerVendor Manufacturing Distribution Store
Företaget
Partners
Kunder
Kursinnehåll
Enterprise Modelling- Goal Modelling- Analysis Patterns- FLBC
Enterprise ApplicationIntegration- Message Brokers- Process Integration
Enterprise Systems- Functionality- Architecture
Systemaspekter
MÅL
OBJEKTHAND-LINGAR
styr
påverkar
uttryckerönskvärdatillstånd hos
Architectural Patterns
• Context– Designing a living room
• Problem– Making people feel comfortable
• Forces– People want to sit down– People want to be close to the light
• Solution– Put a sitting place close to the windows
Design Patterns
• Context– Developing software with a human-computer
interface• Problem
– Interfaces vary often• Forces
– Easy to modify the interface– Modifying the interface should not impact the
application logic• Solution
– Model-View-Controller
A Design Pattern - MVC
Model
core data
notifygetData
View
myModel
displayupdate
Controller
myView
handleEventupdate
Properties of Patterns
• Address recurring problems
• Document well-proven experience
• Specify abstract solutions
Analysis Patterns
Employment
Period of Time
Organisation
Person
A person is employed in an organisation for a periodof time.
Analysis Patterns
Management Role
Period of Time
Organisation
Person
A person has a certainmanagement role for a period of time.
Analysis Patterns
Marriage
Period of Time
Person
Two people are married for a period of time.
Accountability Pattern
PERSON
ACCOUNTABILITY
ORGANISATION
FromTo
TIME PERIOD
Name
ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE
NameAddress
PARTY responsiblecommissioner
1
1 1
1**
* *
Accountability Pattern
ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE
PARTY
The Accountability Pattern can be used to model situations where there exists a relationship of responsibility between two parties:- Employment- Order- Contract- Membership- Offering
ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE specifies different kinds of accountability. In an employment context, it could contain: permanent employment, project employment, time limited employment, etc.
Accountability
:Accountability typename = permanent
:Accountability:Time period
from = 970101to = 001231
:Personname = ‘Peter’
:Organisationname = ‘IBM’
responsiblecommissioner
This instance diagram states that Peter is employed by IBM 970101 - 001231.
Hierarchy Pattern
STATE
COUNTRY
CITY
The Hierarchy Pattern is used to describe situations where certain objects are subordinated to other objects.
USA
California
San Francisco Los Angeles
Washington
Seattle
Massachusetts
Boston
Measurable Properties
NameBlood pressureWeightLengthAgeShoe sizeTemperatureIQEQ
PERSONA person may have a largenumber of properties thatare quantitative.
Representing all theseproperties in a schema can make it exceedingly large.
Measurement Pattern
Phenomenon type
MeasurementObject Quantity
1
**
*1 1
The Measurement Pattern enables a compact representationof quantitative properties.
A measurement measures thequantity of a phenomenon type for a certain object.
Measurement Pattern
:Phenomenon typename = temperature
:Measurementdate = 000101
:Objectname = ‘Peter’
:Quantityunit = Celsiusvalue = 37.5
This instance diagram states that Peter has the temperature 37.5 degrees Celsius 000101.
Category Observation
Some properties are not quantitative, but rather classifyobjects into different groups, for example the gender or nationality of a person.
Phenomenon type
Category observation
Object Category
1
**
*1 1
Category Observation
:Phenomenon typename = gender
:Category observationdate = 000101
:Objectname = ‘Peter’
:Categoryvalue = male
This instance diagram states that Peter has the gender male 000101.
Observation Pattern
Phenomenon type
ObservationObject
1
**
*
1
1
Category observation
Measurement
CategoryQuantity
1*
Measurements and category obser-vations can be combined intoone pattern.
Action Pattern
PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION
TIME POINT ACTION
PARTY
LOCATION
An action is carried out by a party at a certain point in time at a certain location.
An action may be only proposed or it may be implemented, i.e. carried out.
Action Pattern
:Personname = ‘Peter’
:Proposed actionname = surgery
:Implemented actionname = ‘surgery
:Locationroom = C604
:Time pointdate = 990101
time = 1.00 a.m.
:Locationroom = C608
:Time pointdate = 990101
time = 2.00 a.m.
Booking
FromTo
BOOKING
RESOURCE
1
*
for
Using this simple booking schema, we can express that different resources are booked for different time intervals.
In some situations, we do not want to book a specific resource, but rather a general resource type. For example, we only state that we want to book an anaesthesia nurse, it does not matter who. In other cases, we really want to book a specific nurse, say Ed Wallen.
Assets and other Resources
Some resources are consumed in an activity, e.g. in a surgery blood plasma is consumed.
Other resources are not consumed in an activity but can be reused. For example, a nurse is not consumed in a surgery.
Resource Allocation Pattern
RESOURCE TYPE
FromTo
TEMPORAL RESOURCE
SPECIFIC RAGENERAL RA
Quantity
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
ASSET TYPE ASSET
1
1
1
1
*
*
*
*
Resource Allocation
:General RAquantity 3
:Resource Typename = Blood plasma
:Asset Typename = Nurse
:Assetname = ‘Peter’
:Specific RA
:Temporal Resourcefrom = 0101, 04
to = 0101, 06
Three bags of blood plasma are allocated - we do not care which ones.
Peter is allocated for two hours.
Exercise
The Resource Allocation Pattern has
a number of limitations. Identify
these and construct an extension of
the pattern that overcomes these
limitations. Consider whether it
would be worthwhile to have
several variants of the pattern to
cover different situations.
Action and Resource Allocation
PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION
ACTION
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
books uses
A proposed action books resources, while an implemented action uses resources.
Plans
PLAN
PROPOSED ACTION
*
*
contains
The simplest way to model a plan is to say that it consists of a number of proposed actions.
Example: Plan for dinner party consists of buying food, cooking, and making the table.
One limitation of this model is that we cannot express dependencies between proposed actions, i.e. that certain actions have to be performed before others.
Plan Pattern
PLAN
ACTION REFERENCE
*
1
contains
PROPOSED ACTION
1
*precedes
By adding a type ACTION REFERENCE, we can express precedence relationships among proposed actions in a plan. We can also add descriptions of the role of an action within a plan, e.g. whether it is optional or not.
Subtypes
VEHICLE
BIKETRUCKBOATCAR
One way to show different categories is to introduce a number of subtypes. However, such a solution may result in a very large schema.
Powertypes
VEHICLE
VEHICLE TYPE
1
*
VEHICLE TYPE would have instances such as:Car, Truck, Boat, Bike, MC, Aeroplane, ...
VEHICLE would have instances such as:abc123 (which is a Car), vv22 (which is a Boat), ...
Purpose of Goal Models
• Describing the goals of an enterprise
• Showing how the goals are interrelated
• Finding problems that hinder goal fulfilment
• Finding opportunities that facilitate goal fulfilment
A Goal Model
Goal2: To minimiselibrary costs
Goal1: To provideadvanced servicesto customers
Goal3: To deliveritems electro-nically
Goal4: To main-tain high stockavailability
Opportunity1: Advanced ICT
Problem1: IntellectualProperty Rights
A Goal Model for a Library
supports
supports supports
hinders
hinders
Components of a Goal Model
GoalA desired state
ProblemA state of affairsthat may hindera goal
OpportunityA state of affairsthat may supporta goal
supports
hinders
conflicts
Two goals conflict if the fulfilment of one goal makes it impossible to fulfil the other, and vice versa
En övning
Presidentkandidaten Pelle ställer upp i ett val. Hans främsta motståndare är Eva. Konstruera en målmodell för följande:
• Att vinna valet
• Att få stöd från EU-anhängare
• Att få stöd från EU-kritiker
• Att svärta ned motståndaren
• Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort
• Eva har använt svarta kreditkort
• Att ha många reklaminslag i tv
• Budgeten är begränsad
• Få finansiellt stöd från storföretag
• Skaffa en image som oberoende
• Skaffa en image som hedervärd
Goal1: Att vinna valet
Goal7: Att svärta nedmotståndaren
Opportunity1: Eva har använt svarta kreditkort
supports
supports
Goal9: Att ha en storbudget
Goal6: Att ha mångareklaminslag i tv
Goal8: Att få stödfrån storföretag
supports
supports
supports
Goal5: Skaffa en imagesom hedervärd
Threat2: Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort
supports
hinders
Goal2: Att få stöd från EU-anhängare
Goal3: Att få stöd från EU-kritiker
supports
supports
conflicts
Goal4: Skaffa en imagesom oberoende
hinders
supports