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“VEHICLE TRACKING ALONG WITH THE

ADVANCED RTO TECHNOLOGY”

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S1335

COLLEGE : JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BELGAUM

BRANCH : ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

GUIDEs : PRAKASH B.B AND AKASH BHAGAT

STUDENTS : MANOJ PAI

MANISH MANJREKAR

HARSHADA HUMBARWADI

SAYLEE GINDE

Keywords: PHS (Personal Handy-phone System) Technology, advanced RTO technology, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL),

Introduction:

A vehicle tracking system combines the use of automatic vehicle location in individual

vehicles with software that collects these fleet data for a comprehensive picture of vehicle

locations. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the internet or

specialized software. It is also possible to maintain a record of documents of a vehicle. This

can be done by using a circuit which will maintain a database corresponding to the particular

vehicle. The major advantage of using this technique is that there is no loss of RTO based

documents.

The increase in number of vehicles brings not only revenue but also a tedious job to

Transport Office, Police Department, and others too. It is hard to keep and maintain the

details of the each vehicle, which is running on the road. This inefficiency sets some evil

things to work on road. Such as, in case of hit-and-run or carrying illegal goods over inter-

state cross border or road-robbery cases, police may not trace the culprits very easily, as the

vehicle details are not monitored continuously. City Transports wants to track each buses

details such as departure & arrival time on bus terminal, number of schedules it undergone in

single-day etc.

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Objective:

In GSM technology, the SIM card is bound with the network instead of handset. Hence, one

can easily change the handset by transferring the SIM card. If the SIM is misplaced, one can

lose all the data if the same is not saved in the phone. The GSM works on the basis of Time

Division Multiple Access (TDMA) which allots a specific time period at specific frequency

to the GSM. Sometimes the GPS signals are not accurate due to some obstacles to the signals

such as buildings, trees and sometimes by extreme atmospheric conditions such as

geomagnetic storms.

To overcome these limitations, we are using an alternative technology i.e. PHS (Personal

Handy-phone System) which is simple, economic and indigenous in design. There by

resulting in an effective system for our own network system of vehicle tracking facility from

a remote end like control room.

Methodology: With help of this project, it is possible to easily track particular vehicle for its geographical

locations on a LCD screen. The operator can see the vehicle’s current location in real time

mode. So whenever a vehicle equipped with it ID Transmitter enters a “cell”/geographical

location, that particular “Cell Unit” or “Cell Broadcaster” sends a wireless message to the

centralized base unit. In turn the base unit receives the VHF message from the “Cell

Broadcaster” and after processing and decoding displays the geographical location of the

vehicle on a graphical form on the LCD screen. This way the user can find the whereabouts

of the vehicle in real time mode & if for any reason needs it necessary to lock / immobilize

the vehicle under observation; he can do so with the help of control software.

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Vehicle ID Transmitter

The Fig shows the RF / IR ID Transmitter fitted in the Vehicle. The explanation of

each block goes like this:

RF / IR ID Chip: This is heart of the RF / IR ID Transmitter, as it contains

the Vehicle’s registration number in unique RF / IR code. Every such

transmitter fitted besides the Number Plate is implanted with one RF / IR ID

Chip.

Amplifier: The RF / IR ID coming out of RF / IR ID CHIP are very weak in

nature, and cannot be transmitted as it is. So certain level of amplification is

done using Amplifier stage.

RF / IR Transmitter: This block has nothing but one antenna coil which is

tuned for Radio Frequency range signals. This antenna helps the RF / IR ID

signals to spread around the area for identification purpose.

Power Supply Unit: As the whole RF / IR ID Transmitter Unit goes with the

vehicle, its power supply must be kept compact and compatible with all kinds

of vehicles and its power generators.

AMPLIFIER

IR

ID TRANSMITTER

ID GENERATOR

Fig. Block Diagram of Vehicle ID Transmitter

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

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Vehicle ID Receiver

The explanation of each block goes like this:

RF / IR ID Receiver: The Radio Frequency signal (which contains each vehicle’s

registration number in unique RF / IR code) transmitted by the moving vehicle is

received by this Receiver. This block processes the received signal and gives the

output in 4-bit pattern.

Buffer: This is to provide the stronger current path to the decoded 4-bit signal and also

to isolate the RF / IR ID Receiver section from the rest of the circuit. This stage is

there because the next section deals with the relay and needs the strong signal to drive

its switch to saturation region.

Driver: This block is introduced as 4-bit decoded signals are fed to MC through relay

stage. And relay needs driver stage for its activation.

Relays: The four relays represents 4-bits of the decoded signals and are gets activated

whenever corresponding bit is high.

Motor Controller with LCD display: Micro-controller activates the RF / IR ID

Receiver fitted on front end of Office and hence gets the Vehicle Number of the

entering vehicle (capturing the signal sent by vehicle’s RF / IR ID transmitter). The

micro-controller scans its centralized database and displays the details of that vehicle

with the current time & date on the LCD. The details are: Registration Number &

Model Number with vehicle’s body color, Owner’s Name & Address, Date of

Registration, Current status – Clear or is in black list.

Power Supply Unit: As this stage has driver & relay stages, requires dual

regulated power supply for working purpose. Specially designed +12 & +5

Volts regulated power supply is used to give proper working voltage to the

whole section.

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Fig. Block Diagram of Vehicle ID Receiver

Block Diagram for Vehicle Tracking

Location 2 Location 3 Location n

Fig. Block Diagram for Vehicle Tracking

BUFFER

LCD

Micro-controller

RF ID RECEIVER DRIVER RELAYS

IR Rx

VHF Tx

IR Rx

VHF Tx

IR Rx

VHF Tx

Location 1

IR Rx

VHF Tx

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The public office sets the areas in which the antennas can be placed for displaying the

location of the stolen vehicle. The owner of the vehicle lodges a complaint to the public

office; then the tracking process begins. The public office scans the database for the details of

that particular vehicle which is to be tracked. The IR receiver senses the signal transmitted by

the IR transmitter which is placed in the vehicle. Hence the vehicle is tracked and the location

is displayed on the LCD screen. When the vehicle moves from one area to the other, the

location is updated on the LCD screen.

Conclusion:

To overcome the GSM limitations, we have used an alternative technology i.e. PHS (Personal

Handy-phone System) which is simple, economic and indigenous in design. This resulted in

an effective system for our own network system of vehicle tracking facility from a remote

end like control room. This project successfully demonstrated the tracking of vehicle location

using PHS technology.

Using the advanced RTO technology we efficiently demonstrated the accessing and

displaying the details of the particular vehicle which has entered into the office zone area.

This eliminates the major disadvantage of loss of vehicle documents.

Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) is an advanced method used to track and monitor any

remote vehicle equipped with a software unit that receives and transfers signals through PHS.

Therefore, considering all the safety aspects, a PHS auto tracking device is a necessity in

almost every vehicle. Therefore, AVL can be used for both the small scale as well as large

scale based projects and this technology is always proved to be beneficial for the society.

Future Scopes

The following modifications can be made to the present circuit, which leads to still smarter

project. Present Project can handle only two vehicles, which want to pass the one after the

other, or one-by-one. This will not happen in actual case. The two track road allows two

vehicles at a time, and this complicates the working of the Vehicle Detection Stage. One can

enhance the vehicle detection stage to detect any number of vehicles at a time. The ID of

vehicles can be made more sophisticated and secured by implementing Microcontroller

technology. This system can also be used as advanced Global Positioning

System or as an advanced system for Automation and Vehicle Tracking. This project can

be efficiently used in ‘Vehicle Tracking & Automation’ with further improvements. Such as,

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the vehicle owner can pay the ‘toll fee’ through his credit card by mentioning so in his

application form. Hence forth, whenever he come across such ‘’s, the System detects the

vehicle and charge the fee to his credit card, and allows him to pass the gate without even

interrupting him. That makes the owner to feel-free and saves his time & energy.This project

is open for developments from all sides. It is the users’ imagination which limits the working

of this project. One can go on adding the extra, rich features to this project.

2 3 15 14 12 11 10 9 6 7 1 8 CIRCUIT

DIAGRAM

OF 8-

CHANNEL

To MC +Vcc Motor Power Supply