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VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

INTRODUCTION

• Agriculture is the major occupation in India. Forincreasing the economy, modern techniques areintroduced by using new farming equipments andtechnology.

• India is known as the “Land of Agriculture toincrease the quantity and quality of the yield.

• Modern India Agriculture implement newtechniques to increase the yield.

• The teqnique in agricultural practice is‘Vegetative Propagation’.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

• Vegetative propagation also called as asexualpropagation.

• Vegetative propagation uses several of theplant parts for reproducing the plantasexually.

Uses of Vegetative Propagation

• Vegetative propagation is used to get thesimilar genetic background of mother plants.

• Good skill, knowledge and experience aids invegetative propagation of plants in large scale.

• Vegetative Propagation is widely used inhorticultural crops nurseries.

ADVANTAGES

• Mass production of plants using plant parts ofmother parent.

• No seed is required to multiply varietieshaving desired quantitative and qualitativetraits.

• Useful technique in production of plantswhich are difficult to propagative using seed.

Types of Vegetative Propagation

•Cuttings•Layering •Grafting

CUTTINGS

• One of the easiest way of plant propagation isby using cutting from various parts of plantssuch as:

• Stem cuttings

• Root cuttings

• Leaf cuttings

STEM CUTTINGS

Stem cutting from healthy, disease- free plants, preferably from the upper part of the plants.

Cutting should generally consist of the current or past season’s growth.

Remove any flowers and flower buds when preparing cutting.

ROOT CUTTINGSRoot cutting is one of themost reliable andeconomical ways.

Large fleshy root, thethicker the better.

The best way to keeptrack of “up” and “down” isto make a flat cut on top“up” side, and a slantedcut on “down” or bottomside.

Water the plants to settlethe roots back into soilproperly.

LEAF CUTTINGS

Leaf cuttings are preparedfrom leaves with orwithout their stalk(petioles).

Leaf section cutting canbe used for propagatingplants.

Leaf cutting consist of asingle leaf attached to apiece of 1 to ½ inch stem.

The dominant bud,located where the leafstalk joins the stem willgive rise to a new shootand braches.

LAYERING

• Layering is a means of plant propagation in which aportion of an aerial stem grows roots while stillattached to the parent plant and then detaches as anindependent plant.

• Layering has evolved as a common means ofvegetative propagation of numerous species innatural environments.

• Layering is also utilized by horticulturists topropagate desirable plants.

• Natural layering typically occurs when a branchtouches the ground, whereupon itproduces adventitious root.

TYPES OF LAYERING

Some of the mostcommon method oflayering are:-

Ground layering

Air layering

GROUND LAYERING

Ground layering or moundlayering is the typicalpropagation technique.

The original plants are setin the ground with the stemnearly horizontal, whichforces side buds to growupward.

After these are started, theoriginal stem is buried up tosome distance from the tip.

At the end of the growingseason, the side branches willhave rooted, and can beseparated while the plant isdormant.

Some of these will be usedfor grafting rootsstock.

AIR LAYERING

In air layering (or marcotting), the target region is wounded, or a strip of bark is removed.

Rooting hormone is often applied to encourage the wounded region to grow roots.

When sufficient roots have grown from the wound, the stem from the parent plant is removed and planted.

It can take the layer from a few weeks to one or more growing seasons to produce sufficient roots.

E.g.: Air layering of Limonium dendroides

GRAFTING

• Grafting or Graf tage is a horticulturaltechnique where by tissue from one plant areinserted into those another.

• The technique is most commonly usedasexually propagation of commercially grownplants.

Eg:- mango tree(Malgoa)

TYPES OF GRAFTING

• Some of the most common method of graftingare the following:-

• Splice or whip grafting

• Whip and tongue grafting

• Approach grafting

SPLICE OR WHIP GRAFTING

It is a very simple popular and easy to perform method of grafting for small materials .

It is usually done when the sap has started to rise before the bud break.

WHIP AND TONGUE GRAFTING

It is similar to splicegrafting except that atongue is added to the cutsurface to provide betterfitting and rigidity.

It has the highest rate ofsuccess as it offers themost cambium contactbetween the two species

E.g.: Common in fruittrees like- Bramley Apple

APPROACH GRAFTING

Approach grafting orinarching is used tojoin together plantthat are otherwisedifficult to join.

It is used inpleaching.

The graft can besuccessfullyaccomplished anytime of year.

Eg:- Mango- Malgoa,Guava.

CONCLUSION

Asexual reproduction is the vegetative reproduction inwhich new organism develop from the parent organisms bysimple division. Budding, fragmentation, mitosis,regeneration, vegetative propagation are all the types ofasexual reproduction. In this type of reproduction theproduced organism and the parent organisms are exactlyalike. Thus asexual reproduction doesn't contribute intoevolution as it does not cause variation. But still it'simportant for the growth of the organisms. The sectionexamine the benefits of modern day agriculture a taskmade necessary by the fact that an increasing share of thepopulation has little connection to farms or rural areas. It isimportant to recognize all the techniques in our lifeexperiences.

REFERENCE

• Rieger, R.; Michaelis A.; Green, M. M. (1991).

Glossary Of Genetics (5th Ed.). Springer

• Dr. Valsala Kumar, Msc Phil(phd)(zoology),

New Jyothi Publications, 2008

• Gerard J Tortora; Principles of Anatomy and

Physiology (13th edition)

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