vartika khandelwal m.sc.i.d. commercial portfolio
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
3D Industrial Design
Commercial Design
Aesthetic Sense Space Planner
Creativity Visual Merchandising
2D Drawings
Retail Design Office Design
Perspective View Human Efficiency Industrial Kitchen
Futuristic Purpose Of Design
Brain Storming Requirements
Clientele
Accessories
Idea Generation Orientation
Green Building
P O R T F O L I O
Project Report on
Commercial Space Planning
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College Towards
The Partial Fulfillment of the
Master’s Of Science in Interior Designing
By
Vartika Khandelwal
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel:0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2013-2014
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan
Tel:0145-2624679
Fax : +91 145 2624679
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan
Tel:0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
This Project Report of Ms./Mr. Of Fashion/Interior Design Has Been Graded As
Thanking You
Principal (Seal & Signature)
Acknowledgment The Project “Commercial Space Planning” has enlighten me about various aspects of planning a commercial space. I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne E’cole College and to my Mentors who gave me the opportunity to know about the various aspects of Commercial Space Planning and helped me in preparing the project. Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health because of him I was able to submit my project on time.
Vartika Khandelwal
My College Profile
Today Dezyne E’Cole has emerged as a leader with the ability to integrate knowledge, academic freedom, critical independence and creative thinking. A history of being in existence for 5 years in Ajmer stands as a testimony to our fundamentals where academic excellence lies at the core. The college has stood as a beacon of serious critical engagement, a key enabler in developing competent professionals in the field of design, management and information technology. Dezyne E’cole started in the year 2008 with only four rooms and with a strength of 10 students enrolled in the fashion and interior design Diploma Programme. In the year 2009 the school was granted Bachelor and Master’s Degree in Fashion and Interior Design by the Punjab Technical University.
Further the college was given the authority by the government of Rajasthan in the year 2010 to use the word College and since then Dezyne E’cole College became the name. In the year 2011 college expanded further and was declared a regular college with the granting of authority by the university of Ajmer. This led to the expansion of college and addition of two more courses with Dezyne E’cole, the Department of Administration(BBA), and Information Technology leading to award of Bachelors Degree in Computer Application was added. From then until now, Dezyne E’cole has scaled high academic standards. The faculty resource of the college has grown into a community of leading practitioners, education enthusiasts, entrepreneurs, creative thinkers, researchers and analysts. Invigorating through leadership, research stimulus, industry focus, creative enterprise and peer learning have reinforced the colleges academic bedrock. Fostering a new generation of creative thinkers, today the college is empowered to award Degrees in Undergraduate, Postgraduate studies in the field of Fashion, Interior, Management and Information Technology. Articulating the ideology of world class learning practices, the college has been committed to academic excellence in education. The vision of the college embraces challenges and provides the impetus in setting highest academic standards, Dezyne E’cole continues to strive to be nothing but the best.
Content
1. Introduction. 2. Commercial space. 3. The work of Interior Designer. 4. Projects :
Retail Design
Office Design
Hospitality Design Restaurant Design
5. My assignments 6. Bibliography.
Introduction In the past, Interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of building. The profession of Interior design has been a consequence of the development of the society and the complex architecture that has resulted from the development of industrial processes. Our interact with commercial interiors every day, stopping at a fast food restaurant for a quick lunch or studying for a test at the library. Designing commercial interiors involves designing the interior of any facility that serves business purposes. Facilities that fall under the category of commercial interior design include business that invite the public in. other restrict public access but are business enterprises such as corporate offices or manufacturing facilities. Commercial interiors are also part of publicly owned facilities they are:
Commercial Interior Design
A commercial Interior can be purely functional, such as the offices of a major corporation or a small town travel agency. It was said that commercial design began when the first trade and food stalls opened somewhere in the Mesopotamia or another ancient country. Certainly buildings that housed many commercial transactions or that would be considered commercial facilities today have existed since early human history. In the 20th century reinforced concrete modular construction technologies and numerous other advance in building industry changed the appearance of commercial facilities.
Corporate and Executive offices
Retail/Merchandising Facilities
Healthcare Facilities
Hospitality and Entertainment
Facilities
Industrial Facilities
Transportation Facilities
The early commercial buildings of architects Frank Lloyd Wright, Bauhaus architects such as Walter Gropius and international style architects Le Corbusier, to name just a few, advance commercial architecture and interior design with contemporary aesthetics. New products such as bent tubular steel for furniture designed by Mies ven der rohe. The design of a commercial interior begins with and understanding of the business, which refers to understanding the goals and a purpose of a business. Infact it is important to understand the business specially even before seeking projects in that specialty. The type of Facility is also considered as a important point in commercial design. Space planning, Furniture specification, Materials that can be used, codes that must be adhered to, and the functions and goals of the business are just some of the many factors that influence the interior design based on the type of facility. Location is another issue.
Commercial Space “A place where buying and selling taking place and the retailer get profit from the consumer”. A commercial space, includes offices, Retail stores, Restaurants and other public places. For the better sale in commercial space we should focus on visual merchandising or window display. “Visual Merchandising is an area where we focus how we attract the customer’s to come in the shop or space.” For the successful commercial zone we should focus on the better design. There are many profits of commercial design. If we say about he case of Retail shops, people love to look window-shop and buy. Today shopping as an experience should provide fun, which is turn provides profits. If the retail spaces are well designed it attract the customers and persuading them to spend more time there. It is a place where mainly focus on the needs and satisfactions of the consumer/customer or a person.
The work of Interior Designer
Today people are taking the shopping as an Experience. So for increasing the area of profit the better commercial spaces are needed. For that the designers are focusing on the Visual merchandising, or window display and the Impulse buying. The designer design the exterior and interior of the space because the exterior gives identification, encompasses the store front, show window and displays and the interior’s where the promise of the storefront display is delivered. An commercial designer defining the scope such as detailed drawings, plannings, specifications, and refines the concept. An designer mainly focusing on merchandising because a successful retail or commercial space is an efficient selling machine or sales factory. Merchandising and space must be organized to help the customer in making a selection and to help the sales person in selling. “Easy circulation and exposing the customer to the maximum amount of merchandise the part of good design.”
The Design Process
Design thinking is a mind process. In which the mind of the designer or human being understand the problems which are affect the life cycle of the human being. The “Seven style of Design thinking or Design Process should follow by the designers before start the project. Design thinking consultancy innovates primarily by endowing products, services or relationships with new meanings. The following are the seven style of Design Thinking:
Reflective
Intentional
Explorative
Analytical
Categoric
Synthetic
Test
Evaluate
Reflect
Sense
Goals
Vision
Search
Find
Understand
Model
Structure
Meaning
Arrange
Order
Compose
Feel
Judge
Decide
Make
Share
Show DESIGN
THINKING
RETAIL DESIGN
Introduction
“Retail is the sale of goods and services from the retailer to the consumer.”
As we say people love to look, window-shop, and buy shopping as an
experience should provide fun, which in turn provides profits. A successful
store or shop is one that is designed to merchandise in addition to looking
good. A store can be divided into two principal parts: the exterior, which gives
identification, encompasses the storefront, show windows, and displays, and
the interior, where the promise of the storefront display is delivered.
The storefront and the design of the façade must be attractive in order to
catch the shopper’s attention and to draw the customers in from the street or
from the mall in shopping centers. Graphic identification, with bold colour,
lighting, lettering, and logos and attractive display of merchandise are the
initial steps.
The “show window” displays are set up in a large vestibule, perhaps elevated
or on portable platforms, and become part of the interior. The open or no front
generally promotes more impulse buying; department stores will often make
their entrances and extension of the mall so that the shopper will be easily
enticed into the store. When doors are used, either on the street or on the
mall, they should be well marked and easy to find.
Entrance of the should be easy, related to interior traffic flow and layout, and
should be accessible to vertical transportation, if any.
We should divide the Retail in the following:
RETAIL
Food Grocery Apparel
s
White Goods Accessories
Male/Female
/Child
Local Brand Local Brand
Spencer Nilgiri V Mart
Geetanjali
(Which are helps
for living like
Refrigerator,
Washing Machine)
Titan Tanishq
Principles of Retail Design
In order to design satisfactory shops, the first requirement is an understanding
of those portions of current merchandising theories which affect the design
problem. Briefly, “Merchandising psychology” consists of, first, arousing
interest; second, satisfying it.
The actual sales involves factors of convenience which are desirable in order
to make buying easy, to satisfy customers completely, and to achieve
economy of space and time for the store management.
There are more detailed listing of steps in the merchandising process, as they
affect shop design, follows:
PRINCIPLES
Attracting
Customers
This can be
accomplished by
means of
Advertising,
prices, show-
window displays.
Of these
storefronts and
display windows
are important to
the store
designer.
Inducing
Entrance
Show windows, in
addition to
attracting
passerby, should
induce them to
enter the store.
Show windows,
interior layout of
the shop should
induce the flow of
the customer to
the store.
Organizing store
spaces, and
consequently the
merchandise to be
sold, into
departments,
enables
customers to find
objects easily, and
permits
storekeepers to
keep close check
on profits or
losses from
various types of
goods.
Organizing
store spaces Interior displays of
staple goods and
the other
accessories will be
attract the
customers to get
inn the shop. By it
they get
satisfaction or
relaxation may be
its mental, physical
or both.
Interior
Displays Conveniences like
telephone booths,
drinking fountains,
lavatories or
powder rooms
intended primarily
for the customers
benefit. Depends
on the location,
locality and the
type of shop.
Conveniences
Retail Design Planning Project
During My Commercial Diploma the project is to design a store for one of the
country’s leading furniture and interior finishes Showroom. The space has to reflect
the brand positioning, the range of products and brand image. The space has to be
given due justice to the various sub categories of products, the space and the décor
has to be modular and the space should have the ability to transform, move around
and be utilized as per the product need.
Retail design is an ever evolving field that has to be able to relate to the end user.
The end user comes from various states of the society and the store should be
welcoming to all.
DESIGN BRIEF: The 2,109 sq.mts. floor space is located on the ground floor
of a premium Mall in the upcoming suburbs of Pune. The façade and the store
frontage are of prime importance to the client.
The buildings is on a corner plot surrounded by two roads on the north and
east side. The views from these two sides of the road are other office
buildings on the north and east side. This is just for your knowledge, the store
is inside the mall and has no external view.
Plan of the Showroom
From the case study I collected the Requirements and Non requirements of
the client which are as follows :
Cashiers & Help Desk station
Customer Interaction area
Sofa set display 3/2/1
Display of 2 to 3 bedroom sets
Display of 25 sofas(should comprise
the varied range that durian offers)
Wardrobes(free hand in deciding)
Collection series
Requirements Non-Requirements
Toilet Facilities
Planning: After studied the design brief, requirements & site conditions I
studied the 6 basic plans for the planning layout of the showroom. The 6 plans
are :
This is the kind of plan is very
functional and backup
merchandise. It is good for
jewellery, hardware shoes and
mans shirt and other areas.
Straight Plan Pathway Plan
Diagonal Plan Varied Plan
Curved Plan
Geometric Plan
Straight Plan uses walls &
projection to create smaller spaces
& it is economical. It goes to
Bookstore, Gift shop, Grocery,
Drug, apparel, Departmental store.
This plan pulls the consumer
through the store to the rear
without interruption by floor fixture.
The merits of this layout are that
the path can take any shape.
Diagonal pattern permits angular
traffic flow and creates parameter
design interests and excitement in
movement. This kind of plan invite
movement and circulation.
Geometrical Plan
The designer creates forms with
shapes in this kind of plan. This
plan is more better out of all the
plans. And they can use the wall
angles for better shapes.
The Curved plan is very soft and
more inviting as the angular areas
are softened. These are very good
for boutiques, salons or other high
quality store.
Stra
ig
ht P
la
n
S1
S2
S3
S5
S6
S4
S7
S8
S9
S1
0
S1
1S
12
S1
3
B1
B2
S1
4
W1
W2
S1
5
S1
6
S1
7
S1
8
S1
9
S2
2
S2
3
S2
4
S2
5
S2
1
S2
0
No
rth
15
04
36
9
10
2
37
06
10
2
44
72
10
2
46
22
15
0
11
30
3
17
41
12
01
15
016
90
15
20
16
90
10
00
21
93
15
20
16
90
10
00
En
try
En
try
Main corridor / Pathway
CT
1
CT
1
CT
2
S.no
Product
Size(In m
m.)
Qty.
S
pecification Legend
General N
otes
Project S
pecification
Project
Draw
ing T
itle
Design B
y
Code
1
Com
mercial D
esign
Project
Vartika K
handelw
al
Msc-ID
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B
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C
T2
Keeping
the
six basic plans into
m
ind
I took straight plan
for m
y furn
iture
show
room
. because
in
straight plans I used
different types partition
for the
separation
of the
space
a
nd
projection
to
create
sm
aller spaces &
it is econom
ical too.
With
the
straight plan
i can
also
transform
the
space
w
hich
is called
m
odular space. In
this planning
i took all the
dim
ension of D
urian furniture B
rand w
ith the different types range produ
cts.
Jeckson
Florida
Georgia
Colarado
Brooklyn
Berry_55001
Neveda
Jeckson
Colarado
Berry_55014
Cerolina
Florida
Chester
Man_37412
Georgia
Concord
Bloom
berg
Berry_55014
Washington
Rockford
Madison
Anji_54702
Krrish_56001
Noble_57401
Colarado
Jeckson
Alabam
a
B
2K
rrish_56006
W
1N
oble_57402
C
T1
Bazh_36204
Bazh_36203
2160X
940X
920
1000X
780X
950
1000X
770X
950
2100X
910X
900
970X
880X
740
965X
870X
870
1600X
910X
900
1600X
870X
855
1000X
940X
950
1090X
940X
920
1690X
960X
920
1090X
940X
920
1730X
960X
1000
1560X
780X
950
1470X
770X
950
2100X
910X
900
2000X
900X
920
1500X
940X
850
1480X
940X
950
1600X
940X
920
1630X
960X
860
1020X
950X
890
1010X
940X
920
1640X
1050X
940
1730X
850X
950
2156X
1921X
810
2620X
580X
2220
1100X
600X
420
1200X
550X
350
2156X
1921X
810
2580X
600X
2160
Plan of the F
urniture
Show
room
(D
urian)
Area : 2,109 sq m
ts.
Size:174
74m
mX
11303m
m
Concrete pillar
Brick W
all
Furniture
Given B
y
OFFICE DESIGN
Office Designing
INTRODUCTION: The amount of office space built during the few decades
can be measured in the hundreds of billions of square feet. Within these
buildings, workers spend nearly half their waking hours and a third of their
entire lives.
Over the life span of a typical office building, the same spaces may be
occupied by a succession of different tenants, each with their own
programmatic requirements. Consequently interior spaces may be recycled
and redesigned many times, simply to accommodate the changing needs of
new corporate users. In many instances redesign may be necessitated solely
by the effect of technological change on the methodology of transacting
business. Moreover the escalating costs of land acquisition and construction
and the increasing scarcity of urban building sites make it essential that the
redesign reflects an efficient, cost effective utilization of spaces, as well as
one that is responsive to the human factors involved. It is necessary therefore,
for the designer to be familiar not only with the general planning criteria
associated with office design, but with the architectural detailing of some of
the typical interior elements contained within these spaces.
Accordingly the section includes general planning criteria and examples of
actual working drawings of typical interior conditions, prepared by various
design professionals. The details alluded to include such items as trading
desks, elevated computer floors, library furniture, built-in storage cabinets,
work counters, wall paneling, vanities, reception desks, and conference room
elements. Also included are illustrations and dimensional data pertaining to
typical office furniture, equipment and electronic media storage.
Core Location
.
Diagonal Plan
Curved Plan
Interior
Exterior
Central Off-Centre Split The Primary Advantage of
an exterior core
arrangement is that it
leaves the entire floor area
of the building available for
tenant use. With this type of
arrangement, maximum
flexibility is achieved with
respect to tenant
distribution, office depth
and layout. Since the core
creates a “dead wall” or
portion thereof, it may be
used as a buffer between
the building and an
adjoining property which
may have objectionable
characteristics.
Central: This location allows all window
space to be utilized as rental office space
and depending upon the configuration of the
building plan will permit offices of varying
depths to receive natural light. Provides
good flexibility and a floor plan which is free
from columns.
Problems: Central office location limits the
depth of offices in the midzone of each floor,
thus affecting element of flexibility in office
layout.
Off Center: It presents more flexibility in
maximum depth and arrangement of spaces.
This can be desirable where secretarial or
clerical pools are required. It is also affords
to developing the small secluded spaces.
Problems: It is less convenient to the far
sides and corners of the building. This
location may also lessen flexibility of tenant
distribution.
General Design Principles
1.
2.
Work Flow
Development
of a layout
which Is most
important for
the phase of
space
planning.
Operations,
procedure,
processes involved
in individual or
groups, by
providing work
station patterns
which ensure a
smooth, straight
line flow.
The Best work
flow is to
translate them
into the best
space layout
possible with in
the limitations
imposed by
building
characteristics,
fiscal allotments,
etc.
Straight
Line
The office which
is well planned,
paper goes from
one desk to
another with the
least amount of
handling,
travelling and
delay.
Work should
progress in a
series of straight
lines with a
general forward
movement,
avoiding criss-
cross motions and
backward flow.
Layout is being
developed, the
flow pattern can
be traced from
desk to desk.
WORK STATIONS : All work stations, whether in a private office or in open
space, are reduced to units of furniture and equipment. The basic units of
work stations are desks, and therefore they require the most consideration.
The following General rules are applicable in positioning desks :
Desks should face the same direction unless there is a compelling
functional reason to do otherwise. The use of this technique provides for
straight work flow patterns, facilitates communications, and creates a
neat and attractive appearance.
In open areas, consideration should be given to placing desks in rows of
two. This method will permit the use of bank type partitions as a divider
for those activities which require visual privacy while still obtaining
maximum utilization.
Desks should be spaced at a distance of 6 feet from the front of a desk
to desk behind it. This distance should be increased to 7 feet when
desks are in rows of two, ingress and egress is confined to one side of
the aisle, or in instances where more than two desks side by side
cannot be avoided.
In private offices the desk should be positioned to afford the occupant a
view of the door.
In open work areas the supervisor should be located adjacent to the
receptionist or secretary, access to supervisory work stations should not
be through the work area.
Desk employees having considerable visitor contact should be located
near the office entrance. Conversely, desks of employees doing
classified work should be away from entrances.
WORK STATION: The basic workstation is the fundamental building block in
understanding the anthropometric considerations for the planning and design
of the General office. The work task zone must be large enough to
accommodate the paperwork, equipment, and other accessories that support
the user’s function. The work/activity is established by the space requirements
needed for use of the typical return. In no case should this distance be less
than 30 inches needed to provide adequate space for the chair clearance
zone. The visitor seating zone, ranging is depth form 30 to 42 inches, requires
the designer to accommodate both buttock-knee and buttock-toe length body
dimensions of the larger user. If an overhang is provided or the desk’s
modesty panel is recessed, the visitor seating zone can be reduced due to the
additional knee and toe clearances provided. The specific type and size of the
seating (i.e., if swivels or if it has casters) also influence these dimensions.
STORAGE SPACE: Office space should not be used for bulk storage. Only
working inventories of office supplies and other materials should be
maintained in offices, preferably in standard supply cabinets. Secondary
space, such as basement areas, should be used to locate supply operations.
Chair Clearance
Zone
Line of wall or
Obstruction
Line of
Modesty
Panel
Possible
Overhang
Work/Activity
Zone
Worktask
Zone
Visitor Seating Zone
Workstation Zone
Basic workstation with visitor seating (Plan)
The following factors affect good office layout in open space:
“Open Office Space” refers to an open area occupied by a number of
employees, supervisors, furnishings, equipment, and circulation area.
Large open areas permit flexibility and effective utilization, aid office
communications, provide better light and ventilation, reduce space
requirements, make possible better flow of work, simplify supervision,
and eliminate partition costs. In many cases, however, open-space
housing for more than 50 persons should be subdivided either by use of
file cabinets, shelving, railing or low bank type partitions.
The space allocated to open-area work stations is based on the
furniture and equipment necessary to perform the work assigned as well
as on circulation area. The space assigned to any specific work station
may be increased due to special furniture and equipment requirements
associated with the particular position.
Open Office
Closed Office
Flexible Office Private Office Semi-Private Office
Private Office
Semi-private office
PRIVATE OFFICE: The private office is the most controversial problem facing
the space planner. The assignment of private offices and the type of
partitioning to be used are issues to be settled by top management acting on
the advice and recommendations of the space planner. Private offices should
be assigned primarily for functional reasons, i.e. nature of work. Visitor traffic,
or for security reasons.
The following are some of the factors requiring consideration for private
offices:
The necessity for a private office cannot be directly related to the
classification grade of the employee.
Supervisors who are working with their employees, rather than planning
for them. The supervisor may be separated from the balance of his
section by a distance of several feet which permits a degree of privacy.
A frequent justification for a private office is to impress visiting
representatives of industry, and the general public, with the importance
of dignity of the official being contacted.
Private offices be a minimum of 100 sq. feet and a maximum of 300 sq.
feet each in size, depending upon the requirements of the occupant.
SEMIPRIVATE OFFICES: The semiprivate offices is a room, ranging in size
from 150 to 400 square feet, occupied by two or more individuals. These
offices can be enclosed by two or more individuals. These offices can be
enclosed by ceiling-high, three-quarter high, bank type partitions. Because of
the loss of flexibility introduced by the use of the partitions required to enclose
these offices, the same rigid review given private offices should be employed.
Generally, the need to house members of a work team or other groups of
employee assigned to a common task is an acceptable justification for
semiprivate accommodations.
CIRCULATION: This is the area required to conveniently permit ingress and
egress to work stations. The size of aisle should be governed by the amount
of traffic it bears. The following standards will be applied in space planning
surveys:
Aisles leading to main exits from areas which carry substantial traffic
should be 60 inches wide.
Aisles which carry a moderate amount of traffic should be 48 inches
wide.
Aisles between rows of desks should be approximately 36 inches wide.
CONFERENCE REQUIREMENTS:
Conferences, meetings and assemblies are an important part of office
operations.
No established standard suggesting the number of conference rooms
based on the number of people, the needs will vary widely among
companies or agency components, depending largely on the nature of
their work, whenever possible, the establishment of conference room
should be based on need established from past records and
experience, rather than on anticipated needs.
Conferences are best conducted in space designed for that purpose.
Conference space should not be provided in private offices.
In lieu of large offices, it is desirable to provide a conference room
adjoining the office of a top executive who holds a large number of
conferences and nearby conference rooms for employees with more
limited requirements.
The conference room should be centrally located to the users.
Interior space, which is not the most desirable for office purposes, is
well suited for conference use. This location eliminates outside
distraction and the need for window coverings during visual
presentations.
Access to conference rooms should be through corridors or through
reception areas.
Conference rooms should be designed to accommodate average but
not maximum attendance.
RECEPTION AREA: Visitors receive their first impression of an organization
from the décor and layout of the reception area. It should be attractive, neat,
businesslike, and adequate to accommodate normal visitor traffic.
An allowance of 10 square feet for each visitor to be served may be used for
space allocation. size, décor and equipment will depend largely on the type
and volume of visitor traffic; thus special planning will be required to meet
specific needs. The receptionist should be placed so as to command a clear
view of those entering and be easily accessible to visitors.
GENERAL OFFICE AREAS: General office areas are the spaces that
accommodate workstations. There are three basic approaches to planning
general office areas: closed plan, open plan, and modified open plan.
PLANNING APPROCHES: The primary considerations in identifying the most
appropriate approach to planning general office areas:
Amount of planning flexibility required
Amount of visual and acoustical privacy required for personnel
Initial and life-cycle construction and furniture costs
In a closed plan full height walls or partitions divide the space into offices and
support space by floor-to-ceiling partitions with doors. Private offices typically
are located along the window wall. Administrative support is housed in
workstations along corridors or in shared rooms.
It is not unusual to have two or more persons share an enclosed office space,
both circulation and clearance become critically important. Door swings, the
extension of file drawers and points of entry must all be carefully considered.
PLANNING: Office layout is often based upon a module derived from standard
furniture and equipment and the necessary clearances. For large general
offices, the planning unit or module is based upon one desk and chair and is
thus about 5 by 6 feet.
In the layout of private offices the controlling factors are the minimum practical
office layout with the wall and window design. A planning module of 4 to 5 feet
works reasonably well for this purpose.
If the exterior wall consists of continuous windows, one module in width, then
the office widths are disadvantages include:
There is, inevitably, some loss of aural and visual privacy.
The plan is not feasible in buildings with narrow wings or many
obstructions.
Orientation for visitors may be more difficult than in the conventional
plan.
More conference space may be necessary than for the conventional
plan.
Most office plans represent a compromise between the two basic concepts.
This usually requires that part of the management staff be assigned to open
locations.
OFFICE PLANNING MODULE:
The space allocations in the facilities program are usually based on a
consistent space module.
The module is derived from analysis of needs, compatibility with
manufacturers’ standards, and an existing module if a headquarters
building is being expanded.
The modular approach is most applicable to offices, so the office
module will control the planning of the building.
The advantage of modular planning is the flexibility that can be attained.
The 5 foot by 5 foot office-planning module is commonly used, and it is
the basis for sizing most partitions, work stations, and ceiling and
underfloor systems.
A 5 foot by 5 foot grid, using a consistent depth of 15 feet for the larger
offices, affords a good range of sized and requires minimum perimeter
for average size spaces.
It is usually necessary to depart from the module at corridors and core
spaces in which case a “half module” should be based.
Staying on the module is most important for spaces with full height
partitions.
Working positions in regular office areas should be planned in general
conformance with the grid, but some latitude is possible in a flexible
underfloor plan.
The planning module and the exterior wall module must be reconciled
with the structural module or column bay.
If these modules coincide, then the wall or window units adjacent to the
column must be smaller than the intermediate units.
Column spacing most frequently used in multistory steel-framed office
buildings is around 25 feet, center to center.
Flexibility of interior space is so important in the office building design
that that the extra cost of clear span framing with the elimination of all
interior columns is sometimes considered worthwhile; clear spans of 60
to 70 feet have been used.
Efficiency of office building design is measured by the ratio of rentable
space to total space. Average efficiency is about 70 percent, maximum
possible is about 85 percent.
The nonrentable space consists of the elevators, stairs and toilets and
their associated lobbies, corridors, pipe ad duct shafts and custodian’s
closets.
Elevator lobbies should be 6 to 9 feet wide if elevators are on one side
only; 10 to 12 feet if elevators are both sides. Corridors are usually 5 to
6 feet wide if very long, narrower if very short.
3 Windows 12’-15’
2 Windows 8’-10’
Maximum12-15’
Planning module for layout of general
office space
5 Windows 20’-25’
4 Windows 16’-20’
Private office widths suing a module
of 4to5 feet with continuous windows
Maximum20’-25’
Minimum 8’ Minimum 12-15’
(One window office) Private office
widths using a module of 4 to 5 feet
(Two window office) Private office
widths using a module of 4 to 5 feet
Relation of planning module and wall
module to column spacing and
OPEN-OFFICE LANDSCAPING
The principal feature of open-office landscaping is space that is free, or
almost free, of conventional walls, corridors, private offices, and
straight-line passageways between rows of desks and office equipment.
The available space is divided into “clusters” or work centers, and
individual workstations are delineated by high, medium and low screens
and cabinets, plants, bookshelves, modular furniture, and fixtures
designed to suppress noise and promote working efficiency.
In the typical landscape office, eye appear (pattern how it Is seen) but
such other environmental considerations as lighting, acoustics, air
conditioning, noise abatement, functionally designed furniture, and the
use of color and decorations such as plants, statues, and other artwork
are incorporated in OOL designs.
OOL ELEMENTS
A principal feature of OOL is entirely open office space, free of
conventional walls and corridors.
Workstations completely movable elements such as desks, chairs, free
standing screens, shelving, files and foliage usually without relocation of
fixed installations such as light fixtures, heating and air conditioning
outlets, partitions, or floor covering.
Each individual grouping of workstations is arranged without regard for
windows or other conventional constraints, in non-uniform fashion,
usually dictated by natural lines of information flow and one-to-one
personal communication.
The original OOL plan has been somewhat modified so that higher-
echelon executives may have walled-in offices to provide a greater
degree of privacy for confidential conferences and concentration and as
recognition of their higher organizational status.
The status of workers in OOL, as compared with executives, is
determined more by their work assignments than by their locations.
The most significant characteristic of the OOL plan is that it provides
flexibility for layouts that shift as work assignments shift.
The amount of usable space, expressed as a percentage of the
available space, is greater than the conventional grid layout usual rows
of desks, files, etc.
OFFICE LAYOUT BY FUNCTION
The office operation is like a large machine which needs to have all its parts
synchronized and moving smoothly.
The office machine’s source of power is information, and it is the purpose of
good office layout design to permit this information to flow smoothly, avoiding
unnecessary turns and traps.
There is certainly no one office layout that will fill all companies, any more
than there is an all-purpose machine, but there are some reasonably good
principles of layout by function that could be applied to any office situation.
SIX BASIC OFFICE FUNTIONS
1. Management
2. Finance
3. Sales
4. General services
5. Technical services
6. Production
FIVE GUIDELINES FOR SPACE ALLOWANCES
Good space utilization does not necessarily mean allocating the least possible
working space per person. On the contrary, too little working space may
reduce the worker’s efficiency and waste many times the savings made by
any reduction in the square foot rental costs.
There is no accurate scale of allowances which will make layout planning
automatic. Here, however, are some guidelines that have been established
from a large number of surveys made of offices, both commercial and
governmental.
The types of space required in the typical office fall into five categories:
1. Office space
2. File space
3. Special equipment
4. Storage space
5. Special rooms
Ad Agency Herarchy Chart
Board of Directors
Managing Director
Client Service
Director
Servicing Group
Media
Research
Finance/Accounts Branches Secretarial/Legal
personal
Creative Director
Creative Group
Audio visual
Language
Studio
Production
Strategy Review Board
Executive Creative Direction
Associate Creative Director
Creative Group
Copy Supervisor Traffic Art Supervisor
Workstations area
101'X
49'
Cam
era S
ecurity
Room
19'4"X
7'6"
Security C
abin
10'X
8'
Office
Enterance
Lockers
23'6"x20'10"
Reception
area
34'x20'
Pathw
ay
21'X
6'3"
M.D
. R
oom
18'10"X
18'
Pa
th
wa
y
Conference room
2
35'x26'
MaleT
oilet
13'4"x19'8"
Server room
19'6"x9'6"
Tech.area
9'10"x10'
Water
facility
Fem
aleT
oilet
12'8"x19'8"
E
mployees
E
nterance
M
ain
E
nte
ra
nce
Secretary room
10'6"X
9'
Acc. C
abin
10'6"X
9'
H
.R
. C
abin
10'6"X
9'
Conference R
oom
1
27'6"X
19'
Training &
D
ev. room
27'6"X
29'6"
Changing
room
13'2"X
12'6"
D.G
. pow
er back room
37'X
30'
Cutout for sitting
zone
39'7"X
37'7"
Marketing area
25'6"X
25'6"
Industrial K
itchen
30'X
18'6"
Nursing C
are
19'5"X
24'3"
Spa
20'X
16'6"
Gym
38'6"X
19'9"
Squash court
20'X
22'
Bath
facility
Changing
facility
Storage
37'X
27'
Plum
bing
room
19'3"X
16'6"
Security C
abin
10'X
10'
Massage room
10'X
7'
Ground F
loor P
lan of A
n A
d A
gency
Liabrary
37'X
26'7"
Ca
fe
to
ria
65
'7
''X
52
'5
''
Storage A
rea
36'10"x30'5"
31
'-5
"
29
'-6
"
6"
19
'-1
"
6"
18
'
31
'
8'
6"
9'-5
"
6"
13
'
16
9'
13
'
10
'-1
"
10
'-2
"
10
'-8
"
26
'-6
"
4'
3'-5
"
15
'-7
"
6"
14
'-6
"
3'-1
0"
30
'-8
"
4'-2
"
6"
7'-6
"3
'
6"
19
'-1
0"
6'
9'-1
"1
9'-1
"3
6'-1
1"
18
'-1
"4
'6
"6
6'-1
"
19
8'-8
"
9'-6
"2
7'-1
0"
11
'-1
0"
45
'-3
"4
4'-3
"1
0'-6
"3
8'-7
"
1
2
3
5
8
6
7
10
9
12
13
4
11
S.noN
ame of the A
reaSize
Legend
Plot A
rea:
Draw
ing T
itle
Design B
y
1
Vartika K
handelw
al
M.sc-I.D
. 4th S
em
.
Area (Sq.ft.)
Reception
Area
34'X20'
Client:
Ground F
loor O
ffice
Construction Layout
2 3 4 Com
mercial Project
5
Hypothetical C
lient
6 7 8 9 10
Size of P
lot :199'X
169'
Area of P
lot :33631 sq.ft.
11
Project T
itle:
Com
mercial P
roject
680 Sq.ft.
Marketing
Area
25'6"X25'6"
655 Sq.ft.
LockerA
rea23'6"X
20'10''474Sq.ft.
Workstation
Area
101'X49'
4949 Sq.ft.
M.D
. Room
18'10"X18'
325.8 Sq.ft.
Conference
Room
127'6''X
19'524.4 Sq.ft.
Training &D
ev. Room
29'6"X27'6''
816 Sq.ft.
Conference
Room
235'X
26'910 Sq.ft.
Cafetoria
65'7''X52'5''
3450 Sq.ft. as per 18 square feetper seat w
ithout including aislespace for the 65 no. of em
ployees.
File StorageA
rea36'10''X
30'5''1101 Sq.ft.
Liabrary37'X
26'7"987.9 Sq.ft.
During M
y Com
mercial project i planned a office of an A
dA
gency for a Hypothetical C
lient and the space is alsoH
ypothetical and come out w
ith my idea. H
ow an office
should be
with
various departm
ent and
where
thesedepartm
ent should be located. In the office there are 100 no.of Em
ployees worked. A
nd the Office type should be related
with Print m
edia, film etc.
12Storage
13IndustrialK
itchen
45'X28'
1725 Sq.ft. area for food storagefor 30days calculated half the totalserved area.
Given B
y:
Tiles30'X
18'6"
Lo
cke
rs
Em
plo
ye
e
En
tran
ce
Pa
thw
ay
Ma
in
En
tran
ce
Ma
rke
ting
De
pa
rtme
nt
Re
ce
ptio
n &
Wa
iting
Zo
ne
Se
curity
Ca
bin
Main
Entra
nce fo
r
the
offic
e
em
plo
ye
es
Wo
rksta
tions
Wo
rksta
tions
Wa
tche
r
Watcher
Ma
na
gin
g D
irecto
r
Ro
om
Pathway
Oth
er D
ep
artm
ents
Ca
bin
s fo
r H.R
.,
Acc. &
secre
tory
C
onfe
rence
Ro
om
To
ilets
for O
ffice
Em
plo
ye
es
Pa
thw
ay fo
r
Ca
fete
ria
Pa
thw
ay
Co
nfe
rence
Ro
om
Pa
thw
ay
Flo
w C
ha
rt of A
n O
ffice
Are
a W
hic
h S
ho
ws C
on
ne
ctiv
ity W
ith D
iffere
nt D
ep
artm
en
ts
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
Ele
va
tion o
f Fro
nt D
isp
lay
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
Re
nd
ere
d E
leva
tion o
f Fro
nt D
isp
lay
Idea G
enera
tion fo
r front d
ispla
y
DE
TA
ILS
FR
ON
T D
ISP
LA
Y O
F
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
I
have don
e firs
tly th
e bra
in sto
rmin
g
and
req
uire
ments
of
the
exte
rior
façade.
S
urp
rise E
lem
ent
G
ood A
esth
etic
Sense
T
he C
om
pan
y N
am
e w
ritten b
y G
ood
Mate
rial
an
d te
xtu
re w
hic
h sho
ws th
e
positio
nin
g o
f the c
om
pan
y a
nd it’s
als
o
show
s lu
xury a
nd tru
st.
T
he G
ood w
indo
w D
ispla
y w
ill be h
elp
to in
cre
ase th
e p
rofit o
f the com
pan
y.
Because it a
ttracts
more
footfa
ll in th
e
offic
e.
In
the
front e
ntra
nce s
traig
ht lin
e s
ho
ws
the d
irectio
n.
C
urv
e of
the m
ain
en
tran
ce addin
g a
surp
risin
g e
lem
ent to
the e
ntra
nce.
U
se
d
VIB
GY
OR
colo
ur
beca
use
Ad
offic
e is
the p
lace w
hic
h is
cre
ativ
e a
t
the s
am
e tim
e h
avin
g v
ibra
nt c
olo
urs
.
R
eceptio
n are
a is
th
e pla
ce w
hic
h is
the firs
t impre
ssio
n o
f the c
om
pan
y. So
it should
be
attra
ctiv
e,
ne
ar
and
busin
ess lik
e.
W
e g
ave th
e s
em
i circ
le s
hape s
ofa
for
the
waitin
g
are
a
whic
h
is
more
convenie
nt a
nd c
om
forta
ble
.
R
eceptio
n
cou
nte
r should
b
e
dou
ble
heig
hte
d.
B
y Anth
ropom
etric
and e
rgonom
ics w
e
gave th
e file
sto
rage o
n th
e le
ft sid
e
because rig
ht s
ide w
ould
be e
ngaged
because o
f the w
ork
.
F
ollo
we
d
Anth
ropom
etric
, erg
onom
ics
and p
roxem
ics.
I
als
o
giv
e
the
toile
t fa
cilitie
s
for
the
clie
nt in
clu
din
g th
e w
ide p
ath
way.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
Need P
aper
To
p P
lan o
f Re
ce
ptio
n A
rea
Id
ea
Ge
ne
ratio
n fo
r Re
ce
ptio
n a
rea
DE
TA
ILS
RE
CE
PT
ION
AR
EA
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
1
To
ilet fa
cilitie
s fo
r the
clie
nts
P
ath
wa
y fo
r ba
ck o
ffice
zo
ne
M
ark
etin
g
cabin
is
th
e
pla
ce
whic
h
help
s to
giv
e th
e m
axim
um
pro
fit to th
e
com
pany.
It
sh
ould
b
e
pro
per
main
tain
ed
and
neat.
In
the m
ark
etin
g c
abin
we g
ave th
e L
-
shape s
ofa
for th
e w
aitin
g z
one.
T
he
wall
of
the
mark
etin
g
manag
er
cabin
is tra
nsp
are
nt w
hic
h is
giv
ing th
e
vie
w
of
outs
ide
zone
whic
h
is
conne
cte
d to
the m
ain
entra
nce o
f the
em
plo
yee.
W
ork
sta
tions fo
r the em
plo
ye
e is
als
o
gave in
the m
ark
etin
g z
one.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
To
p P
lan o
f Ma
rke
ting
Ca
bin
Id
ea
Ge
ne
ratio
n fo
r Ma
rke
ting
Ca
bin
DE
TA
ILS
MA
RK
ET
ING
CA
BIN
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
2
Wa
y fo
r Ba
ck O
ffice
Way fo
r
Re
ce
ptio
n a
rea
O
n th
e s
eco
nd e
ntra
nce o
f the w
e g
ave
a s
ecurity
cabin
and c
am
era
room
for
the p
roper s
ecurity.
W
e g
ave th
e lo
cker fa
cility
als
o fo
r the
bette
r con
venie
nce o
f the e
mplo
yee a
t
the e
ntra
nce
T
he
locker
would
b
e
ele
ctro
nic
a
nd
bio
metric
.
T
he o
the
r wall o
r the fro
nt w
all o
f the
entra
nce is
solid
till the s
ill level w
hic
h
is u
se
for lo
ckers
an
d th
e u
pp
er p
artio
n
wa
s m
ade
by g
lass w
hic
h is
giv
ing th
e
vie
w fro
m th
e m
ark
etin
g z
one.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
To
p P
lan o
f ma
in e
ntra
nce
with
locke
rs A
rea
Id
ea
Ge
ne
ratio
n fo
r ma
in e
ntra
nce
DE
TA
ILS
MA
IN E
NT
RA
NC
E
(EM
PLO
YE
E) O
F A
N O
FF
ICE
OF
AD
AG
EN
CY
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
3
Wa
y fo
r Ba
ck O
ffice
Se
curity
ca
me
ra ro
om
from
whic
h c
ontro
l the
all c
am
era
of th
e o
ffice
Se
curity
gua
rd c
ab
in to
giv
e p
rop
er s
ecurity
to th
e o
ffice
L-s
ha
pe
so
fa
with
ea
sy
ma
inta
ina
ble
ma
teria
l
T
he M
anagin
g d
irecto
r of th
e c
om
pa
ny
is th
e m
ain
head
of th
e c
om
pan
y w
hic
h
pla
ys th
e m
ain
ro
le and
at
the
sam
e
time w
atc
her o
f the c
om
pany.
W
e g
ave a
sittin
g z
one
for th
e c
lients
in
L-s
ha
pe a
nd
round
table
beca
use
it’s a
desig
n p
rincip
le th
at L
-shap
e c
reate
s a
info
rmality a
nd g
ive
s c
om
fort in
talk
ing.
W
e
als
o
gave
a
restin
g
zo
ne
for
Managin
g d
irecto
r.
T
he w
all o
f the M
.D. c
abin
made w
ith
the
gla
ss
ab
ove
the
sill
level
whic
h
help
s to
se
e th
e ou
tsid
e vie
w
of
the
wo
rksta
tions w
hile
wo
rkin
g h
ou
rs o
f the
em
plo
yees.
Toile
t facility is
als
o g
ave th
ere
.
T
here
is a
confe
rence ro
om
als
o g
ave
wh
ich
is
co
nnecte
d
to
the
M
anagin
g
Dire
cto
r.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
To
p P
lan o
f M.D
. roo
m
Idea G
enera
tion fo
r M.D
. room
DE
TA
ILS
MA
NA
GIN
G D
IRE
CT
OR
CA
BIN
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D
AG
EN
CY
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
5
Co
nfe
rence
roo
m
for 8
pe
op
le
Gla
ss
C
onfe
rence
meetin
g
and
assem
blie
s
are
th
e
importa
nt
part
of
the
offic
e
opera
tions.
It s
hou
ld b
e b
ased o
n th
e n
o. o
f peo
ple
of th
e o
ffice.
C
onfe
rence
room
is
th
e
pla
ce
w
he
re
feasib
le,
confe
rence
require
ments
should
be
p
oole
d
and
confe
ren
ce
space u
sed a
s a
uxilia
ry o
ffice a
rea fo
r
vis
itors
.
It
is als
o lo
ca
ted
ne
ar
the m
ain
M
.D.
room
of th
e o
ffice a
nd a
t the s
am
e tim
e
near b
y the e
mplo
yees.
O
n
the
table
w
e
gave
the
mik
es,
speaker a
nd
ele
ctro
nic
gadg
ets
spa
ce
for e
asy w
ork
ing.
W
e a
lso g
ive th
e p
roje
cto
r.
In
th
e
confe
rence
room
th
ere
is
a
curv
ed
wall b
ecau
se
it refle
ct th
e s
ou
nd
back a
s d
istin
ct re
petitio
n o
f the d
irect
sound.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
To
p P
lan o
f Co
nfe
rence
roo
m
Ide
a G
ene
ratio
n fo
r Co
nfe
rence
roo
m
DE
TA
ILS
CO
NF
ER
EN
CE
RO
OM
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
6 &
8
Curv
ed W
all
Pro
jecto
r
Se
atin
g
arra
ng
em
ent fo
r12
mem
bers
Re
vo
lvin
g D
oo
r
co
nne
cte
d w
ith th
e
oth
er D
ep
artm
ents
T
rain
ing ro
om
is
th
e pla
ce w
here
th
e
pers
on
train
ed
itself
an
d
incre
ase
his
/her k
now
ledge.
W
e
gave
the
seatin
g
are
a
for
18
people
.
W
e
gave
a
LC
D
pro
jecto
r fo
r e
asy
work
ing o
f the tra
inee.
W
e
gave
a
table
a
nd
m
ikes
with
speaker
for
bette
r convers
atio
n of
the
main
em
plo
yee w
ith th
e tra
inee.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
Sin
gle
Gla
ss
door
To
p P
lan o
f Tra
inin
g ro
om
Id
ea
Ge
ne
ratio
n fo
r Tra
inin
g R
oo
m
DE
TA
ILS
TR
AIN
ING
RO
OM
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
7
Co
mfo
rtable
cha
ir
Arra
ng
em
ent fo
r 18
no
.
of tra
ine
e
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
C
afe
teria
is
a
pla
ce
wh
ere
a
pers
on
com
e
for
rela
x
and
ente
rtain
ment
him
self/h
ers
elf.
W
e
follo
wed
th
e
OO
L
(Open
O
ffice
Landscapin
g) in
the c
afe
teria
zone.
W
e g
ive th
e D
iagonal s
eatin
g fo
r bette
r
ais
le s
pace.
W
e
als
o
giv
e
buffe
e
syste
m
in
the
cafe
teria
.
O
ne w
all o
f the
cafe
teria
is ta
pere
d a
nd
made w
ith g
lass w
hic
h is
giv
ing a
nic
e
outs
ide v
iew
.
W
e g
ave th
e fu
rnitu
re in
the s
hape o
f
square
wh
ich is
flexib
le e
asily
join
and
main
tenance fre
e.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
To
p P
lan o
f Ca
fete
ria
Ide
a G
ene
ratio
n fo
r Ca
fete
ria
DE
TA
ILS
CA
FE
TE
RIA
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
9
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
Buffe
e s
yste
m
co
unte
r
Wa
y to
Exe
cutiv
e lu
nch ro
om
and
Ind
ustria
l Kitc
he
n
T
he a
rea o
f the file
sto
rage
is w
he
re w
e
keep
the
file
s
of
the
offic
e
for
main
tain
ed th
e re
cord
s.
W
e
gave
two
shelv
es
whic
h
goe
s
to
full h
eig
ht.
T
he m
id s
helv
es fo
r the c
urre
nt s
tora
ge
of th
e o
ffice
an
d th
e b
ack o
ne is
ga
ve
for p
as re
cord
s.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
To
p P
lan o
f File
Sto
rag
e(C
entra
l File
s)
Ide
a G
ene
ratio
n fo
r File
sto
rag
e
DE
TA
ILS
FIL
E S
TO
RA
GE
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
10
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
Lib
rary is
a p
eacefu
l space.
W
e g
ave th
e s
itting a
rea lik
e th
at fro
m
wh
ich
we
can
see
th
e
outs
ide
vie
w
form
lib
rary
w
hic
h
giv
es
the
com
fort
feelin
g to
the h
um
an b
ein
g.
W
e g
ave th
e z
one
like
that w
hic
h h
elp
the
em
plo
ye
es
to
feel
rela
xe
d
a
nd
gave th
e a
ttentio
n to
makin
g p
roje
ct.
It is
als
o a
bra
insto
rmin
g a
rea.
T
here
is a
wall w
he
re w
e g
ive a
rou
nd
wa
ll whic
h is
giv
ing a
nic
e lo
ok to
the
libra
ry.
W
e a
lso g
ive th
e L
-shape
arra
ng
em
ent
of
furn
iture
because
it
giv
es
a
go
od
convers
atio
n b
etw
een th
e e
mplo
yees.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
To
p P
lan o
f Lib
rary
Id
ea G
enera
tion fo
r Lib
rary
DE
TA
ILS
LIB
RA
RY
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
11
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
Re
ce
ptio
n C
ounte
r
for L
ibra
ry
L-s
ha
pe
Se
atin
g
Arra
ng
em
ent
She
lve
for B
oo
ks
T
he s
tora
ge a
rea is
the a
rea w
here
we
keep
the
sto
rag
e
of
the
month
ly
require
ments
for th
e k
itche
n lik
e- flo
ur,
rice
, wheat e
tc.
T
he are
a of
the sto
rage should
be of
the d
inin
g a
rea.
.th
e ra
cks / s
helv
es o
f the s
tora
ge a
rea
wo
uld
be c
om
e a
t the m
axim
um
heig
ht
82 in
ches.
T
he ra
cks / s
helv
es a
re m
ova
ble
. And
at th
e s
am
e tim
e e
asy to
main
tain
.
W
e
als
o
giv
e
the
cold
an
d
warm
sto
rage.
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
To
p p
lan o
f Kitc
he
n S
tora
ge
Id
ea G
enera
tion fo
r Kitc
hen S
tora
ge
DE
TA
ILS
KIT
CH
EN
ST
OR
AG
E
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
12
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
Sto
rage fo
r Month
ly g
oods
Se
curity
for re
ce
iva
ble
K
itchen
is
th
e pla
ce
w
here
cook fo
od
for th
e e
mplo
yees in
the b
uffe
e s
yste
m.
In
the k
itchen
we
gave tw
o d
epa
rtment
one fo
r veg. a
nd s
econd fo
r non v
eg.
W
e a
lso g
ave b
evera
ge, c
lod a
ppetiz
er,
pre
para
tion a
nd s
erv
ing a
rea.
W
e fo
llow
ed th
e p
lannin
g la
yout o
f the
Kitc
hen b
y Joseph D
e C
hia
ra.
W
e als
o gave dis
hw
ashin
g zone a
nd
garb
age a
rea.
T
he n
o. w
hic
h a
re g
ave in
the p
lan a
re
as fo
llow
s :
1.
Waite
r passage w
ay
2.
Dis
hw
ashin
g a
rea
3.
Bevera
ge a
nd p
repara
tion
4.
(Pastry, c
akes) p
repa
ratio
n
n
serv
ing
5.
Co
ld K
itchen
6.
Warm
Kitc
hen
7.
Entereme’tie
r
Gro
und
Flo
or P
lan o
f offic
e
Bra
in S
torm
ing
To
p p
lan o
f Ind
ustria
l Kitc
he
n
Idea G
enera
tion fo
r Industria
l Kitc
hen
DE
TA
ILS
IND
US
TR
IAL K
ITC
HE
N
OF
AN
OF
FIC
E O
F A
D A
GE
NC
Y
OF
FIC
E O
F A
N A
D
AG
EN
CY
13
Ne
ed
Pa
pe
r
Wa
y fo
r ba
ck o
ffice
Ind
ustria
l kitc
he
n w
ith
sto
rag
e a
nd
pre
pa
ratio
n
zone
We
als
o
giv
e
a
gym
in
th
e
offic
e
be
ca
use
it
giv
es
the
fee
ling
of
refre
sh
and
che
erfu
l.
In
the
ce
nte
r of
the O
ffice
gave
a
cuto
ut
for
the
pro
pe
r ve
ntila
tion
in th
e o
ffice
an
d a
nic
e s
it out.
We
als
o
giv
e
a
Nurs
ing
ro
om
fo
r
rest
of
the
em
plo
ye
e.
With
the
me
dic
ine
ca
re.
We
als
o
giv
e
a
D.G
. pow
er
back
up
roo
m fo
r pow
er
sa
vin
g
ele
ctric
ity
whic
h g
ive
s w
hile
wo
rkin
g.
We
als
o
giv
e
a
plu
mb
ing
roo
m fo
r
the goo
d zo
ne of
the
plu
min
g
syste
m
in
the
offic
e,
We
als
o
giv
e
a
tech
nic
al
and
se
rve
r ro
om
fro
m
whe
re
we
ca
n
ma
na
ge
a
ll th
e
co
ntro
l p
oin
ts
of
co
mp
ute
r.
Fo
llow
ing
Dep
artm
en
ts a
re a
lso
in th
e o
ffice
wh
ich
are
as fo
llow
s :
GR
OU
ND
FL
OO
R P
LA
N O
F A
N A
D A
GE
NC
Y O
FF
ICE
Cu
t ou
t
37’7”X37’7” G
ym
38’6’’X
19’9’’
D.G
. po
we
r ba
ck
37’X30’
Plu
mbin
g
19’3’’X
16’6’’
Serv
er ro
om
19’6’’X
9’6’’
Workstations area
101'X
49'
Cam
era S
ecurity
Room
19'4"X
7'6"
Security C
abin
10'X
8'
Office
Enterance
Lockers
23'6"x20'10"
Reception
area
34'x20'
Ma
le
T
oile
t
11
'4
"x5
'
Pathw
ay
21'X
6'3"
M.D
. R
oom
18'10"X
18'
Pa
th
wa
y
Conference room
2
35'x26'
MaleT
oilet
13'4"x19'8"
Server room
19'6"x9'6"
Tech.area
9'10"x10'
Water
facility
Fem
aleT
oilet
12'8"x19'8"
E
mployees
E
nterance
Fe
ma
le
T
oile
t
11
'4
"x5
'
M
ain
E
nte
ra
nce
Secretary room
10'6"X
9'
Acc. C
abin
10'6"X
9'
H
.R
. C
abin
10'6"X
9'
Conference R
oom
1
27'6"X
19'
Training &
D
ev. room
27'6"X
29'6"
Changing
room
13'2"X
12'6"
D.G
. pow
er back room
37'X
30'
Cutout for sitting
zone
39'7"X
37'7"
Marketing area
25'6"X
25'6"
Industrial
Kitchen
30'X
18'6"
Nursing C
are
19'5"X
24'3"
Spa
20'X
16'6"
Gym
38'6"X
19'9"
Squash court
20'X
22'
Bath
facility
Changing
facility
Storage
37'X
27'
Plum
bing
room
19'3"X
16'6"
Security C
abin
10'X
10'
Massage room
10'X
7'
Ground F
loor P
lan of A
n A
d A
gency
Liabrary
37'X
26'7"
Ca
fe
to
ria
65
'7
''X
52
'5
''
Storage A
rea
36'10"x30'5"
31
'-5
"
29
'-6
"
6"
19
'-1
"
6"18
'
31
'
8'
6"
9'-5
"
6"
13
'
16
9'
13
'
10
'-1
"
10
'-2
"
10
'-8
"
26
'-6
"
4'
3'-5
"
15
'-7
"
6"
14
'-6
"
3'-1
0"
30
'-8
"
4'-2
"
6"
7'-6
"3
'
6"
19
'-1
0"
6'
9'-1
"1
9'-1
"3
6'-1
1"
18
'-1
"4
'6
"6
6'-1
"
19
8'-8
"
9'-6
"2
7'-1
0"
11
'-1
0"
45
'-3
"4
4'-3
"1
0'-6
"3
8'-7
"
S.noN
ame of the A
reaSize
Legend
Plot A
rea:
Draw
ing T
itle
Design B
y
1
Vartika K
handelw
al
M.sc-I.D
. 4th S
em
.
Reception
Area
34'X20'
Client:
Ground F
loor O
ffice
Flooring Layout
2 3 4 Com
mercial Project
5
Hypothetical C
lient
6 7 8 9 10
Size of P
lot :199'X
169'
Area of P
lot :33631 sq.ft.
11
Project T
itle:
Com
mercial P
roject
Marketing
Area
25'6"X25'6"
LockerA
rea23'6"X
20'10''
Workstation
Area
101'X49'
M.D
. Room
18'10"X18'
Conference
Room
127'6''X
19'
Training &D
ev. Room
29'6"X27'6''
Conference
Room
235'X
26'
Cafetoria
65'7''X52'5''
File StorageA
rea36'10''X
30'5''
Liabrary37'X
26'7"
12Storage
13IndustrialK
itchen
45'X28'
Given B
y:
Material
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Tiles
Wood
Tiles
Tiles30'X
18'6"
Com
panies
1Tiles
2Industrial K
itchen
Kajaria
Pergo
Material
S.no
Legend
Sto
ra
ge
Are
a
36
'1
0"x3
0'5
"
Ca
me
ra
S
ecu
rity
Ro
om
19'4
"X
7'6
"
Security C
abin
10'X
8'
Office
En
te
ra
nce
Lo
cke
rs
23
'6"x20
'10
''
Re
ce
ptio
n a
re
a
34
'x2
0'
Male T
oilet
11'4"x5'
Pa
th
wa
y
21
'X
6'3
"
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
Ta
ble
9'8
"x1
9'6
"
M.D
. R
oo
m
18
'1
0"X
18
'
Pa
th
wa
y
Pa
th
way
Co
nfe
re
nce
ro
om
35
'x2
6'
Ma
le
To
ile
t
13
'4
"x1
9'8
"
Se
rve
r ro
om
19
'6
"x9
'6
"
Te
ch
.a
re
a
9'1
0"x1
0'
Wa
te
r
fa
cility
Fe
ma
le
To
ile
t
12
'8
"x1
9'8
"
E
mplo
ye
es
E
ntera
nce
Fem
ale T
oilet
11'4"x5'
M
ain
E
nte
ra
nce
Secretary room
10'6"X
9'
Acc. C
abin
10'6"X
9'
H
.R
. C
abin
10'6"X
9'
Co
nferen
ce
R
oom
27
'6
"X
19
'
Tra
in
in
g &
D
ev.
ro
om
27
'6
"X
29
'6"
Ch
an
gin
g
ro
om
13
'2
"X
12
'6
"
D.G
. p
ow
er b
ack
ro
om
37
'X
30
'
Pa
th
wa
y
Cu
to
ut fo
r
sittin
g zo
ne
39
'7
"X
37
'7
"
Ca
fe
to
ria
65
'7
"X
52
'5
''
Ma
rke
tin
g a
re
a
25
'6
"X
25
'6
"
Wo
rk
Sta
tio
ns
In
du
stria
l K
itch
en
30
'X
18
'6
"
Nu
rsin
g C
are
19
'5
"X
24
'3
"
Sp
a
20
'X
16
'6
"
Gym
38
'6
"X
19
'9
"
Sq
ua
sh
cou
rt
20'X
22
'
Ba
th
fa
cility
Ch
an
gin
g
fa
cility
Exe
cu
tive
lu
nch
a
re
a
27
'X
20
'6
"
Sto
ra
ge
45
'X
28
'
Plu
mb
in
g
ro
om
19
'3
"X
16
'6
"
Se
cu
rity C
ab
in
10
'X
10
'
Ma
ssa
ge
ro
om
10
'X
7'
Pa
th
wa
y
Lia
bra
ry
37
'X
26
'7
"
65
4
3
2
1
78
910
11
12
6
31
'-5
"
29
'-6
"
6"
19
'-1
"
6"18
'
31
'
8'
6"
9'-5
"
6"
13
'
16
9'
13
'
10
'-1
"
10
'-2
"
10
'-8
"
26
'-6
"
3'-5
"
8"
3'-5
"
15
'-7
"
6"
14
'-6
"
3'-1
0"
30
'-8
"
21
'-4
"
4'-2
"
7'-6
"3
'6
"1
9'-1
0"
6'
9'-1
"1
9'-1
"3
6'-1
1"
18
'-1
"4
'
6"
66
'-1
"
19
8'-8
"
9'-6
"2
7'-1
0"
11
'-1
0"
45
'-3
"4
4'-3
"1
0'-6
"3
8'-7
"
Gro
un
d F
lo
or P
la
n o
f A
n A
d A
ge
ncy
Plot A
rea:
Draw
ing T
itle
Design B
y
Vartika K
handelw
al
M.sc-I.D
. 4th S
em
.
Client:
Ground F
loor O
ffice
Furniture Layout
Hypothetical C
lient
Size of P
lot :199'X
169'
Area of P
lot :33631 sq.ft.
Project T
itle:
Com
mercial P
roject
Given B
y:
HOSPITALITY DESIGN
Restaurant Designing
INTRODUCTION: Restaurant is the place where people come for enjoy and
entertain themselves. It is the place where people paid money for the food and
the good services.
The basic components of any restaurant interior are the chair and the table.
Depending upon restaurant type, menu, service, table setting, furniture
selection, and degree of intimacy required, table size and overall chair space
requirements can, and should, very greatly. A restaurant that encourages
rapid turnovers of customers will normally provide similar table top and chair
sizes. On the other hand those restaurant that encourage limited turnover and
emphasize the winning and dining experiences will typically provide lager
table top sizes and comfortable chairs.
SPACE REQUIREMENT:
Decisions pertaining to restaurant design are strong effected by the
funds available and the space available.
Space allowances in relation to investment should be balanced in terms
of:
Proposed permanence of the facility.
Acuteness of need for the specific operation.
Essentials for operating efficiency.
Desirable standards in terms of appearance, sanitation,
and good quality of production and service.
Immediate and future costs, depreciation, upkeep, and
maintenance.
Requirements will vary for facilities of a given type & volume
Amount and size of equipment to be used.
Number of workers required.
Space for needed supplies.
Suitable traffic area.
Dishwashing
Delivery
yard
and receiving
area
Employee
facilities
Linen and
paper
storage
Common
storage
Refrigerator
and frozen
storage
Vegetable
preparation
Cleaning
suppliers
Time
Recorder
Serving
area
Dining
rooms
and
caterin
g
Meet
prepara-
tion
Cook’s
unit
Bake
shop
Fountain
Service
Employee
dining
Manager’s
office
Guest
facilities
Salad
and
sandwitc
h unit
Ventilated
storage
Short
order
Pot and
pan
storage
Garbage
Pick up
Can and truck
washing
Janitor
closet
Flow chart showing functional relationships
Dining Area
SPACE REQUIREMENT:
Space of dining area is usually based on the number of square feet per
person seated times the number of persons seated at one time.
DINING AREA SPACE DIMENSIONS
NUMBER OF PERSONS ALLOWNACE:
The number of persons to be seated at one time is the second point of
information needed for calculation of the dining room size. The total number of
times a seats required at one time, multiplied by the space required for each
seat, will give the total number of square feet needed in the dining area. The
number of times a seat is occupied during a given period is commonly referred
to as “Turnover”.
The patron’s size
and the type and
quality of service
should be
considered.
Small children
may require 8
square feet and
adult 12 square
feet for comfort.
Service stations
are estimated for
every 20 seats
and for large
50to 60 places.
Small substations
for silver, napery
etc. may measure
20to24 inches. And
maximum 36to 38
inches.
Four trays 14 by 18
inches fit better on
a table 30 inches
by 48 inches than
on a table 42
inches square.
A Minimum
passage area is 18
inches between
chairs and table
should be 4 to 5
feet apart.
Industrial Kitchen
INTRODUCTION: A frequently used rule for allotting space for the kitchen is
that it should be one-half the area of the dining room.
MEAL PRODUCTION SAPCE DIMENSIONS
Aisle space should permit free, easy movement of essential traffic. The
minimum width for a lane between equipment where one person works
alone is 36 inches.
At least 60 inches are needed for main traffic lanes where workers
regularly pass each other with mobile equipement.
The percentage of floor area covered by equipment varies according to
production needs and the type of equipment used.
For hospital production and service areas, 20to30 square feet per bed is
required.
Elaborateness of
preparation and
service and
amount of
individual service
given in a hospital
tray.
Type of
preparation and
service and
amount of the total
production done in
the unit.
Volume in terms of
the number of meal
served and verities
of food offered in
the menu.
Seating and
service plan,
whether on one
floor or many
The width of the
table may be 24 to
30 inches unless
dishes or food
containers are to
back of the table.
A Minimum
passage area is 18
inches between
chairs and table
should be 4 to 5
feet apart.
There are some kitchen layouts for different commercial uses:
The above numbers are showing the area of the kitchen zone.
1
1. Water passage way
2. Dishwashing area
3. Beverage
4. Pastry area
5. Cold kitchen (preparation and serving)
6. Warm kitchen
7. ENTREME’TIER
8. Pot and pan washing
9. Vegetable preparation
10. Meet preparation zone
2
Linear Arrangement with large installation
in explanation of numbers
Linear Arrangement with large installation
in explanation of rear
Serving Area
INTRODUCTION: Space allowance of serving areas should be adapted to the
needs of the specific facility. The menu, organizations of work and number
served will influence size. The type of service will be influential in dictating
space needed.
SERVICE AREA SAPCE DIMENSIONS
The equation for the serving area are as follows :
Hospital service space will depend upon whether cook-serve or cook-
chill issued trays are set up in serving pantries, and modified diets are
set up in line or in a diet kitchen.
Fast food units where food moves directly from production to the
consumer require the least service space.
The average length
of counter
residence halls and
hospitals is 10 to
12 feet.
The counter length
should be
regulated by the
variety and
volume. And the
width is 14 feet.
4 feet as patron
lane space, 1 feet
tray slide 2’6”
counter width for
44 workers.
School, and
lunchrooms
counter width
should be 30 feet.
Plastic measuring
9 by 12 inches,
compartmented,
and of pastel
colors are popular.
The number of
food court stations
and cashiers is
determined by the
number of seats.
R=N/T
R= rate of people leaving serving area
N= number of seats in dining area, and
T= average eating time
Receiving and Storage Areas
INTRODUCTION: Space allocation for receiving and storage must be based
on specific needs. The volume and type of items received and stored should
be considered.
The space requirement in square feet for food storage for 30 days has
been calculated by some as approximately half the total served.
COMMON STORAGE:
The volume of canned food needed to serve 100 persons three meals
daily for one month is estimated at approximately 45 cases of 6/10’s or
equivalent.
The maximum stack height will be 8 or 9 cases or approximately 72
inches.
Condiment bottles, cereal packages, and canned good differ in package
sizes and in stacking quality.
The depth of shelf should accommodate either the width of length of the
case, and the interspace should be adequate for the number to be
stacked one on top of another.
Allow 1-1/2 to 2 inches as free space for ease of positioning.
REFRIGERATED AND LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE:
There are many factors affecting space needs for refrigerated and low
temperature foods.
Allocation in preliminary as follows :
20 to 35 % for meat
30 to 35 % for fruits and vegetables
10 to 25 % for frozen foods
5 to 10 % for carry-over foods, salads etc.
A requirement of 15 to 20 cubic feet of refrigeration per 100 plate meals
has also been used.
A walk-in-refrigerator becomes feasible for an operation serving over
200 meals per day.
A walk-in 5 to 6 feet wide does not permit storage on both sides with
adequate aisle space.
Sanitary Areas
DISWASHING AREA:
The space required for the dishwashing operation depends on the
methods and equipment used.
The dimensions may be only 30 to 36 inches for a single tank machine,
60 to 72 inches for sinks or 7 to over 30 feet for a flight-type machine.
For rack machines, it is usually recommended that the clean dish area
occupy 66% of the total table space and the solid dish area, 40percent.
POT AND PAN SECTION:
Provide a soiled utensil collection area adequate for the largest volume
that normally arrives in the section at one time.
The turnover is determined by estimating the average time a seat is
occupied for the time period desired.
Turnover rates are affected by the method of serving and serving time
as well as by the type of customer, menu offerings, and the dining
atmosphere.
Turnover rates can be increased to some extent by many design and
operational factors.
PRODUCT DESIGN
Pro
duct D
esig
n
Lig
ht D
esig
n
MY ASSIGNMENTS
Signages and Graphics
Signage’s and Graphics designs, as symbols, emblems, or words, used
especially for identification or as a means of giving directions or warning.
SIGNAGES SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA
Initial consideration should be directed toward determining the basic
parameters required in developing the sign system. They are:
Sig
nag
e o
f Lib
erty
sh
op
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
Vartika Kh
and
elwal
M.Sc. I.D
. 3rd sem
.
Mo
dern
Accen
t Furn
iture D
esign
Syn
opsis
Du
ring m
y Classro
om
Pro
ject I
design
ed
a A
ccent
Furn
iture
w
ith th
e h
elp o
f Au
to cad
3d
co
mm
and
s. A
nd
the
mo
st p
rom
inen
t feature o
f the ran
ge w
as the u
se of b
old
patte
rns
and
graph
ics com
bin
ed w
ith a
vibran
t co
lou
r p
alette
with
co
ntrastin
g h
ue
s w
hich
w
hen
co
mb
ined
w
ith
light
colo
ure
d
wo
od
gave
a fre
sh
you
thfu
l lo
ok
that
stoo
d
ou
t in
th
e
marke
t. Its
cost-e
ffective
ness,
light
we
ight,
clean
lin
es an
d
curve
s m
ade
it id
eal
for
the
target u
ser grou
p.
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
Vartika Kh
and
elwal
M.Sc. I.D
. 3rd sem
.
Top
Plan
Sid
e Elevation
Fro
nt Elevatio
n
Isom
etric View
R
end
ered Iso
metric V
iew
Light W
oo
d
Fabric
My W
orkin
g Pro
cedu
re on
A
uto
cad 3
D
Mo
dern
Accen
t Furn
iture D
esign
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
Vartika Kh
and
elwal
M.Sc. I.D
. 3rd sem
.
Co
mm
ercial Co
un
ter Table D
esign
Syn
opsis
Du
ring
My
Co
mm
ercial
pro
ject I
design
ed
a C
ash
Co
un
ter fo
r M
y Lib
erty Sh
oes Sh
ow
roo
m. Th
e size
o
f this co
un
ter is 2’X
6’X
2’6” w
hich
is
mad
e
in
con
temp
orary
style
accord
ing
to
hu
man
an
thro
po
metrics.
In
this
table
acrylic
material
and
w
oo
d is u
sed an
d d
esigned
in
such
a man
ner to
sho
w
simp
licity and
at the
same
tim
e an elegan
t loo
k.
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
Vartika Kh
and
elwal
M.Sc. I.D
. 3rd sem
.
Co
mm
ercial Table D
esign
Top
Plan
Sid
e Elevation
Fro
nt Elevatio
n
Isom
etric View
R
end
ered Iso
metric V
iew
Hin
ges
Steel G
roo
ving
Wo
od
Bo
ard
My W
orkin
g Pro
cedu
re on
A
uto
cad 3D
Co
un
ter Top
With
C
orian
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
Vartika Kh
and
elwal
M.Sc. I.D
. 3rd sem
.
Co
mm
ercial Table D
esign
Syn
opsis
Du
ring M
y Classro
om
Au
to
Cad
3
D
assignm
ent
I d
esigned
a
Portab
le tab
le
with
draw
ers and
stud
y use
also
fo
r a
co
mp
act sp
ace
with
th
e
use
o
f 3
d
com
man
ds. Fo
r this I also
stu
died
ab
ou
t th
e
hin
ges w
hich
is used
in th
e d
esign
for
the
m
ovab
le
pu
rpo
se.
the
m
aterial w
hich
h
as b
een
taken is w
oo
d.
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
Vartika Kh
and
elwal
M.Sc. I.D
. 3rd sem
.
Co
mm
ercial Table D
esign
Top
Plan
Sid
e Elevation
Fro
nt Elevatio
n
Isom
etric View
R
end
ered Iso
metric V
iew
Hin
ges
Wo
od
en
Draw
ers
Wo
od
B
oard
Steel H
and
les
My W
orkin
g Pro
cedu
re on
A
uto
cad 3D
Side Elevatio
n
Interio
r Design
A
uto
Cad
3D
Assign
men
ts
Office C
hair
Top
Plan
Fron
t Elevation
Isom
etric View
Back rest
Cu
shio
n area
Leather B
ack rest
Han
d rest
Cu
shio
n area
Metal
Han
dle
Wh
eels Isom
etric 3D R
end
ered V
iew
Vartika K
han
delw
al M
.Sc. I.D. 3
rd sem.
Dezyn
e e’co
le co
llege
ww
w.d
ezyneeco
le.com
3
d V
iew
3d V
iew
3d V
iew
Isom
etric View
Side Elevatio
n
Top
Plan
Fro
nt Ele
vation
Isom
etric View
Isom
etric 3D
Ren
dered
View
Vartika K
han
delw
al M
.Sc. I.D. 3
rd sem.
Dezyn
e e’co
le co
llege
ww
w.d
ezynee
cole.co
m
3d
Vie
w
Isom
etric View
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
C
hair D
esign
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
R
esiden
tial Sofa D
esign
Syn
opsis
Vartika Kh
and
elwal
M.Sc. I.D
. 3rd sem
. D
ezyne
E’cole
Co
llege
ww
w.d
ezynee
cole.co
m
Du
ring
My
2n
d year
Dip
lom
a I d
esigned
a sofa
fo
r a residen
tial area w
hich
is
in “L”
shap
e
with
a
cen
tral tab
le
n
2 sid
e
tables.
Th
e
size
of
this
sofa is 6
’X2’6”X
1’6” wh
ich
is m
ade
in
con
temp
orary
style
accord
ing
to
hu
man
an
thro
po
metrics.
In
this
sofa
leather
material
is u
sed an
d d
esigned
in su
ch
a man
ner to
sho
w e
legant
loo
k.
Vartika K
han
delw
al M
.Sc. I.D. 3
rd sem.
Dezyn
e e’co
le co
llege
ww
w.d
ezynee
cole.co
m
Top
Plan
Fron
t Elevation
Isom
etric View
Side Elevatio
n
3d R
end
ered V
iew
3d R
end
ered V
iew
Au
to C
ad 3
D A
ssignm
ents
Inte
rior D
esign
My W
orkin
g Pro
ced
ure
on
Au
tocad
3D
Bibliography
While working on the Commercial Design project I have studies various
famous architects theories and designs like Joseph De Chiara and also study
of various books like:
Joseph De Chiara (Time saver standards)
www.google.com
Primary elements- D.K. Chien