varicella vaccine robyn mauldin-mcleod. what this is… overview complications methods of exposure...
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Varicella Vaccine
Robyn Mauldin-McLeod
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What this is…
Overview Complications Methods of exposure prior
to the vaccine Description of the vaccine-
benefits and risks Example of a case where
this information is relevant Argument for the use of the
Varicella vaccine from personal experiences
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About Varicella Comes from the Varicella Zoster Virus Varicella (chicken pox)- childhood Herpes Zoster (shingles)- late adulthood Chickenpox: fluid filled skin lesions that scab, crust over, and fall off Treatments: home remedies such as oatmeal baths, covering children’s
hands so they won’t itch, or using lotions Academic concerns: students typically miss 5-6 days
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My Case
Kindergarten class outbreak
10 bumps Did not know if it was a
mild case or something completely unrelated
Pediatricians thought that I would be likely to get it if exposed to it again
Kindergarten
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Chickenpox Parties
Also known as exposure parties Parents would exposure their child to one
with chicken pox so they would get the virus at a younger age.
Common before vaccine Raises concern about willfully spreading
infectious diseases
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My “parties”
Brother had a typical case
Neighborhood friend had a cousin who was invited to come to the park
Did not develop chickenpox
My brother at the age he had the virus
Fun times at Crowe Park
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Complications
Rare severe complications Adults and adolescents, pregnant women
fetuses, newborns, infants, and people with compromised immune systems at risk
Complications: infections, high fevers, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, encephalitis, pneumonia, Reye’s syndrome etc.
Can result in hospitalizations or death
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Why I was at risk?
Not sure that I ever had the chickenpox
Parties unsuccessful Close to adolescence.
My mother, a nurse, was concerned about me getting it when I was older
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The development of the vaccine Developed in Japan in 1974 US since 1995 Live attenuated virus Prevents chickenpox in 70-90% of people (mild
case) MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, varicella) vaccine Most states including North Carolina now require it
for entering daycare and kindergarten
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Pros
Shingles are less common with vaccine
Less hospitalizations since vaccine
If people develop chickenpox approx. 50 lesions (typical wild case 300-500)
More cost effective (cost of vaccine versus cost of hospitalization)
People still can get Varicella People who are allergic to
neomycin and gelatin may develop allergic reactions
Adults may run a low grade fever
Rash may develop (MMRV vs. MMR or Varicella)
More research still needed about long term immunity
Cons
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My initial vaccination
Got the vaccine in 1996 11 years old No symptoms Was new vaccine but this would now be considered
a “catch up” because of my age
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New developments
Recommend to be given in two doses (initial with booster shot given 4-6 years later)
North Carolina requirements-1 dose if born in 2001 or later
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Should I get another vaccine? Microbiologist told me of recommendations of
another dose I work in a preschool (not-state run) and
don’t have access to vaccination information Discussed with my physician
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Varicella Outbreak
Students in NC who are born before 2001 are not required to have been vaccinated
Adults with shingles Outbreak recommendations
Students-lesions crust (non-contagious) Adults with Herpes Zoster-Antiviral medications Vaccination (families, peers, 2nd dose) Notification Letters to parents
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An advocate for the Vaccine Another dose Didn’t develop any
symptoms (Tetanus booster in other
arm the same day) Soreness around Tetanus shot but not Varicella
Older non-vaccinated students coworkers with shingles
Complications in adulthood
Discovered from fiancé's case that it recommended when traveling abroad
Both Chicken pox free due to Varicella Vaccine!
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References
Campos, A. J., Varicella Zoster virus. Retrieved April 18, 2009 from http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heic/ID/vzv/
Davis, M. M. et al. (2004). Benefits of Varicella vaccine. Pediatrics, (114) 786-792.
Chickenpox vaccine: What you need to know (2008). In Centers for Disease and Control online Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-varicella.pdf
Exposure parties (2007). In National Network for Immunization Information database. Retrieved April 18, 2009 from http://www.immunizationinfo.org/exposure_parties_detail.cfv?id=20
Varicella (chickenpox) vaccination (2009). In Centers for Disease and Control online Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/varicella/default.htm