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Variables The keys to studying relationships.

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Page 1: Variables

Variables

The keys to studying relationships.

Page 2: Variables

Variables

A relationship is a statement about variables.

Page 3: Variables

Variables

A relationship is a statement about variables.A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

Page 4: Variables

Variables

A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

Height

Page 5: Variables

Variables

A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

Heightweight

Page 6: Variables

Variables

A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

Heightweightage

Page 7: Variables

Variables

A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

Heightweightageeducation level

Page 8: Variables

Variables

A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

Heightweightageeducation levelhair color

Page 9: Variables

Variables

A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

Heightweightageeducation levelhair colorthe type of automobile one drives

Page 10: Variables

Variables

A variable is a concept and refers to the variation found within a class of objects.

weightageeducation levelhair colorthe type of automobile one drivesnumber of hours of sleep one requires

Page 11: Variables

Constants

Constants are characteristics that do not vary.

Page 12: Variables

Constants

Constants are characteristics that do not vary.

gender, when members of only one sex are studied

Page 13: Variables

Constants

Constants are characteristics that do not vary.

gender, when members of only one sex are studiedpeople attending one school as opposed to subjects from different schools

Page 14: Variables

Constants

Constants are characteristics that do not vary.

gender, when members of only one sex are studiedpeople attending one school as opposed to subjects from different schoolsonly left-handed people

Page 15: Variables

Constants

Constants are characteristics that do not vary.

gender, when members of only one sex are studiedpeople attending one school as opposed to subjects from different schoolsonly left-handed peopleonly people of Japanese ancestry

Page 16: Variables

Different types of variables

Quantitative variables - Something that you can "stick a number on"

Page 17: Variables

Different types of variables

Quantitative variables - Something that you can "stick a number on"Categorical variables - How dexterous or intimidating someone may be.

Page 18: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile

Page 19: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile - categorical

Page 20: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability

Page 21: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability - categorical

Page 22: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity

Page 23: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity - categorical

Page 24: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence

Page 25: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence - categorical

Page 26: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence5. Heartbeat rate

Page 27: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence5. Heartbeat rate - quantitative

Page 28: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence5. Heartbeat rate6. Gender

Page 29: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence5. Heartbeat rate6. Gender - categorical

Page 30: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence5. Heartbeat rate6. Gender7. Brand of Shoe

Page 31: Variables

Quantitative or categorical variable?

1. Make of automobile2. Learning ability3. Ethnicity4. Intelligence5. Heartbeat rate6. Gender7. Brand of Shoe - categorical

Page 32: Variables

Studying Relationships

In science, researchers look at the relationships between two or more quantitative variables.

Page 33: Variables

Studying Relationships

In science, researchers look at the relationships between two or more quantitative variables.Age vs height

Page 34: Variables

Studying Relationships

In science, researchers look at the relationships between two or more quantitative variables.Age vs heightSAT Reading Scores vs SAT Math Scores

Page 35: Variables

Studying Relationships

In science, researchers look at the relationships between two or more quantitative variables.Age vs heightSAT Reading Scores vs SAT Math ScoresAmount of time watching television vs Number of fights

Page 36: Variables

Independent and dependent variables

Independent variables are those that the researcher chooses to study in order to examine their effect on one or more other variables.

Page 37: Variables

Independent and dependent variables

Independent variables are those that the researcher chooses to study in order to examine their effect on one or more other variables.Dependent variables are the variables that the independent variables are presumed to affect.

Page 38: Variables

Can you identify the variables?

Will students of teachers who graduated with a subject area major in addition to elementary education have higher test scores than students of education majors?Independent variable:Dependent variable:

Page 39: Variables

Can you identify the variables?

Will students of teachers who graduated with a subject area major in addition to elementary education have higher test scores than students of education majors?Independent variable: what teachers majored inDependent variable:

Page 40: Variables

Can you identify the variables?

Will students of teachers who graduated with a subject area major in addition to elementary education have higher test scores than students of education majors?Independent variable: what teachers majored inDependent variable: test scores

Page 41: Variables

Independent Variables

Independent variables may one of two things:manipulatedselected

Page 42: Variables

Manipulated Independent Variables

A manipulated variable is one that the researcher creates.

Page 43: Variables

Manipulated Independent Variables

A manipulated variable is one that the researcher creates. Manipulated variables are also known as treatment variables or experimental variables.

Page 44: Variables

Selected Independent Variable

Selected independent variables are primarily used in experiments involving humans.

Page 45: Variables

Selected Independent Variable

Selected independent variables are primarily used in experiments involving humans. Example: To study if a new AIDS vaccine works, it would be wrong to give the vaccine and then inject someone with AIDS. Instead, people are selected to get the vaccine who are likely to contract AIDS on their own.