1

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Break Broke Broken يكسر

Drive Drove Driven يقود مركبة

Forget Forgot Forgotten ينسى

Prove Proved Proven / Proved يبرهن/ يثبت

Ride Rode Ridden يركب

Rise Rose Risen يرتفع

Shake Shook Shaken يهز

Speak Spoke Spoken يتكلم

Steal Stole Stolen يسرق

Wake up Woke up Woken up يوقظ

Write Wrote written يكتب

Choose Chose Chosen يختار

Take Took Taken يأخذ

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Be (is, am) Was Been يكون

Be (are) Were Been يكون

See Saw Seen يرى

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Bite Bit Bitten يعض

Eat Ate Eaten يأكل

Hide Hid Hidden يخفي

Fall Fell Fallen يسقط

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Show Showed Shown يظهر/يعرض

Shine Shone Shone تشرق/ يشع

Tear Tore Torn يمزق

Wear Wore Worn يلبس

Weave Wove / Weaved Woven / Weaved ينسج

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Become Became Become يصبح

Come Came Come يأتي

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Blow Blew Blown ينفخ/تهب

Draw Drew Drawn يسحب/يرسم

Fly Flew Flown يطير

Grow Grew Grown يزداد/ ينمو

Know Knew Known يعرف

Throw Threw Thrown يرمي

2

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Bend Bent Bent ينحني

Build Built Built يبني

Burn Burnt (burned) Burnt (burned) يحترق/يحرق

Deal Dealt Dealt يتعامل

Dream Dreamt/dreamed Dreamt/dreamed يحلم

Feel Felt Felt يشعر

Keep Kept Kept يحفظ

Leave Left Left يغادر/يترك

Lend Lent Lent يقرض

Lose Lost Lost يفقد/يخسر

Mean Meant Meant يعني

Meet Met Met يقابل

Send Sent Sent يرسل

Sleep Slept Slept ينام

Smell Smelt/smelled Smelt/smelled يصدر رائحة/ يشم

Spend Spent Spent ينفق/يقضي

Spill Spilt Spilt يسكب

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Find Found Found يجد

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Bring Brought Brought يجلب

Buy Bought Bought يشتري

Catch Caught Caught يمسك

Seek Sought Sought يبحث

Teach Taught Taught يعلم

Think Thought Thought يعتقد/ يفكر

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Cost Cost Cost يكلف

Cut Cut Cut يجرح/يقطع

Hit Hit Hit يضرب

Hurt Hurt Hurt يجرح/يؤذي

Let Let Let يسمح/يدع

Put Put Put يضع

Read Read Read يقرأ

Shut Shut Shut يغلق

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Get Got Got يحصل على

Stick Stuck Stuck يلصق

3

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Drink Drank Drunk يشرب

Ring Rang Rung يقرع

Sing Sang Sung يغني

Swim Swam Swum يسبح

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Begin Began Begun يبدأ

Do Did Done ينجز/ يعمل

Go Went Gone يذهب

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Feed Fed Fed يغذي/ يتغذى

Have Had Had يملك

Hear Heard Heard يسمع

Hold Held Held يعقد/ يمسك

Lay Laid Laid يضع

Lead Led Led يقود

Make Made Made يؤدي/ يصنع / يعمل

Pay Paid Paid يدفع

Say Said Said يقول

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Forgive Forgave Forgiven يسامح

Give Gave Given يعطي

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Lie Lay Lain يستلقي

Run Ran Run يدير/ يركض

Sew Sewed Sewn / Sewed يخيط

Sell Sold Sold يبيع

Stand Stood Stood يقف

Tell Told Told يخبر

Understand Understood Understood يفهم

Sit Sat Sat يجلس

Win Won Won يفوز

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4

شادي الرمحي Countable and Uncountable شادي الرمحي

الاسم المعدود

Countable

هو كل اسم يمكن عدهّ و تحويله الى جمع

الاسم غير المعدودUncountable

كل اسم لا يمكن عدهّ و ليس له جمع هو

الأسماء التالية تدل على الجمع رغم أنها لا تنتهي بـS الجمع:

الجمع المفرد المعنى

Man Men رجل

Woman Women امرأة

Child Children طفل

Person People شخص

Policeman Police شرطي

Policewoman Police شرطية

Foot Feet قدم

نس Tooth Teeth

Ox Oxen ثور

Goose Geese اوزة

Mouse Mice فأر

Louse Lice قملة

الأسماء التالية تدل على المفرد و رغم الأسماء التالية تدل على المفرد

كذلك

:على الجمع في نفس الوقت : Sأنها تنتهي بـ

المعنى الكلمة

المعنى الكلمة

news اخبار fish سمكة

Goods بضائع sheep خروف

physics فيزياء deer غزال

athletics ألعاب قوى Means وسيلة

mathematics رياضيات series سلسلة

boss, success,

fitness, glass

أي كلمة تنتهي

ssبــ

species صنف

5

شادي الرمحي Pronouns شادي الرمحي

Subject Object Adjective Possessive Reflexive

I Me My Mine Myself

He Him His His Himself

She Her Her Hers Herself

They Them Their Theirs Themselves

We Us Our Ours Ourselves

You You Your Yours Yourself/selves

It It Its Its Itself

6

شادي الرمحي DERIVATIONS شادي الرمحي

The use of the verb, noun, adjective and adverb.

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

Help Help Helpful Helpfully

Disorganise Disorganisation Disorganised ***********

Intensify Intensity Intensive Intensively

Enlarge Enlargement Large Largely

Strengthen Strength Strong Strongly

Succeed Success Successful Successfully

Repeat Repetition Repeated repeatedly

.تكون حال ly أي كلمة تنتهي بــ .1

.من الحال ينتج صفة lyعند ازالة .2

.تكون فعل (en)أو قد تبدأ أو تنتهي بـ (ise, ize, fy, eed)أي كلمة تنتهي بـ .3

.أي انه بدون اي اضافات, الفعل هو جذر الكلمة .4

differ difference different differently

differ different differently

difference different differently

differ difference differently

differ difference different

noun suffixes adjective suffixes

-tion

-sion

-ness

-ment

-ance

-ence

-se

-cy

-ty

-ure

-th

-sm

-dom

-age

-hood

-ship

information

television

fitness

government

importance

difference

expense

fluency

possibility

future

health

criticism

kingdom

marriage,

childhood

relationship

-ful

-less

-able

-ous

-y

-ent

-ant

-ive

-ic

-al

-en

-ish

-ate

-ite

-ing

-ed

beautiful

careless

remarkable

serious

lucky

different

important

expensive,

scientific

governmental

golden

childish

accurate

favourite

boring

injured

7

I. THE USE OF THE VERB

1. In the middle of a sentence after the subject.

.قد يكون الفاعل ضمير أو اسم أو شبه جملة اسمية

Subject + verb

Pronoun: (I, He, She, They, We, You, It)

Noun: (Ahmad, Maha, The doctor, The students ….etc)

Noun Phrase: (The girls of the flat in our building ….)

- If I …………………………………………………… that they are coming, I'll invite some friends.

(know, knowledge, knowledgeable)

- Most doctors …………………………………………………… in English when they talk with each other

about medical cases.

(speak, speech, speechless)

- The students of that class in our school …………………………………………………… dictionaries in the class.

(use, useful, usefully)

2. After (to) as an infinitive.

- The teacher is going to …………………………………………………… us in this question.

(help, helpful, helpfully)

3. After the modals and verb to do

(will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, do, does, did)

- The institution should …………………………………………………… the farmers for their loss.

(compensated, compensate, compensation)

- They are identical. Do they …………………………………………………… from each other?

(differ , difference, different)

4. At the beginning of a sentence as an imperative

- …………………………………………………… yourself in this matter.

(Helpfully, Helpful, Help)

.عند وجود أداة ربط أو علامة ترقيم يصبح لدينا جملتين منفصلتين

- …………………………………………………… up so that I can hear you.

(Speak, Speech, Speechless)

5. After (had better, would rather)

- You had better …………………………………………………… your time.

(organization, organized, organize)

8

6. After (make, let, help)

make

let + object + base

help

- Our teacher lets us …………………………………………………… the dictionary in the class.

(usefully, useful, use)

II. THE USE OF THE NOUN 1. After (a, an, the)

- The …………………………………………………… of our plan, depends on all of us.

(success, successful, successfully)

جملة لا تحتوي على فعل + ……………………………………………………

جملة تحتوي على فعل + ……………………………………………………

- …………………………………………………… has prevented him from continuing his higher studies.

( Poor, Poverty, Poorly)

- Unless something is done, …………………………………………………… will increase in the future.

(pollute, pollution, polluted)

2. After the adjective - He made a remarkable …………………………………………………… in his research.

(improved, improvement, improve)

3. After ( ’s ) or the adjective pronouns (my, his, her, their, our, your, its)

تأتي(‘s) خدامها مع الضمائرالملكية مع الأسماء فقط ولا يجوز است.

(‘s) مع الاسم فانها تدل على الملكية أما وجودها مع الضمائر فيدل على الاختصار.

He's : He is / He has She's : She is/ She has

it's : it is/ it has its + noun

The teacher's book : …………………………………………………… The teachers' room: ……………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- My brother's …………………………………………………… in three languages enabled him to find a job.

(fluency, fluent, fluently)

4. After the prepositions (in, on, of, at, into, for, from, under, with, without,

about,against, between ..etc ) - Farmers should take weather conditions into ……………………………………………………

(consider, consideration, considerably)

9

5. After phrases of quantity (much, many, any, little, some, no, enough, a few

several, each …etc ) - Is there any …………………………………………………… between them?

(differ, difference, different)

6. After the verb as an object.

- Sub + verb + ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Governments encourage ……………………………………………………

(industry, industrially, industrial)

7. After the determiners (this, that, these, those ) - This …………………………………………………… has been made by an earthquake.

(destructive, destruction, destructively)

8. After the gerund (v-ing) :ياتي المصدر في الجملة كما يلي: ملاحظة

She is fond of reading stories. بعد حروف الجر .1

.Driving buses is difficult. في بداية الجملة كفاعل .2

:بعد أفعال معينة مثل .3

enjoy, hate, dislike, finish, deny, admit, smell, find, avoid, stop mind, practice,

suggest, like, begin, start, intend, continue, remember, try, prefer

- He enjoys giving …………………………………………………… to the poor.

(help, helpful, helpfully)

**********************************************************

اذا ارتبطت مع احدى (to)الا انه يتم استخدام اسم بعد , في جميع الحالات (to)جرد بعد يتم استخدام فعل م

:المصطلحات التالية

(be used to, get used to, be accustomed to, be sentenced to, be committed to, due to,

look forward to, according to, regarding to, concerning to, object to, lead to, adapt to)

a. He had worked hard and was looking forward to …………………………………………………….

(retire, retirement, retired)

b. The negative image of immigrants is largely due to …………………………………………………….

(ignore, ignorant, ignorance)

c. He was sentenced to …………………………………………………….

(death, dead, die)

11

III. THE USE OF THE ADJECTIVE

1. Before the noun.

to …………………………………………………… information (use, useful, usefully)

the …………………………………………………… information (use, useful, usefully)

- Sami earns his living by giving …………………………………………………… lessons in music.

(private, privately, privacy)

2. After (make), (find) and (become)

become + adjective

become + (a, an, the) + noun

- Education has become …………………………………………………… for both boys and girls.

(necessity, necessary, necessarily)

- Education has become a …………………………………………………… for both boys and girls.

(necessity, necessary, necessarily)

make + object + adjective

make + object + verb

- His encouragement made me ……………………………………………………

(succeed, success, successfully)

- His encouragement made me ……………………………………………………

(successful, success, successfully)

find + object + adjective be + found + adjective

- She found the film ……………………………………………………

(boredom, boring, boringly)

- Our neighbour was found …………………………………………………… in the forest.

(death, die, dead)

3. After (verb to be)

be + adjective be + (a, an, the) + noun

it's + adjective its + noun

- Life in the future will be …………………………………………………… from life today.

(difference, different, differently)

- There will be a …………………………………………………… in life in the future.

(difference, different, differently)

11

there + be + noun subject + be + adjective

- There was …………………………………………………… in the city after the match.

(chaos, chaotic, chaotically)

- It was …………………………………………………… in the city after the match.

(chaos, chaotic, chaotically)

4. After the following verbs (look, seem, feel, smell, taste, sound) - She looks ……………………………………………………

(sad, sadness, sadly)

( : V.3) المفعول و اسم( V-ing) اسم الفاعل

يتم تكوين اسم الفاعل باضافة(-ing ) للفعل و يستخدم اسم الفاعل كصفة و ذلك اذا كان الاسم الموصوف

. هو الذي قام بالفعل أو كان سبب حدوثه

ى يتم تكوين اسم المفعول من التصريف الثالث للفعل و يستخدم اسم المفعول كصفة و ذلك اذا وقع الفعل عل

. الاسم الموصوف

a. My grandma told us an …………………………………………………… story last night.

( amazing, amazed, amaze )

b. There are some …………………………………………………… vegetables in the fridge.

( cooked, cooking, cook )

IV. THE USE OF THE ADVERB

:ولا تكون حال, مثل( ly)ـ يوجد بعض الكلمات التي تنتهي ب

likely, unlikely, lovely, lively, friendly, costly, ugly, sly, oily, manly, silly, deadly

fast, well, hard, late :و تكون حال, مثل( ly)يوجد بعض الكلمات لا تنتهي بـ

1. To describe the verb.

…………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. في نهاية جملة مكتملة .1

…………………………..……………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………… .قبل الفعل الرئيسي. 2

…………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………………… .بين الفعل المساعد والفعل الرئيسي. 3

- I thanked him ……………………………………………………

(politely, politeness, polite)

- She …………………………………………………… drove along the narrow road.

(carefully, care, careful)

- We will ……………………………………………………help her.

(willing, will, willingly)

Subject + transitive verb + object (noun)

Subject + intransitive verb + adverb

- Tom swam …………………………………………………… in the river.

(skill, skilful, skilfully)

- Tamara needs …………………………………………………… in this matter.

(help, helpful, helpfully)

12

2. Before the adjective. - It's …………………………………………………… cheap restaurant.

(amazed, amazing, amazingly)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Before (p.p) - The meeting was …………………………………………………… organised.

(carefully, careful, care)

4. After (very, too, so, quite, a bit, really) and between (as ……………………………………………………as)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- His ideas are too ……………………………………………………

(theorise, theory, theoretical)

- Laila walks very ……………………………………………………

(caution, cautious, cautiously)

- Ali is as …………………………………………………… as Nabeel.

(careful, care, carefully)

- Jalal drives as …………………………………………………… as his brother.

(careful, care, carefully)

5. At the beginning before the comma. - ……………………………………………………., people get married at the weekends.

(Tradition, Traditional, Traditionally)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- She wanted to …………………………………………………… emphasize on the matter.

(deep, depth, deeply)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- She will definitely …………………………………………………… in her exams.

(succeed, success, successful)

- She is completely …………………………………………………… from her sister.

(differ, different, differently)

13

emigrate , transfer , legal , habitat , climate

1. A strong ……………………………………………………. system is important in modern society.

2. Information about ……………………………………………………. is useful for farmers to grow their crops.

3. The place where an animal lives is called its ……………………………………………………..

4. People use the internet to …………………………………………………….money or pay bills.

Choose the most suitable item from those given between brackets to complete

the following sentences.

1. The Ministry of ……………………………………………………. plays an important role in Jordan.

(Health, Healthy, Healthily)

2. Do you remember the place we ……………………………………………………. to visit again?

(hope, hopeful, hopefully)

3. This table is ……………………………………………………..

(move, movement, movable)

4. You can ……………………………………………………. this tool to help you.

(use, useful, usefully)

5. His speech made me ……………………………………………………. for some time.

(happiness, happy, happily)

6. ……………………………………………………. , nobody was hurt during the storm.

(Fortune, Fortunate, Fortunately)

7. This game needs encouragement and ……………………………………………………..

(enthuse, enthusiastic, enthusiasm)

8. You should be very ……………………………………………………. when you face a problem.

(patience, patient, patiently)

9. Laila speaks English as ……………………………………………………. as Manar.

( fluency, fluent , fluently)

10. You had better ……………………………………………………. about your future.

(think, thoughtful, thoughtfully)

11. My ……………………………………………………. is to be a famous doctor.

(ambition, ambitious, ambitiously)

12. He looks ……………………………………………………. after the death of his wife.

(sad, sadness, sadly)

13. I need some ……………………………………………………. about your experience.

(inform, information, informal)

14. You have to ……………………………………………………. loud and clear.

(speak, speech, speechless)

15. She became ……………………………………………………. when I told her the truth.

(anger, angry, angrily)

14

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

Produce Production / Product Productive Productively

********* Medicine Medical Medically

********* Nine / Ninth ********* *********

Inherit Inheritance Inherited *********

Originate Origin Original Originally

Invent Invention Inventive Inventively

Discover Discovery ********** *********

Influence Influence Influential *********

Translate Translation Translated *********

******** Archaeology Archaeological Archaeologically

Appreciate Appreciation Appreciable Appreciably

Educate Education Educated/Educational Educationally

Collect Collection Collected / Collective Collectively

Install Installation Installed *********

******** Tradition Traditional Traditionally

Weave Weaving Woven *********

Attract Attraction Attractive Attractively

Create Creation Creative Creatively

Operate Operation Operational *********

Expect Expectancy Expectant Expectantly

A. Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in brackets.

1. The Middle East is famous for the …………………………………………………… of olive oil. (produce)

2. Ibn Sina wrote …………………………………………………… textbooks. (medicine)

3. Fatima al-Fihri was born in the ……………………………………………………century. (nine)

4. My father bought our house with an……………………………………………………from his grandfather. (inherit)

5. Scholars have discovered an……………………………………………………document from the twelfth century.

(origin)

6. Do you think the wheel was the most important……………………………………………………ever? (invent)

7. Al-Kindi made many important mathematical……………………………………………………. (discover)

8. Who was the most ……………………………………………………writer of the twentieth century? (influence)

B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

translation, archaeology, appreciation, educate, collect, installation

1. Petra is an important ……………………………………………………………………………site.

2. I will be going to university to continue my …………………………………………………………………………….

3. In our exam, we had to ………………………………………………………………a text from Arabic into English.

4. They are going to ……………………………………………………………………………a new air conditioning unit in our flat.

5. Thank you for your help, I really ……………………………………………………………………………it.

6. Have you seen Nasser's ……………................……………………………………of postcards? He's got hundreds.

15

C. Complete the text with the suitable words derived from the words in brackets.

Madaba is the place where most Jordanian weavers buy their materials. Sheep's wool, and

goat and camel hair are used by Bedouin tribes and villagers all over Jordan to (1)

…………………………………………………………… (product) rugs, bags and other beautiful items. (2)

…………………………………………………………………………… (Traditional), the whole process is done by hand, from the

washing of the wool to the finished article. There is a particular Bedouin style of (3)

……………………………………………………………………………(weave) that buyers find very (4) ……………………………………………………………………………

(attraction). Another craft practised in Madaba is the (5) ……………………………………………………………………………

(creative) of ceramic items.

D. Choose the correct option in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. Many instruments that are still used today in ……………………………………………………………………………were

designed by Arab scholars.

(operational / operate / operations)

2. When do you……………………………………………………………………………to receive your test results?

(expect / expectancy / expectantly)

*************************************************************************

16

الضمائر بأنواعها و كيفية عودتها على الأسماء:

منعكس/ توكيد ملكية مفعول به فاعل

he him his himself للمذكر العاقل المفرد

she her her (s) herself للمؤنث العاقل المفرد

it it its itself لغير العاقل المفرد

they them their (s) themselves للجمع بأنواعه

هنا here للمكان

there هناك

I will go to London. My uncle lives there.

there : in London

then للزمان

في ذاك الوقت

Pele started playing football in 1958. He was 17

years old then.

then : in 1958

للمفرد بأنواعه

this

إسمية تعود على جملة

that

Ziad speaks English fluently. This made him find

a good job.

This : speaking English fluently.

these للجمع بأنواعه

those

There are some tools in the box. These will be

useful to you.

These : some tools.

للمفرد بأنواعه

للجمع بأنواعه

one

ones

I sold my car yesterday. I will buy a new one soon.

one : car.

للعاقل بأنواعه

للعاقل بأنواعه

للعاقل و غير العاقل

لغير العاقل

للعاقل و غير العاقل

للمكان

للزمان

who

whom

whose

which

that

where

when

.الاسم الموصول يعود دائما على الاسم الواقع قبله مباشرة

I met the man who built this house.

who : the man

17

Punctuation / Capital letters الحروف الكبيرة/ علامات الترقيم

:في بداية الكلمة في الحالات التالية يتم استخدام الحروف الكبيرة

( )!(?).( )أو بعد في بداية كل جملة. 1

* He has decided to sell his car. This made his wife angry.

.بغض النظر عن موقعها في الجملة Iمع كلمة . 2

* The doctor recommended that I should take the medicine.

الأشخاص و الأيام و الشهور و الدول و المدن و القارات و اللغات و كذلك مع أسماء المنظمات مع أسماء. 3

.و المناطق الجغرافيةو المواقع و الجنسيات

* Nabeel – Friday – April – Jordan – Damascus – Europe – English –

the United Nations – Jordanian – the Centre of London – the Nile.

ولا يتم استخدام نقطة بعد هذه الكلمات Mr, Mrs, Ms, Drمع الألقاب . 4

* Mr Hourani – Mrs Darwish – Ms Haddad – Dr Fayyoumi

مع الاتجاهات مع أسماء المكان. 5

* the North of Jordan – the West Bank – the South of London.

صارات الهيئات و البرامج و المنظمات , و لا يتم استخدام نقطة بين حروف هذه الاختصاراتمع اخت. 6

* JTV – OPEC – WHO

يتم كتابة أسماء فصول السنة بحروف صغيرة: ملاحظة

* spring – summer – autumn - winter

Rewrite the following sentences using capital letters where necessary.

1. they will visit mr hourani next Friday. ……………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................................……………………….……………………………

2. my teacher thinks that i will make a good engineer. ……………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................................……………………….……………………………

3. the nile is the longest river in africa.

……………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................................……………………….……………………………

4. amman, the capital of jordan, was called philadelphia.

……………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................................……………………….……………………………

5. dr sulaiman can speak arabic and english.

……………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................................……………………….……………………………

6. o.p.e.c. and w.h.o are international organizations.

……………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................................……………………….……………………………

7. december and january are the coldest months in the year.

……………………………………………………….......................................................................................................................................................……………………….……………………………

18

شادي الرمحي UNIT ONE شادي الرمحي

Initial Test

1. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrasal verb.

a. get started b. look around c. meet up

d. settle down e. take place f. wake up

a. Tell me about the novel you're reading. Where does the story …………………………...........................………………?

b. I'm sorry I'm late. I didn't …………………………...........................…………………… early enough.

c. When I graduate from university, I would like to buy a house and ……………………...........................………….

d. If you're free at the weekend, let's …………………………...........................……………………and go shopping together.

e. I've never visited that museum. I'd like to go in and …………………………...........................…………………….

f. I've got a lot of homework, so I think I should …………………………...........................……………………right now.

2. Complete the sentences with words from the box. One word is not needed.

energy, grateful, headlines, helmet, lawyer, likely, navy

a. I am studying hard because I want to be a .......................……………………………….……………….

b. When you ride a bike, you should always wear a .......................……………………………….……………….

c. Thank you so much! We are very .......................……………………………….……………….

d. Do you think it is .......................……………………………….……………… to rain tomorrow.

e. I always look at the newspaper .......................…………………………….………………, but I don't always read the

articles.

f. Solar panels generate.......................……………………………….……………… from the sun.

3. Complete the sentences with the cooking verbs in the box. One verb is not needed.

boils, fry, grill, melts, mix, roast, season, slice, sprinkle

a. When you heat cheese, it .......................……………………………….……………….

b. Put some flour and sugar in a bowl and .......................……………………………….……………… them together.

c. You need a sharp knife to .......................……………………………….……………… the bread.

d. Heat the water until it .......................……………………………….……………….

e. Put the eggs in oil or butter to .......................…………………………….……………… them.

f. .......................………………………………………… some salt and pepper over the potato to .......................………………………… them.

g. .......................……………………………….……………… the meat in the oven.

19

شادي الرمحي UNIT ONE شادي الرمحي

Information Technology

1. Access (v): to find information especially on a computer. يتوصل إلى

2. Blog (n): a regularly updated personal website or web page, usually written in an

informal style. مدونة

3. Calculation (n): a way of using numbers in order to find out an amount, price or

value. عملية حسابية

4. Computer chip (n): a small piece inside a computer which stores information via an

electric current. رقاقة كمبيوتر

5. Email exchange (n): a series of emails between two or more people, each email

generally a reply to the previous one. تبادل إلكتروني

6. Filter (n): a program that checks whether certain content on a web page should be

displayed to the viewer. فلتر

7. Floppy disk (n): a flexible, removable, magnetic disk that stores computer

information. قرص مرن

8. ICT (n): Information and Communication technology. تكنولوجيا الإتصال و المعلومات

9. Identity fraud(n): illegal actions using the identity of someone else, normally to buy

things. سرقة البيانات الشخصية

10. PC (n): an abbreviation for a personal computer, a computer that is used by one

person at a time. كمبيوتر شخصي

11. Privacy settings (n): controls available on social sites which let you decide who can

see what information. إعدادات الخصوصية

12. Program (n): a set of instructions enabling a computer to function. برمجيات

13. Programme (n): a content which is intended to be listened to on radio or watched on

television. برنامج

14. Rely on (phv): to have trust or confidence in something or someone. يعتمد على

15. Sat Nav System (n): satellite navigation system, a system of computers and

satellites, used in cars and other places that tells you where something is,

where you are or how to get a place. نظام ملاحة

21

16. Security settings (n): controls available on computer programs which let you protect

your computer from viruses. إعدادات الحماية

17. Smartphone (n): a mobile phone with advanced computing technology. هاتف ذكي

18. Social media (n): interaction between people and communities on websites or

blogs. وسائل التواصل الإجتماعي

19. Tablet computer (n): a mobile computer, with a touch screen, processor and battery

all in one unit. كمبيوتر لوحي

20. User (n): a person who uses a product or service, especially a computer or another

machine. المستخدم

21. Web-building program (n): a software that helps you create a website. برنامج لبناء شبكة

22. Web hosting (n): the business of hosting, serving and maintaining files for one or

more websites. إستضافة الموقع

23. Whiteboard (n): a touchscreen computer program that enables you to draw sketches,

write and present ideas and talks to colleagues or students. كمبيوتر لوحي

24. World Wide Web (n): an information system, known as the Internet, which allows

documents to be connected to other documents, and for people to search

for information by moving from one document to another. الشبكة العنكبوتية

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

Access Access Accessible

Blog Blog

Calculate Calculation

Email Email exchange

Filter Filter

Post Post

Rely on Reliance Reliable

21

شادي الرمحي UNIT ONE شادي الرمحي

The History of Computers

يحتاج تكنولوجيا حاسوب يستخدم

When you are using a computer, think about the technology that is needed for it to work.

الة معدني أنواع

People have been using types of computers for thousands of years. A metal machine

يعتقد اليونان قاع البحر تم العثور عليها

was found on the seabed in Greece that was more than 2,000 years old. It is believed

that this was the first ever computer.

1. How long have people been using types of computers?

2. Where was the first ever computer found?

3. What was found on the seabed in Greece?

4. What is believed about the metal machine?

5. What does each of the following pronouns refer to:

a. that: …………………………………………………………………………… b. it: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

c. this: ……………………………………………………………………………

جيل مخترعون تطورت أربيعينيات

In the 1940s, technology had developed enough for inventors to make the first generation

مربع كبير نموذج حديث

of modern computers. One such model was so large it needed a room that was 167 square

طور علماء عقد خلال يتسع

meters to accommodate. During that decade, scientists in England developed the first

عملية حسابية ينهي استغرقت برنامج

computer program. It took 25 minutes to complete one calculation. In 1958 CE, the

رقاقة

computer chip was developed.

1. How had technology helped inventors?

2. When was the first generation of modern computers invented?

3. Quote the sentence which shows that the first modern computers were very large.

4. What did scientists in England do?

5. What took 25 minutes?

6. What happened in 1958 CE?

7. What does each of the following pronouns refer to:

a. it: …………………………………………………………………………… b. that: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

c. It: ……………………………………………………………………………

22

أنتجت لعبة

The first computer game was produced in 1962 CE, followed two years later by the

معلومات يعني أخترع القرص المرن

computer mouse. In 1971 CE, the floppy disk was invented, which meant that information

كمبيوتر شخصي يشُترك

could be shared between computers for the first time. The first PC (personal computer)

يشتري

was produced in 1974 CE, so people could buy computers to use at home.

1. What was produced in 1962 CE?

2. What was invented in 1964 CE?

3. What was invented in 1971 CE?

4. What did the invention of the floppy disk mean?

5. What was produced in 1974 CE?

6. What did the PC enable ordinary people to do?

يشتري

In 1983 CE, people could buy a laptop for the first time. Then, in 1990 CE, the British

الشبكة العنكبوتية طور عالم

scientist Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web. However, it was not until 2007

ظهرت الهواتف الذكية

CE that the first smartphones appeared. Today, most people use their mobile phones every

day.

1. What could people buy in 1983 CE?

2. What did Tim Berners-Lee develop?

3. What happened in 2007?

4. Quote the sentence which shows that smartphones are used daily.

5. The underlined pronoun "their" refers to: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………

مثل ساعات المستقبل

What will happen in the future? You can already buy watches which can do the same as

نظارات طوروا علماء

mobile phones. Scientists have also developed glasses that are capable of doing even more

than this.

1. What will happen in the future?

2. What have scientists developed?

3. The underlined pronoun "which" refers to: …………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………

محتمل تغييرات أبعد

Life in the future is going to see further changes in computer technology. It is likely that all

نسافر برمجة يعتمد على الحياة اليومية مظاهر

aspects of everyday life will rely on a computer program, from how we travel to how our

يتم تدفئتها

homes are heated.

23

1. Quote a sentence which shows that computer technology will not end in the future.

2. Mention two aspects of everyday life will rely on a computer program.

QUESTION NUMBER ONE 1. How do you think computer technology will develop further in the future?

I think that computer technology will develop further in the future to the point

that it will know how to do our every need. We will not have to think about

everyday tasks like shopping and cleaning.

2. We rely more and more on computer technology. How far do you agree that this is a

positive development?

I agree that computers have enabled us to do many great things, but becoming

overly reliant on technology is not a positive aspect of this development.

3. Which form of modern technology do you think is the most useful? Why?

I think a tablet is the most useful because it's small and light; you can take it

out with you and you can use it for different activities, e.g. surfing the net,

listening to music, reading a book, watching a film, keeping up-to-date with

social media, etc.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having laptop computers, tablet

computers or smartphones?

I think that the advantages are that they are light, portable and convenient.

I think that the disadvantages are that people use them all the time and then

don't speak to people face to face.

5. What would life be like without computers?

I think that it would take longer to find information; we wouldn't be able to

send documents quickly to another person; we wouldn't keep in touch with

friends and family so easily, etc.

QUESTION NUMBER TWO a. Match the descriptions with the words in the box.

computer chip, calculation, floppy disk, smartphone, program, PC, World Wide Web

1. a mobile phone that connects to the internet. .......................…………………………….….....…

2. a very small piece found inside every computer. .......................…………………………….….....…

3. a small square piece of plastic that was used to store information from computers. ........................….....…

4. a computer designed for one person to use. .......................…………………………….….....…

5. when you use maths to work out an answer. .......................…………………………….….....…

6. all the information shared by computers through the Internet. .......................…………………………….….....…

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b. Match the descriptions with the words in brackets.

1. Modern computers can run a lot of (programs / models) at the same time.

2. You can move around the computer screen using a (tablet / mouse).

3. From 1990 CE to 2000 CE was a (decade / generation).

4. A (laptop / tablet) doesn’t need a keyboard.

5. The television was first (invented / developed) by John Logie Baird.

c. Complete the sentences with words from the box.

models, calculations, laptop, smartphones, programs, PC

1. Although they are pocket-sized, .......................…………………………….….....… are powerful computers as well

as phones.

2. My brother is learning how to write computer .......................…….............................................…………….

3. I need to make a few .......................…………………………….…....…………… before I decide how much to spend.

4. Mobile phones used to be huge. Early .......................……………......................…………… were as big as bricks!

5. I can close the lid of my .......................…………………………….….....................…and then put it in my bag.

25

شادي الرمحي TENSES شادي الرمحي

(مراجعة)أزمنــــــــة الفعــــــــل

I. THE SIMPLE PRESENT

THE FORM OF THE VERB

a. base : I, They, We, You, اسم جمع: clean , do , study.

b. base + s, es, ies : He, She It, اسم مفرد: cleans, does, studies. : ملاحظات

أو أي اسم مفرد و ينتهي هذا الفعل بأحد ( He, She, It ) و ذلك اذا كان الفاعل ( es) نضيف للفعل المضارع . 1

:الحروف التالية

O : goes , does X : mixes , fixes SS: passes , assesses

Ch: watches , catches Sh: washes , pushes

أو أي اسم مفرد و ينتهي هذا الفعل بحرف ( He, She, It ) و ذلك اذا كان الفاعل ( ies) نضيف للفعل المضارع . 2

(y ) على شرط أن لا يسبقه أحد حروف العلة (a, e, i, o, u ) أما اذا جاء حرف علة قبل حرف , (y ) فنضيف (s )فقط:

cry : cries fly: flies

stay: stays play: plays

أو أي اسم مفرد و ينتهي هذا الفعل بباقي ( He, She, It ) و ذلك اذا كان الفاعل ( s) نضيف للفعل المضارع . 3

( :2)و ( 1)الحروف التي لم تذكر سابقا في النقطتين

works paints looks types meets sees

USES:

1. Things that happen as a routine in the present. التحدث عن عادة

always, usually, often, normally, generally, frequently, repeatedly, sometimes, hardly,

scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, hardly ever, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually,

occasionally, at weekends, from time to time, ( on + اسم الأيام جمع ) ,( every + زمن ) .

once

twice day, week, fortnight,

three times + a + month, season, year

several times decade, century

many times

و الأخرى ( do, does )يتكون المضارع البسيط من كلمة واحدة فقط في حالة الجمل المثبتة و يتكون من كلمتين احداهما

.الفعل المجرد في حالتي النفي و السؤال

1. Ahmad……………………………………………………… his grandparents weekly. (visit)

2. Ahmad……………………………………………………… his grandparents weekly. (not / visit)

3. …………………….…… Ahmad ………………………….………………… his grandparents weekly? (visit)

2. Something that is true in the present / Things are always true. التحدث عن حقيقة

. معروفة لمعظم الناسجملة الحقيقة لا تحتوي على دلائل زمنية و تتحدث عن فكرة عامة

1. The lion ……………………………………………………… grass. (not / eat)

2. Man ………………………………………………one heart and two eyes. (have)

3. Smoking …………………………………………bad for your health. (be)

26

3. Scheduled fixed events in the future. التحدث عن جدول زمني ثابت . الخ...التحدث عن حركة المواصلات و دوام الدوائر الرسمية و البنوك و المدارس و الجامعات والسينما عند

1. The plane ……………………………………………………… tomorrow at 6:30. (arrive)

2. The bank ………………………………………………next Sunday at 3:00. (close)

4. To describe the state of people. وصف حالة الناس . عند التحدث عن مكان السكن أو البلد الأصلي أو نوع العمل أو الدراسة

1. I ……………………………………………………… engineering in the University of Jordan. (study)

2. She ………………………………………………in a bank. (work)

3. Salem …………………………………………in a village near Jerash. (live)

II. THE SIMPLE PAST

THE FORM OF THE VERB الثاني من الفعل التصريف

To talk about something in the past or a routine in the past.

KEY WORDS:

yesterday, ( last +زمن) , (زمن + ago), (in + سنة في الماضي ), in the past, ( the previous +زمن)

و الأخرى الفعل المجرد ( did )يتكون الماضي البسيط من كلمة واحدة فقط في حالة الجمل المثبتة و يتكون من كلمتين احداهما

.في حالتي النفي و السؤال

1. Bill……………………………………………………his country ten years ago. (leave)

2. Bill……………………………………………………his country ten years ago. (not / leave)

3. ………………………Bill ………..………………………his country ten years ago? (leave)

4. We ……………………………………………………to the beach everyday last week. (go)

III. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ is, are, am + V-ing ]

KEY WORDS: 1. To talk about something that is happening at the moment.

now, nowadays, at the moment, at this minute, at the present

1. What ……………………… they ……………………………………………at the moment? (do)

2. What…………………………………you …………………………………………right now? (read)

2. To describe something temporary.

Look!, Listen!, Be careful!, Watch out!, Hurry up!, Be quiet!, Don’t + base.

1. Don't go out. It ………………………………………………………. heavily right now. (rain)

2. Look! They ………………………………………………………. us. (watch)

27

3. For actions that happen repeatedly in the present. We use it with "always." ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………................................…………….………….

1. Mom …………………………………always …………………………………cake for us. (make)

2. I hate this place. It …………………………………always …………………………………. (rain)

4. To talk about the future, where something has been planned. التحدث عن مستقبل مخطط له عند التحدث عن الرحلات و الحفلات و المناسبات

1. Next Monday, we ……………………………………………………… my brother's graduation. (celebrate)

2. We ……………..............………………………………… to the USA next Friday. (go)

IV. THE PAST CONTINUOUS

THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ was, were + V-ing ]

KEY WORDS:

V.2 while , as (was, were ) + V-ing

(was, were) + V-ing when V.2

1. While we ……………..............………………………………… the film, someone broke the window. (watch)

2. I ……………..............………………………………… when the alarm clock rang. (sleep)

This time + البسيط الماضيأحد مؤشرات ( was , were ) + V-ing

1. This time last year, we……………………………………………………………… for the first semester results. (wait)

2. He ……………………………………………………….…… to her this time last night. (talk)

V. THE PRESENT PERFECT

* THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ have,has + p.p ]

* KEY WORDS:

since, for, ever, never, recently, lately, finally, lastly, at last, before, up to now,

up to present, yet, so far, already, just, today, this (زمن), all (his) life.

1. Dana ……………………………………………………… them about the accident yet. ( not / tell )

2. Rabab ………………………………already ……………………………………………………… me. ( phone )

3. I ………………………………………………………..………… stamps since I was a child. ( collect )

4. Where …………………………………you ……………………………………………………… Suha recently? ( see )

5. I ……………………………………………………… in such a nice place before. (not / be )

6. I ……………………………………………………… my exams this week. (finish)

. يتم استخدام المضارع التام عند التحدث عن ماضي غير محدد

1. The earth ……………………………………………………… around the sun. (move)

2. My brother ……………………………………………………… to another flat. (move)

.تام على فعل بدأ في الماضي وانتهى قبل وقت قريب جدا يدل المضارع ال

1. She ……………………………………………….………………. the kitchen. It is clean now. (clean)

2. You look very nice today. You ……………………………………………………… a nice haircut. (have)

28

. ي فنستخدم مضارع بسيطتدل على تكرار منف ( never ) اذا كانت

. تدل على فعل منتهي فنستخدم مضارع تام ( never ) اذا كانت

1. She never ……………………………………………………… in the morning. (smoke )

2. She ………………………………… never ……………………………………………………… in the morning. (smoke )

VI. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

* THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ have, has + been + V-ing ]

* KEY WORDS: (for, since) + أحد مؤشرات المضارع المستمر, (for, since) + الفعل دليل من الجملة على عدم انتهاء زمن حدوث ,

all + ( زمن ) , every + ( زمن ) + this + ( زمن )

1. It ………………………………………………………..………… for three hours without stopping. ( rain )

2. Randa …………………………………………………………..…………………… letters all day. ( write )

3. They ………………………………………………………………………………… tennis since two o'clock till now. ( play )

4. She ………………………………………………………………………………… math every day this week. (study)

( باقيا )يتم استخدام مضارع تام مستمر وذلك اذا كان أثر الفعل واضحا

1. Your eyes are red and watery. …………………………. you …………………………………….……………….? ( cry )

2. Saeed is out of breath. He ……………………………………………….………………. for the bus. (run)

:الكلمات التالية تدل على أثر الفعل

red eyes, watery eyes, tired, exhausted, out of breath, bleeding, late, dirty, wet, covered with.

.يفضل استخدام مضارع تام مستمر, أو لا يوجد فيها مؤشرات (since, for)أي جملة يوجد فيها

1. She ……………………………………….………………. in this company since she graduated from the university.

(work)

2. She ………………………………………….………………. in this company since she graduated from the university.

(work)

3. She …………………………………….………………. in this company since she graduated from the university.

(be, work)

He started working at 5 a.m. It’s 11 a.m., and he’s still working.

He…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………… for 6 hours.

VII. THE FUTURE SIMPLE * THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ will, shall + base ]

* KEY WORDS:

1. We can use it with:

tomorrow, (next + زمن ), in the future, (the coming + زمن ) , ( the following + زمن ),

soon , later , (in + سنة في المستقبل), perhaps, probably, may be, I think, I hope.

1. She ……………………………………………………… the university in 2019. (join)

2. I ……………………………………………………… you later. (call)

3. Perhaps, she ……………………………………………………… tonight. (arrive)

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2. We use it to express spontaneous decisions: قرارات عفوية

1. I am tired so I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… to bed. (go)

2. The phone is ringing so I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… it. (answer)

3. Predicting without evidence: تنبؤات بدون دليل

1. I think it …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (rain)

2. I hope he …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… his exams. (pass)

VIII. THE PAST PERFECT

* THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ had + p.p ]

V.2 after had + V.3

V.2 because had + V.3

had +V.3 before V.2

had +V.3 when V.2

1. Sami went to bed after he ……………………………………………………………..…………….his homework. (do)

2. He ……………………………………………………………..…………….a teacher before he became a businessman. (be)

3. After I ……………………………………………………….……………………… my supper, I went to bed. (have)

by + البسيط الماضيأحد مؤشرات had + p.p

by the time +sub + V.2 had +p.p

1. They ……………………………………………………………….everything by the time I arrived office. (arrange)

2. She ………………………………………………….………………………. the university by 1999. (join)

IX. FUTURE WITH GOING TO

1. Future plans. can use it with:

1. I ……………………………………………………… cake for my friend tomorrow because it is his birthday.

(buy)

2. She …………………………………………………… her uncle in Paris next month. (visit)

2. Predictions that are based on evidence.

1. Look at the black sky. It ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… soon. (snow)

: اذا دخلت الأسماء التالية على الاسم الجمع فيعامل معاملة المفرد , و هذه الأسماء هي. 1

every one of, no one of, one of, each one of تعامل معاملة المفرد حتى لو جاء بعدها اسم جمع ( V-ing )اذا بدأت الجملة بمصدر . 2

Reading English stories …………………………………………………… strengthened my language. (has, have, are)

3 .The number of تدخل على الاسم الجمع فيعامل معاملة المفرد

A number of تدخل على الاسم الجمع فيبقى جمع

31

Auxiliaries:

* Modals + …………………………………………………… * Do + ……………………………………………………

* Have + …………………………………………………… * Be + ……………………………………………………

1. She could be …………………………………………………… for us opposite the post office. (wait)

2. What have you …………………………………………………… doing since I left you? (be)

have +V.3 since V.2

have + been + V-ing since V.2

1. She has been working here since she …………………………………………… from the university. (graduate)

2. I have done all the housework since I …………………………………………… home. (arrive)

A. Complete the following by putting the verb between brackets into its correct form.

1. While we …………………………………………………………………… the computers, the light went out. (operate)

2. After Noor …………………….…………………………… from the university, he worked in a bank. (graduate)

3. I ……………………………………………….already ……………………………………………….this book twice. (read)

4. I ………………………………………………………………… a detective film when you phoned. (watch)

5. Look! It ……………………………………………………………………… heavily outside. (rain)

6. The sky is full with clouds. It …………………………………………………………………………… (rain)

7. I think she ……………………………………………….…………… home tomorrow. (arrive)

8. The cinema ……………………………………………………………………… at 8:30pm tomorrow. (close)

9. By 2008, I …………………………………………………………………………………… my Ph.D. (obtain)

10. The company ……………………………………………………………………….a new policy in 2017. (follow)

11. After she ……………………………………………………………………….breakfast, she went to her work. (have)

12. Salma ………………………………………..………to the United States to continue her higher studies. (leave)

13. They ……………………………………………………………………… running their own company in 1980. (start)

14. Oh no! I ……………………………………………………………………… my purse at home. (leave)

15. By the time the firemen arrived, the fire ……………………………… already………………………………………(go out)

16. Anita ……………………………………………………………………… very hard at the moment. (study)

17. We ……………………………………………………………………… in this town for fifteen years. (live)

18. Jack …………………………………………………………… a flat yet, so he's still living with his parents. (not /find)

B. In the article, find one sentence with each of the following grammatical structures.

1. The Present Simple: Today, most people use their mobile phones every day.

2. The Present Continuous: When you are using a computer ...

3. The Present Perfect: Scientist have also developed glasses ...

4. The Present Perfect Continuous: People have been using types of computers....

5. The Past Simple: Scientists in England developed the first computer programme.

6. The Past Perfect: In the 1940s, technology had developed enough ...

7. The Present Simple Passive: how our homes are heated.....

8. The Past Simple Passive: A metal machine was found ...

9. The Future with will: What will happen in the future?

10. The Future with going to: Life in the future is going to see further changes.....

31

شادي الرمحي UNIT ONE شادي الرمحي

Using Technology in Class

قدم تُ التعلم شباب

Young people love learning, but they like learning even more if they are presented with

نقاش طريقة تحدي ممتعة معلومات

information in an interesting and challenging way. Today, I am going to give a talk about

صفوف يستخدم كيف

how you can use technology in Jordanian classrooms.

1. Mention two characteristics for learning which young people like?

2. What is the aim of the article according to the writer?

3. The underlined pronoun "they" refers to: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Here are some ideas:

جة لذلك نتي شاشة لوح أبيض

Many classrooms now use a whiteboard as a computer screen. As a consequence, teachers

اللوح مواقع يعرض

can show websites on the board in front of the class. Teachers can then use the Internet to

ليمية برامج تع يعرض لغات تسجيلات

show educational programmes, play educational games, music, recordings of languages,

وهكذا

and so on.

1. What do many classrooms now use?

2. What can teachers show?

3. What can teachers use the Internet for?

ولهذا متوفر لوح دول

In some countries, tablet computers are available for students to use in class. Therefore,

بحث صور مهام

students can use the tablets to do tasks such as showing photographs, researching

ابلاتمق تسجيل معلومات زوج مثالي رسومات بيانية إنشاء

information, recording interviews and creating diagrams. Tablets are ideal for pair and

عمل جماعي

group work.

1. What is available for students in some countries?

2. What can students use the tablets for?

3. What types of work are tablets ideal for?

32

إما ربما

Teachers can perhaps ask their students to start writing a blog (an online diary), either

موقع ينشأ مشهور حياتهم الخاصة

about their own lives or as if they were someone famous. They can also create a website

ينشر يساهم

for the classroom. Students can contribute to the website, so for example they can post

رسائل صور عمل

work, photos and messages.

1. Write down two types of blogs students are asked to write?

2. What can also teachers create?

3. What can students post?

4. What does each of the following pronouns refer to:

a. their: ………………………………………………….................................…………………… b. their: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

c. They: ……………………………………………..………………………………………………d. they: ……………………………………………..………………………………………………

يرسل التواصل الاجتماعي خلال يتواصل الشباب

Most young people communicate through social media, by which they send each other

أقل يرغب بواسطة رسائل صور

photos and messages via the Internet. Some students like to send messages that are under

معلومات يلخص يطلب حروف

140 letters for anyone to read. Teachers can ask students to summarise information about

الطريقة نفس يتعلم

what they have learnt in class in the same way. If students learn to summarise quickly,

مهارة يستخدم

they will be able to use this skill in future.

1. How do most young people communicate?

2. What can teachers ask students to do?

3. What does each of the following pronouns refer to:

a. they: ………………………......................…………………………………………………… b. they: …………………………………………………………………………………………

مفيد تبادل يرسل

We all like to send emails, don't we? Email exchanges are very useful in the classroom.

عمر مشابه

Teachers can ask students to email what they have learnt to students of a similar age to

اخر

another school. They could even email students in another country.

1. What are the benefits of email exchanges?

2. What does each of the following pronouns refer to:

a. they: …………………………………………………………………………… b. They: …………………………………………………………………………………………

33

التحدث الاتصال طريقة أخرى

Another way of communicating with other schools is through talking to people over the

computer. Most computers have cameras, so you can also see the people you are talking

to. In this way, students who are studying English in Jordan can see what students in

أيضا انجلترا

England are doing in classroom while they are speaking to them. You can also use this

علماء نقاشات ضيوف يدعو نظام

system to invite guest speakers to give talks over a computer. For example, scientists or

مدرسين

teachers from another country could give a lesson to the class. If you had this type of

مستمتع

lesson, the students would be very excited.

1. What is another way of communicating with other schools?

2. What is the benefit of computer cameras?

3. What makes students excited?

4. What does each of the following pronouns refer to:

a. who: ………………………………….....................................................………………………………………… b. they: ………………………………............................……………………………………

c. them: ……………………………….........................……………………………………………………………

تلك يم

Students often use computers at home if they have them. Students can use social media on

يفحص تتضمن دراسات

their computers to help them with their studies, including asking other students to check

جزء يجب أفكار مشاركة يقارن

and compare their work, asking questions and sharing ideas. The teacher must be part of

يسيطر المجموعة

the group, too, to monitor what is happening.

1. How is social media beneficial to students?

2. What is the role of the teacher?

3. What does each of the following pronouns refer to:

a. they: …………………………………………………………………………… b. them: …………………………………………………………………………………………

QUESTION NUMBER ONE 1. In what ways can digital information be used to educate people?

Digital information can be used to educate people in a variety of ways. For

example, you can listen to lectures online, or use apps on a tablet to learn

languages. You can also use the Internet to find information on what you are

studying.

2. Do you think that computers will replace books one day? Why / Why not?

Although computers are incredibly useful, I don't think that they will ever

completely replace books because reading is a very personal experience that

doesn't feel the same when it is done on a computer.

34

QUESTION NUMBER TWO a. Which of the following would you use to ....

blog, email exchange, social media, tablet computer, whiteboard

1. record interviews with people? Tablet computer

2. share information with students in another country? Email exchange

3. watch educational programmes in class? Whiteboard

4. ask another student to check your homework? Social media

5. write an online diary? Blog

b. Explain the difference in meaning between these phrases from the article.

1. to share / compare ideas

share ideas: to give your ideas to another person or to a group.

compare ideas: where two or more people consider how their ideas are similar or

different

2. to create / contribute to a website

create a website: to construct a website that currently does not exist

contribute to a website: offer your writing and work to the website

3. to research / present information

research information: to use a variety of sources to find the information you need

present information: to give the results of your research in a presentation

4. to monitor / find out what is happening

monitor what is happening: you know what is happening and you are following

the developments

find out what is happening: you don’t know what is happening and you want to

discover it.

5. to give a talk to / talk to people

give a talk to people: you have prepared a speech and you are giving this speech

to a group of people who are expecting it.

talk to people: an informal discussion

6. to show / send photos

show photos: you show people photos that you have in person

send photos: you send photos to someone over the Internet or by post

35

شادي الرمحي UNIT ONE شادي الرمحي

PASSIVE VOICE

Sub + Verb + Obj

Obj + …………………………………………………………………………………….………… Verb to be: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 1. …………………………………………………………: is, are, am ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

2. …………………………………………………..………: was, were (me: ), (him: ), (her: ), (them: )

3. …………………………………………….……………: being (us: ), (you: ), (it: )

4. …………………………………………………………: been

5. ………………………………………….………………: be

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Modal Verbs:

(will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, used to,

have to, has to, had to, am to, are to, is to, was to, were to, be going to)

36

Examples:

1. Salma always answers the most difficult questions.

The most difficult questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….

2. I took your notebook last night.

Your notebook ………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..……………………………………………….…………………………………………….

3. The teacher did not give us a difficult exam last week.

We ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….

4. The black dog is chasing our cat.

Our cat …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………….

5. Somebody has found my missing laptop.

My ………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………..……………………………….

6. She does not drink anything in the morning.

Nothing …………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….…….

7. The doctor had saved the life of the injured people.

The life ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………….…………………………….

8. Samya might purchase a new car next week.

A new car ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..…………………………………….

9. The engineers will have built the largest tower by next year.

The largest ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………..…………….

10. She is going to take my blue bag.

My ……………………………………………………………………………..………………………..…………………………………………………….…………………………………………..…………………………….

11. No one has told me the latest news.

I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………….….

Examples:

Correct the verbs in brackets.

1. Cake.......................…………………………….…...............................................……………every Thursday by my mother. (make)

2. This book .......................…………………………….…...............................................……………in 1970 by Taha Hussein. (write)

37

A. Rewrite the following sentences into the passive form.

1. Someone was cooking the dinner when I got home.

The dinner ……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The government is building many hospitals all over the country.

Many hospitals ………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. We have to ask her to join us.

She …………………….………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Some engineers are going to update the whole project for improvement purposes.

The whole project …………………….…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. The children of the school for the blind make beautiful blankets and mats.

Beautiful blankets and mats ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………….

6. No one can put the blame on you.

The blame …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7. No one has ever beaten me at chess.

I ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8. The newly appointed teacher will meet the demands of the job

The demands ……………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9. Mothers have to keep medicine out of the reach of children.

Medicine ………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

10. My friend has rejected all of my suggestions.

All ………………………………………..…………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

B. Circle the correct words.

1. We're going to Aqaba again (in / on) the summer. I (have / had) been looking

forward to it since last year.

2. We had the computer (repaired / repairing) because it had stopped (to work /

working).

3. Mahmoud was walking home when the rain (was starting / started). It was

very heavy, so he (must / can't) have got very wet.

4. In the past, most letters (wrote / were written) by hand, but these days they

are usually (typed / typing).

38

شادي الرمحي UNIT ONE شادي الرمحي

The Internet of Things

What is the 'Internet of Things'?

يصل يعرف كل شخص

Everyone knows that the Internet connects people, but now it does more than that – it

يتواصل أشياء

connects objects, too. These days, computers often communicate with each other; for

تلقائيا يحمل مفضل برنامج

example, your TV automatically downloads your favourite TV show, or your ‘sat nav’

معروف نظام

system tells you where you are. This is known as the ‘Internet of Things’, and there’s a

ادمق أكثر

lot more to come.

1. Mention two things that computers connect.

2. Computers often communicate with each other. Mention two examples.

3. The underlined pronoun "it" refers to: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

An easy life!

قليلة سنوات متصل الالات مليارات خبراء

In just a few years’ time, experts say that billions of machines will be connected to

تدير بشكل متزايد لذلك نتيجة

each other and to the Internet. As a consequence, computers will increasingly run

تعرف ثلاجة

our lives for us. For example, your fridge will know when you need more milk and

محتمل تغلق نوافذ قائمة تسوق على الانترنت

add it to your online shopping list; your windows will close if it is likely to rain;

دقات القلب معدل تسجل ساعة يد كنباية ترسل

your watch will record your heart rate and email your doctor; and your sofa will tell

بـ تقوم تقف تمارين

you when you need to stand up and get some exercise!

1. What do experts believe in just a few years?

2. According to scientists, computers will control our life. Mention four examples.

3. The underlined pronoun "it" refers to: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

39

A frightening future

حلم منفعل

Many people are excited about the ‘Internet of Things’. For them, a dream is

أكثر مريحة أسهل حياتنا تحقق قد

coming true. They say that our lives will be easier and more comfortable.

حياتهم يسيطر على متأكد غير

However, others are not so sure. They want to keep control of their own lives and

لذلك بالاضافة أشيائهم استطاعوا المجرمون سيحدث ماذا يتسائل

their own things. In addition, they wonder what would happen if criminals managed

الى يتحول بسهولة الحلم الحماية اعدادات السر كلمة يعبر

to access their passwords and security settings. The dream could easily become a

كابوس

nightmare!

1. Why are many people excited about the 'Internet of Things'?

2. Mention two features of life when using the 'Internet of Things'.

3. What is the disadvantage of the 'Internet of Things.'

4. The underlined pronoun "them" refers to: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

QUESTION NUMBER ONE 1. Think of two examples of how technology can keep us fit.

Smartphone apps can be used to monitor how much exercise you do. Apps can

track your workout time, heart rate and how many calories you burn.

Interactive video games can also be used to help us to keep fit. They are used

indoors and provide a healthy, active alternative to watching television.

2. What does the ‘Internet of Things’ mean? Give an example from the text.

It means the connection between different computers. Examples from the text are

TV downloads and sat nav.

3. Find a word in the first paragraph which has the same meaning as ‘speak to’.

Communicate

4. How will the ‘Internet of Things’ help you to keep fit, according to the text?

The sofa will tell you when to get some exercise.

5. What does the word ‘others’ in bold in the third paragraph refer to?

Other people with a different opinion.

6. According to the text, why are some people excited about the future? Why are

others worried?

Some people are excited because they think their lives will be made easier and

more comfortable. Others are worried because they want to keep control of their

own lives and their own things.

41

7. In your opinion, is the 'Internet of Things' exciting or worrying? Why?

I think that the 'Internet of Things' is exciting because most people think their

lives will be made easier and more comfortable.

I think that the 'Internet of Things' is worrying because most people want to

keep control of their own lives and their own things.

***********************************************************************

A. Complete the verb phrases and phrasal verbs with the correct words.

(on, about, in, with, out)

1. To know ……………………………………………………………………………………………dangers of the internet.

2. To connect …………………………………………………………………………………………… people on the internet.

3. To run …………………………………………………………………………………………… privacy setting.

4. To give ……………………………………………………………………………………………personal information.

5. Fill …………………………………………………………………………………………… a form.

B. Choose the correct form of the verbs below.

1. Children often (use / are using) computers better than their parents.

2. If you (will play / play) computer games all day, you won’t have time to study.

3. I want (to get / getting) a tablet, but I can’t afford (to buy / buying) one at the

moment.

4. Look at the black sky! It’s (raining / going to rain) soon!

5. I (am coming / come ) from Ajloun, but I (am staying / stay) in Irbid for a few

months. I will return to Ajloun in the spring.

6. Nadia has (been doing / done) her homework for two hours! She (is / will be)

finished very soon.

7. If Ali (had / has) his own computer, he (wouldn’t / doesn’t) need to use his friend’s

computer.

8. I (was writing / wrote) an email when my laptop (was switching / switched) itself

off.

41

شادي الرمحي UNIT ONE شادي الرمحي

Explaining possibilities

1. must : sure, certain, certainly, definitely.

2. can’t: sure + جملة منفية, certain + جملة منفية, definitely + جملة منفية, impossible.

3. might: possible, possibly, probable, probably, likely, not sure, not certain, perhaps, may be

Future or present = must, can’t, might + base

1. I’m sure that these people are Bedouin.

These people……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..…….……………………………………

2. It’s possible that Ammar will win the race.

Ammar……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..…….……………………………..………………………….

3. I’m sure that Heba doesn’t do such a mistake.

Heba……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..…….……………………………………………………………….

4. Perhaps Issa’s phone is broken. (might) جملة الكتاب

Issa’s ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

*********************************************************************

Explaining prohibition

1. not necessary, not important : don't have to, doesn't have to

2. not allowed: mustn't

1. It isn’t necessary to switch off the screen. (have) جملة الكتاب

You......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. You are not allowed to touch this machine. (must) جملة الكتاب

You....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

*********************************************************************

Having things done (causative have)

Sub + have + object + V.3

1. I am going to ask someone to shorten my trousers.

I am going to have …………………………………………...........................………………………….……………………………………………………………………………….

2. Sami is asking the mechanic to repair his car.

Sami is ………………………………………………….…………………………………...................……….............……………………………………………………………………………….

3. I asked someone to fix my computer. (had) جملة الكتاب

I.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

42

Consequence of time

1. Mohammad checked his emails, and then he started work.

Mohammad had ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Mohammad started ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Salma did her homework, and then she went to bed.

Before ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

After ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

*********************************************************************

If-clause

1. I think you should send a text message. (would)

If...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Press that button to make the picture move. (moves)

If you..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

43

شادي الرمحي COMPOSITION شادي الرمحي

HOW TO WRITE A LETTER

FORMAL LETTER:

Reason for writing

Content of the letter

Closing remarks

P.O.Box ……………..…..

Amman-Jordan

Date: ……………..…..

Dear (Sir) / (Madam) / (Sir or Madam)

I am writing to you regarding / concerning……………………………..………………………….…..…..

……………………………………….…..…..main paragraph……………………………………………………..………………………….…..….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….

……………………………………….…..…..final paragraph……………………………………………………..………………………….…..….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….

Looking forward to hearing from you

Yours faithfully

Name: ……………..…..

INFORMAL LETTER:

Reason for writing

Content of the letter

Closing remarks

P.O.Box ……………..…..

Amman-Jordan

Date: ……………..…..

Dear (friend) / (pen friend) / (dad) / (sister) …etc.

Thank you very much for your letter. It was great to hear from you

today. How are you? I hope you're doing well…..etc.

……………………………………….…..…..main paragraph……………………………………………………..………………………….…..….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….

……………………………………….…..…..final paragraph……………………………………………………..………………………….…..….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….

Please write and tell me your news sometime

Yours faithfully

Name: ……………..…..

44

UNFORGETTABLE EVENT

You participated in an activity to collect money for helping the poor people in your

local community. Write a letter to your pen-friend telling him/her about this

experience. When did you start collecting the money? Where did you collect the

money from?

(Your name is Majd Ali. Your address is P.O.Box 1646, Amman, Jordan)

P.O.Box 1646

Amman, Jordan

9th

.January.2017

Dear pen-friend,

Thank you very much for your letter, it was great to hear from you about your

holidays. How are you? I hope you are doing well.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………

Please write and tell me your news sometime.

Yours faithfully,

Majd Ali

45

The advantages and disadvantages of online shopping

Most people believe that online shopping is a great advantage while other people

think it has its disadvantages.

The most advantage of online shopping is that consumers find it the easiest way to

buy what they need. In addition, it is true that the prices are cheaper when you shop

online. Finally, it can save time.

On the other hand, other people do not agree with online shopping, however, for a

number of reasons. Firstly, it is always a risk because you cannot try on or see the

item you wish to buy. Moreover, the item is faulty or does not fit. Lastly, customers

have to wait for the delivery.

It is clear, therefore, that there are arguments in favour of online shopping and

arguments against. On balance, most people believe that it is a great advantage but

some people think it has its disadvantages.

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Write a report about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.

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46

شادي الرمحي GUIDED WRITING شادي الرمحي

Read the information in the table about reasons that make people leave their home

countries and then write two sentences about these ways. Use the appropriate

linking words such as: and, too, also …..etc.

Reasons that make people leave their home courtiers

-seek a better life.

-complete their education.

-find better jobs.

-learn about different cultures.

Reasons that make people leave their home countries

- There are many reasons that make people leave their home countries such as

seeking better life and completing their education.

- Other reasons that make people leave their home countries are finding better

jobs as well as learning about different cultures.

Read the information in the table about how to improve your English language,

and then write two sentences about these ways. Use the appropriate linking words

such as: and, too, also …..etc.

Why ……………….? There are many reasons why ………….such as

How ……………….? There are many ways how …………….such as

How to improve your English language?

-take English courses.

-read English stories.

-listen to English people.

- speak to English people.

How to improve your English language?

- There are many ways to improve your English language such as taking English

courses and reading English stories.

- Other ways to improve your English language are listening to English people as

well as speaking to English people.

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شادي الرمحي LANGUAGE FUNCTION شادي الرمحي

1. Future plans: خطط مستقبلية

Next Monday, we are celebrating my brother's graduation.

She is going to visit her uncle in Paris next month.

2. Predictions that are based on evidence: تنبؤات مبنية على دليل

Look at the black sky. It is going to snow soon.

3. Spontaneous decisions: قرارات عفوية

I am tired so I will go to bed.

4. Predicting without evidence: تنبؤات بدون دليل

I think it will rain soon.

5. Contrast: مقارنة

I like swimming ,whereas my brother likes running.

whereas, however, but, on one hand, on the other hand.

6. Indicating opposition: العكس/ الدلالة على التناقض

However, social media is time-consuming.

however, whereas, despite.

7. Indicating consequence: الدلالة على نتيجة منطقية

Therefore, people can communicate more quickly and conveniently.

in this way, as a consequence, therefore, as a result.