utility data management - missouri department of...

SUE PLUS™

Jim Anspach

Chairman: ASCE Board Committee, Codes & StandardsChairman: ASCE 38Chairman: Construction Standards Council, ASCE CIPrincipal Investigator,/Investigator: SHRP2 R-01, R-15, R-01A, R-01B, R-01C, NCHRP 205, ACRP 509Consultant: UIT/Caterpillar

Subsurface Utility Engineering

THEN (1985)

Designating

(Pipe and cable locators)

Graphics Courtesy of TBEPictures Courtesy of So-Deep

Locating

(Test Holes)


A Professional Service

QL D – Records Research

QL C – Surveyed Features

QL B – Designating

QL A – Locating

Today

Collection & Depiction






QL A – Locating

Today

•Gravity Systems– Rims & Inverts, CCTV, Sondes, Designating &

Locating

•Overhead– Poles, Lines, Pole Counts, Inventories

•Manhole Detailing

•Profiles Development







QL A – Locating

•Utility Coordination– Conflict Analysis

– Conflict Resolution

•Utility Relocation Design

•Corridor Planning

•Authoring Utility Policies

Today


Locating










QL A – Locating

•Utility Coordination– Conflict Analysis

– Conflict Resolution

•Utility Relocation Design

•Corridor Planning

•Authoring Utility Policies

Today


Locating




•Modern mapping tools – GPR, “3D” Imaging, other new tools

•Construction Observation & Certified Record Drawings

•GIS Database Population

•Damage prevention


A significant component of SUE is the primary use of geophysics to locate utilities

•Relatively accurate when it works

•Non-Destructive

•Relatively comprehensive project coverage

•Correlates to records / visual features / exposures

• Leads to QLB data

Issues with Geophysics• Need a big toolbox• Need highly trained data

interpreters• Need sufficient project lead-time• Doesn’t always work

This was the

recent focus of a

National

Academies Study,

SHRP2 R-01

Analogy – Medical Imaging• Most studied object in

history

• Consists of widely different materials

• Research into imaging in the billions of dollars for CAT, Ultrasound, MRI, etc.

• Highly controlled imaging environment

• Great records

• No one method works for everything

• Exploratory surgery still common

• Highly trained interpreters of data

http://www.med-ars.it/galleries/gastro10.htm

http://www.med-ars.it/galleries/various_3.htm

Analogous imaging for medicine

Different Geophysical Tools Used For Historical QL B

Issues• Rely on field operator to say where they’ve been•Difficult to sweep in every direction; rely upon standard utility configurations for orientations•Depths unreliable / no elevations possible•Field time intensive ; instrument operator training critical for good results•Separate survey function to reference paint marks

Similar Focus On Geophysics For Geotechnical/Environmental Investigations

• Ground water studies• Pavement studies• Mineral deposits / Coal seams• Contamination plumes

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cflhd.gov/resources/agm/images/fig209.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cflhd.gov/resources/agm/engApplications/SubsurfaceChartacter/634DetectUnexplodedOrdnance.cfm&h=300&w=400&sz=23&tbnid=BhOoxg0SIJaCUM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/search?q=picture+of+magnetometer&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=picture+of+magnetometer&usg=___4K3ZtimedDCb20xDl7A4Zpql70=&sa=X&ei=qr-1TbH8OcLniALh2vyvBg&ved=0CB8Q9QEwAQ

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cflhd.gov/resources/agm/images/fig209.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cflhd.gov/resources/agm/engApplications/SubsurfaceChartacter/634DetectUnexplodedOrdnance.cfm&h=300&w=400&sz=23&tbnid=BhOoxg0SIJaCUM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/search?q=picture+of+magnetometer&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=picture+of+magnetometer&usg=___4K3ZtimedDCb20xDl7A4Zpql70=&sa=X&ei=qr-1TbH8OcLniALh2vyvBg&ved=0CB8Q9QEwAQ

Technology can’t overcome poor procedures

Love Canal faux pas:

Test holes before Geophysics

• First six

exploratory

boreholes at Love

Canal

• Geophysical map of

the dump site

• ALL SIX HOLES

MISSED THE

TARGET!

What if we combined these technologies to

find utilities and geotechnical data, at the

same time?

SUE PLUS™

= taking SUE to a Higher Level

We define SUE PLUS™ as:

The augmentation of the practice of Subsurface Utility Engineering with geotechnical data derived from geotechnical interpretations. Such technical data may include, but not be limited to, interpretation of linear features, unknown utilities, structures, and characteristics of paving, substrate, voids, soil, rock, water, and contaminants.

Data is typically obtained through the use of advanced surface geophysical techniques and may be integrated with records, geomorphology, lab and field testing.

The SUE PLUS Mission is:

• To marry the best of geophysics to the best of SUE• To be very quick in and out of the field to reduce traffic impacts• To develop data on obstructions / targets / features other than

utilities during the same survey time• To tie all geophysical measurements to above ground stationing to

very high levels of confidence to show elevation of noted linear features as well as depth of cover - Topographic

• To deliver the results of the survey in both a 2D CAD, or other visual representation, as well as a digital dataset in 3D suitable for uploading into a GIS or for dataset manipulation

• To reduce the number of Quality Level “A” data points by providing accurate 3-D images of utilities and other linear features with accuracies of better than 0.5 feet Z, and 0.1 feet X,Y

Why we want to reduce # of test holes

• How many times do we really need 0.05 feet vertical accuracy?

• Costs are high

• Traffic tie-ups

• Paving repairs

• Point-source data only / can’t rely on cross-sections anywhere but at test holes

This Is Done Using Multiple Geophysical Means / Methods

GP

R

Software for: Positioning Data Gathering Data Processing Interpretation CAD/GIS

Ground Penetrating Radar

GP

R


GPR Detection

• Electromagnetic waves bounce off utilities similar to fish finder

• Images of utilities show hyperbolic signatures

• Utilities look like a series of fish finder signatures all positioned in a straight line

Taking the concept to mapping utilities

Phase II: Dual-Antenna, Multiple Clock

Position Survey in Larger Diameter Pipes

Typical Single Channel GPR Units

Depth Range(approximat

e)

Antenna Choice

Appropriate Application

0-1.5 ft0-0.5 m

1600 MHzStructural Concrete, Roadways, Bridge Decks

0-3 ft0-1 m

900 MHzConcrete, Shallow Soils, Archaeology

0-12 ft0-4 m

400 MHzShallow Geology, Utilities, UST's, Archaeology

0-25 ft0-9 m

200 MHzGeology, Environmental, Utilities, Archaeology

0-90 ft0-30 m

100 MHz Geologic Profiling

Greater than90 ft or 30 m

LF(80, 40, 32,20, 16 MHz)

Geologic Profiling

Value of Multi-Channel Data Collection / Interpretation:

Multi-channel Systems• Data collection speed is at least as fast as

with single channel units (“lawn mower” style)

• Collects 4 to 14 times as much data with the same effort

• 3-D imaging is superior to single channel work due to data density

• Tied to subscription grade GPS for precise X,Y, & Z

• Post Processing of datasets allows for high level QA/QC and Confidence Levels

Pavement and Base Mapping

• GPR on relatively thin pavement over base material

• Quick and easy measurements

Top of Pavement Subbase Thickness

Pavement Thickness

Scale1 ft

100 ft

2D and 3D GPR Representation of Utilities

This is an example of data and interpreted targets from a 3D GPR image on the M-29 Project. Blue is

water, magenta is electric and green is sewer.

This is a 2D cross section that depicts features of interest

highlighted by yellow arrows .

PIPE

2 PIPES

PIPE

GROUND SURFACE WATER TABLE SOIL LAYERS

20x

One-Call Position of Fuel Line GPR Mapped Position of Fuel

Line

Identification of an Incorrectly Located Fuel Line

Note: Data below is displayed in DEPTH SLICE.

0 75 150 FT

GPR – Advantages & Limitations

• Advantages

• Precise location on position of underground objects are achievable.• Imaging of non-metallic as well as metallic objects• 3D data enables mapping in complex utility corridors or sites marginal for

singe channel GPR. • Completeness and speed of covering survey area.• Soils and media that are more electrically resistive or less conductive means

better GPR penetration, i.e. GPR can penetrate through a lot of PCC or AC• Crew safety and marginal traffic disruption with multi-channel units.

• Limitations

• Soils with high clay content, i.e., 50% of US soils.• Any soils that are electrically conductive.• Soils with saline or brackish groundwater are problematic.

Electromagnetics

GP

R


MetaVision II™ TDEMI System

TDEM results showing metal pipelines

in a petroleum tank farm.

Used to augment TerraVision II™ results or stand alone in clay soils (where GPR doesn’t function well)

Useful in areas where soils are not optimal for GPR (high clay/moisture content)

Produces depth information via a proprietary inversion algorithm implemented within SPADE™

Essentially a metal detector on “steroids.”

Water TransmissionLineExample

• While in the field 5 locations were verified by CDM/PPIC with excavation, in which there was 100% success

• After the job was completed the water company in Wichita Falls had three other sites of their choosing excavated, again with 100% success

Final Results – Plan View

Data Collection – TerraVision II™ and MetaVision II™ in Train

TDEMI SensorMulti-Channel GPR Sensor

GPS & Prism Positioning Sensors

Example of Simultaneous System Data Collection and Speed of Operation

Cemetery Example GPR & EM Data

• The black rectangles represent grave stones surveyed from aerial photography.

• Green and white areas are TDEMI anomalies interpreted to be gravesites.

Seismic

GP

R


P-Wave Seismic Systems for Mapping Utilities P-Wave Seismic Cross-Section

Using Synthetic Aperture Processing

PipeSoil layers

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

Dep

th (

m)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distance (m)

New System will be S-Wave Seismic

With Reflection Imaging Processing

To Make the Data the Same Format as GPR

Bachrach and Reshef, 2010

P-Wave Seismic

Cross-Section

Using CMP

UIT, 2005

4 FT 10 FT 1 FT 4 FT

VIBSENS

VIBRATOR AND SENSOR

RAISE / LOWER

ROLLER LINK CHAINS

AND MOTOR DRIVE

MOVABLE

SUPPORT

FRAME

FRAME POSITION

STEPPER MOTOR

STABILIZING

JACKS

ROLLER LINK CHAINS

SYSTEM CONTROL AND

DATA ACQUISITION

AND ANALYSIS

VEHICLE

VIB

SE

NS GROUND SCAN MOTION

POWER

GENERATOR

VIBRATOR

AMPLIFIER

VIB

(storage)

SENS

(storage)

POWER

GENERATOR

VIB

RA

TO

R

AM

PLIF

IER

GROUND SCAN

CHANNEL TRACKS

RA

ISE

/ L

OW

ER

ME

CH

AN

ISM

FR

AM

E

PO

SIT

ION

DR

IVE

OVERHEAD VIEW

Proof of Concept Seismic “S” Wave ToolSHRP2 $2 Million Dollar Grant

Positioning

GP

R


Mapping requires tight tolerance X, Y, and Z coordinates. This requires subscription grade GPS for exact positioning detail

Accurate positioning is paramount to Mapping!

GPS Options•Meter to sub-decimeter accuracy (X & Y)•RTK (local base station)•Dual Frequency (global base stations)

Surveying Options•Millimeter accuracy (X, Y & Z)•Most any system with streaming output•Map surface topography as an additional

product

Interface Capabilities•Arbitrary survey path, i.e. don’t have to survey

straight lines•Report “elevation” instead of “depth from

current surface” of targets

Navcom 2040GSub-decimeter

Trimble S-6Laser Tracking TheodoliteMillimeter

Navigation Tracking & Data Gathering

Field Screen

• Positioning• GPS

• Robotic Total Station

• Laser Scanner

• Navigation Map:• Ortho-photo

• CAD As-Built/Design

• Cart Tracks

• Battery Monitor

• Geophysical Instruments

• EMI

• GPR

Real Time Field Data Acquisition

Positioning

GP

R


With Powerful Software & Experienced Data Analysts, Totally Different Data Sets Can Be Integrated

Overview of Integrated SUE PLUS™ Imaging System

14-channel GPR• Produces 3D subsurface images

3-channel EMI • Aids in most soils• No connection to utility

Choice of positioning• Depends on needs of the job

In-field system integration• GPS with GPR and EMI

3-D processing, visualization and interpretation

• This piece is critical and difficult

Final digital output • CAD in client’s format• Dataset for Machine Control and

Guidance

Positioning

GP

R


The CAD Deliverable

• Presented in 2D paper reports

• Presented in 3D datasets such as a DXF, DWG AutoCAD, DGN MicroStation, or ARC Shape File, and various ASCII file formats

• Digital datasets suitable for Machine Control and Guidance

The Deliverable

A New Approach: Integrated Machine Control

• Due to the vast amounts of data generated with a SUE PLUS™ survey, the data sets must be post-processed byexperienced analysts using very sophisticated software.

• The deliverable provided the client is available in multiple digital formats for future use.

• SUE is proven to pay for itself; adding SUE PLUS™ provides valuable paving and geotechnical data plus better utility mapping.

• SUE PLUS™ can cut the number of test holes by a lot; it also allows a cross section to be cut anywhere.

• It’s time for utilities to catch up with technology.

RECAP

utility data management - missouri department of...

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