utah and its mineral wealth

8/14/2019 Utah and Its Mineral Wealth

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A N D T S

W E A L T H



A N D I T S

NERALW E A LT H

Published by the

MINING COMMITTEECHAMBER OF COMMERCES A LT LAKE CITY, U TA H

- 1 9 3 0 -



FOREWORDBy GOVERNOR GEORGE H. DERN

publicat ion undertakes t o recount b rie fly what has been ac-complished in the utilization o f Utah's minerals and t o in dicate whatHIS

may reasonably b e anticipa ted f or the future. It i s commended t o th econsideration o f those desiring facts fr om authoritative sources.

The importance of Ulah as a mineral producer, which i s convincinglyshown b y the information herein, i s evidence of the perseverance and

ski l l with which the industry has been developed and operated as wellas o f +he extent o f the resources.

W e do not ye t know definite ly how varied and extensive our min-eral resources are, bu t we know they are many and vast. W e haveprogressed sufficiently t o b e assured of the ir abundance and tha tmeans will be devised +o make +hem available as needed.

The industry i s of grea t value t o Utah in many ways, besides +hewealth it produces directly. I+ constitutes a very large home marketfor the other products of +he State, employs large numbers o f persons,furnishes the basic tonnage that made it possible to bring moderntransportation to many portions of the state and i s a very substantialcontributor t o the public revenues.

It will unquestionably b e a factor in the further advancement o f Utah.



THE ROMANCE AND LURE OF GOLDBy ANTHONY W. WINS

of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christof Latter-day Saints

W HO first introduced mining as oneof the occupations of man we do

not know. It i s a fact, however, that thecollection of gold and silver, and its useas a medium of exchange dates back tothe earliest periods of the existence ofman upon the earth.

Before Adam was placed in the G ar-den of Eden we are told that the riverPison, which flowed out from Eden, com-passed the whole land of Havila wherethere was much gold, and that the goldof tha t land was good.

The Bible tells us that there are veinsfor silver, but that gold is where theyfind it. This condition still prevails, asevery old prospector well knows.

More than four thousand years ago, ac-cord ing t o our chronology, Tubal Cain,the son of Zilla, was an instructor of all

those who worked in brass and iron.The value of gold and silver as a cir-

culating medium was recognized at avery early period in our history. It is re-corded in Genesis that Abraham wasvery rich in cattle, silver and gold. Upon

the death of his wife Sarah, he boughtfrom Aphr on the field o f Mac-pe-lah, andthe cave that was upon it t o be used asa burying place fo r his wife, "and heweighed o ut t o Ephron, the son o f Zohar,four hundred sheckels of silver, currentmoney with the merchants." Abo ut twohundred fifty-six dollars.

The use of copper was also known an-ciently. Ezra refers t o vessels of f ine cop-pe r which were precious as gold.

King Solomon bu ilt ships and launchedthem on the Red sea, which sailed awayt o the land of Ophir and after three yearsreturned bringing four hundred twentytalents of gold, and also ivory, spices,sandal wood and monkeys. The Bible tellsus that during his reign Solomon madegold and silver as plenteous as stones inJerusalem.

From the time of King Solomon to thepresent, mining has been one o f the mostimportant occupations of man. Agricul-ture alone may be considered of g reaterimportance. Food to sustain the body,clothing with which to cover it are in-



dispensable t o our existence, and bo th ofthese may be obtained through the cul-tivation o f the earth, and the tending of

flocks and herds.Mining i s the most fascinating occupa-tion in which man can engage. Once theenchantment of i t s charm possesses a manit holds him captiv e forever. Whet her i t

be the solitary prospector who sits aloneby his camp fi re in the hills or on, thedesert, or the operator who takes thebase ore and extracts from it the gold,the silver, copper and lead and sends therefined product forth t o add strength t o

the commerce of the world. he becomesentranced with his occupati'on.

The miner takes from the earth thetreasure which i s hidden i n her bosom andthus adds new blood to the circulatingmedium which i s the life of the commer-cial world. Can any occupation be morehonorable, more praiseworthy?

The romance and tragedy of the lureof gold cannot be told in a short articlesuch as this, and the mining industry inUtah has prov ided its full quota of both.The romance of the discovery of hermines, the early efforts in their develop-ment, the millions of wealth taken fromher hills, the dangers and disappointmentswhich have followed many of the bravemen who struggled for the accomplish-ment of ideals which were never realized,if to ld would read like a fai ry tale, or oneof Shakespeare's tragedies.

The lost mines which are scattered overevery state in the west, and on to thesouth through Mexico and Cent ral Amer-ica have drawn many courageous men totheir death. Where is the great depositof gold found in Montana in 1864 byCaptain James L. Fisk and Dr. WilliamDenton Dibb, from which they weredriven by Indians, the Lost Cabin mineof Wyom ing, the Rhoads mine i n theUintas, the Lost Lead discovered by Ji mHoudon on the old Spanlsh trail in southwestern Utah while on his way t o th e goldfield sof California, and which he returnedfrom Australia for ty years after t o locatebu t could never find ?

Wh ere ist he Bryfogle mine, somewherein the neighborhood of Death Valley;the Gunsight mine in the same neighbor-hood? Wh er e is the Peg Leg mine, some-where between the Salton Sea in Arizonaand the mouth of the Colorado; thePlanchas de Plata, which actually existedin the same region from which plates ofsilver weighing hundreds of pounds weretaken? Where i s the Tyaopa for whichthe writer has searched in the SierraMadres of Mexico?

Whether these lost mines ever existedor n ot the stories of them appear t o be

so well founded that scores of men havelost their lives in the search fo r them.

When +wo tired and penniless minerssat by an old prospect hole in Australiaand after discussing their hopeless con-dit ion dec ided to sink through the gravelto bed rock hoping that they might findgold enough 4 0 replenish their scantystock of supplies; when one o f them struckhis ~ i c k nto the aravel where it stuck

a

fast, and in a few moments they un-earthed the Welcome Nugget, the larg-est piece of pure gold ever found, anugget which made both rich, there wasreal romance in it.

Was it not romance when Paul ineWeaver pointed out to Jose Redondothe place where he had found placergold i n Arizona and Redondo from thefirst shovel full of gravel washed fortydollars worth o f aold, and lat er found one

a .

nugge t worth nine hundred for ty dollars?O n Rich, or Ante lope Hill nearby, a man,with only a hunting knife for a tool tookout four thousand dollars in a single day.

These are only a few of the many his-torical facts which illustrate romance ofthe lust for gold.

Ha ve all of the mines been found? Em-phatically, no. W e have only discoveredthose which exist where surface indica-tions give evidence of their presence.Hi dde n beneath the surface of the earthare vast deposits of treasure which willyet be discovered, and opened to addtheir wealth to the millions which havealready been taken from th e hillsof Utah.



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PROMINENT IN UTAH MINING HISTORY



PROMINENT IN UTAH MINING HISTORY



MINING IN UTAHHistorical'

T HE Morm on Pioneers settled in Utah dustry i s a vital element in its economicin 1847. By 1852 they had discovered life. In fact, it employs about one-third

coal, iron, and non-ferrous deposits and of the total number of employes carriedhad produced sufficient quantities of ma- by the State Industrial Commission, pro-ter ia l for local needs. However, the min- duces abou t one-third of the new wealthing industry of Utah of today had i t s annually created in the State, and sup-inception in the chance discovery, b plies four-fifths of all the railroad tonnage'I'oldier prospector, o f a galena boul or. of Utah.The discovery was made in the district In actual figures, the outp ut o f Utah'swhich i s now known as Bingham. That was mines is valued at about $120,000,000in 1863, sixty-seven years ago. Geo rg e B. annually.2 Of this gross value, approxi-Og liv ie was the name of the soldier pros- mate ly $85,000,000 i s immediately ex-pector. pended, largely within the state, for

Like all things of a permanent nature, wages, freight, smelting, and supplies.the growth of Utah's mining industry Thirty million dollars o f this i s spent for la-has been steady. As was to be expected, bo r a t mines and smelters. The stockhold-at first every outcrop was looked upon ers of th e mining companies received, inas a bonanza and prospectors felt sure 1929, approximately $38,167,3 18 i n d iv -they would soon be millionaires. Begin- idends, which was the largest dividendning with that September day in 1863 ever paid i n the history of the State. The

when the first mining claim t o b e located mining industry is, inde ed, therefore , onein the State of Utah was staked out and of the most important factors in Utah'schristened the "Jordan" by Oglivi e and presen t economic structure.his comrades, the mines of Utah have As has been said, a study o f the sourc-produced, up t o January 1, 1929, gold, es of wealth of a country or a section ofsilver, copper, lead, and zinc having a a county is very informing. If the studyvalue of $1,6 105 14,947 and have yielded is carefully and properly made, i t reveals$3 12,842,664 In dividends. the actual means of subsistence of the

As has been true of the development inhabitants of the area covered. Further-of most of the great mining districts of more, it not only eveals the industriesthis country, Utah owes the development and the importance of each, but also theof i t s mining industry to a group of re- relative importance of the several indus-markable characters, outstanding among tries t o )he inhabitants.whom was General Connor, brilliant SOL To say th at Ut ah is ortunate in ossess-dier and veteran Indian fighter, who was ing such large mineral deposits,developedin ~ ~ m m a n d f the United Stafos troops and undeveloped, and the industries bu iltstationed in Utah in 1863 at the time upon +hem is o say a thing +ha) every-Oglivie made his discovery, and who has body the state knows. A more im-been honored by later generations as portant thing to know, however, is that"The Father of Utah Mining."

Today the mineral of the 'Anyone desiring further informa+ion concern-

State of Utah have been to 'ng th e history o f mining in Utah may obtain the

po int which places it among the three or same by addressing the Secretary of th e Mini ngfour most importan t meta l mining states Committee of the Chamber of Commerce, Sal t

in the Union. Such a ranking in a state of Lak ity, Utah.Wh at Mini ng Means t o Utah-Publication of

5521000 p0pulationf according the the Chamber of Commerce of Salt Lake City,1930 census, indicates that i t s mining inutah .



THE SILVER R E E F in WashingtonCounty, discovered in 1874, and whichhas been te rme d one o f t h e most famousghost camps of the west, having to itscredit a production of $7,987,142.

O th e r districts which have, in th e past,been producers are the Gold Hill, WestTintic, Marysvale, Ophir, Boxelder andGrand Counties. Although the output ofthese camps in late years has been small,work is nevertheless be in g continually car-ried on in these districts and companiesdoing work in them are confident thatwith furth er d evel opme nt work, based on

the knowledge which wiil be obtainedCrom careful geological work, practicallyall of these districts will again becomeimp orta nt producers.

BINGHAM6HISTORY:

The first mining claim t o be loca ted inth e stat e was staked out in %his district,by Og li vie and his companions and chris-

tened the "Jordan." As befor e stated,that was on September 17, 1863. Threemonths later t o a day, t he WesS districtwas organized. The following year p lacergold was found in Bingham Canyon andth e now famous copper district began lif eas a gold camp. Lack o f tran spor tatio nfacilities and reduction plants handicap-ped development so that the originaldiscoverers profited little by their luck.As distances to railroad and smelfer be-came reduced by the slow advance ofth e outposts of civilization, t he o utp ut o fsilver- lead mines was increased.

L O C AT I O N :The Bingham District is in Salt Lake

County and is located about 30 milesfrom Salt Lake City in a southwesterlydirection. There are Iwo railroads intothe district, the Denver & Rio GrandeWestern and Bingham and Garfield, thelat ter being the property of the UtahCopper Company and is used by thecompany in delivering the ore from itsmines to its concentrating plants at Ma g-na and Arthur. The Bingham Stage Lines

also op era te between Salt Lake C i ty andBingham Canyon, with frequent service.

ORES:

Two di ffer ent types of ores are minedin th e Bingham District. O n e ty pe em-braces ores carrying an intimate associ-at ion of silver, lea d an d zinc. The othe rty pe consists o f those ores in which co p-per is the predominat ing metal.

MINES IN DISTRICTAmong the mines which produce prin-

cipally silver, lead, and zinc are the

United States, th e Uta h Apex, the UtahDelaware, the Utah Metal and Tunnel,the Bingham Mines, and the BinghamProspect. The Utah -Ape x is th e deepes tmin ing operat ion in the state. The lowestworkings are over 4000 fee t in ver ticaldepth and the lowest level, the 3 100, isreached b y an inside underground shaftwhich extends below th e 2400 ft. level.

The Utah Copper Company:The Utah Co ppe r Company is individ-

ually th e peer o f all the copper mines ofthis counfry. In f ac t its achievementshave been so outstanding that it wasgiven a special mention in an editorialin the August 20, 1927, issue of the En-gineering and Mi ni ng Journal. The edit orstarts his editorial with the following:"The Utah Copp er M ine today can beranked as the premier copper mine."

The article goes on t o state t ha t whilethe Kennecott Copper Company owns95% of the Utah Copper Company'sshares, that Kennecott without Utahwould be like a handsome automobilewith f iv e o f its ei gh t cylinders missing fire.For the Engineering and Mining Journalt o single out in its ed itor ial columns anyone mining company and call it "the pre-mie r" is unusual procedure. It s, however,a glowing tri but e t o t he organization.

' T ho s e i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e g e o l o g y o f the dis-t r i c t a n d i n i t s o r e d e p os it s a r e r e f e r r e d t oU. S. G. S. Profes s iona l Pape r No . I I I , n w h i c his c o n j a i n e d a b i b l i o g r a p h y o f t h e B in g ha m a n do t h e r d i s t ri c ts o f t h e S t a te .



Present-day large scale copper opera-tions had their inception when in 1903Colonel Jackling began laying plans for

working the huge deposits of low gradeore at Bingham by steam shovel andopen cut mining. The properties of thelate Colonel E. A. Wall, a pioneer ofOphir, Bingham and Mercur were se-

e cured for the Utah Cop per project, thenconsidered wholly visionary and imprac-tical. Ho w well the Jackling enterprisehas succeeded is now a m atter o f history.Records show th at the Utah C op pe r haspaid a total of $203,48 I , 102 in dividends.During 1929 the mine produced 306,-527,513 pounds of copper, yet it hasmany years of activity ahead of it , asindicated by the facf th at during 1929an aggreg ate of 5075 fe et of churn drill-ing developed addifional positive oreamounfing to 15,000.000 tons with anaverage grade 0 4 I .12% copper. Indi-cations are that the probable ore willamount to an additional 20,000,000 tons

with a grade of about 1 % copper. Thetotal ore reserves as of December 3 1 ,1929, as they will be mined amount toapproximately 640,000,000 tons averag-ing 1.07% copper. To dat e the re hasbeen mined 193,868,75 tons. Drillingoperations will continue fo r several yearswith every assurance that additional orewill be developed.

In the year 1927, as in the year 1926,the Utah Copper Company held theranking position o f a ll companies from astandpoint of production. In 1927 it pro-duced 90.7% of all the copper mined inthe state. In the year 1928 this company

, produced about 15% of the United

States total, and since the Un ite d States,during that year, produced 55% of theworld's refined copper, it can safely bestated that in 1928 this company's ou tpu trepresented about one-twelfth o f world

production.During 1929 a record production of

17,724, 00 dr y tons of o re was mined andtransported t o con centrating mills, thisbeing an increase o f I ,165,600 tons overth e 1928 tonnage.

The total of ore trea ted a t the concen-trati ng mills at Garfield was 17,724,100dr y tons, about equally divi ded between

the Ar thur and Ma gna plants. This isequivalent t o 50,2 10 tons per day for th e353 operating days in the year.

The average copper content was.994% or 19.89 pounds per ton, as com-pared with .992% and 19.84 pounds,respectively, for the year 1928. Theaverage recovery in the form of concen-trates was 85.67%, or 17.04 pounds perton, as compa red with 85.56% and 16.97pounds, respectively, for the year 1928.

The average milling cost for 1929 was36.58 cents per ton, as compared with36.9 cents for the year 1928, a decreaseo f .32 cents per ton. The concentratesshipped to the Smelter contained 302,-013,015 gross pounds of copper, theaverage grade being 32.06% as com-pared with 28 1,077,725 gross poundsand 31.53%, respectively, for tho year1928.

The meteoric waters which percolatethrough the vast dumps of stripping oroverburden, generally referr ed t o asw a s h dumps, dissolve a minute percent-age of copper. These solutions werecollected i n conduits and p ip e lines andconveyed to a central precip itating plantwhere 4,420,460 net pounds of copperwas recovered at a cost of approximate-ly 6.5 cents per pound.

During the year 1929 the electrificationof the mine haulage system was continuedby the addition o f thirty eighty-five-tonelectric locomotives, making a total offorty-one now in service. Steam locomo-tives are now in use at the mine onlyon some of the upper levels where thegreater part of the material handled isshort haul stripping. To furnish power forthe additional locomotives, eight 1000-Kilowat t ro ta ry conver te r s wi th the

necessary transformers and switching ap-paratus were installed.

The O hio C opp er Company:Another producer of copper i n the Bing-

ham District is the Ohio Copper Com-



Danv of Utah. which after several vearsI I

of unprofitablb mining and milling Af i t slow grade copper ores ado pted , in 1923,

leachina and wreciwitation as the methodI 1

of extr&ting the copper and which s t i l l

i s being successfully carried on. This sys-tem consists of distributina a sliahtlv

a I

ac id ified solution over +he surface of theold stopes containing a large tonnage oflow grade ore through which it perco-lates and becomes enriched with copper.The copperholution i s then collected inthe Mascott Tunnel I 100 feet below thesurface where it i s conducted throughlaunders containing light scrap iron. Thecopper carried in solution replaces theiron forming a high grade cement copperor copper mud which i s shipped to theGarf ield plant of the American SmeltingRefining and Min ing Company.

For the wast two vears extensive e x ~ l o r -ation work'has bee icar ri e, d on in the ]lime-stone deposits underlying the propertya+ depth below the Mascott Tunnel, with

a view to developing the copper-goldand lead-silver ores known t o exist undersimilar conditions in adjoining properties.

PARK CITY7HISTORY:

The early pioneers who herded theircattle and sheep on the hills of the ParkCity District little dreamed of the vastwealth in silver and lead which lay con-cealed beneath the grass-covered slopes.They looked upon the region as onevaluable for its meadows and timbers,and had no idea that the stately treescovering the hills would reverse positionsand, as mine timbers, support the earthwhich then supported them.

Although sporadic attempts to mineda te back as far as the Walker and We b-ster Claim in 1869, real mining activity

began with the discovery of the Ontarioby Rector Steen, a soldier prospector ofmining experience in California who hadenlisted fo r service i n Utah because themountainous character of the country ledhim to believe that minerals could be

found in the Territory. SSeen did consid-erable prospecting with bu t li ttl e success.But on June 15, 1872, he happened t o see

a knob of ore sticking up out of theground. An assay proved the rock tocarry from I0 0 to 400 ounces 04 silver tothe ton. Steen staked out the Ontari o andbegan mining the ore b ody which was toprodu ce over $50,000,000 in silver, lead,and gold. Other great mines were thenopened up and Park C i ty soon assumed aposition as one of the lead ing miningcamps of th e West.

LOCATION:The Park City District i s in SummitCounty and i s located about th irty mileseast of Salt Lake City. Both the Denver& Rio Grande Wesfern and the UnionPacific railroads operate trains into +hedistric?, which haul the rich ores out.Stage lines also run between Salt LakeC i ty and Park Ci ty , furnishing regular andfrequent passenger transportation.

ORES:The ores of the Park Ci tv distri ct occuras lode and as be dd ed d ipo sit s in sedi-mentary and intrusive country rocks. Thetwo types of deposits are commonly as-sociated throughouC the region, thoughsome lodes and veins occur alone. Thelode deposits are extensive, strong andvaluable. They lie in a few continuousmaster fau lt zones, rather than in a largenumber of small fissures. These depositsmay be characterized as argentiferouslead ores with some zinc and copper anda small amount of gold. The lead occursas carbonates and oxkles in the upperlevels and as sulphides in the lower por-tions. The silver i s associated with pyriteand galena. Lode ore of economic sizeand grade extend from the surface todepths of more than 2000 feet. In generalthe upper parts of these deposits have

proved richest, the middle section hasbeen of high grade, and the deeper por-tions larger bu t leaner.

G e o l o g y a n d O r e D e p o si ts o f P ark C i t yD i s t r i c t , U t a h , b y J. M. B o u t w e l l a n d o t h e r s ,U. S. G. S. Profes s iona l Pape r No . 77.



Silver King Coalition Mines, an Outstanding Producer in the Park Ci ty District

MINES IN DISTRICTThe leading producing mines of the

Park Ci t y dis+ric+ are the Silver KingCoalition Mines Company, Park UtahConsolidated Mines Company, the NewQuincy Mi ning Company, and Park C i t yConsolidated Mining Company.

Silver King Coalition Mines Co.:The property 04 the Silver King Coali-

tion Mines Company, and of i t s prede-cessors has been under constant develop-men+ since 1882, and now consists 0 4

nearly 4000 acresof mineral-bearing and.Since tha+ dat e t o 1930 it has producedgold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc of agross value of $90,746, I"?. These metalswere obtained fr om 1,677,724 +ons o f

ore. From this total there has been ex-pended for wages, supplies, materials,taxes, freight, treatment, and other nec-essary costs, the sum of $60,979,088, allof which has gone into the channels ofindustry. Thecompany employs about 725

men. The ore reserves of this companyare reputed to be larger than at anyprevious tim e i n its history.

Park Utah Consolidated MinesCompany:

The propertieswhich now constitute t hePark Utah Consolidated Mines Company

have been under constant developmentsince 1872, a t which time the O ntar io-Daly lode system was first discovered. Attha t ti me the ore from th e tunnel whichwas started fr om the bot tom o f the can-yon averaged $250 per ton. From I872t o December, 1876 the pro per ty hadyielded $ I , 100,000.

When the Ontario property began toshow i t s great value the claims immedi-

ately t o th e west were taken u p by J. J.Daly. In February, 1885, the Daly MiningCompany was formed. The organizationof the Ontario and Daly companies hasbeen in par t identical, and they have con-ducted their operations in conjunction.



The properties of the company arefully equipped to handle approximately1000 tons of ore per d a y The under-

ground workings are tapped by threemain transporta tion and drainage tunnelsand five de ep shafts. During 1929 th elowest level was extended from I800 tothe I95 0 level in the search for the con-tinuation of the ore bodies above. O n he1800 foot level the headings are beingadvanced in entirely new terri tor y underconditions which give excellent promiseo f new discoveries of importance. In 1929what is known as the City unit of theproperty produced 123,939 tons of ore,and its large underground territory con-tinues to give every assurance of manyyears of major production.

In 1929 the company mined 300,931tons o f ore, containing 48,708,38 1 poundsof zinc, 40,784,284 poundsof lead, 1,229,-051 pounds o f cop per, 25,387 ounces o fgold, and 2,759,678 ounces o f silver.

NewQuincy Min ing Company:

From a prospect o f nearly thi rty years'standing, this property in the heart ofthe old district, in 1928, blossomed forthfrom a venture financed by assessmentsin to a mine shipping 150 tons daily andnett ing a substantial p rofit, thereby prov-ing that all the mines in Utah have notbeen found and that as the years go by,new propertie s will be discovered.

The New Quincy Mi ne s located abouttwo and one-half or three miles south ofPark Ci t y i n the Uintah and Snake Creekmining districts, pa rt of the property be-ing in Summit County and part in Wa-satch County. It s joined on the north bythe old Daly West property and on thewest by the Daly Judge, both o f whichare now owned by the Park Utah Con-solidated Min ing Company.

The prop er ty consists o f 337.75 acres

of patented ground very desirably lo-cated in the Park City formation alonga strong fissure system. The prop er ty p ro-duced, durin g the year 1928-1929 some49,580 tons of silver-lead-zinc bearing o rewhich had an average assay value of

Lead, 12.05%; Co pp er , 1 1.7%; Zinc,15.1 %; Silver, 23.24 oz.; Gold, .03 15 oz.

The ore bodies are quite well deple ted

on the west side of the New Quincyground bu t are being prospected t o theeast with favorable results. The Corn- w

pany recently purchased some additionalmining ground known as Little Bell prop-erty, and this is being vigorously pros- C

pec ted with no particular results t o d ate,as it was necessary t o do some extra workt o ge t to the proper formations. As thishas been com plete d, the management i shopeful o f opening up another high gradeore body which is characteristic of thisparticular section of Park City.

The ore m ined on this pro perty is ship-pe d as a mill product, i n order t o recoverthe zinc, to the International SmeltingCompany's plant at Tooele, Utah. Theore is dropped down from the I200 levelof the Daly West and hauled throughtheir transportation tunnel to the D. &R. G. and U. P. Railroads, bo th o f which

have spurs to the mouth of the tunnel.

Park C it y ConsolidatedMining Co.:

Up to 1929 the part o f the district inwhich this company is operating was notlooked upon very favorably b y engineersand geologists, but through the energiesof geologists who maintained that thescope of the Park City district was not

alone confined t o Park C i t y proper, theexistence of bodies of rich silver and leatdore has been shown, and while the figureso f shipments are n ot available, produc-tion has been satisfactory and th e futureseems to be very brig ht for the continu-

*

ation of ore bodies t o depth. In otherparts o f the Park C i ty dis trict, outside ofthe proven territory, development work

*

is being car ried on. Prospects are favor-able.

TINTICSHISTORY:

Although the Tintic District began pro-duction modestly with little excitement



attending the first discovery, it has nowdeveloped in to one o f the greatest silverdistricts in America. Government rec-ords merely re po rt that Steve Moore, aprospector, located the first claim, theSunbeam, in 1870. History's seeming in-difference to t he importance of Moore'sdisclosure is easily explained. At the sametime Moore made his important discov-ery in the Tintic District, strikes were theorder of the day. Exciting discoverieswere being repo rted rom Alta, Park City ,Bingham, Beaver County, Ophir, Silver

Reef, and other places which have longsince been forgotte n.Consequently, slow but steady growth

characterized the development of thisdistrict. A month after Steve Moorehad located the Sunbeam, tw o of the dis-trict's richest mines, the Eureka Hill andthe Mammoth, were staked and by 187 1

the camps of Silver Ci t y and Diamond, a tthe south end of the district, sprang upas a result o f the discovery o f rich ores in

the porphyry. Development of the lime-stone followed somewhat slowly. As amatt er of fact , th e pioneers of Tintic ac-tivity thought so little of the limestonedeposits, it is related that t he Mammothmine, later a producer of $20,000,000,was traded for a herd of Texas cattle.

The building o f a railroad in to the dis-tr ic t in 1878 stimulated activ ity, and onerich discovery after another was made.As time went on, the Eureka Hill, th eHumbug, th e Spy, the Centennial Eureka,the Gemini, the Swansea, the Godiva,the Sioux, +he Iron Blossom, the ColoradoChief Consolidated and others pouredforth a stream of rich ore.LOCATION:

The Tintic District i s located in JuabCount y about 90 miles south o f Salt LakeCity. Lines of the Union Pacific and theDenver & Rio Grande railroads run intothe district and stages furnish frequent

Notes on the Geology of East Tintic, by G.W. Crane. Transactioqs of Ame rica n Instituteof Vining and Metallurgical Engineers, No,1491-1.

passenger service to and from variouspoints i n the district.

METALS AND MINERALS:The ore metals include silver, gold,

lead, zinc, and copper. Much iron orehas been, and is being mined from thesoufh end of the district and shipped tothe smelters as flux. Also the C h i e fConsolidated Mining Company has sev-eral million tons of very pure limestone onits holdings which assays around 98% cal-cium carbonate which is being shippedt o the smelters, sugar factories, and asburnt lime to the mills, etc. This districtalso has small deposits of Fullers Earth,which i s o f very goo d grade, in the south-ern end near the contact of the igneousand sedimentary rocks.

ORE BODIES:

The or e bodies in the south end o f thisdistrict occur as veins, filling fissures inthe monzonite intrusive and extend intoth e sedimentary formations; these veinspredominate i n that section. The camp o fSilver City mines ores of this type. Theore bodies in the north end o f the districtoccur as limestone replacements. Themines o f Eureka, Mammoth, and D ividendare mining this ty pe o f ore.

MINES-The leading producers of the Tintic

district are the Tintic Standard MiningCompany, North Lily Mining Company,Chief Consolidated Mining Company.

Tintic Standard Mining Company:From 19 I 7 t o December 3 I, 1929, the

Tintic Standard mine produced 47,693ounces o f gold, 35,937,932 ounces o f sil-ver, 361,553,421 pounds o f lead, and10,18 1,873 pounds of copper, and haspaid dividends amounting to $12,787,-247. This company alone produces

approximately 10,000 tons of ore permonth. From a prospect with only a fewthousand feet of workings, the TinticStandard has developed into one of themost successful mining corporations inthe United States, with more than 80



miles of underground workings and sev-eral subsidiary mines purchased andbeing explored t o perpetuate the enter-

prise.No rth Lily M ining Company:

In 1924 the North Lily Mining Com-pany's holdings consisted of sevenundeveloped mining claims, whose onlyclaim to merit was i t s proximity to theone productive mine, the Tintic Standard,in the East Tintic District. By acquiringthe East Tintic Coalition Mining Com-pany propert y in 1926, nd several othe r

properties since then, the North Lily hasnow become a very important producer,with an average production o f more than6,000 ons of ore per month.

During 1929 the East Tintic propertyproduced 72,889 ons of dry ore. Metalproduct ion amounted to 33,168,854pounds of lead, 492,796 ounds of zinc,790,143 unces of silver and 9,4 3 ounces

of gold. The company paid dividendsamounting to $795,550 n 1929.

Chief Consolidated MiningCompany:

The Chief Consolidated No. I mine, 4

which i s the main producer of this com-pany, has, since the date of discovery in1909, roduced 1,220,255 ry tons of ore, 4

containing 89,6 5 ounces of gold, 3 ,-839,135 ounces of silver, 294,876,734pounds of lead, 464,892 pounds of cop-per, and 22,049,401 ounds of zinc. Thecompany, since i t s organization, has paid

$3,654,5 9 in dividends and has acquiredseveral subsidiary mines which are nowimportant producers.

There are numerous producing minesin this district, including the EurekaStandard, the Eureka Lily, and others,practically all of which are controlled by+he Tin+ic Standard, North Lily, andChief Consolidated.

MINING DISTRICTS OF UTAHThe following i s a complete l i s t of the

mining districts of the State:

Beaver CountyI . Beave r Lake2. Bradshaw3. G r a n i t e5. Linco ln ( J a r l oose )4. Indian Peak6. N e w t o n7. N o r t h S t ar8. P in e G r o v e9. Preuss (Newhouse)10. RockyI I . Frisco12. Stra13. Wa s h i n g t o n

Boxelder County14. Ashbrook15. Lucin16. N e w f o u n d l a n d17. Park Val ley18. Promontory

Cache County

19. Boxelder20. Pa rad i s e (La P l a t a )

Davis County2 1. Fa rming ton

Emery County22 . Emery (Lost Springs)23 . S a n R a f a e l

Garfield County24 . C o y o t e C r e e k25. W h i t e C a n yo n ( H i t e )

Grand County26 . L i tt l e G i a n d27. Min ers Bas in28. Richardson29. Wi l s o n M e s a

lron County30 . G o l d S p r in g s3 1 . l ron Spr ings32 . Pinto l ron33 . Sta te l ine

Juab County34 . D e t r o it ( J o y )35 . Fish Spring s36. M o n a37 . M o u n t N c b o38 . S p r in g C r e e k39 . Tintic40 . W e s t Tin ti c



Millard Counfy41. Leamington [Oa k Ci ty )

Morgan County42. Age nta (M i l l Creek)43. Morgan

Piute County44. Kimberly (Go ld Mounta in)45. Oh io (Marysva le , Go ld Mounta ins )

Salt Lake County46. Big Cotto nwo od47. H o t Springs48 . L i t t l e Cot tonwoo d (Al ta )49. We st Mou ntain (Bingham)

San Juan Countyg50. Blue Mountains (Mon tice l lo )51. Bluff

Sevier Coun ty52. Henry53. Salina Cr ee k

Summit Count y54. Uint a (Park C it y)

Tooele County55. Blue Bells56. Rush Valley (S fock ton )57. C l i f i on ( G o l d H i l l )58. Columbia59. Desert60. Dugway6 1 . Erikson62. Gra ni te Mounta in63. Lakeside64. No rth Tint ic

65 . Ophi r66. Rush Vall ey67. Silver Islet68. Tooele

69. Wi l low SpringsUinta County

70. Carbonate7 1 . Gre en River (Club Ceerk)72. Spring Cre ek

Utah County73. Am eric an Fork74. Lehi75. Provo76. Santaauin77. Sil ve r Lake78. Tintic79. U t a h

Wasatch C ounty80. Blue Le da e81. North FO;~

82. Rhodes Plateau IW oo dl an dl83. Snake Cr ee kWashington Counfy84. Bull Valle y85. Harrisbu rg (Silver Re ef)86. Tutsagubet

Webe r County87. Sierra M a dr e

%eologic St ruc tu re of San J u a n C a n y o n , b yHugh D. M i s e r, U. S. G. . B u l l e t i n No. 751-D.

METALLURGICAL OPERATIONSCopper-Lead-Zinc

Mills and Smelters

THE district tributary to the Salt LakeValley i s Oregon, Idaho, Nevada,

parts of California, Western Colorado,Wyoming, Montana, and Utah, thus mak-ing Salt Lake City and the adjacentvalley a leadin g metallu rgical confer. Allof the plants situated in the Valley areequipped with the most modern devicesfor the reduction of ores, and better millor smelter practices cannot be foundanywhere in the world. A prominent min-ing publication remarked a few years ago

that if one could choose where to pickhis mine the best place was in the SaltLake Valley district, other conditions be-ing equal, as there he could receive thebest custom rates anywhere for treating

his ores. This i s chiefly due to the fact thatthe reduction industry as a whole in

thisdistrict realizes that in order t o give itselflong lif e it must follow a po licy of makingas great a retu rn to the shipper of ore asis consistent wifh good business practice.

As is well known, most of th e ores whichare mined today in the several miningdistricts of Utah are too low-grade to besmelted direct. Hen ce, the ores as theycome from the mines must first be sub-jected to a concentrating process in

order t o separate the m etal bearing con-ten+ of the ores, to such an extent as it

may b e commercially feasible t o do so,from the non-metals, or gangue material.

( C o n t i n u e d o n page 21)



( C o n t i n u e d from page 17 )

For this reason, there is perhaps noplace in the United States, due to the

ability and enterprise of Utah's engi-neers, where concentration processeshave been more highly developed thanin the Salt Lake Valley. As is also wellknown, the flotation process i s the pro-cess by which the majority of the ores,mined in the state, are trea ted in ordert o recover their metallic content.

By flota tion, int imate ly associated min-erals such as silver, lead, zinc, and copperoccurring in one ore are separated for

economical reduction t o mefals, by smelt-in. The ores treated are, for the mostpart, sulphide ores. However, due to im-provements in the process and as a resultof research and experimentation, it isnow possible to recover the metallicvalues from oxidized ores, as well assulohides. and custom olants for thet r ia tm en t of such ores ar; now operatingin the district.

Applied to the complex ores of ParkCity and Bingham, this process recoversnearly 100,000,000 pounds of zinc tha tformerly went t o waste and makes be tt errecoveries of t he ofher metals than wereforme rly dreamed of. I n the sta te as awhole, flotation has increased zinc pro-duc tion about five times. This has broughtto the mines about $6,000,000 moreannual revenue, and an additional $2,-540,000 in fr eigh t to the r a i r o a d

companies. Min ing companies have beensaved $3,500,000 annually in lower smelt-er treatment charges by the eliminationof zinc from their lead smelting ores.

But the recovery of zinc i s no t the onlybenefit flotation has given the miningindustry. It has made possible be tt er mill-ing practice in almost all classes of ore.The Utah Copper enferprise affords animpressive example of the application ofthe flotation process. Today it is one of

the largest flotation plants in the world.During 1929, when op era tin g at full ca-pacity, this company mined on anaverage of 50,210 tons of ore per day.In 1905, when milling was first begun at

Phe Utah Copper, ore below I 2 per centin copper could not b e treated and metalrecoveries were less than 65 per cent.

During 1929, the average recovery in thisform o f concentrates was 86.67 per cen tof the metal values in ore carrying .994per cent copper, or 19.89 pounds per ton.

The Utah Copper does not operate acop per smelter, b u t sells the concen-trates from i t s concentrating plants to anearby smelter. In addition to the UtahCopper Company, a number of Utahmines also own and operate their ownconcen trating plants. However, as +he

magnitude of the operations of many ofthe mines of Utah does not warrant theirowning and op era ting +heir own concen-trating plants, the ores from such minesare sold t o custom plants. The three prin -cipal custom plants being operated atthe present time are those of:

THE COMBINED METALS REDUC-TION C 0 M P A N Y a t B a u e r. Thiscompany's flotation plant was built in1924, to handle 200 tons of ore dailyfrom the Company's mine a t Pioche, Ne-vada. The capacity of the plant wasincreased, in June 1929, t o 450 tons andin March of 1930 to 800 tons daily. Theplant is now treating custom ores fromUtah, Idaho, Nevada, and Colorado, aswell as the complex lead-zinc ore fromthe Company's mine at Pioche, Nevada.During 1929, the flo tat ioq pla nt produced1,186 ounces of gold, 628,116 ounces of

silver, 13,713,328 pounds o f lead, and26,450,715 pounds of zinc, with a netsmelter value of $1,549,073.1 7. The Co m-pany employs 225 men at i t s mine andmill a t Bauer, Utah.

THE INTERNATIONAL SMELTINGCO MP AN Y a t Tooele has erected flofa-tion plants in which are concentra ted no tonly the ores from i t s own mines in U tahand adjacent states, b ut likewise customores from these states. The lead and cop-

per concentrates from the mills a t Tooeleare sent t o the lead and copper smeltingfurnaces, which are operated by theCompany at Tooele, while the zinc con-centrates are for the most part shipped



A t B a ue r, U t a h , t h e C o m b i n e d M e t a l s R e d u c t i o n C o m p a n y m a i n ta i ns a C o n c e n t r a t i n g M i l l f o rT r e a t m e n t o f C u s t o m Ores

t o the electrolytic zinc plant of the Ana-conda Copp er Min ing Company locatedat Great Falls, Montana.

THE UNITED STATES SMELTING, RE-FINING A N D MlNlNG COMPANYoperates a 1000-ton mill at Midvale, i nconnection with the ir lead smelter a t thatplace.

As before stated, the greater part ofthe copper and lead-zinc ores which aremined in Utah are first concentrated, forthe purpose of rem oving as much as pos-sible of the barren gangue material. Atthe present time there is no zinc reduc-tion plant in the Salt Lake. V a I I e y.However, the following companies oper-ate copper and lead smelters on a large

scale:AMERICAN SMELTING A N D REFIN-

ING CO MP AN Y. This company operatestwo smelters in th e valley, namely a leadsmelter at Murray, seven miles south of

Salt Lake City, and a copper smelter atGarfield, seventeen miles west of SaltLake City . This latter plant treats chieflythe copper concentrates from the mills o fthe Utah Copper Company nearby andproduces more copper per day than anyother smelter i n the world.

THE INTERNATIONAL SMELTINGC OM PA NY operates a s m e l t e r a tTooele, for ty miles west of Salt Lake Ci ty ,at which are smelted both lead and cop-per ores.

THE UNITED STATES SMELTING, RE-FINING AN D MINING COMPANY hasa lead smelter a t Midvale , 12 miles southof Salt Lake City. In addition t o its milland smelter the United States Company

has an arsenic department, where weedkiller and insecticides are manufactured.This arsenic, of course, is derived fromthe silver-lead ores which carry it in smallquantities.

IRON IN UTAH''

I the United States, local manufactur- lron and Washington Counties in Utahing in iron and steel products has always contained large iron ore deposits esti-

followed closely upon development of mated b y the United States Geologicaliron ore deposits of sufficient quantityand qualitv to warrant its smeltina. This lo I r o n F i e !d s o f t h e I r o n S w ri na s a n d P i n to. ,

being dependen+ upon coking M i n i n g D i s tr ic t s , l r o n C o u n t y , ' U ta 6 , b y D u n c a n

coal adjacen t t o such deposits.M a c Vi t c h i e . Tr an s ac ti on s o f A m e r i c a n I n s t i t u t eo f M i n i n g a n d M e t a l l u r g i c a l En g in e er s , N o .

For many years it has been known th at 1468-1.



Survey at forty million tons, with otherengineers estimating this a t one hundredand sixty four million tons of ore in sight,

with probabilities of there being up toone b illion tons. Mos+ o f this is hematiteore averaging approximately 57% iron.

In Carb on County, Utah, large depos-i t s of coking coal were found suitable forblast furnace operations. For many yearsthese deposits lay untouched. I n 1922 theColumbia Steel Corporation, a PacificCoast enterprise, purchased large hold-ings o f ir on and coal deposits and erec teda t Provo, Utah, a blas* furnace and by-

pro duc t coke ovens. From their incept ionthese operations have been successfuland i g iron o f superior quality has beenpro B ced. The capacity of this plant isapproximately 150,000 tons of pi g ironand 300,000 tons of coke annually.

At this same time the Republic Creo-soting Company erected a plant to takethe coal tar from the coke oven opera-tions.

In 1926 the Pacific States Cast IronPipe Company erec ted a plant adjacentto the blast furnace and since that time

has made very r ap id growth.The yearly pay roll of these plants isabou t one and one ha lf million dollars, giv-in g employment t o hundreds of persons.

In 1929 the United States Steel Cor-poration b e c a m e interested in theColumbia Steel Corporation, and earlyin 1930 took over their entire holdings,including finishing plants in Pittsburgh,and Torrance, California and Portland,Oregon. It is rumored that the United

States Steel Corporation will materiallyexpand these plants, This developme nt isof g reat importance t o the entire Pacificslope and, doubtless, large markets forfinished products will be found in Russiaand the Orient. Utah looks forward withconfidence t o tha t tim e, which now seemsnear at hand, when her iron and steelindusfries will be the basis for large in-dustrial expansion.

Lead Smelter of the Unit ed States Smelting, Refining & Mining Company, a t Midvale , Utah

I 23 I



OIL POSSIBILITIES

ON ccount of the large mountainranges traversing through the State

of Utah consisting largely of the olderrock formations and resulting, either onones ide or the other, in what i s termed ageneral depression of the beds withoutproper structural folding, and also abreak-up of such possible folds in largegathering areas, Utah has not the nu-merous oil possibilities that such statesas California, Texas, Oklahoma and Kan-

sas possess. However, ther e are somepossibilities o f oil discovery in commercialquantities still remaining. Oil has beenfound in limi ted quantities at Cisco, Utah.At presenj several wells are be ing drilledin locations where th e obje ctive beds are

- petroliferous and might permit propertrappings or reservoirs for oil. The mainobiectives in this area are the Pennsyl-vania forma%ions. If oi l i s to be found incommercial quantities, no doubt, thegenesis of this production will be fromthe Pennsylvania shales which producedso prolificly for a very short time fromthe Cane Creek well, on +he ColoradoRiver, near Moab, Utah.

At Virgin, in southern Utah, there arequ ite a number o f small wells on a mono-cline and the produ ctive horizon is in thelower Moenkopi or the upper Kaibabformation. Therefore, east and southeastof this area there s t i l l remain certainpossibilities for oil to be found in thesesame beds, but under more favorablestructural conditions.

Accordingly, the Utah Oil RefiningCompany is drilling a well on the ButlerValley Structure, some 80 miles south ofMarysvale, Utah, and about 40 milessouthwest o f Bryce Canyon. If this wellis d producer, no doubt ofher structuresin that area will have equal possibilities.

In the meantime, however, crude oil,fro m +he nearby Wyom ing and NewMexico fields i s brought to Salt LakeCi ty for refining, by the Utah Oil Refin-ing Company. This activity already con-

stitutes one of %he oremost industriesin +he state, making Utah an import antoil refining center. Tho plant i s one of themosf modern in the United States andfurnishes employment to hundreds ofUtah families.

North of the Great Salt Lake severalwells are being drilled and the objectiveis the Pennsylvania. Showings have al-ready been discovered and it is hopedthat these operations will result in com-

mercial produc tion of oil.The Boundary Bu tte s-iructure, loca ted

in the southeastern corner o f Utah, is nowbeing drilled at 5,500 feet and the ob-jective i s the Pennsylvania sands, theequivalent of the Rattlesnake deep wellproducing horizon, some 40 miles awayin the state of N ew Mexico.

Utah has great deposits of oil shaleswhich eventually will be developed andcommercialized. There has been, up-to-date, about eighteen billion barrels ofcrude o il produced since 1859 in theUnited States, and i% s conservativelyestimated by the U. S. Geological Sur-vey that oil shales of Utah will eventuallyproduce sixty to eighty billion barrels ofshale oil.

N o doubt the public i s aware that theGermans have, for several years, beenoperating a process known i s "Hydro-

genation." The new process i s the mostremarkable chemical engineering devel-opment known to the grea t oil scientistsof the world. It s capable o f faking heavytars, residuurns from crude oil, heavy sul-phur crudes, and even coal, and makinghigh g rad e motor fuels and excep+ionallyhigh grade motor oils and other petrole-um derivatives. Utah coal is especiallyadap ted t o this process. Those who havecarefully studied the subject venture to

prognosticate that within ten years thisprocess will be established in a big wayin Utah and it will result in the greatestindustry within the state. The enormouspossibilities are rea dily apparent.



COAL INDUSTRY

A TH OU G H coal has been mined inUtah since the early pioneer days,the coal industry of t he state is s t i l l in itsinfancy. W i t h approximately one-sixth ofthe area of the state underlain with veinsof coal o f workable thickness, th e Uni tedStates Geological Survey estimates theunmined reserve a t 196 bill ion Sons.

While the deposits in the vicinity ofCoalville, Summit County, p robab ly werethe first developed i n a commercial way,

the major development has occurred inthe Carbon-Emery district, in the centralpa rt of the state, and from this area ap-proximately 98 percent of the coal i s

mined a+ present.At this time, veins under four fe et thick

are not considered commercial and ap-proximafely 70 per cent of the coal nowproduced i s coming from veins rangingfrom eight to seventeen feet thick. Theaverage annual production during thepast ten years is about 5,000,000 tons.About half a million tons a year are con-ver ted int o coke and the remainder goeson the commercial and industrial marketsof Utah, Nevada, California, Idaho, Mon-tana, Washington and Oregon, withsmall shipments eastward into Colorado,Kansas and Nebraska.

The Carbon-Emery coals are high-grade bituminous, as are those of some

other districts as yet developed only bywagon mines. In the northern pa rt o f thestate the coals generally are sub-bitumi-nous. The Carbon-Emery coals are hiqh-volatile, low in moisture, ash and sulphurand average around 13,000 to 13,500British Thermal Units to the pound. In thesame region as the high-grade commer-cia1 coals, also, are found the Sunnysideand Columbian districts, which are con-tiguous, that supply an excellent qualityof gas and coking coal.

The principa l producing companies arethe Blue Blaze Coa l Company; Chester-field Coal Company; Independent Coal& Coke Company; Lib ert y Fuel Com-

pany; Lion Co al Company; Mutu al CoalCompany; National C o a l Company;Peerless Co al Company; Royal CoalCompany; Scofield Coal C o m p a n y;Spring Canyon Coa l Company; StandardCoal Company; Sweet Coal Company;Utah Fuel Company and United StatesFuel Company.

The Utah Fuel has a bi g b att ery o f cokeovens at Sunnyside and the ColumbiaSteel operates by-product ovens in con-

nection with i ts blast furnaces a t Ironton,Utah, near Provo.

The average value of the coal at themines in recent years, on a run of minebasis, ranges from about $2.50 t o $2.75per ton, making the average productionvalue about $12,500,000 t o $14,000,000.

The average number of employees inthe coal industry is a little in excess of5,000, and +he annual payroll is about$7,500,000, although the industry furnish-es the chief means of livelihood ofapproximately 25,000 men, women andchildren in the State of Utah. In ad-dition to the wages aid, the coalindustry spends in the neighborhood of$2,500,000 annually for supplies; $750,-000 for power and taxes, and ~rovidesabout $15,000,000 a year in fre igh t reve-nue for western railroads.

Adj ace nt +o the mining camps are the

towns of Helper and Price in CarbonCounty, which are bustling and wide-awake communities almost wholly de-

en dent upon the coal industry fo r theirIncome.

Generally, the mines are excep+ionallywell equipped. The installed tipp le ca-pa ci ty is in excess of 14,000,000 tons peryear, figuring 300 eight-hour workingdays. The average working period i sabout 200 days per year.

The Carbon-Emery regio n i s served bytw o railroads-the Denver & Rio Gran deWestern and the Utah Railway, and theCoalville district is served by the UnionPacific railroad.



COMPLETE survey of Utah's non- previous years. The salt brine i s allowedA metallic resources has no t ye t been t o remain in these vats during themade, but it is known th at +he Sta te pos- summer, until much of the salt has pre-sesses grea t undeveloped deposits of cip ita ted . The remaining brine, or liquor ,non-metallic substances which await the i s drawn off quickly, before the undesir-establishment o f new industries to ef fe ct able solids which are in the origina l laketheir exploitation. water are allowed +o precipitate-the

Utah's known resources of non-metal- liquor being div erted back in to the Gre a tlics, though in the prima ry stage of Salf Lake.development, constitute several indus- This leaves a deposit of several inchestries th at are confributing materially t o of salt which i s practically pure, averag-the importance o f the mining industry ing over 991/2% pure salt. This depositand possess the basic requirements for remains in the ponds t o dry until abou tpractically unlimited expansion in the fu- the first o f September, when the "salttu re as population and manufacturing in harvesS" begins. The salt deposit is thenthe Wesf. increases. loosened up by plows drawn by tractors.

At the present time , th e established Mechanical s a l t harvesting machines,industries are as follows: drawn by tractors, are taken into the

SALTponds and the salt i s "piled" in long pilesnear the railroad track where it is allowed

Vast deposits of salt exist in Utah. to during the summer. 11 is henRock salt i s mined from open-cuts in Se- loaded i n to r a m s nd taken into hevier and Sanpete Countiesl but th e mill, where it s passed through enormousprincipal ~" od uc ti o " f salt in Utah origi- driers. It s then run through th e crushers,nates from the waters of the Great Salt rolls, screen, andLake. This inland sea has an area of 2,250 machines, during which process it is adesquare miles and is about 75 miles long in to he desired grade. ~h~~~ is manu-and 30 miles wide. factured in Utah a grade of salt for every

In Utah all evaporated salt i s mado by possible purpose to which salt may bewhat is known as the Solar Process-the applied.sun does the work. The water from the The salt production thus carried on inGreat Sal t ~ake, he con+ents of which Utah amounts to approximately 80,000range from 13% t o 18% salt, is lifted tons annually, and has a value of aboutseveral fee t t o a level where it then flows $400,000.by gravity i nto large concentrating pondsof several thousand acres. The water i s OTHER SALINES

allowed to remain in these large ponds The utilization of the salines of thefor several weeks, until the brine begins Great Salt Lake and of the Great Saltt o concentrate. Before the salt begins to Lake Desert in Western Utah, other thanprecipitate, the brine i s conducted by salt, as for example calcium, magnesium,grav ity in to the "solar vats." These vats and potassium i s a potential industry ofare large earthern ponds some 25 acres the future. The G re a t Salt Lake Desert

in extent. The bo ttoms of the "solar vats" i s one of the largest areas of potash-are pure salt, having been deposited in bearing salts in the United States. Thesalts are present in the strong brine solu-

U t a h h a s a g r e a t e r v a r i e t y o f r a w m a t e r i a l s t i o n s n he form po+assium hloridef o r m a n u f a c t u r i n g t h a n a n y o t h e r s t a t e i n t h eU n i o n , a n d h as a g r e a t e r v a r i e t y o f m i n e r a l s and in quantities averaging about Pert han any s imi l a r a rea in t h e w o r l d . cent or 3.5 per cent potassium. This i s



H a r v e s ti n g t h e S a l t C r o p o n the p r o p e r t y o f t h e R o y al C r y st a l S a lt C o m p a n y, n e a r S a l t L ak e C i t y

about twice the concentration of the p ot -ash salts in the waters of Great Salt Lake.Brines are found in both the salt crustsand underlying mud; the solutions ob-tained fr om the mud a t depth show over25 per cent dissolved salts o f which 3 t o 4

per ce nt is potassium.Magnesium chloride is present in slight-

ly less quantities than potassium chlorideand no doubt will be equally as valuableas the ~ o t a s h ontent if research in theproduction of magnesia metal provestrue.

Due t o the deposits above mentioned,it

is the confident expectation of thosewell informed on the subject that SaltLake Ci t y will some day b e the chemicalcenter of the West, if not of the UnitedStates.

HYDROCARBONS

The Uintah Basin is not ed as containingthe largest deposits 0 4 asphalt and re-lat ed bitumens found in America. In thisregion are found gilsonite, elaterite,

sometimes called "Uintahite," and ozo-kerite. The only other places in whichthese rare minerals exist in large quanti-ties, so far as is known, are Galacia,Roumania and Baku. These bitumens, re-

sembling t ar , except +hat they possess agreater gloss and hardness when cold,are residues of petroleum and have im-portant uses in the manufacture of high-class varnishes, japans, insulation, mineralrubber, acid proof paints and water-pro ofing compounds. Gilson ite is foundin veins from a few inches to eighteenfee+. Near Watson, the Gilson Asphalt-um Company has mined one vein, theRainbow, fo r three miles in length and t oa depth o f more than 400 fe et in places.Select gilsonite i s found a t a distance o fabout 70 fe e t below the surface.

Elaterite i s found i n both Carbon andWasatch counties, in the vicinity ofStrawberry creek, in veins ranging fro mone to tw enty inches wide. The ore issacked and hauled to the railroad forshipment to refineries.

Ozokerite has been mined from anarea in Central Utah twelve miles longand one to four miles wide, near thetowns of Colton and Soldier Summit.This mineral also occurs in irregular vein

deposits in fissures and crushed zones inlimestones, shale and sandstone.

Asphaltic limestones and bituminoussandstones exist in large quantities buthave not been mined as yet. Large de-



posits of cannel coal, valuable for theamount of oil which may be distilled fromthem, exist in Southern Utah.

SULPHURTh e argesf sulphur deposi t in the state

is tha t known as the Co ve Cre ek beds atMorrissey, about 20 miles n o r t h ofBeaver. These deposits were owned andoperated for years by the "Mormon"Church, bu t have since ~ a s sed nto thecontrol of private enterprise. The hold-ings of the present owners compriseabout 640 acres of sulphur-bearing land

which varies slightly in sulphur content.This deposit has been worked intermit-tently for more than forty years and i scapable of producing sulphur on a fairlylarge scale under favorab le conditions.

Another sulphur deposit is known inSan Rafael Canyon and has been de-scribed by the U. S. Geological Survey.This depos it is as ye t undeveloped.

GYPSUM

Large deposits of gypsum occur inseveral localities in the southcentral pa rtof Utah. N o t all of these deposits arewithin reach of transportation facilitiesa t the present time, bu t some o f themstand untouched as yet and will supplythe needs of generations to come.

There are two plants engaged in thetreatment of gypsum, their output con-sisting of dental, casting, finishing, lava,and hard plasters. These ~ l a n t s re lo-cated at Nephi and Sigurd on the lineof the Uio Grande railway. Some of theraw product i s also shipped out of thestate.

About 45,000 tons of gypsum aremined yearly and this output is valuedslightly less than $300,000.

LIME

The lime industry of Utah i s becoming

more and more important, and i s fastgrowing. Since 1925 the lime productionof the state has more than doubled, un-til at the present time about 45,000 tonsof lime are produced per year, with avalue of approximately $375,000.

SAND A ND GRAVEL

Utah's sand and gravel production isof considerable importance to the state.

While the output of sand and gravelnaturallv varies considerablv with build-ing anA construction coiditions, theaverage annual outp ut fo r Utah i s almost1,000,000 tons, with an approximate valueof $275,000.

CEMENT

There are three cement companies inthe state; the Portland Cem ent Com-pany of Utah with a plant at Salt LakeCity, built in 1890; the Union PortlandCemen t Company with a plant at Devil'sSlide, built in 1906; the Utah-Idaho Ce-ment Company a t Bakers, near BrighamCi tv . bu il t in 19 10.

fhbse ~ l a n t s re owned by three sep-arate companies. There i s a tota l invest-ment in three plants of about five milliondollars. The three ~ l a n t s mploy about200 men in direct labor. The total pro-

ducing capaci ty is abou t 1,600,000 bar-rels per year.

CLAY PRODUCTS

The clay products industry in U tah hast o do largely with common and face brickand hollow building tile, although sewerpipe and d r a i n tile production areimportant items. Other structural pro-ductions o f the Utah plants are pl atfor mpaving brick, flue lining, wall coping, roo f-ing tile, clay shingles, floor tile, art tilefo r mantels, store fronts, etc., and silicabrick and blocks and decorative forms.N o terra cotta or street paving brick areproduced at the present time, althoughthe latter is in contemplation and theformer should receive consideration duet o the tendency to employ terra co tta forexteriors of monumental buildings, storefronts and for decorative treatment of

residences and other buildings.The refractories produced include thesilica brick and blocks, already men-tioned, fire b r i k, assayers' muffles,crucibles, scorifiers, etc., and other likeproducts.



and expensive plants w e r e installed,among them being the Amour FertilizerCorporation, the Mineral Products Cor-poration, and the Aluminum, PotashCorporation.

The potash content of the alunite i sabout 11.5 per cent potassium oxide, 35

per cent aluminum oxide, 3.5 per centsilica, 38 per cent sulphur frioxide, and 12per cent water of crystallization. The alu-nite requires calcining to render itspotash content water soluble and afterleaching the product obtained i s sulfateo f potash, (K,SO,), a very desirable fe rti -

lizer and when pureit

d e m a n d s apremium pri ce in the markets.After the war the plants were shut

down, not because of the failure of +heprocesses but on account of the extremc-ly high freight rates to eastern andsouthern states where the consumption offertilizers is the greatest. The alunite de-posits of Utah constitute a valuable assetwhose future development as a sourceof domestic fertilizer supply awaits the

needs of agricultural requirements.

POTASH FROM WASTE

N o t only is it possible to obtain ferti-lizers from th e sources above mentioned,also from the mill tailings. For example,tailings from the Utah C oppe r Company

are finely ground and delivered to thedumps near the Great Salt Lake at thera te o f 40,000 tons per day. They containabout 6.5 per cent of potash. Investiga-tions leading t o the recovery o f thispotash content a re be ing carri ed on.

Ot he r non-metallics which occur in thestate, deposits of which are of sufficientsize and im ~o rt an ce o vermit of theirbeing develbped comme;cially, are phos-phate rocks, sodium sulphate, clays, sands,marble, diatomaceous earth, antimony,arsenic bentonitic clays, and slate. At th epresent time the lndustrial Department

of the Salt Lake City Chamber of Com-merce, the Utah Industrial DevelopmentAssociation, and the Department of Min-ing and Metallurgical Research of theUtah Engineering Experiment Station ofthe University of Utah are cooperating ingathering all possible information con-cerning the non-metallic resources of thestate and likewise in securing represenf-ative samples of these non-metallics. Inconnection with this work it i s expected

that in the near future the state will un-dertake a mineral survey which will havefor its obiect the obtaining of exact in-formation as regards the location andcomposition of all deposits, concerningwhich inform ation is now being collectedby the organizations above mentioned.

Inquiries SolicitedA s c a n b e r e a d i l y u n d e r st o o d , it h a s b e e n O t h e r b o o kl e ts is su ed b y t h e C h a m b e r o f

p o s si bl e i n t h e f e w p a g e s o f t h is b o o k le t t o C o m m e r c e o f S a lt L ak e C i t y a r e :m e r e l y c a l l a tt e n t i o n t o t h e m i n e r a l w e a l t h " U ta h -T h e U n ~ q u e , " a 36 p a g e b o o k l e to f U t a h ; t o a c q u a i n t t h os e w h o a r e n o t i n - g i v i n g g e n e r a l i n f o rm a t i o n c o n c e r n in g t h ef o r m e d o n t h e s u b j ec t , o f t h e m e r i ts o f U t a h e n t i r e s t a t e : " A g r i c u l t u r e a n d L iv e st oc k i nas a m i n i n g s t at e . F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n w i l l b e U t a h , " a 3 6 p a g e b o o k l e t ; a n d "S a l t L a k e C i t yg l a d l y f u rn i s h e d b y t h e S e c r e t a r y o f t h e M i n - a n d U t a h , " a f o l d e r o u t l i n i n g s ev en o n e - d a yi n g C o m m i t te e o f t h e C h a m b e r o f C o m m e rc e t r i p s i n a n d a r o u n d S a i t L a k e C i t y a n d t r ip so f S a l t L a k e C i t y t o a l l t h o se w h o w i sh t o f u r- t o U t a h s c e ni c w o n d e rl a nd s a n d t o t h e Tet on st h e r a c q u a i n t t he m s e l v e s w i t h U t a h a n d i t s a n d Ye l io w s t o n e N a t i o n a l P ark . I t is p l a n n e dm i n e r a l w e a l t h , as w i l l a ls o t h e S e c r e t a r y o f t o p r o d u c e l a t e r i n 1930 a b o o k l e t w h i c h w i l lt h e U t a h I n d u s t r i a l D e v e l o p m e n t A s s o c ia t io n , b e k no w n as " S al t L a k e C i t y- F a m e d f o r it so r t h e D i r e c t o r o f t h e U t a h E n g i n e e ri n g E x- B e a u t y a n d I n d i v id u a l i t y, " a n d a n o t h e r b o o k -p e r i m e n t S t a t io n o f t h e U n i ve r si ty o f U t a h . l e t , " Indus t r i a l Sa l t Lake C i ty. "



LIVING CONDITIONS

IN UTAH MINING TOWNSTHE best proof of the permanency of

Utah's mining i s given by the condi-tion of its camps, as a mining town i scalled. Gone are the days when eachminer carried h i s bedding and all hisearthly belongings on his back and sleptin a bunkhouse. At Bingham and Arthur,bo th Utah Co pp er camps, luxurious club-

houses equipped with every device forrecreation have been erected by thecompany. Copperton, a model town,consisting of brick bungalows with allmetal furnishings of copper, the ever-lasting metal, has been b uil t by the UtahCopper at the mouth of Bingham Can-yon on a site ideal for the purity of i t sair, the beauty of i t s outlook and highpercentage of sunshiny days. During1929 twenty-nine new buildings wereadded to the housing facilities for em-ployees and their families, thus extend-ing the fully demonstrated advantagesof this clean, sanitary and pleasantly sur-

rounded community near Salt Lake City.The Park Utah Consolidated Mines

Company, at Keetley, and the TinticStandard Company a t Dividend have alsoerected modern cottages, tennis courts,pictu re show houses, a golf course, stores,ice making plants, etc., and a t Tooele theInternational Smelting Company h a s

sponsored a home building campaignwhich has resulted in the e rectio n o f near-ly I0 0 new homes. A new hote l and offic ebuilding have also been constructed.

N o t only have the metal mining com-panies of the state been keenly alive toimproving the living conditions of theiremployes, bu t the coal mining companieshave likewise been active along this line.All in all, it i s believed that in no state inthe Union have the mining companiespaid more attention to the living condi-tions i n their mining camps than have themining companies of Utah. It s especiallyimpressive t o visitors.

UTAH TRAINING OF ENGINEERS IN MININGAND METALLURGY

THEeed for study and training inmining and m etallurgy was recognized

early in Utah educational development.One of the first acts of the pioneers,

afte r their arrival in the Gr ea t Salt LakeValley, in 1847, was t o establish schools.In 1850, only three years later, theyfounded the University of Deseret whichlater became the University of Utah. In1901, mining was recognized as an in-

tegral p a r t o f t h e state's industrialdevelopment, and the State School ofMines of the University of Utah was for -mally established by legislative action.Since that time such courses have beenoffered by the University as it was be-

lieved would best fi t young men for min-ing engineers or metallurgists, as i s donea t all mining schools of the country.

GRADUATE WOR K IN MININGA N D METALLURGY

Another distinctive feature o f t h eSchool o f Mines of the University of Utahis its Department of Mining and Metal-lurgical Research.

As has been stated by Mr. Louis S.Cafes, former vice president and generalmanager of the Utah Coppe r Companyand chairman of the advisory board tothe University of Utah on its mining andmetallurgical work, the solution, in the



The S t a t e School of Mines a t t h e U n i v e rs i ty of U t a h , S al t L a k e C i t y

future, of the problems concerning themining and metallurgical industry will de-pend upon industrial research, b a s e dupon fundamental research. In otherwords the industries, includ ing mining andallied industries, which o f course includesthe metallurgical industry, must depend

upon the scientists of our colleges anduniversities and upon the scientific bu-reaus of the Government, such as as theBureau of Mines, to furnish the funda-mental data th e industries n e e d indevising new processes or for increasingthe efficiency of existing ones. This i s es-sentially true of the mining industry andparticularly in metallurgy.

The Department of M ining and Metal-lurgical Research of the University ofUtah was established because of this fa ctand has striven ever since its inceptionin I9 13 to render that service t o the min-ing industry which will permit of i t sbecoming more efficient in its mining andmetallurgical operations and broaden thescope o f i t s usefulness.

Each year fiv e fellowships are awardedto college graduates who have had thenecessary training in mathematics, phys-

ics, and chemistry, as well as mining,metallurgy, or geology, depending onthe investigation which i s to be pursued.Since the establishing of the Depar tmentin 19 13, a total of 95 ellowships havebeen awarded by the Department. The

holders of these fellowships have comefrom 29 universities and colleges.

COOPERATION WITH U. S.BUREAU OF MINES

Utah is particularly fortunate in havingthe work of the Department of Mining

and Metallurgical Research of i t s En-gineering Experiment Station carried onin cooperation with the intermountainstation o f the U. S, Bureau of Mines.

In addition to the cooperafion whichthe Bureau carries on with the University,i t also maintains Economic and Healthand Safety Sections at i t s intermountainstation.

The work of the economic section hasto do with the gathering of statistics inthe Western states concerning the pro-duction of the metals and non-metallics.

During 1928, n recognition of Utah'simpo rtance as a mining center, th ebureau established a health and safetystation a t the intermountain station, thusmaking it one of the ten safety sta+ionswhich the Bureau has established through-out the country. The station at Salt LakeC i t y s especially well-equipped for emer-

gency rescue work, in case of mine disas-te r and for training in first aid.

Salt Lake City i s the greatest non-fer-rous smelting center in the world. Oresfrom nearly a dozen states are shippedt o this ci ty for reduction.



Utah's Production of Non-Fer rous Mei-als-I 860-1929

Gross Value........................................................l t a Ore Zone (N o 1929 data) $ 37, 1 , 015

................................................eaver County ( No 1929 data)............ 54,867, 08....................................................ingham ............................... : 916,547, 79

.....................................................................................ark City 280,582, 99.............................................................................................intic 324,750, 64

.....................................................ooele [No 1929 d a t a ) 67,079, 26..........................................................iscellaneous ( N o 1929 date) 23,969, 56

...........................................................................otal .$1,706,999, 47

METAL PRODUCTION OF UTAH'S LEADING CAMPS1929 S U M M A RY

Dividends$ 3. 19. 48

7.865. 042 19.452. 93

63.083. 355 .968. 19

5.160. 233.034. 23

Tons Gol d Silver(O re ) (Ounces) (Ounces) Copper Lead Zinc Value Dividends.

ingham 18,600, 00 160. 10 4.640. 00 3 1.900. 00 96.600. 00 43.600. 00 $70.647. 28 $32.847. 00

Park City 743. 00 2 . 800 6.420. 00 3.000. 00 84.700. 00 53.150. 00 13.328. 50 3.007. 3- Tintic 420. 00 42. 00 6.130. 00 2.800. 00 85.600. 00 750. 00 10.128. 1 2.294. 59

NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTION OF UTAH-1 9 18 - 1929(From Reports of U . .Bureau of Mines1

Gold Silver Copper Lead ZincYear Tonnage (Dollars) (Ounces) (Pounds) (Pounds) (Pounds)191 8 14,705, 18 $2,949, 70 13.455, 97 277,169, 30 167,008, 24 18,399, 17..........919 6,745, 23 2,159, 71 1 1,649, 61 124.061,807 123,829, 51 4, 3 , 024

..............................................920 6,800, 80 2,014, 56 13,106, 76 116,931, 28 140,838, 13 8,157, 39.........................................921..

2,137, 22 1,769, 05 12,251, 98 30,891, 03 89.187, 69 69, 90................................................922 5,560, 34 2,296, 55 17,271, 00 97,193, 50 135,332, 44 5, 19, 10

...............................................923 12,752, 98 3,076, 13 19,137, 70 222.393. 72 203,447.793 11,330. 131924 ........................................... 13,640, 18 3,028, 29 17,253, 92 242,138, 65 233,910, 75 18,562, 72

................................................925 14,479, 47 3,675, 43 2 1,276, 89 236,486. 40 306.669, 24 52, 1,7321926 ............................................. 15,856, 44 3,778, 46 19,358. 81 257,464, 82 295,270, 25 95,179, 80

..............................................927 15,757, 74 4.008. 53 18,606, 50 256.933, 78 302.570. 40 99, 85, 431928 ........................................ 18.427. 17 4.393, 93 17,072, 52 293.235. 39 291.830.02 93.857352

............................................929* 19,857. 00 4.803.000 17.749. 00 320.193. 00 286.817. 00 100.400.000

"Preliminary estimate U . 5 . Bureau of Mines on 1929 production

Value(Dollars)

$86.047. 9745.169. 2849.744. 3422.023. 9040.424. 99

66.472. 1166.227. 3782. 0 1.39482.662. 8473.626. 3279.258.90496.485. 00

Dividends(Dollars)

$19.301. 741 7 6 6.994.1 1 3 3.790.4.840. 675.004. 60

10.007. 069.979. 3512. 90.2 015.073. 6415.463. 1718.077. 9138.167. 17



MINERAL

RESOURCEMAP OF UTAH

E v e ry c o u n t y i n U t a h h a s i t s s t o r e o f m i n e r a l w e a lt h . A l t o g e t h e r ,210 d i f f e r e n t m in e ra l s a r ef o u n d i n t h is s t a t e , m o s i o f t h e m o c c u r r i n g i n t re m e n d o u s q u a n t i ti e s . S u c h c o pi ou sn e ss of m i n e r -

I a l d e p o s i ts as is i n d i c a t e d o n t h e m a p , i n su r e t h e f u t u r e i m p o r t a n c e o f U t a h as a m i n i n g s t a te .

I B O X E L D E R

I T O O E L E SA

i 4~~~ - co per G u / . ~ o Garnet coidIron i coo ' f i1m~fon e-M~ 16/~ w

Lea#- Pe fro/eu /iiRadhw RoodMn'/

Sandifone- Shale-I

i

S A N J U A N

C/oy - Goppc-r- C o r n e r Go/&

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L,rnes/one-/bfro/cum-/?dd;um &nodom

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THE HUB OF THE NON-FERROUS MINING AND SMELTING

INDUSTRY OF AMERICA

DISTANCES

S a l t L ak e C i t y t o B u t te (b y rail) 433 miles.S a lt L ak e C i t y t o D e n ve r (b y ra i l ) 616 miles .Sa l t Lake C i t y to Spr ing Garde n , 636 mi les.Sa lt Lake Ci ty t o Boulder Dam, 485 miles .

The area of 800,000 square miles embraced within this c i rc le , with Sal t Lake City as the center,

p rod uced in the l ast twenty years :79.87% of a l l th e GO L D ; 91.9% of all the SILVER; 53.61% of al l th e LEAD; 77.47% of a l lthe

COPPER; 26.55% of a l l the ZI N C , in th e Uni ted S tates , inc lud ing Alaska .

utah and its mineral wealth

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