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Morgan State UniversityDepartment of Industrial and System Engineering
Using System Analysis Methodology To Enhance Efficiency Of Best Management Practices For Capturing Stormwater–
Case Study; District Of Columbia
Mohammadreza Jabehdari, LeeRoy Bronner, Ph.D.
1
• Background
• Objective
• Method
• System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• Conceptual Model
• Use Case Model
• Object-Oriented Model – Problem Solution
• Conclusion
• References
2
Agenda
Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO):untreated sewage is discharged from a sanitarysewer into the environment prior to reaching sewagetreatment facilities.
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO):To avoid flood, regulators are designed to let theexcess flow, which is a mixture of stormwater andsanitary wastes, be discharged directly into the riversand creeks.
SSO
CSO
Stormwater3
Background
4
Background
D.C. Water (2018)
610
13
25
32
62
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Num
bers
of o
verf
low
Year
Location of the SSOs:
SSO
SSOs increasing trend since 2013:
D.C. Water (2018)
5
The environment and scope of the project:
6
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• Stormwater runoff pollutes river
• Usable water is wasted by allowing to
become stormwater
7
Problem Definition
Rain Waste water treatment plant
May overflowRiver or City
Combinedsewer system
Stormwater
8
Residential & industrial usage Drinking watertreatment plant
River City
High Level System Model
Precipitation
River
Impervious area
Waste water
Storm water
Drinking water
Residential user
Non-potable Water
Industrial user
Well-designed network of BMPs
Combined Sewer system
Separate Sewer system
Sewer
CSO
- Store water- Green space- Infiltrate- Delay to sewer
system
Non effectiveBMPs
No CSO
Can goes
9
Conceptual Model
Stormwater
SSOCity
City
Managers
Contractor
Researcher
10
Users
Stormwater management
Policy Stormwater BMP Sewer system
Prepare standard operation method and checklists to evaluate
contractors
Construct BMPs
Adapt the sewer system drains with designed
BMPs
Determine appropriate BMP based on the local
potential
11
Use case diagram
Simulate the amount of runoff for each node
Strategically design network of BMPs
12
Use case diagram - Water transfer infrastructureEnterprise Architect software:
- A graphical tool - Helps teams build robust and maintainable
systems
uc Primary Use Cases
Stormwater BMP
Determine appropriate BMP based on the local potential
Researcher
Strategically design network of BMPs
Manager
ContractorConstructe the BMPs
Simulate the amount of runoff for each nod
City
«include»
«include»
Stormwater management
Stormwater BMP
Strategically design network of BMPs:
1. Manager gives mission to city by new policies to capture stormwater.
2. City ask researcher for a comprehensive plan to capture stormwater.
3. Researcher simulate the amount of runoff stream for each sewer drain.
4. Researcher determine the best type of BMPs for each location based on the physical limits and runoff reduction.
5. Researcher prepare documents of required capacity of BMPs for given reliability.
6. City approves the requirements.7. Researcher design strategical network of BMPs.8. Researcher prepare type, location, size and material of the
BMPs for the City to give it to the contractors.9. Contractor builds BMPs using documents.10. City controls and approves.
13
Use Case Scenarios
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Object Diagram- Capture the Stormwater: object Capture the stormwater
Strategically design network of BMPs
BMPs document:Document
- Requeirments :char- Capacity required plan- Type of BMPs
+ clarify the requierments() :char+ support call for policy () :char
Contractor 1: Contractor
- Facilities :char- Equipment :char
+ Biuld the BMPs() :char+ Adapt the sewer drains () :char
Network of BMPs
- linked by their function :char - Capacity- gallon :int- Type :char- Size-area :int
+ Capture stormwater efficeintly()+ Avoid flood()+ Provide water to be used localy()+ Provide green space ()+ Provide ecosystem services()
Researcher 1 : Researcher
- Knowledge- Director
+ Manage other researchers()+ Collecte data() :char+ Design() :char+ Analyze() :char
DC :City
- Border :char- Stormwater :char- Combined Sewer system :char- Population :char- Sewage :char
+ Ruling the city () :char+ Build public places() :char
Stormwater manager: Manager
- Responsibility for capturing the stormwater :char
+ Managing () :char+ Policy making () :char+ Contractor selection () :char
Stormwater of scope: Stormwater
- Valume :int
+ Makes CSO() :char+ Makes SSO() :char+ Damage city () :char
Researcher 2 : Researcher
- Knows models
+ Collecte data() :char+ Simulate runoff() :char+ Analyze() :char
Make problems
Givesmisson
BMPs documents«flow»
Evaluates
Contracts
Asks for asolution
Prepars
Strategically design
Documents«flow»
Captures
Builds
Documents«flow»
ss Network of BMPs
BMP1
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP2
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP3
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP4
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP5
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:15 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP6
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP7
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP8
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP10
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP9
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
class Network of BMPs
BMP1
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP2
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP3
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP4
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP5
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:15 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP6
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP7
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP8
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP10
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP9
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
15
Network of BMPs
Hirschman et al. 2008.
16
Sewer system network
Using models:
- Probability of precipitation- Probability of runoff for each nodes- Highest capacity determine by the highest
precipitation- Desire reliability determine the required capacity for
BMPs.
There are some BMPs in this area but not adequate.
BMP “Pervious Parking” type
BMP “Bioretention ” type
17
Sewer System Network With Layout of BMPs
Green space
Parking lot
18
How Network of BMPs cover the area:
SSO
CSO
class Network of BMPs - Picture
BMP1
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP2
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP3
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP4
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP5
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:15 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP6
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP7
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP8
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP10
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP9
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
19
Nodes of the network class Network of BMPs - Picture
BMP1
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP2
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP3
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP4
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP5
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:15 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP6
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP7
- Location :int- Type: SW :char- Capasity:40 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP8
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP10
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
BMP9
- Location :int- Type: WS :char- Capasity:20 :int
+ Capture the water() :char+ Provide water () :char
20
Sequence diagram- Create new design for Road construction sd Capture the stormwater
:Manager :Researcher :ContractorDC City
«information»Document
«Physical ob...BMP
1.Manager gives the citymission to capture thestormwater ()
2.City ask researcher toprepare documents andrequierments () 3.Researcher
preparesdocuments()
4.City usedocument to enactpolicy ()
5.City gives call for newpolycies to the manager () 6.Makes contract and
gives the documents()
9.Contractorebuild the BMPsbased on thedocument andpolicy ()
10.City control andapprove the BMPs ifthey meet therequierments.()
21
Activity Diagram- Crate new design for road construction act Capture stormwater_Activ ityGraph
ContractorResearcherCityManager
Start
Manager giv es the city mission to capture the
stormwater
City ask researcher for a comprehensiv e plan to
capture stormwaterResearcher simulate the amount of runoff stream
for each sewer drain
Researcher determine the best type of BMPs for each
location based on the physical limits and runoff
reduction
Researcher prepare documents of required capacity of BMPs for
giv en reliability
City approv es the requirements
Researcher design strategical network of
BMPs
End
Researcher prepare type, location, size and material of the BMPs for the City to giv e it to the contractors
Contractor builds BMPs using documents
Final control
22
Conclusion and future research
Systems engineering is broadly concerned with the planning and management. Incorporating this
system with water management, can lead to the systematic solutions:
• Determine responsibilities of all stakeholders or users.
• Activity plan which is ready to be used by project managers for each specific section.
• Detail oriented with holistic view.
Thank you for your attention!
Question?
Email: [email protected]
Morgan State UniversityDepartment of Industrial and System Engineering
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REFRENCES
1. District of Colombia, Water and Sewer Authority
2. https://dcwater-opendata.socrata.com/Sewer-Infrastructure/SSO-2018/t8v6-xks8
3. Buede, D. M., & Miller, W. D. (2016). The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John
Wiley & Sons.
4. Tsang, Curtis, Lau, Clarence, Leung, Ying, “Object-Oriented Technology”,
5. McGraw-Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, 2005
6. Dennis, A., Wixom, B., Roth, R., “Systems Analysis and Design,” John Wiley and
7. Sons, Inc., Hoboken, N.J., 6th Edition, 2015.
8. Naval Systems Engineering Guide, October 2004.
9. Hirschman, D. J., & Kosco, J. (2008). Managing stormwater in your community: a guide for building an
effective post-construction program. Center for Watershed Protection.
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