USII – 6a

• Technology extended progress into all areas of American life, including neglected rural areas.

Improved Transportation (The Automobile) Led to:

• Greater __________:• Mobility

• Creation of _______:• Jobs– Henry Fords assembly

line

• Growth of transportation - related industries (road construction, oil, steel, automobile)

• Movement to ________ areas

• Suburban

Communication Changes

• Increased availability of ______________

• Telephones• Development of the radio

(role of _______) and broadcast industry (role of ___________)

• Guglielmo Marconi• David Sarnoff• Development of the

movies

Electrification• Labor-saving products

(e.g.,_______, electric stoves,_______pumps)

• Washing Machines• Water

Electrification

• Electric _________• Lighting• Entertainment

(e.g.,________)• Radio

Invention of the Airplane:THE _________BROTHERS

• Wright

Assembly Line - ________________

Henry Ford

USI – 6b

• Reforms in the early 20th century could not legislate how people behaved.

• Economic conditions and violence led to the migration of people.

Prohibition

• Prohibition was imposed by a _____________ ______________ that made it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcoholic beverages.

• Constitutional Amendment

As a result:

• Speakeasies were created as places for people to drink ______ ___________________

• Alcoholic beverages• _________________

smuggled illegal alcohol and promoted organized crime

• Bootleggers

• Prohibition was repealed by the ______ Amendment.

• 21st

The Great Migration North• Jobs for ________________in the South were scarce

and low paying.• African Americans• African Americans faced discrimination and violence in

the__________.• South• African Americans moved to northern cities in search of

better_____________________.• Employment Opportunities• African Americans also faced discrimination and

violence in the_________.• North

USII – 6c

• The 1920’s and 1930’s were important decades for American art, literature and music.

Art

• Artist known for urban scenes and later, paintings of the Southwest –

• Georgia O’Keefe

Literature

• Novelist who wrote about the Jazz age of the 1920’s-

• F. Scott Fitzgerald

Literature

• A novelist who portrayed the strength of poor migrant workers during the 1930’s-

• John Steinbeck

Music

• Composers who wrote uniquely American music –

• Aaron Copland• George Gershwin

TheHarlem Renaissance

• Harlem - is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center.

• Renaissance - A revival of intellectual or artistic achievement and vigor

Harlem Renaissance

• The Harlem Renaissance was a period of African American artistic achievement during the 1920’s and 1930’s in Harlem, New York

Painter who chronicled the experiences of the Great Migration North through art –

Jacob Lawrence

Literature

• Poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots –

• Langston Hughes

Music

• Famous jazz composers• Duke Ellington • Louis Armstrong

• Blues singer – • Bessie Smith

USII – 6d

• The optimism of the 1920’s concealed problems in the American economic system and attitudes about the role of government in controlling the economy

• The Great Depression had a widespread and severe impact on American life.

Causes of the Great Depression

• People _________on stocks, using borrowed money that they could not repay when stock prices crashed.

• Overspeculated– SPECULATION-putting money in a high risk investment with

the hope of making a profit

• The ___________failed to protect the banking system

• Federal Reserve– FEDERAL RESERVE– the central banking system of

the U.S.

High _______ strangled international tradeTariffs– TARIFF - is a tax imposed on goods when they are

moved across a political boundary

Impact on Americans

• A large number of banks and ___________ failed

• Businesses

• ________of workers were unemployed• 1/4th or 25%

• Large numbers of people were hungry and___________

• Homeless– Lived in Hoovervilles which were cardboard or

wooden shacks

• Farmers incomes fell to low levels because they were growing to much which drove prices down.

Major Features of the New Deal

• The New Deal was developed by President Roosevelt

• _____________was a program in the New Deal that still exists and gives money to the elderly/retired, unemployed, and disabled

• Social Security

• Federal _________ programs, such as the CCC, which gave unmarried men jobs

• Work

• ___________________ improvement programs, such as the TVA, which built 49 dams in 7 states to produce hydroelectric power.

• Environmental

• Farm assistance programs, such as the AAA, which paid farmers to produce less.

• Increased rights for ___________

• Labor

The New Deal

• The New Deal was ____________plan to use government programs to help the nation recover from The _________________

• FDR’s• Great Depression

USII – 7a: World War II

• Political and economic conditions in Europe following WWI led to the rise of __________ and to WWII.

• Fascism• The rise of fascism threatened peace in Europe and

__________.• Asia• As conflict grew in Europe and Asia, American foreign

policy evolved from ____________ to direct involvement.

• Neutrality/Isolationism

1. Causes of World War II

• A. Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from WWI– 1. Worldwide

• Depression

– 2. High war debt owed by • Germany

– 3. High • Inflation

– 4. Massive• Unemployment

• Rise of Fascism• Fascism is a political

philosophy in which total power is given to a _______________ and individual freedoms are denied

• Dictator

Rise of Fascism

• Fascist dictators included:–1. Adolph Hitler

(Germany)

2. Benito Mussolini (Italy)

3. Hideki Tojo (Japan)

● These fascist dictators led the countries that became known as the _______ Powers

Axis

The Allies

• Democratic nations (The United States, Great Britain, ______________) were known as the ____________.– Canada– Allies

• The Soviet Union joined the Allies after being invaded by ______________– Germany

Allies

• Franklin D. Roosevelt (United States at the beginning of the war)

Allies

• Harry S. Truman (United States at the end of the war)

Allies

• Winston Churchill (Great Britain)

Allies

• Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

Change in American Policy

• ______________ (Great Depression, Legacy of WWI)

• Neutrality/Isolationism

Change in American Policy

• Economic aid to _______________

• Allies

Change in American Policy

• Direct Involvement in the war

War In the Pacific

• Rising tension developed between the U.S. and Japan because of Japanese aggression in___________

• East Asia

War In the Pacific

• On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. at _________________

• Pearl Harbor without warning

War In the Pacific

• The U.S. Declared war on _______________

• Japan• Who declared war on

the U.S?• Germany

USII – 7b

• Despite initial Axis success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies persevered and ultimately defeated Germany and Japan.

• The Holocaust is an example of extreme prejudice and discrimination taken to the extreme.

Europe

• Germany invaded __________ setting of war in Europe.– Poland

• The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic Nations

Europe

• Germany invaded France, capturing ______________

• Paris

Europe

• Germany bombed London and the ______ _____________ began

• Battle of Britain

Europe

• The United States gave ____________ war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the _____________

• Britain• Caribbean

Europe

• Germany invaded the _________________

• Soviet Union

Europe

• After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, ________ declared war on the United States

• Germany

Europe

• The Soviet Union defeated Germany at _____________, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe

• Stalingrad

Europe

• American and Allied troops landed in __________, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe

• Normandy, France

Pacific

• ____________ bombed Pearl Harbor

• Japan

Pacific

• The U.S. declared war on __________, (and _______________).

• Japan• Germany

Pacific

• The United States was victorious over Japan in the ________________. This victory was the turning point of the war in the Pacific.

• Battle of Midway

Pacific

• A. The United States dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan, (_______________ and _______________) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending WWII.

• Hiroshima• Nagasaki

Holocaust

• _______________ is attitudes or actions against Jewish people

• Anti-Semitism

Holocaust

• _________ Supremacy is the belief that the blonde hair, blue eyed, white race is above everyone else

• Aryan

Holocaust

• Systematic attempt to rid Europe of all the __________.

• Jews

The Germans could use the following tactics against the Jews:

• ____________of Jewish stores

• Boycott• Threats• ____________• segregation

• Imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in _________ _________________

• Concentration Camps• Liberation by ________

of Jews and others in concentration camps

• Allied forces

USII – 7c

• WWII affected every aspect of American life

• Americans were asked to make sacrifices in support of the war effort and the ideas for which we fought.

Home Front

• American involvement in WWII brought an end to the __________________. Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war.

• Great Depression

Home Front

• Thousands of American women took jobs in defense plants during the war (e.g., ____________).

• Rosie the Riveter

Home Front

• Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing __________

• Resources

Home Front

• The need for more workers temporarily broke down some ____________ barriers (e.g., hiring in defense plants) although discrimination against ________________still continued.

• Racial• African Americans

Home Front

• While many Japanese Americans served in the armed forces, others were treated with distrust and prejudice, and many were forced into _______________.

• Internment Camps

Review• Despite initial Axis success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies

persevered and ultimately defeated ________ and _________.• Germany• Japan• Who were the Allies?• U.S., Great Britain, Canada, and the Soviet Union• The _____________ is an example of prejudice and discrimination

taken to the extreme.• Holocaust• WWII affected every aspect of ____________.• American Life• Americans were asked to make ____________ in support of the

war effort and the ideas for which we fought.• Sacrifices

What is…?

• Anti-Semitism – – Hostility toward or prejudice against Jews or Judaism

• Aryan Supremacy –– The belief that the Aryan race (Caucasian, Blonde-

hair, blue-eyed Northern Europeans) are better than other human races (especially, in regards to the Jewish race).

• Boycott – – to abstain from buying or using

Where is/are…?

• Hiroshima and Nagasaki – – Cities in Japan

• Midway – – Island in the Pacific between Hawaii and Japan

• Normandy – – City located on the northern coast (beaches) of

France

USII – 8a

• Learning from the mistakes of the past, the United States accepted its role as a world superpower, helping to rebuild Europe and Japan and taking the leading role in establishing the United Nations

United States Role as a World Leader

• Much of Europe was in ruins following World War II. ________________ occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of _______________.

• The Soviet Union• Germany • The U.S. felt it was in its best interest to rebuild

______________ and prevent political and economic instability.

• Europe

Rebuilding Efforts

• The U.S. instituted George C. Marshall’s plan to rebuild Europe (the ______________), which provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism.

• Marshall Plan

Germany was partitioned into East and West Germany

• West Germany became ____________ and resumed self government after a few years of American, _______, and _______ occupation.

• Democratic• British• French

Germany was partitioned into East and West Germany

• East Germany remained under the domination of the ______________ and did not adopt democratic institutions

• Soviet Union

Rebuilding Japan

• Following its defeat, Japan was occupied by ___________ forces.

• American • It soon adopted a

_____________ form of government, resumed self government, and became a strong ally of the _______________.

• Democratic• United States

Establishment of the United Nations

• The United Nations was formed near the end of WWII to ____________ ___________________.

• Prevent future global wars

Reasons for Rapid Growth of American Economy After WWII

1. With ________ of consumer goods over, business converted from production of ___ __________ to consumer good

1. Rationing2. War Materials

2. Americans purchased goods on_________.

2. Credit

3. The workforce shifted back to men, and most women returned to ______ responsibilities

3. Family

4. Labor unions ________ and became more powerful; workers gained new benefits and higher salaries.

4. Merged

5. As economic opportunity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of ________ entered the workforce in large numbers.

5. Women