Aspergillus niger

Principal fungus for the production of citric acid Used to produce glucoamylase. These enzymes can completely

breakdown starch and dextrin into glucose. Commercial production of lactase. These enzymes may be used free or

immobilized. Aspergillus enzymes have been immobilized on 0.5 mm dia porous silica for use in packed bed reactors

Glucose oxidase is produced in association of catalase by A. niger in a submerged aerated fermentation. This enzyme is commercially employed to remove glucose from egg white and whole eggs before drying, the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose prevents browning and deterioration of dried egg.

Produces proteolytic enz .commercial application-bating of hides in the leather industry. Also employed in textile industry.

Acid resistant amylase-used as a digestive aid. Produces pectinases –used for clarifying juices, removal of pectin, coffee

concentration ,extraction of olive oil Naringinase – removal of bitter taste from citrus juices. fermentation production of gluconic acid lipases –(split fats into di- or monoglycerides and fatty acids)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in baking(baker’s yeast) , brewing and wine making industrial alcohol, ethanol production Bioconversion of maize starch - (wet or dry milling processes

have been developed for maize processing to separate corn oil from starch. Extracted starch is subjected to gelatinization and saccharification and the resulting sugars can then undergo alcoholic fermentation. This is carried out by selected strains of S. cerevisiae.)

Commercial production of invertase (employed commercially to prepare invert sugar from sucrose), it is hygroscopic and hence, helps to maintain the moisture content of the product..(Confectionaries, to prevent crystallisation of sugar. chocolate) also used in paper industry.

Production of glycerol S. cerevisiae contain relatively high levels of the steroid ergosterol

and wool wax steroids are available in wool was( a by product of wool processing industry)