user manual apf woodbeam · user manuale - apf woodbeam user interface the following window will...

User ManualAPF WoodBeam

vers. 4

User Manuale - APF WoodBeam

IndexUSER INTERFACE...................................................................................................................................................3RIBBON MENU.........................................................................................................................................................5

Data............................................................................................................................................................................5Computations.....................................................................................................................................................6Tools............................................................................................................................................................................7Information...........................................................................................................................................................9

TOOL PANNEL........................................................................................................................................................10Structure...............................................................................................................................................................10Constraints...........................................................................................................................................................12Loads.......................................................................................................................................................................14

DIALOG WINDOWS............................................................................................................................................16Materials................................................................................................................................................................16Project Rules......................................................................................................................................................18Deflection Limits.............................................................................................................................................19Partial Factors for actions.........................................................................................................................19Partial Factors for materials....................................................................................................................21Factors for duration load..........................................................................................................................22Verification information in the event of fire...............................................................................23Load groups and design situation....................................................................................................25Computation settings................................................................................................................................27Unit of mesaurement.................................................................................................................................30Styles for the calculation report...........................................................................................................31Settings and global resources common to all applications............................................31

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USER INTERFACE

The following window will appear when starting up/powering the software.

Main windows of WoodBeam

It is divided into interactive working areas

The central area is dedicated to the design of the structure, its loads and diagrams to verify thestress. On the top side of this area is your tool panel which allows you to:

• SELECT ALL SECTIONS in which all calculations and loads will be shown for the entirestructure

• SELECT ONLY ONE ROW in which all calculations and loads will be shown for the relativesection of structure, thus allowing you to check the calculations and regulations appliedto the independent areas of the structure.

By right clicking row you can export desired images of the structure.

The tool panel allows you to enter and modify data for the project. Modifications are instantlyrepresented on the design and if the calculation settings are activated the sums will beautomatically updated and represented in the drawing and in the report.

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The results panel contains a Summary and the Report thus allowing you to check that all theproject requirements have been met. The values shown in this section represent the Rd/Edreport, in other words the project resistance/project action. They represent all partial coefficientsmade to the resistances and must therefore have a uniform value. You can then immediatelysee if the value is excessive (>1.0) or lacking (<1.0).

The ribbon menu allows you to open and save your project and you will be able to access thewindows relative to the structural data (coefficients, materialss).

The status bar contains summary information about the opened file like verification status, theoverall working time etc... by left clicking on the desired section.

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RIBBON MENU

Data

Allows you to enter and modify data for the project.

Ribbon menu with Data functions of WoodBeam

Gives you access to the list of materials

Manages standard technical rules that have to be applied. The user mustcheck the National Standard or National Eurocodes Annexes.

Set deformation limits of the beam.

Set the values for partial safety factors for actions.

Set the coefficient values for safety factors for actions, useful for generatingproject situations and load combinations.

Sets the coefficient values for the duration of loads.

Manages the settings for fire design, exposure times, fire protectivecladding.

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Creates new design situations and combinations of loads from scratch, ormodify existing load cases (change name, type, description).

Computations

Contains commands that enable you to perform the analysis and view the results ofWoodBeam.

Ribbon menu with Computations functions of WoodBeam

Executes the solver portion of the software. If the lock is pressed, theprogram performs the calculation every time you make a change to themodel.

Allows you to change the sum/calculation settings.

Checks the model for errors, and shows warnings before the execution.

Activate the characteristics of stress diagram: axial force, shear forxe andbending moment.

Activate diagrams to verify for axial force.

Activate diagrams to verify for shear force.

Activate diagrams to verify for bending moment.

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Activates diagrams to verify the instability.

Activate diagrams to verify the inflexion.

Activate diagrams to verify notches and support.

Enables you to choose which result diagrams to show on the screen.

Enables you to save the image currently shown on the screen. Lets youtype in the filename and choose the directory the picture should be savedin.

Enables you to save the drawing currently shown on the screen. Lets youtype in the filename and choose the directory the drawing should besaved in.

Enables you to save the report currently shown on the screen. Lets youtype in the filename and choose the directory the file should be saved in.

Tools

Provides access to a set of tools to utilize and personalize the software.

Ribbon menu with Tools functions of WoodBeam

Interrupts the current command or command procedure.

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Enables you to use the mouse to specify a zoomingregion, the portion you select will be enlarged.

Zooms to display the entire drawing.

Enables you to move your model on the plane of thescreen, in any direction.

Enables you to set the options for the deflection diagram.The analysis must be performed before selecting thiscommand. You can set the scale factor (used as amultiplier in the drawing), update the drawing, and saveit.

Enables you to set the options for the results report. Theanalysis must be performed before selecting thiscommand. You can set the font size, font family, updatethe report, and save it.

Allows you to set the format, precision and unit ofmeasurement to be used in displaying coordinates andother physical quantities.

Enables you to set the options for the results report.

Imports or exports the current local settings (units,docstyles, design parameters) to or from the globaldatabase shared between applications.

Allows you to change the language of the user interface.

Enables you to change or reset the look of the userinterface.

Changes the graphics of the user interface.

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Information

Contains commands that enable you to obtain help for the program and show the copyrightand registration information about your software.

Ribbon menu with Information functions of WoodBeam

To continue to use your product, you need to activate your software. Opensan Activation Wizard that gives you instructions on how to proceed. Showsthe licensing information, and the copyright information.

Opens the user guide in a web browser or pdf document.

Copyright information, product information and version number of theprogram is displayed.

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TOOL PANNEL

Structure

Contains commands that enable you to modify the geometry and mechanical properties of thestructure.

Structure menu and the sub categories

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Enables you to change the coordinates of extreme points of the beam. In this section you canchoose the material of the beam, and the size of the rectangular cross section. Choose materialfrom the choice menu based on the desired property. In case of thermal verifications it ispossible to enable such verifications to the structure. It is possible to define the rotational anglebased on longitudinal axis.

NB: any changes will consequently modify side parametres exposed to heat.

Allows you to enable or disable the far left notch, and to change its characteristics. Verificationsconform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.

Allows you to enable or disable the far right notch, and to change its characteristics. Verificationsconform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.

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Allows you to add, remove, and change the characteristics of intermediate notches, locatedalong the beam. Verifications conform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.

Constraints

These commands enable you to modify the location and kind of constraints. Relativeverifications conform to legislation EN1995-1-1 6.5.

Constraints menu and sub categories

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Allows you to enable or disable the far left constraint, and to change its characteristics. In thissection we can activate a default constraint type, or assign the desired stiffness to each degreeof freedom.

Allows you to enable or disable the far right constraint, and to change its characteristics. In thissection we can activate a default constraint type, or assign the desired stiffness to each degreeof freedom.

Allows you to add, remove, and change the characteristics of intermediate constraints, locatedalong the beam. In this section we can activate a default constraint type, or assign the desiredstiffness to each degree of freedom.

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Loads

These commands enable you to apply different types of external loading to the beam. Each loadmust relate to a group of actions that define its type and its duration.

Loads menu and sub-categories

Enables you to add, delete or modify the self-weight loads of elements included in the model asapplied loads. The volume and density of each element is used to automatically calculate its self-weight. You may choose the Load Group that will include the entered load.

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Enables you to add, delete or modify concentrated forces or moments along the beam. Theoffset define the loading positions over of the beam. You may choose the Load Group that willinclude the entered load.

Enables you to add, delete or modify distribuited loads along the beam. The loads are varyinglinearly along the beam length. The offset define the loading positions over of the beam. Youcan set the direction of the load. The projection define if the beam is to be projected on thebeam along the given axis. You may choose the Load Group that will include the entered load.

Enables you to add, delete or modify distribuited area loads along the beam. The loads arevarying linearly along the beam length and are calculated throught the definitition of theinterspace W0 and W1 of two elements. The offset define the loading positions over of thebeam. You can set the direction of the load. The projection define if the beam is to be projectedon the beam along the given axis. You may choose the Load Group that will include the enteredload.

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DIALOG WINDOWS

Materials

This section is dedicated to the properties of the structural material.

The Class Service box indicates the service class of the structure. This value consequently affectsthe verifications.

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In the Wood tab you can define the kind of wood desired as structural material for theconstruction. Each material is identified by an increasing index and by name. The chosenmaterials can be used to create the beam. The list to choose from must contain at least amaterial element otherwise the calculations and verifications will not be able to be carried out.Mechanical properties (fm,k,fm,k, E0,mean, ...) can be defined manually or by selecting thelightbulb icon and copying values defined by technical legislations that have preset resistances.

The Carbonization Speed tab defines the wooden materialss property under fire/heatconditions/stress. These properties are used to create the beam. The list to choose from mustcontain at least a “group property” element otherwise the calculations and verifications will notbe able to be carried out. The lightbulb icon allows you to copy values defined by technicallegislations that have preset resistances otherwise values can be defined manually.

The program uses the reduced cross section method for both unprotected and protectedsurfaces. Surfaces can be protected by fire protective claddings whose properties are defined bythe user. Carbonization velocity is measured in n, including angular and crack lenghth (k0, d0)βand resistance time, measured in minutes (exposure time) [EN 1995-1-2 3.4.2 e 4.2.2].

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Project Rules

This section is dedicated to the definition of national parametres which automatically applyeurocodes to the structure according to member state legislations.

The parameter value km [EN1995-1-1 6.1.6 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3.2), which has an effect of flexion,compression and traction, stability verifications, can be modified.

The parameter value kcr [EN1995-1-1 6.1.7] serves as a value for wood shear.

Note that this parameter must take into account the characteristics of timber hardwood andglulam [EN 338], [EN 14080].

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Deflection Limits

This window allow to define the maximum limits for the beam deflection. The values refers to[EN1995-1-1 7.2], and considers a single span beam or a cantilever beam. Values reported are theratio between inflection and beam lenght.

Partial Factors for actions

The panel refers to the list of partial coefficients for security verifications. Values are listed in atable divided into combination factors and partial coefficients for security actions. The values areset to recommended structural Eurocode; they are to be set to any Technical National Annexcodes relevant to the country of the future structure. The program will only take into accountthe new values from the time that they are changed. Any prior modifications will not be altered.

Combination Coefficients take into account minor probabilities of resisting a combination ofΨloads and actions [EN1990 chart A1.1].

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The Partial Safety Coefficients take into account the riskiness/vulnerability of the intensity ofγloads [EN1990 Tabella A1.2].

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Partial Factors for materials

This panel lists partial security factors which will be taken into account during verifications. Thechart [EN1995-1-1 chart 2.3] refers to partial coeffcient values regarding security in standardprocedures as well as in the event of fire. The values are set to recommended structuralEurocode; they are to be set to any Technical National Annex codes relevant to the country ofthe future structure. The program will only take into account the new values from the time thatthey are changed. Any prior verifications will not be altered.

Partial security factors take account of some safety coffection affecting the material.

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In the event of Fire the partial security coefficients become a specific value M,fi=1 [EN1995-1-2γ2.3]), whilst the correctional coefficient is uniform (kmod,fi=1 [EN1995-1-24.2.2 (5)]), thusintroducing parameter kfi [EN1995-1-2 2.3 (3)] to define fractile/fractionasation 20% of theresistance characteristics in standard thermal conditions.

Factors for duration load

This panel lists values relative to resistance and deformability that will be used in verifications[EN1995-1-1 Chart 3.1 and Chart 3.2]. The values are set to recommended structural Eurocode;they are to be set to any Technical National Annex codes relevant to the country of the futurestructure.

The program will only take into account the new values from the time that they are changed.Any prior verifications will not be altered.

kmod coefficients correct resistance values for wood so that humidity and time duration of loadare taken into account [EN1995-1-1 2.3.2.1]. These coefficients “penalise” resistances of longdurations and elevated humidity situations.

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kdef coefficients evaluate the deformability of wood under humid or viscous conditions[EN1995-1-1 2.3.2.2].

Verifcation information in the event of fre.

This panel takes into account conditions in the event of fire.

This list classifies the time of exposure in the event of a standard fire. Certain combinations haveto be set and the program will only take into account new values from the time that they arechanged. Any prior verifications will not be altered.

When listing the times in minutes, 30,60,90,120, you can automatically generate designsituation. The program will then propose combinations specific to each fire situation, at 30, 60,90 and 120 minutes.

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The list of fire exposure defines the various configurations in the event of the elementssexposure to fire. For each element you can configure its exposure, such as absence of cladding,side exposure, insulation material, and assign these configurations to the various areas andpoints of the structure. The list must contain at least one element. The lightbulb icon allows youto copy legislation values otherwise they can be set manually.

The following fire exposure conditions must be defined:

left side

exposure distance from the furthest point of the left side of the beam

right side

exposure distance from the furthest point of the right side of the beam

exposed sides

select sides exposed to fire: upper, lower, left, right

protective cladding

by deactivating this function the structure will not be protected and is otherwise exposed to fire when activated, the properties of the cladding must be defined: tch (carbonazation delay), tf (duration of the sealant), k2 (carbonisation relationship between tch and tf), k3 (carbonisation relationship between tf and times defined by technical legislation) [EN1995-1-2 3.4.3].

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Load groups and design situation

This panel is dedicated to the type of agents and combinations that can have effect on thestructure. For each combination there is a correspondent design situation meaning that thestructure must meet certain standards when analysed in certain conditions

The section dedicated to the Load Group contains the types of actions and conditions that thestructure can be subject to. Actions can be grouped into load categories such as concentrationand distribution. They must share a common denominator (self-weight, weight of snow, windexerced), have a common cause and contemporarily act upon the structure. The load groups aretherefore a way to unite common loads so that they can be analysed under variouscircumstances.

The groups can be defined by:

Name

id and description

Class

indication of duration, permanent, variable, exeptional, eccs [EN1990 4.1.1 4.1.2]

Category

identification of origin and nature [EN1990 chart A1.1]

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Class duration

category of duration - specific to wooden structures [EN1995-1-1 2.3.1.2 chart 2.1]

Coeffcient

numerical value that optionally multiplies the load intensities of a designated group; this function is optional and is generally set to 1.0

Personalisation of Ψ

this function is generally de-activated as the combination of coefficients is generally automatically set by the program according to load categories or technical legislations [EN1990 Tabella A1.1]; when the function is activated it means that the user has set the chart cells.

0Ψ

coefficient set by user; only used by the programme when Personalisation of is activatedΨ

1Ψ


2Ψ


Select Arrange Design Situation to enable the programme to automatically generate thedesign situation and its relative combinations of loads. Each situation is linked to acombination of actions and a series of conditions for the verification of the structures values.The situations are created according to the type of actions and its permutations. Theinformation for each situation is shown in the chart below and can be modified by the user. Thetimes of fire exposure (minutes) are expressed as a reminder and cannot be modified; they canbe defined in the panel dedicated to the fire resistance options.

The section dedicated to the Design Situation defines the conditions that the structure can besubjected to and are to be guaranteed by the planner, such as in circumstances of vertical loadwhere the structuress resistance is under pressure (ULS). The planner is also held responsible forthe fire resistance calculations (ULS), exposure time of 30 minutes, in which the stress load mustassume maximum value and avoid collapsing. An important situation to consider is thestructuress use (SLS), in which the loads are considered as probabilities and must perform to acertain degree of deformability.

Each Project Situation is defined by:

Name

identification and description

Class

class of the situation, permanent, transitory, exceptional or seismic [EN1990 3.1 e 3.2]

Partial factor (loads)

group of partial factor to use for certain load and for a combination of actions relative to

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the circumstance [EN1990 A1.3.1 and EN1997-1 A.3 A.4 A.5]

Limit state

The guaranteed limit of the circumstance [EN1990 6.4]

Physical condition

the actual condition of the structure

Class of duration

category specific to wooden structures [EN1995-1-1 2.3.1.2 chart 2.1]; when the programme automatically generates the situation (Prepare project situation button), the class of duration will be according to the main variable load or the shortest duration of action [EN1995-1-1 3.1.3].

Fire Exposure Time

the time of exposure to fire for a certain situation, expressed in minutes; this function is only useful if the Physical Conditions are defined as Fire otherwise, each fire verification section will correspond to a specific time.

Computation settings

This panel contains the options used by the software for calculations and verifications

The Beam Analysis section has the following options:

Finite Element Type

choose between Eulero-Bernoulli beam and Timoshenko beam. The Bernoulli hypothesis states that the sections are to be plane and orthogonal to the axis and is generally prefered in by the civil engineering field. The influence of the sliding of various sections, due to the shear, in an inflexion calculation does not need to be taken into account. However, in the context of wood, its higher E/G level compared to that of concrete or steel, means that its shear deformation reaches 10-20% of its flexion. This an important factor to take into account, therefore the Timoshenko approach is preferable and using the Euler-Bernoulli model for evaluations, confrontations and validations.

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Same Creep Behaviour

When activated, this function assumes that the structure is made up elements which share the same viscoelasticity.

● the elements are modelled by the appropriate mean value of elasticity [EN1995-1-1 2.3.2.2]

● the uist instant deformation is calculated by the appropriate mean value of elasticity combined with the action characteristics [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(2)]

● the final ufin deformation is calculated by overlapping viscoelastic ucreep deformation (evaluated through permanent action combinations) and instant uinstdeformation [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(3)]; by assuming that there is correlation between actions and deformations we can assume ufin = ufin,G+ufin,Q1+ ufin,Qi [EN1995-1-1 Σ2.2.3(5)]

● the elements are modelled according to the final mean value related to the appropriate elasticity module [EN1995-1-1 2.3.2.2]

● instant uinst deformation refers to the mean value of the appropriate module of elasticity combined with the characteristic of actions [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(2)]

● the final ufin deformation is calculated by overlapping viscoelastic ucreep deformation (evaluated through semi-permanent action combinations) and instantuinst deformation [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(3)]; long term deformation as a semi-permanentcombination is evaluated using the mean value of the appropriate module of elasticity [EN1995-1-1 2.2.3(4)] and ufin is obtained by overlapping this value with theinstant deformation value and the semi permanent combination of characteristics.

Combining actions

When this function is activated, the results are obtained by combining elementary actions,the loads applied to structure. Its properties are applied according to the project situation. For each project situation:

• an automatic model with finite elements is generated• elastic properties are used according to the conditions of the situation (kdef)• amplified/heavier loads can be applied depending on the situation (coefficient ) γ• stress loads and deformations for a given situation can be memorized.

In the other case stress and deformations will be defined for each group of actions which are then combined to fit each project action. The procedure is the following:

• a finite model is automatically generated• you apply the normal elastic properties• for each group action, hypothetically single, you must memorize stress and

deformation of structure• for each project situation, you memorize stress and deformation by combining

each group of actionsIn the first case you combine actions (loads), in the second case you combine the effects ofthe actions (characteristics of the stress). In case of superposition principle (linear system) both will have the same result.

The threshold Value contains:

Tolerance

used to round up numerical values

Threshold values

used to round up the value to nought, in case the effect of a dimension is negligible

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Upper limits

used to define the maximum numerical value of any size

The verification section has a series of options for each verification that the program executes.Some of these verifications can be omitted, for example when certain details are not inherent todownsizing the dimensions of the calculation report or when these calculations have beenfollowed up in another situation.

The Rd design resistance and the Ed design action ratio can also be modified, thus obtainingthe result of a verification.

All verifications are carried out by partial coefficient method, thus verifying the security byformal equation Rd/Ed≥1.0

The program can verify distinct permanent conditions (standard use), exceptional (fire) orseismic and that the ratio between these values is greater than the unity.

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Unit of mesaurement

In this panel you can set the units of measurement that you desire to use in the software.

They are divided into categories such as Actions, Material, Structure, etcs If a variable does notFIT into a specific category, the General sheet values will be used. The settings can be changedat any moment and these will immediately affect the user interface and any calculations madefrom then on. For each value you can change:

● its units of measurement

● rounding off for printed numerical values

● Amount of decimals for printed numerical values, for units of measurement or you canomit the decimals all together

● Decide how many decimals to take into account

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Styles for the calculation report

In this panel you can choose the styles to use in the calculation report of the software.

All elements and their categories can be personalized such as titles, paragraphs, tables, lists,images. The interface is intuitive so does not require particular explanations.

Settings and global resources common to all applications

This panel is used as a base for importation and exportation of current local settings (unit ofmeasurement, document styles, project parametres) from the global database common to allapplications. The following settings can be modified:

● table containing units of measurements

● document styles

● Eurocode parametres (codes defined by the local legislations)

This data is saved and shared with all the programmes so that if a software is already running orthe files are already saved they will not be affected by modifications.

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The Import button copies the global database settings into the running program and only for aworksheet that is currently open (unit of measurement, document styles, project parametres).

Once you have set parametres you can Export global database settings to any running programso that they all share common units of measurements, styles and Eurocodes.

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Reset brings all values back to their original (recommended and default) setting.

Modified settings will be saved on running programs and any changes or resets will only betaken into consideration if done before opening a software, and only after OK confirmation.

To import values from one software to another the Import function can be used.

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user manual apf woodbeam · user manuale - apf woodbeam user interface the following window will...

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