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S.No. Experiments/Demonstration Section Page No.
EXPERIMENT ON LAB EQUIPMENTS .......................................................................................... 5
1. To study different materials and equipments present or used in science laboratory ............................... 6
1. FOOD
2. To study different/various ingredients used in making tea .............................................................. 10
3. To study the presence of various nutrients in food ........................................................................ 11
2. MATERIALS
4. To study the burning of different fibres used in making cloth .......................................................... 16
5. To study the solubility of different materials or substances in water ................................................. 17
6. To separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids by using an improvised separating funnel ..................... 20
7. To separate a mixture of two solid substances, salt and sand, by using different methods ....................... 22
3. THE WORLD OF THE LIVING
8. To study the diffusion process ................................................................................................. 25
9. To study conduction of water by stem in a flowering twig ............................................................... 27
10. To show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis ............................................................... 28
11. To study different types of roots in plants .................................................................................. 30
12. To study the different parts of a flower ...................................................................................... 32
13. To study the onion peel cells ................................................................................................... 33
14. To study that carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during respiration ..................................................... 35
4. MOVING THINGS, PEOPLE AND IDEAS
15. To develop the skill of measuring the capacity of some commonly used container such as cup .................. 37
5. HOW THINGS WORK
16. To study the various solid material strips as good or bad conductors of heat ........................................ 39
17. To study the behaviour of two bar magnets when brought near each other .......................................... 41
6. NATURAL PHENOMENA
18. To study that the pressure exerted by a liquid increases with its depth .............................................. 43
7. NATURAL RESOURCES
19. To observe the difference in the water holding capacities of different types of soil ................................. 45
20. To demonstrate the effect of atmospheric pressure on a plastic bottle ................................................ 46
21. Air (Oxygen) is necessary for burning (combustion) ...................................................................... 48
Response (Answer) Sheet for Multiple Choice Questions ............................................................ 50
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions .................................................................................... 50
Section-I
3
Section-II
1. FOOD
A. Active Learning Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 53Activity– 1. Ingredients used in food ............................................................................................................................. 53
2. From field to home ..................................................................................................................................... 533. Making sprouts of gram/mung ................................................................................................................... 544. Separating sand from water ...................................................................................................................... 54
B. Tools of Assessment (Project, IT presentation, Chart making, Seminar).......................................................... 55C. Techniques of Assessment—Worksheets 1 and 2 .................................................................................................... 57
2. MATERIALS
A. Active Learning Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 59Activity– 1. Passing of light through materials ............................................................................................................ 59
2. Expansion of solids on heating .................................................................................................................. 593. Solubility increases with temperature ......................................................................................................... 60
B. Tools of Assessment (Group discussion, Field survey, Science quiz) ................................................................. 60C. Techniques of Assessment—Worksheets 3 and 4 .................................................................................................... 61
3. THE WORLD OF THE LIVING
A. Active Learning Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 63Activity– 1. Measuring the breathing rate .................................................................................................................... 63
2. Transpiration in plant ................................................................................................................................ 633. To study that joints are important ............................................................................................................ 63
B. Tools of Assessment (Group discussion, Action plan, Research) ........................................................................ 64C. Techniques of Assessment—Worksheets 5 and 6 .................................................................................................... 65
4. MOVING THINGS, PEOPLE AND IDEAS
A. Active Learning Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 67Activity– 1. To measure the length of a given article—pencil ...................................................................................... 67
2. Measurement by using human body parts ................................................................................................ 673. Measurement with a scale and tape .......................................................................................................... 684. Measurement of a curved line–by thread and divider .............................................................................. 68
B. Tools of Assessment (Chart making, Group discussion, Data collection) ......................................................... 69C. Techniques of Assessment—Worksheets 7 and 8 .................................................................................................... 70
5. HOW THINGS WORK
A. Active Learning Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 72Activity– 1. Making a quiz board ................................................................................................................................... 72
2. To test the conductivity of different substances ........................................................................................ 723. To magnetise a needle and make a compass ............................................................................................. 73
B. Tools of Assessment (Discussion in pairs, Search) ................................................................................................ 73C. Techniques of Assessment—Worksheets 9 and 10 .................................................................................................. 74
6. NATURAL PHENOMENA
A. Active Learning Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 76Activity– 1. To identify the objects as opaque, transparent and translucent .............................................................. 76
2. Observation of shadow on a screen ............................................................................................................ 763. To study condensation, evaporation and ice formation ............................................................................. 76
B. Tools of Assessment (Newsreport writing, Model making, Group discussion) ................................................ 76C. Techniques of Assessment—Worksheets 11 and 12 ................................................................................................ 77
7. NATURAL RESOURCES
A. Active Learning Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 79Activity– 1. Plant growth ............................................................................................................................................... 79
2. Air/oxygen is necessary for burning .......................................................................................................... 793. Vermicomposting in school ......................................................................................................................... 804. Making handmade paper ........................................................................................................................... 81
B. Tools of Assessment (Group discussion, Field survey, Debate) ........................................................................... 82C. Techniques of Assessment—Worksheets 13 to 15 ................................................................................................... 83
* Criteria for Assessment and Suggestive Remediation ............................................................................................... 86
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Saraswati Lab Manual Science–VI 5
EXPERIMENT ON LAB EQUIPMENTS
INTRODUCTIONLaboratory is a place where the necessary equipment (apparatuses), chemicals and requiredfacilities are available/needed by a science student and teacher to perform the experiments. Inshort, it is known as Lab.
It is the place where one tests his/her knowledge obtained from books, observations etc. anduses it to find answer to some problems. One gets opportunity to learn the science by performingexperiments. A science student cannot do or learn without a laboratory. It is a very important placeas many inventions, discoveries have emerged from places like this.
WHAT YOU NEED?Before going into laboratory (Lab), you need certain things that will help you to study/perform theexperiments.
1. A laboratory note book/file to take down instructions given by the teacher for doing theexperiment.
2. Pen, pencils (HB), eraser, razor blade, scale etc.3. During section cutting or slide making, you need — scissors, forceps (00 No.), dissecting needles,
brush, dropper, a piece of cloth.4. Always reach the lab in time.
Take the allotted seat, do not waste time in roaming around in the laboratory, disturbing classmatesand avoiding teacher’s instructions.
WHILE WORKING IN LABORATORY1. Occupy your allotted seat.2. Carefully listen or note down the instructions given by the teacher. Always be attentive.3. Read the experiment to be done before you start the work /experiment.4. Ask or collect the materials from the laboratory attendant and return them after completing
your experiment.5. Carry on the work without disturbing others. However, you should take guidance from the
teacher and at the end of experiment show your result whether it is correct or not.6. Take care of instruments, glasswares and chemicals. Use them carefully.7. Keep your table clean.
MAKING A PRACTICAL RECORD FILE
I. Maintenance of Record
1. After each work done in laboratory, it is properly recorded. The details, observations, procedure,experiment etc. are written on the writing sheet. Writing or recording observations is done onleft hand side sheet only. Write neatly and precisely with blue or black ink pen.
2. Refer the practical book for writing. On the drawing sheet (right side), the diagram is drawnwith pencil without shading. Neat and well labelled diagrams carry weightage.
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3. Mention the day, date and get it checked when the work is complete. Keep your record maintainedneat and tidy. Marks are allotted/given for complete and properly maintained record file.
II. Recording of observation of slides (Temporary or Permanent)1. While writing the observations, write the brief description of the structure in small sentences
under heading—Comments.2. Write maximum five points.3. A neat and well labelled diagram should be drawn.
Note. The procedure of making slides is not written.
A GOOD RECORD FILE1. It is properly covered with brown or any coloured chart paper. With your name, class, section,
session and your roll no., on a label.2. A complete index page with details and teacher’s signature.3. Practical sheets must be written properly.4. All experiments/records completely checked in a sequence.
EXPERIMENT–1
AIMTo study different materials and equipments present or used in science laboratory.
MATERIALS NEEDEDDifferent materials and equipments present or used in science laboratory. Such as—Glasswares,magnifying instruments, measuring instruments, chemicals etc.
HOW TO DO IT1. Observe the different materials and equipments kept in the science laboratory.2. Ask the teacher about its use/work in the science laboratory.3. Write your observations on the writing sheets as given and draw its neat and labelled diagram.4. After completing your work, get it checked by your teacher.
OBSERVATION1. Glasswares. There are different and many glasswares present in the science laboratory such as:
(a) Test tube. It is a tube like glassware opened at one end and closed at another. It has thediameter of the size of a finger and it is 10 cm in length. It is used for conducting chemicalreactions in it. It must be clean and dry for use and after use it must be cleaned and keptinverted in the test tube stand.
(b) Beaker. It is a cylindrical glassware of different sizes, e.g., 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml. It isused for many purposes such as boiling of liquids.
(c) Conical flask. It is a conical shaped glassware used for storing, boiling or transferringliquids from one container to another. It has many more uses.
(d) Funnel. It is a conical shaped glassware with a stem or tube. It is used to pour the liquidsin small containers like bottles and in filtration also.
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Fig. 1 Some materials used in science laboratory
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2. Measuring Instruments(a) Measuring Cylinder. It is a cylindrical glassware of different volumes used for measuring
liquids. It has a scale marked on it. We must see at right angle for correct measurement ofthe liquid.
(b) Pipettes. It is a small measuring instrument used to measure a known volume of liquidand to pour it in the test tube.
(c) Thermometer. It is a measuring instrument used for measuring temperature. It is madeup of glass and it has mercury. It is also called boiling thermometer as it is usually usedto measure the boiling points/temperature of liquids.Room temperature is measured by other type of thermometer.
3. Magnifying Instruments(a) Hand lens. A simple magnifying instrument made up of a ‘Convex lens’ and a handle.(b) Microscope. A simple microscope/compound microscope is used for observing slides and
small objects. It must be used with the help of teacher.4. Other Materials/Instruments
(a) Test tube stand. It is used to keep the test tube in it after use. The test tubes are keptinverted in it for use.
(b) Test tube holder. It is used to hold the test tube while heating the contents in it.(c) Gas burner or Spirit lamp. It is used for heating.(d) Chemicals. There are many chemicals such as acids, bases and other chemicals in lab.
They must be used in presence of teacher only.(e) Tripod stand. It is a stand with three legs and a triangular frame. It is used to keep a
beaker or a conical flask over it.(f) Wire gauze. It is a wire mesh with a asbestos sheet attached to it. It is kept over the tripod
stand to keep beaker/flask before heating.(g) Slide. It is a small rectangular piece of glass slide used to keep small objects and observe
it under the microscope.
BE CAREFUL1. Use the materials carefully as instructed by the teacher.2. Keep the apparatus back after finishing the experiment.
VIVA VOCE
1. Name two glasswares used in science laboratory.Ans. (1) Test tube and (2) Beaker.
2. What is the use of test tube?Ans. Test tube is used to perform chemical reactions in it by using chemicals.
3. Which instrument is used to measure temperature?Ans. Thermometer.
4. Which instrument is used to observe very small objects or slides?Ans. Microscope.
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5. What is the use of measuring cylinder?Ans. It is used to measure liquids volume.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Test tube is(1) Rectangular (2) Tube like (3) Conical (4) Closed
2. Beaker is(1) Conical in shape (2) Cylindrical in shape(3) Tubular in shape (4) Funnel shaped
3. Microscope is used to observe(1) Small organisms (2) Slides (3) Cells (4) All of these
4. Funnel is used for(1) Filtration (2) Boiling (3) Sedimentation (4) Cooling
5. A glass slide used to study under microscope is(1) Small (2) Rectangular (3) Both (4) None of these
Give your answer in the attached response sheet and check it from the answers given.
Saraswati Lab Manual Science–VI10
EXPERIMENT–2
AIM
To study different/various ingredients used in making tea.
MATERIALS NEEDED
(1) Beaker, (2) Tripod stand, (3) Wire gauze, (4) Gas burner, (5) Matchbox, (6) One cup water,(7) Two tablespoon sugar, (8) One small spoon tea leaves and (9) Little milk.
HOW TO DO IT
1. Take a cup of water in a clean and dry beaker.2. Add a small spoonful tea leaves and two spoonful sugar.3. Keep the beaker over a tripod stand after keeping a wire gauze.4. Heat the contents in beaker till it boils.5. When the boiling water turns golden brown, add little milk and boil again till a colour is obtained.
Fig. 1.1 Making of tea
OBSERVATION1. Water turns golden brown after boiling it with tea leaves.2. Mixing of milk makes it light brown.
CONCLUSIONTea is made by use of ingredients.
Note.(a) Many more ingredients are added to tea to make it tasty. Such as—(1) Crushed ginger
(2) Crushed cardamom seeds, (3) Cinnamon, (4) Tulsi leaves, (5) Saunf etc.
11 FOODFOOD
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(b) Kashmiri tea is called Kahwa. It is made by using many ingredients, find out yourself fromyour teacher.
Observation TableIngredients used in making tea
S.No. Ingredients from plant source Ingredients from animal source
1.
2.
3.
4.
BE CAREFUL1. Do not place the beaker directly on the tripod stand and flame.
VIVA VOCE
1. How many ingredients are usually used/in common used for making tea?Ans. Four.
2. Why are tea leaves added to boiling water?Ans. Tea leaves release their contents in boiling water.
3. What is lemon tea?Ans. It is a tea with few drops of lemon juice/lime juice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
6. Why is water boiled to make tea?(1) To make it hot (2) To make tea(3) To extract contents or tea leaves (4) I do not know.
7. Minimum ingredients used to make a tea are(1) One (2) Two(3) Three (4) Four
Give your answer in the attached response sheet and check it from the answers given.
EXPERIMENT–3
AIMTo study the presence of various nutrients in food.(a) Test for presence of sugar (Carbohydrate) in food solution.(b) Test for presence of starch (Carbohydrate) in food. Carbohydrate provides energy to the body.
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MATERIALS NEEDED(a) (1) Test tubes, (2) Sugar, (3) Water, (4) Benedict’s solution, (5) Dropper (6) Gas burner and
(7) Matchbox and (8) Test tube holder.(b) (1) Test tube, (2) Little atta (wheat flour-maida), (3) Water and (4) Iodine solution.
OR(1) Potato, (2) Knife, (3) Dropper and (4) Iodine solution.
HOW TO DO IT
(a)Test for Sugar1. Take a little foodstuff and crush it in a mortar with a pestle and add little water to make a
solution. It is called foodstuff solution.OR
1. Take a little sugar in a test tube and add little water to dissolve it to make a solution.2. Add 4-5 drops of Benedict’s solution to the foodstuff solution.3. Heat it over the flame. Note the observation.
Fig. 1.2 Test for sugar
(a) Observation table. Test for presence of sugar in foodstuff solution.
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Foodstuff solution or sugar solution +4-5 drops of Benedict’s solution.
2. Heat the contents over a flame for Reddish brown colour Sugar is present.2-3 minutes. obtained.
Conclusion. The food material (stuff) has sugar in it.
HOW TO DO IT
(b) Test for Starch
1. Take a little wheat flour/atta/maida in a dry test tube and add little water to make thefoodstuff solution.
Saraswati Lab Manual Science–VI 13
2. Now add a few drops of iodine solution with a dropper.OR
1. Take a potato and cut it into two or more pieces.2. Put a drop of iodine solution with a dropper on the cut surface.
(b) Observation table. Test for starch.
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Foodstuff solution in a dry test Blue-black coloura- Starch present.tube + 4-5 drops of iodine solution. tion.
2. Cut pieces of potato + few drops of Blue-black coloura- Starch present.iodine on the cut surface. tion.
Fig. 1.3 Test for starch
Conclusion. The food material (stuff) has starch in it.(c) Test for presence of protein in food solution.(d) Test for presence of fat/oil in food solution. Protein. It is a body building and oil is a energy providing nutrient to the body.
MATERIALS NEEDED(c) (1) Test tube (2) Gram seeds/(baisen) (3) Blue vitriol solution (4) Caustic soda solution and
(5) Dropper.(d) (1) White paper (2) Hammer and (3) Mustard/peanut/almond seeds/dry coconut pieces.
HOW TO DO IT(c) Test for Protein
1. Take the foodstuff solution by taking little crushed gram seeds/(baisen) in water.2. Add two drops of blue vitriol (copper sulphate) solution and then add 7-8 drops of caustic soda
solution.3. Shake the contents of the test tube. Observe the changes.
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(c) Observation table. Test for protein in food solution.
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Foodstuff solution in a dry testtube + 2 drops of blue vitriol solution.
2. Then add 7-8 drops of caustic soda Violet colouration Protein is present.solution. is obtained.
3. Shake the contents.
Fig. 1.4 Test for protein
Conclusion. The foodstuff has protein in it.
HOW TO DO IT(d) Test for Fat/Oil
1. Crush a few mustard seeds/almond/dry coconut pieces in a fold of paper and see for the app-earance of greasy (oily) spots on paper.
Conclusion. The seeds have fat or oil in it.Result. Foodstuff has nutrients.Write the experiment and observation table and draw the diagrams.
Fig. 1.5 Test for fat
Note. Any other food materials can be used for above tests.
Saraswati Lab Manual Science WithFormative Tools Class-VI
Publisher : SChand Publications ISBN : 9788173356292 Author : Rajesh Kumar
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