use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting
DESCRIPTION
Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting . Jessica C. Ramella-Roman, PhD. Short Bio. Laura in Electrical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy (93) MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from Oregon Health & Science University (04) Advisor Steve Jacques - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting
Jessica C. Ramella-Roman, PhD
![Page 2: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Short Bio
• Laura in Electrical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy (93)
• MS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from Oregon Health & Science University (04)– Advisor Steve Jacques– Thesis on use of polarized light inbiophotonics
• Post doc at Johns Hopkins, APL (04,05)– Polarized light interaction with rough surfaces
![Page 3: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Short Bio cnt.
• Associate Professor in Biomedical Engineering (05-present) at CUA
• Adjunct A. Prof. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (06-present)
• Guest Researcher NIST (04- present)• Research – faculty.cua.edu/ramella– Tissue oximetry, retina, skin using reflectance
spectroscopy and MI– Small vessel Flowmetry and structural analysis– Polarized light imaging and sensing for the detection of
skin cancer, vascular abnormalities
![Page 4: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Course outline
• Lecture 1- Introduction and fundamentals of polarimetry
• Lecture 2- Experimental Stokes and Mueller matrix polarimetry
• Lecture 3 – Modeling – Monte Carlo 1• Lecture 4 – Modeling – Monte Carlo 2• Lecture 5 – Clinical applications of polarized
light sensing
![Page 5: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
64Polarized light in bio-photonics
•Filtering mechanism•Skin cancer imaging• Imaging of
superficial features•Vasculature•others
*JBO 2002
![Page 6: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
53% absorbed
~4% parallel surface glare
~2-4% parallel, sub surface
100% parallel incidence
unpolarized40%
Epidermis
papillary dermis
reticular dermis
Filtering mechanism 64
x
y
![Page 7: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
64
53% absorbed
~4% parallel surface glare
~2-4% parallel, sub surface
100% parallel incidence
unpolarized40%
Epidermis
papillary dermis
reticular dermis
Filtering mechanism-surface glare 64
x
y
![Page 8: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
64
53% absorbed
~4% parallel surface glare
~2-4% parallel, sub surface
100% parallel incidence
unpolarized40%
Epidermis
papillary dermis
reticular dermis
Filtering mechanism-single scatteringCopolarized
64
x
y
![Page 9: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
64
53% absorbed
~4% parallel surface glare
~2-4% parallel, sub surface
100% parallel incidence
unpolarized40%
Epidermis
papillary dermis
reticular dermis
Filtering mechanism-multiple scattering
Crosspolarized
64
x
y
![Page 10: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
64Polarized light imaging of skin cancer
H
H & V
![Page 11: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
par per
par per
-
+Polarized image =
Par = Superficial + DeepPer = Deep
Enhance superficial structures such asskin cancer margins
![Page 12: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
64Polarized imaging: Basal-Cell Carcinoma
Unpolarized Polarized
![Page 13: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
compound nevus
1-cm ruler
normal pol
![Page 14: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
frecklenormal pol
![Page 15: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
tattoo
![Page 16: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Imaging of superficial features
•Polarization signature of roughness •Cosmetic industry and
rendering community •Skin cancer
Fresnel Reflection
γαα
θi
θs
AirSkin top surface
![Page 17: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 201117
Vasculature enhancement
53% absorbed
~4% parallel surface glare
~2-4% parallel sub surface
100% parallel incidence
unpolarized40%
capillary
transillumination
![Page 18: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Other techniques that use polarization
• Mueller matrix imaging - colon cancer– De Martino et al. Opt. Exp. 2011
• Polarized light scattering spectroscopy – eliminate multiple scattering with co/cross polarized layout– V. Backman et al. Nature 2001
• PS OCT – birefringence / structural components– De Boer, Opt. Exp. 2005
• Particle sizing • (….)
![Page 19: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Polarization fundamentals
![Page 20: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Polarization basics
• Polarization is a property that arises out of the transverse (and vector) nature of the electromagnetic (EM) radiation
• It describes the shape and the orientation of the locus of the electric field vector (Ε) extremity as a function of time, at a given point of the space*.
*Ghosh et al. JBO 2011
![Page 21: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Electric Field vector (EM)
€
Ex z,t( )=Eox cosωt−kz+δx( )
Ey z,t( )=Eoycosωt−kz+δ y( )
Eox
Eoy
X
Y
Z
Eδx, δy =phasesω =light frequencyk = 2p/lEox,Eoy, =magnitude of electric fieldl =wavelength of light in free space
![Page 22: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Polarization Ellipse
2E0y
h x
y
2E0y
€
Ex z,t( )2
E0x2
+Ey z,t( )
2
E0y2
−2Ex z,t( )Ey z,t( )
E0xE0ycosδ =sin2δ
![Page 23: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Jones vector formalism
€
E =Ex
Ey=Eoxe
iδ x
Eoyeiδ y
Advantages:- Measurement of coherence and time dependent phenomena- Speckle based techniques
Disadvantage-Cannot handle depolarization
δx, δy = phasesEox,Eoy, = magnitude of electric field
![Page 24: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Jones matrix
• Polarized transfer of light – interaction with a medium
• J is a 2x2 complex matrix
€
′ E =JE′ E x′ E y=J11 J12J21 J22
Ex
Ey
![Page 25: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Stokes vector formalism
• Intensity based representation• Characterize the polarization state of light• E0x, E0y, Cartesian electric field component• δ=δx-δy phase difference
€
S=
IQUV
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥=
ExEx* +EyEy
*
ExEx* −EyEy
*
ExEy* +EyEx
*
i ExEy* −EyEx
*( )
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥=
E0x2 +E0 y
2
E0x2 −E0 y
2
2E0xE0 ycosδ2E0xE0 ysinδ
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
![Page 26: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Stokes vector formalism
• Four measurable quantities (intensities)• Characterize the polarization state of light• G.G. Stokes (1852)
Advantages:- Handles depolarization- Easy experimental application
Disadvantage- Cannot handle coherence
€
S=
IQUV
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥=
IH + IVIH −IVI 45 −I−45I R −IL
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
![Page 27: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Stokes vector formalism
• Four measurable quantities (intensities)• Characterize the polarization state of light• G.G. Stokes (1852)
• Restriction on the Stokes parameters
€
I ≥ Q2 +U 2 +V 2
![Page 28: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Poincaré sphere
• A geometrical representation of Stokes vectors
• Sphere with unit radius• Linearly polarized states
are on the equator• Circularly polarized
states are at the poles• Partially polarized states
are inside the sphere
![Page 29: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Linearly polarized light
€
J 1 0
⎡ ⎣ ⎢
⎤ ⎦ ⎥
S
1 1 0 0
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
= E0x
= E0y
![Page 30: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Linearly polarized light
€
J 0 1
⎡ ⎣ ⎢
⎤ ⎦ ⎥
S
1 −1 0 0
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
= E0x
= E0y
![Page 31: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Linearly polarized light
€
J 1 1
⎡ ⎣ ⎢
⎤ ⎦ ⎥1
2
S
1 0 1 0
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
![Page 32: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Linearly polarized light
€
J 1 −1
⎡ ⎣ ⎢
⎤ ⎦ ⎥1
2
S
1 0 −1 0
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
= -E0x
![Page 33: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Circularly polarized light
€
J 1 i
⎡ ⎣ ⎢
⎤ ⎦ ⎥1
2
S
1 0 0 1
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
![Page 34: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Circularly polarized light
€
J 1 −i
⎡ ⎣ ⎢
⎤ ⎦ ⎥1
2
S
1 0 0 −1
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
![Page 35: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Unpolarized light
• Unpolarized light cannot be described through a Jones vector
• Stokes vector and Mueller matrix formalism is mostly used in biophotonics
€
S
1 0 0 0
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
![Page 36: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Mueller matrix
€
I oQo
U o
V o
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥=
m11 m12 m13 m14
m 21 m22 m 23 m24
m 31 m32 m 32 m34
m 41 m 42 m 43 m 44
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
I iQi
U i
V i
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
€
So[ ] = M[ ] Si[ ]
i, inputo, output
![Page 37: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Mueller matrix cnt.
€
So[ ] = Mi[ ] Mi−1[ ] ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅M2[ ] M1[ ] Si[ ]
i, inputo, output
Multiple Mueller Matrices Mi
![Page 38: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Scattering matrix
• Mie theory• Spheres, spheroids,cylinders
D=0.01µm
€
I oQo
U o
V o
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥=
s11 s12 0 0s12 s11 0 00 0 s33 s430 0 s−43 s33
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
I iQi
U i
V i
⎡
⎣
⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢
⎤
⎦
⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
Scattering must be in reference plane If not Stokes vector must be rotatedonto that plane
![Page 39: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Mueller Matrix from microspheres solutions
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
50 100150200
50100150200
*Cameron et al. JBO 2001
D= 2µm
m11
m44
![Page 40: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Stokes polarimetry, metrics of interest
![Page 41: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Net degree of polarization
€
DOP=Q2 +U 2 +V 2
I
€
0≤DOP≤1
![Page 42: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Unpolarized portion of the beam
€
1−Q2 +U 2 +V 2
I
€
0≤UNP≤1
![Page 43: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Degree of linear polarization
€
DOLP=Q2 +U 2
I
€
0≤DOLP≤1
![Page 44: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Degree of circular polarization
€
DOCP=VI
€
0≤DOCP≤1
![Page 45: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Principal angle of polarization
€
h=0.5αtαn S2S1
⎛ ⎝ ⎜
⎞ ⎠ ⎟
2E0y
h x
y
2E0y
Polarization Ellipse
€
Ex z,t( )2
E0x2
+Ey z,t( )
2
E0y2
−2Ex z,t( )Ey z,t( )
E0xE0ycosδ =sin2 δ
![Page 46: Use of polarized light imaging and sensing in the clinical setting](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56816620550346895dd972c0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
II Escuela de Optica Biomedica, Puebla, 2011
Tomorrow
• Experimental application of polarimetry
• Introduction to a typical Stokes vector polarimeter
• Introduction to a typical Mueller Matrix polarimeter