use of manufactured sand in concrete pavement presentation 08.pdf · 6/08/2013 1 concrete pavements...
TRANSCRIPT
6/08/2013
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Concrete Pavements Conference 201312 August 2013
Use of Manufactured Sand
in Concrete PavementWarren South1, Ion Dumitru2 and Vute Sirivivatnanon3
1 Director of Research and Technology, CCAA2 Technical Manager, Boral Construction Materials3 Professor of Concrete Engineering, UTS
CONTENTS
• Optimum use of natural & manufactured sands
• Important sand characteristics to all concrete
• Important sand characteristics to concrete pavement
• CCAA/RMS collaborative study
• Performance-based specifications
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IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS
TO ALL CONCRETE
GRADING, SHAPE & TEXTURE, FREE OF DELETERIOUS FINES,
DURABLE & NON REACTIVE, GOOD SKID RESISTANCE
The The challenge is to apply engineering knowledge to the best & economical use of challenge is to apply engineering knowledge to the best & economical use of
manufactured manufactured sands through appropriate specificationssands through appropriate specifications
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IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICSTO CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Concrete pavement must be fit for purpose
• Resistance to wear (abrasion of texture)
• Good skid resistance in wet and dry condition
Skid resistance depends on the complementary
functions of macro- & microtexture
• Microtexture: λ< 0.5mm
• Macrotexture: 0.5<λ< 50mm
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MACROTEXTUREIN SKID & ABRASION RESISTANCE
MACROTEXTUREWeller and Maynard (1970)
• Tyned grooves provide drainage to
prevent hydroplanning
• Mechanical resistance to skiding
Shackel et al.,(1994)
• Dependent on mix & curing
ICAR Barborak and Rached, (2010)
• Effect of textures & travel speed on
skid (friction)
S Bulahdelah
Mittagong Bypass
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Effect of textures on skid
ICAR Barborak and Rached, (2010)
Smooth
Broom Finish
Tined+Carpet
Glass
Carpet Drag
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EFFECT OF SAND ON MICROTEXTURESKID & ABRASION RESISTANCE
MAN SAND TESTING
Micro-Deval - abrasion
Na2SO4 Soundness - stability
Absorption – stability
MBV x Passing 75-micron - durabilitySource Rocks
▼
Coarse
Aggregates
▼
Man SandsMicro-Deval
Apsortion
Historical perspective
Natural Sand
Mineralogical
compositions
Silica Content
LAB CONCRETE TESTING
Skid before & after wear
Wear loss (AS 1141.41)
Abrasion loss (AS 4456.9)
Lab-prepared
Concrete
Specimens
FIELD ASSESSMENTS
SCRIMS and other
by Road Authority
Field-retrieved
Concrete
specimens
Performance
Criteria
Figure 1
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MANUFACTURING & TESTING OF CONCRETE3 Natural sands and
9 Manufactured sands at 50% & 80% of total fine
Random Description by
Supplier
Petrographic Description Approx free
silica (1)
,%Designation
NS Control Emu Coarse 69
MS1 Meta-argillite Meta-argillite 22
MS2 Olivine Basalt Olivine Basalt 2
MS3 Micro-granite Micro-diorite 6
MS4 Basalt (Latite) Latite 45
MS5 Ignimbrite Rhyolitic tuff 36
MS6 Adamellite Granite 48
MS7 Ignimbrite (Rhyodacite) Rhyolitic tuff 31
MS8 Meta-Greywacke Meta - Greywacke 27
MS9 Rhyodacite Rhyolitic tuff 29
NS10 ex Wagga Wagga Metasiltstone, quartzite 80
NS11 ex Billabong Quartzofeldspathic and lithic 648
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Sand durability tests
• Micro-Deval
% abrasion in water
• Sodium Soundness
stability due to expansive
salt crystallization
• Absorption
Porosity
• Free Silica Content
Petrography
Chemical
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To Wagga WaggaTo Wagga Wagga
Truck RestTruck Rest
Test site is on the S/B,
opposite the entrance to the
Truck Bay
2820
RMS Collaboration - Tarcutta Range test site 15
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Skid of various surfaces from
lab-prepared & field sampledskid after wear of workmanship-independent surfaces
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Field
sample
Lab
sampleOff-form surface
Tyned surface
Sawn surface
Pendulum friction test (AS 1141.42)Friction Value FV
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PAFV abrasion resistance (AS 1141.41)33-35 revs/min (8,000&16,000 cycles after 4 & 8 hours)
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2-hr with coarse abrasion [Balck silicon carbide No. 320 @ 2g/min]
2-hr with fine abrasion [Optical emery No. 600 @ 2g/min]
Abrasion index (AS 4456.9)4 circular faces subjected to 600 steel balls
60 rev/min x 1 hr = 3600 cycles
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Off-form
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
0 2 4 6 8 10
PAFV, hour
Skid
RosebrookS51 LS/DolomiteT68 QuartziteG80 Meta greyw acke
Skid (friction) after abrasion by PAFV
of off-form concrete
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Intrinsic Skid
Skid (friction) after abrasion by PAFV
of saw-cut concrete
Saw-cut
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
0 2 4 6 8 10
PAFV, hour
Skid
RosebrookS51 LS/DolomiteT68 QuartziteG80 Meta greyw acke
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“Characteristic skid resistance ”Common skid resistance of off-form &
saw-cut surfaces after 4-5 hrs of polishing
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Abrasion, hour
Skid Resistance
Rosebrook Off S51 LS/Dolomite Off
T68 Quartzite Off G80 Meta grey Off
Rosebrook Saw S51 LS/Dolomite Saw
T68 Quartzite Saw G80 Meta grey Saw
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Characteristic skid
Relating skid resistance
of various surfaces
Saw-cut
4-hour
polishing
TynedOff-form
4-hours
polishing
Off-form
8-hours
polishing
Sand
properties
Field-sampled concrete
Characteristic Skid Resistance
Saw-cut
4-hour
polishing
Intrinsic Skid
Lab-prepared concrete
SCRIM
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SCRIM results: Mittagong 68, 71
Tarcutta 74, 68
Heron Ck Not avail
Nabiac 65, 70
67
57.5 57.5
62
55
45
50.549
51.5 5149.5
61.564
5253.5
46
55.5
50.5
40.5 40.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Emu MS1 MS2 MS3 MS4 MS5 MS6 MS7 MS8 MS9 NS10 NS11 Mttg Tarc Herons Nabiac
Skid after 4-hr polishing
Top wearing surface
Off-form surface, 80% man sand
Saw-cut surface, 80% man sand
Skid after wear of concrete with various sands
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Intrinsic Skid and micro-Deval
or free silica content of Sands
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R2 = 0.4875
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
40 50 60 70 80 90
% Free Silica (chemical)
Skid of off-form
surface after 8 hr polishing
R2 = 0.6931
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0 5 10 15 20 25
MDV of indiv sand
Skid of off-form
surface after 8 hr polishing
83% Corr
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Fowler and Rached, ‘Evaluation of the Polish Resistance of
Fine Aggregates in PCC Pavements’
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Abrasion is largely a function of strength
and independent of type of sand
2.5, 50.9
R2 = 0.4282
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Off-form abrasion index
28-day Compressive Strength, MPa
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65% Corr
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Possible performance-based
specifications for concrete pavement
NATURAL & MANUFACTURED SANDS
• Micro-deval ≤ 15% for skid after wear
or
CONCRETE PAVEMENT (LAB)
• Characteristic skid > 50 for off-form surface
• A nominated concrete strength for abrasion
resistance (independent of sand used)
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CONCLUSIONS
CCAA research has lead to
• Critical property of sands to concrete
pavements is durability (Micro-Deval) for skid
after wear & concrete strength for abrasion
resistance
• Important properties to concrete producer are
shape, surface texture & consistent grading.
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CCAA PUBLICATIONS ON
MANUFACTURED SAND
Manufactured Sand – National test methods and specification valueshttp://www.concrete.net.au/publications/pdf/ManSand.pdf
Guide to the Specification and Use of Manufactured Sand in Concrete http://www.concrete.net.au/publications/pdf/GuideManSand.pdf
Manufactured Sand - Abrasion resistance and effect of manufactured sand on concrete mortar
http://www.concrete.net.au/publications/pdf/ManuSandReport2.pdf
Effect Effect of manufactured sands on surface properties of of manufactured sands on surface properties of concrete pavementconcrete pavement
(to be available on CCAA website shortly)
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Thank you
ASCP Concrete Pavements Conference 2013