Use of Energy in Egypt, Past and Recent

May 2014

Eng. Tawfik F. Azer

Energy Consultant

9th Oslo Group Meeting Abu Dhabi, UAE

INTRODUCTION Energy statistics is a crucial tool to analyse the energy

situation in order to provide the necessary vital

information for policy makers, planners and researchers.

A reliable energy statistics is really needed as energy plays

a critical role in the social and economic development.

This presentation demonstrates the latest historical data

available on energy production and energy use in Egypt.

The recent energy situation is also highlighted through

energy production and consumption patterns as well as

energy balance and energy flow.

The presentation tackles the primary and secondary

energy production in addition to the energy use of all

energy fuels and every economic sector. The major

industry subsectors electricity consumption has also been

included.

1. Evolution of Primary Energy

Production 1.1 PETROLEUM Petroleum production means the domestic production of

crude oil, condensates and associated LPG.

Crude oil production has reduced by 1% yearly.

Its production decreased from 32.3 MT in 2000/2001 to

28.7 MT in 2011/2012.

This deterioration has been partially compensated by the

increase of the condensates production.

Condensates production increased from 3.26 MT in

2000/2001 to 4.7 MT in 2011/2012, 3.1% per annum.

The production of LPG from fields has enhanced yearly

by only 1.7%. Its production increased from 1.204 MT in

2000/2001 to 1.475 MT in 2011/2012.

32.27630.939 30.706 30.431

29.040

27.01725.934 26.354

28.140 27.60028.280 28.700

3.2633.873 3.960 3.381 3.150

4.0304.876 5.242 5.148 5.087 5.028 4.688

1.204 1.161 1.154 1.097 1.173 1.169 1.173 1.317 1.430 1.300 1.374 1.475

0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000M

illi

on

To

n

Fig. 1.1: Petroleum Primary Production (2000/2001-2011/2012)

Crude

Condensates

LPG

1.2 NATURAL GAS

Production of natural gas in Egypt has

jumped from 18.4 MT in 2000/20001 to 46.1

MT in 2011/2012.

This evolution by an average annual

growth rate of about 8% reflects the high

growth of reserves and discoveries.

18.419.5

21.3

23.625.5

38.4

41.342.9

45.846.7 46.4 46.1

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

Mil

lio

n T

on

Fig. 1.2: Natural Gas Primary Production (2000/2001-2011/2012)

1.3 HYDROPOWER

The hydropower production is estimated to be 2.997 MTOE in

2000/2001 and 2.962 MTOE in 2011/2012.

Most of the available hydropower energy resources in Egypt

were exploited, the share of hydropower in the primary energy

production is limited 3.3%.

2.997

3.277

2.821 2.8632.781 2.731 2.778

3.334

3.156

2.760 2.715

2.962

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

MTO

E

Fig. 1.3: Hydropower Primary Production (2000/2001-2011/2012)

1.4 RENEWABLES

The share of renewables in the total primary energy production

has increased by 10 times during the last 12 years. However, it

still represents only 0.5% of the primary production.

The renewable production is about 0.03 MTOE in 2000/2001

and 0.408 MTOE in 2011/2012.

0.0300.048 0.045

0.081

0.115 0.1190.132

0.179

0.200

0.243

0.355

0.408

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

0.450

MTO

E

Fig. 1.4: Renewables Primary Production (2000/2001-2011/2012)

1.5 TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY

PRODUCTION The total primary energy production (petroleum, natural gas,

hydropower and renewables) was about 60.5 MTOE in

2000/2001, increased to 90 MTOE in 2011/2012. It encounters

an average annual growth rate of approximately 3.4%.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MTO

E

Fig. 1.5: Total Primary Energy Production (2000/2001-2011/2012)

Petroleum Natural Gas Hydropower Renewables

1.5 TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY

PRODUCTION (cont.)

Natural gas becomes the major energy source in Egypt. Its

production represents 57% of the total production. Petroleum

comes second 39%, hydropower 3% and finally renewables 0.5%.

Petroleum35.387

39%

Natural Gas51.217

57%

Hydropower2.962

3%

Renewables0.408

1%

Fig. 1.6: Primary Energy Production Pattern (2011/2012)

Unit: MTOE

Total: 89.973 MTOE

2. Evolution of Secondary Energy

Production

Oil throughput in the Egyptian refineries

amounts for 26.9 MT in 2011/2012.

Total production of petroleum products

increased from 24.9 MT in 2000/2001 to

25.9 MT in 2011/2012.

2.1 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

2.2 ELECTRICITY

Electricity generation increased from 78.1 TWh in 2000/2001 to 156.6 TWh in 2011/2012 (6% yearly).

Electricity generated by thermal power stations amplified from about 64.3 TWh in 2000/2001 to 141.7 TWh in 2010/2011.

Electricity generated from hydropower is slightly decreased from 13.7 TWh to 12.9 TWh.

In addition to 0.137 TWh generated by renewables in 2000/2001 boosted to 1.958 TWh in 2011/2012.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

TW

h

Fig. 2.2: Electricity Generation(2000/2001-2011/2012)

Thermal Hydropower Renewables

Thermal141.694

91%

Hydropower12.934

8%

Renewables1.958

1%

Fig. 2.3: Electricity Generation Pattern (2011/2012)

Unit: TWh

Total 156.586 TWh

3. Evolution of Energy Use

Petroleum products use has increased by about 3% per year.

The total consumption increased from 22.8 MT in 2000/2001 to 32.5 MT in 2011/2012.

Out of the total consumption in 2011/2012, there is 8.6 MT imported.

On the other side, the country exported 3.25 MT of different petroleum products.

3.1 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

Mil

lio

n T

on

Fig. 3.1: Petroleum Products Consumption(2000/2001-2011/2012)

LPG

Gasoline

Turbine

Kerosene

Gas Oil / Diesel

Fuel Oil

Others

3.1 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (cont.)

The consumption of gasoline has increased

by 7.6%/year.

LPG and gas oil increased by 4.7% and

4.1% respectively.

The use of kerosene is vanishing because of

the near saturation of the LPG or natural

gas cookers.

7.085

7.666

7.830 7.842 7.853 7.874

7.546

7.764

7.572

7.993

7.600

6.816

6.200

6.400

6.600

6.800

7.000

7.200

7.400

7.600

7.800

8.000

8.200

Mil

lio

n T

on

Fig. 3.2: Industry Petroleum Products Consumption(2000/2001-2011/2012)

0.122 0.111 0.111 0.108

1.6021.653

1.729

1.8791.956

2.059 2.099 2.140

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

Mil

lio

n T

on

Fig. 3.3: Agriculture Petroleum Products Consumption(2000/2001-2011/2012)

5.8125.655

5.8116.101

5.730 5.7165.927

6.449

6.8387.181 7.217 7.144

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000M

illi

on

To

n

Fig. 3.4: Residential and CommercialPetroleum Products Consumption

(2000/2001-2011/2012)

6.774 6.591 6.7737.111

6.6777.050

7.501

8.413

9.052

9.80510.082

11.096

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

Mil

lio

n T

on

Fig. 3.5: Transport Petroleum Products Consumption(2000/2001-2011/2012)

2.040

1.5391.713

1.455

4.0443.785

4.354

4.686

5.303

5.813

5.321

4.627

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000M

illi

on

To

n

Fig. 3.6: Petroleum Products Consumptionin Electricity Sector

(2000/2001-2011/2012)

0.961

0.6980.722

0.516

0.586 0.599 0.6050.652 0.662

0.718 0.704 0.704

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200M

illi

on

To

n

Fig. 3.7: Petroleum Products Consumptionin Petroleum Sector

(2000/2001-2011/2012)

3.2 NATURAL GAS

The use of the natural gas has increased by

about 7% per annum.

The total consumption increased from

22.65 BCM 2000/2001 to 51.8 BCM in

2011/2012.

22562

25228

28123

30839 30825

34865

3736139603

4152843878

46890

51829

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

MC

M

Fig. 3.8: Natural Gas Total Consumption (2000/2001-2011/2012)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

MC

M

Fig. 3.9: Natural Gas Sectoral Consumption (2000/2001-2011/2012)

Industry Res. & Comm. Transport Electricity Petroleum

58116375

6916

75928223

8852

10415

11375

12092

13222

13941 13994

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

MC

M

Fig. 3.10: Natural Gas Consumption in Industry (2000/2001-2011/2012)

417

499 514 526

588626 644

833

963986

10461082

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

MC

M

Fig. 3.11: Natural Gas Consumption in Resdintial and Commercial (2000/2001-2011/2012)

136

185

239

267

296305

336356

408

440457

473

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

MC

M

Fig. 3.12: Natural Gas Consumption in Transport (2000/2001-2011/2012)

1408915408

17491

1937618422

20775 2091421975

2309124519

26014

30061

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

MC

M

Fig. 3.13: Natural Gas Consumption in Electricity (2000/2001-2011/2012)

2109

27612963 3077

3297

4307

5052 5065 49754710

5432

6219

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

MC

M

Fig. 3.14: Natural Gas Consumption in Petroleum Sector (2000/2001-2011/2012)

3.3 ELECTRICITY Electricity total consumption has increased from

about 64 TWh in 2000/2001 to 134 TWh in

2011/2012, having an average annual

growth rate of 6.3 per cent.

64.33069.166

74.12079.642

85.088

92.08598.443

106.595111.714

118.903125.159

133.969

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

TWh

Fig. 3.15: Electricity Total Consumption (2000/2001-2011/2012)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

TW

h

Fig. 3.16: Electricity Sectoral Consumption (2000/2001-2011/2012)

Industry Agriculture Residential Commercial Gov./Utilities

24.18825.402

26.52528.386

30.284

32.701

34.569

37.045 37.27338.916

40.70242.098

0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

45.000

TW

h

Fig. 3.17: Electricity Consumption in Industry (2000/2001-2011/2012)

The table shows the electricity consumption of the

major industry subsectors along with their shares of

the industry sector total electricity consumption,

assuming the same pattern as 2010/2011. Those

seven major consumer subsectors represent more

than 71% of the sectors total consumption.

Subsector GWh Share

Iron & Steel 8604.79 20.44%

Cement 6702.25 15.92%

Aluminium 6123.87 14.55%

Food 2998.10 7.12%

Textile 2383.34 5.66%

Fertilizers 1590.27 3.78%

Rubber 1529.97 3.63%

2.5422.733

2.991

3.2803.460

3.719 3.789

4.209

4.6174.834 4.927

5.560

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

TW

h

Fig. 3.18: Electricity Consumption in Agriculture (2000/2001-2011/2012)

23.67325.752

27.71729.823

31.311

33.900

36.596

40.271

43.811

47.431

51.370

56.664

0.000

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

TW

h

Fig. 3.19: Electricity Consumption in the Residential Sector(2000/2001-2011/2012)

3.9893.733

4.256

4.801

5.393

6.016

7.046

8.240

8.754

9.674

10.23810.715

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

TW

h

Fig. 3.20: Electricity Consumption in the Commercial Sector(2000/2001-2011/2012)

9.938

11.546

12.63113.352

14.640

15.74916.443

16.83017.259

18.048 17.922

18.932

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000T

Wh

Fig. 3.21: Electricity Consumption in the Governmentand Utilities Sector

(2000/2001-2011/2012)

3.4 TOTAL ENERGY The total final energy consumption was

34.4 MTOE in 2000/2001 increased to 59.5

MTOE in 2011/2012 (growth rate of 4.7%).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

MTO

E

Fig. 3.22: Total Final Energy Consumption (2000/2001 - 2011/2012)

Petrpleum Products Natural Gas Electricity

2.7%.

8.2%

6.3%

Growth rate

Petrpleum Products

21.75763.3%

Natural Gas7.07820.6%

Electricity5.53116.1%

Fig. 3.23: Total Final Energy Consumption Pattern (2000/2001)

Unit: MTOE

Total 34.366 MTOE

Petrpleum Products

29.78650.1%

Natural Gas18.18430.6%

Electricity11.51919.4%

Fig. 3.24: Total Final Energy Consumption Pattern (2011/2012)

Unit: MTOE

Total 59.489 MTOE

The share of petroleum products in the total

final energy consumption is 63.3% in

2000/2001 and 50% in 2011/2012. Natural gas

share raised from 20.6% to 30.6%. Electricity

share changed from 16.1% to 19.4%

Industry14.01340.8%

Agriculture0.3461.0%

Res. & Comm.9.08326.4%

Transport7.32821.3%

Others3.59510.5%

Fig. 3.26: Sectoral Final Energy Consumption Pattern (2000/2001)

Unit: MTOE

Total 34.366 MTOE

Share of each economic sector in the total

final consumption in 2000/2001 and

2011/2012.

Industry22.26137.4%

Agriculture2.7554.6%

Res. & Comm.14.56724.5%

Transport12.34520.8%

Others7.56112.7%

Fig. 3.27: Sectoral Final Energy Consumption Pattern (2011/2012)

Unit: MTOETotal 59.489 MTOE

14.013

15.20115.916

16.77217.366

18.140

19.297

20.52120.964

22.477 22.85322.261

0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

MT

OE

Fig. 3.25: Industry Final Energy Consumption(2000/2001 - 2011/2012)

0.346 0.350 0.372 0.393

2.0012.078

2.164

2.3592.477

2.606 2.6562.755

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

MT

OE

Fig. 3.28: Agriculture Final Energy Consumption(2000/2001 - 2011/2012)

9.083 9.1569.553

10.062 9.95310.251

10.820

11.973

12.863

13.64914.124

14.567

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

MT

OE

Fig. 3.29: Residential and Commercial Final Energy Consumption(2000/2001 - 2011/2012)

7.328 7.1967.435

7.7657.403

7.8188.345

9.351

10.098

10.94711.269

12.345

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

MT

OE

Fig. 3.30: Transport Final Energy Consumption(2000/2001 - 2011/2012)

Crude Oil & NGLPetroleum

ProductsNatural Gas Hydropower Renewables Total

33.728 1.659 51.217 2.962 0.408 89.974

2.115 9.335

5.631 3.435 7.464

0.258

0.050 -0.077

Refinery 26.476 33.728 0.458

26.911

34.289 43.295 2.962 0.408 89.974

4.503 25.111 2.962 0.408 32.984

Petroleum

ProductsNatural Gas Electricity Total

6.952 11.690 3.620 22.261

2.277 0.478 2.755

7.870 0.904 5.794 14.567

11.950 0.395 12.345

0.738 5.195 1.628 7.561

29.786 18.184 11.519 59.489Total Final Consumption

Final Consumption

Industry

Agriculture

Residential/Commercial

Transport

Others

Supply

Production

Imports

Exports

International Marine Bunkers

Stock Changes

- Input

- Output

Statistica Difference

Total Supply

Input to Electricity Production

4. Energy Balance

4. Energy Flow

Thank

You