use of biofuels in aviation.pptx

7/27/2019 Use of Biofuels in Aviation.pptx

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Basics

In the early days of the jet age, Speed and luxuriousness are the drivers of intercontinental travel.

Today,

Engines are at the cutting edge of efficiency.

Aircrafts are more aerodynamic and lighter than ever before.Huge improvements have been done in air traffic control efficiency,

More environmentally-friendly operations at airports.

But we are still using the same fuel!!!

THATS ABOUT TO CHANGE


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What are biofuels?

Produced fromrenewable biologicalresources such asplant material

Absorbs carbondioxide from theatmosphere as theplant matter(biomass) is grown,which is thenreleased back intothe atmospherewhen the fuel isburnt.


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Second-generation

aviation biofuels1) Replacement for traditional jet fuels ;

not consuming valuable food, land and water resources

2) Mass grown;

worldwide, including in deserts and salt water;

3) Examples;

bio-derived oil, jatropha, camelina, algae and

halophytes

4) Large quantities at more stable prices.


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Jatropha

Seeds;

1. contain inedible lipid oilthat can be used toproduce fuel,

2. produces 30 to 40% of itsmass in oil,

3. are toxic to both humansand animals.

4. can be grown in a rangeof difficult soil conditions


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Camelina

is primarily an energycrop, with high lipid oilcontent.

its oil is a feedstock toproduce renewablefuels.

can be grown as a

rotational crop withwheat and other cerealcrops.


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Algae

are the most potential feedstockfor producing large quantities of

sustainable aviation biofuel.

can be grown in polluted or salt

water, deserts and otherinhospitable places.

Is the fastest grown feedstock

thrive off CO2, ideal for carbon

capture from sources like powerplants.

produces up to 15 times more

oil per km2 than other biofuel

crops.


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Halophytes

are salt marsh grassesand other saline habitatspecies

can grow either in saltwater or in areasaffected by sea spraywhere plants would not

normally be able togrow.


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Key advantages of second-generation

biofuels for aviation Environmental benefits: sustainably produced biofuels result in a

reduction in CO2 emissions across their lifecycle.

Diversified supply: second-generation biofuels offer a viablealternative to fossil fuels and can substitute traditional jet fuel, with

a more diverse geographical fuel supply through non-food cropsources.

Economic and social benefits: sustainable biofuels provide asolution to the price fluctuations related to fuel cost volatility facing

aviation. Biofuels can provide economic benefits to parts of theworld, especially developing nations, that have unviable land forfood crops that is suitable for second-generation biofuel cropgrowth.


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Why use biofuels for aviation?

Developing sustainable biofuels for aviation will:

provide the aviation industry with an alternative topetroleum-based fuels;

enable the industry to reduce its carbon footprint byreducing its greenhouse gas emissions;

allow it to draw upon a variety of different fuel sources;

be easier to implement than for other transport modes.


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Biofuels for aviationtechnical

challenges

Technical requirements for aviation biofuels:

A high-performance fuel that can withstand a

range of operational conditions.

A fuel that can directly substitute traditional

jet fuel for aviation.

A fuel that does not compromise safety.

A fuel that meets stringent performance

targets.


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Biofuels for aviationsustainability

challengesThe aviation industry is seeking biofuels made from crops

that:

are fast growing, non-food plants that dont take upproductive arable land which would otherwise be used for

food production; do not require excessive supplies of pesticides, fertiliser or

irrigation and do not threaten biodiversity;

provide socio-economic value to local communities;

result in a lower carbon footprint on a total carbon lifecycle

basis and provide an equal or higher energy content thanthe current petroleum-based traditional jet fuel, Jet A-1,used by the industry.


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Biofuels for aviation testing

Biofuels testing is imperative to determine suitability for

aviation The aviation industry has a rigorous testing process to

maintain the highest standards of safety.

This means that biofuels must undergo dozens ofexperiments in the laboratory, on the ground and in the air.

This exhaustive process determines those biofuels suitablefor aviation.


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Biofuels for aviationthe

certification processCertification of biofuels for aviation use

Once flight trials are successfully completed, biofuels need to becertified for commercial use.

This is the role of the fuel specification bodies responsible for testingaviation fuels according to key criteria before the fuel is certified for

commercial use. The certification approval process looks at a minimum of 11 key

performance properties.

The target is to certify biofuels as safe for aviation use by 2013.


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Biofuels for aviationeconomic

viabilityEconomic viability of biofuels for aviation

Sustainable biofuels will become economically viable and competewith petroleum-based fuels as costs are lowered by improvementsin production technology and through economiesof scale inproduction.

They may also provide valuable economic opportunities tocommunities who can develop new sources of income including inmany developing nations.


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From the fields to the wingsBringing biofuels from feedstock to jetfuel supply

This will require the production ofsufficient sustainable raw

materials and the industrial capability to process and refine it into

fuel.

The worldwide aviation industry consumes some 1.5 to 1.7 billion

barrels of traditional jet fuel annually.

Analysis suggests that a viable market for biofuels can be maintained when as littleas 1% of world jet fuel supply is substituted by a biofuel.

Some estimates indicate that biofuels will be commercially viable when they reach1%of the total jet fuel supply.


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The next steps

Once testing has been undertaken, thea viation industry knowsthat biofuels can work and certification is complete, the hurdlesthat remain are:

ensuring a steady supply of the feedstock is grown and then

processed into biofuel; ensuring that the facilities are in place to refine and blend the biofuel

into current jet fuel;

ensuring that the cost is right, in order to compete with petroleum-based jet fuel;

ensuring that aviation is allocated its share of biofuel supply despitecompetition for that supply with other forms of transport; and

ensuring that the industry is looking to governments to help withincentives for fuel suppliers to bring enough of the fuel to market.

use of biofuels in aviation.pptx

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