us history€¦ · exploration and colonization . unit 1 packet: aka the best packet you’ve ever...

US History

Exploration and Colonization

Unit 1 Packet: AKA the BEST packet you’ve ever seen until you see the next packet

What we will learn… Describe social and political effects of European exploration and settlement of the Americas on Native inhabitants from the 15th to the early 17th Century. What we are doing…

Speaker: Columbus, 1492 Occasion: Audience: Purpose: Subject: Tone:

Support Refute (circle one)

Additional Information:

Speaker: Bartolome de las Casas, 1552 Occasion: Audience: Purpose: Subject: Tone:



Speaker: Jesuit missionary, 1657-1658 Occasion: Audience: Purpose: Subject: Tone:



Speaker: Juan Gines de Sepulveda, 1547 Occasion: Audience: Purpose: Subject: Tone:



Speaker: John Smith, 1607 Occasion: Audience: Purpose: Subject: Tone:



Bias- Perspective-

AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY: Use your textbook atlas and the class map of the United States to help you complete the map and answer the following questions. Identify the Following: Bodies of Water: Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Gulf of Mexico Lake Superior Lake Michigan Lake Huron Lake Erie

Lake Ontario Chesapeake Bay Mississippi River Missouri River Rio Grande Hudson River

Physical Features:* Appalachian Mountains Rocky Mountains Sierra Nevada

Cape Cod Cape Hatteras Great Plains

*for physical features, outline the general area in pencil Cities: New York Boston Philadelphia Baltimore

Washington, D.C. Atlanta Miami New Orleans

Chicago Detroit St. Louis Denver

Los Angeles San Francisco

1. What are the four state capitals that are named after presidents of the United States?

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

2. What is the highest peak in the United States? What is its elevation? (refer to the physical map on pp. A8-9)

___________________________________________________________

3. What is the highest peak in the lower 48 states? What is its elevation? ___________________________________________ 4. What are the two states that border on 8 other states? ___________________________________________________

5. What four states border each other at one shared point?

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

6. List 4 states that were created out of territory acquired entirely within the Louisiana Purchase (1803)? (see pp. A20-21)

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

7. List 4 states that were created out of territory acquired in the Mexican Cession (1848)?

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

8. What two states derive their names from the nickname for Queen Elizabeth I?

___________________________________ ____________________________________

Comparing Spanish, French, & English Colonization in the New World

Spanish French English

Purpose of Colonies/

Exploration

Geographic Region Colonized/ Explored

Contacts & Interactions with Native Americans

Labor Systems

Loose or Strict Control by Mother

Country

Degree of “Success” of Colonization/ Exploration

Famous Explorers

“America before Columbus” US News & World Report

Read the entire article and then answer the questions below on your own paper. Be sure that you answer the questions in PARAGRAPH FORM. Use the space provided to formulate your ideas for each answer.

1. Briefly describe America before Columbus arrived. Include the people, plants and animals.

2. Describe Native American religions. How were these religions different from European religions?

3. How did the Columbian Exchange benefit Americans? Europeans? Africans?

4. How did the Columbian Exchange hurt Americans? Europeans? Africans?

5. Overall, assess the impact of the Columbian exchange.

THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT " . . . to enact . . . just and equal laws . . . for the general good of the colony . . . . " On November 11, 1620, the storm-battered vessel bearing the Pilgrims to the lonely shores of the New World sailed in from the open sea and dropped anchor in the chill waters of what is now Provincetown Harbor. The Mayflower was far off its course, and the Pilgrims had no legal right to settle in New England or to establish a government. But they had no choice, for winter was close at hand, and the colony had to be started. Confronted by the need for action, the Pilgrim leaders drafted the Mayflower Compact. Later, the men gathered in the smoke-blackened cabin of the ship and, in the flickering light of a fish-oil lamp, signed their names to the now historic document. The Mayflower Compact became an important landmark along the road leading to democracy. True, it did not extend the privilege of participating in government to others besides the Pilgrims themselves. True, it did not outline, or even attempt to outline, a plan of government. But and this is the significant point the Compact did commit the Pilgrims to the creation of a government based on the consent of the governed. November 11, 1620 In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread [revered and feared] sovereign Lord King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc., having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents [this document] solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and of one another, covenant [promise] and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic [group organized for government] for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue [authority] hereof, to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances [regulations], acts, constitutions, and offices from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [fitting] and convenient for the general good of the colony unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In WITNESS whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod, the eleventh of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign Lord King James of England, France, and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620. [Signed by forty-one men on the Mayflower.] JOHN CARVER ISAAC ALLERTON FRANCIS EATON WILLIAM BRADFORD MILES STANDISH JAMES CHILTON EDWARD WINSLOW JOHN ALDEN JOHN CRAXTON WILLIAM BREWSTER JOHN TURNER JOHN BILLINGTON JOSES FLETCHER THOMAS WILLIAMS THOMAS TINKER JOHN GOODMAN GILBERT WINSLOW JOHN RIDGATE SAMUEL FULLER EDMUND MARGESSON EDWARD FULLER CHRISTOPHER MARTIN PETER BROWN RICHARD CLARK WILLIAM MULLINS RICHARD BITTERIDGE RICHARD GARDINER WILLIAM WHITE GEORGE SOULE JOHN ALLERTON RICHARD WARREN EDWARD TILLY THOMAS ENGLISH JOHN HOWLAND JOHN TILLY EDWARD DOTEN STEPHEN HOPKIS FRANCIS COOKE EDWARD LIESTER DIGERY PRIEST THOMAS ROGERS (Excerpt from Living American Documents, by Starr, Todd and Curtis, Harcourt, Brace and World Inc., 1961) Discussion Questions:

1. After reading the document, what are some initial thoughts that may stand out about this compact? (For example; who wrote it? why? what they may have hoped to achieve?)

2. With a small group of classmates, paraphrase the Mayflower Compact into more contemporary English, making it easier for today’s readers to understand.

3. Role-play a discussion of the creation of this compact. What issues may have come up among the 41 men? What disagreements, if any, may have occurred and how might they have been solved.

Name: _________________________ Date: _________________________ Vocabulary (Complete sentences explaining the significance of each) 1. William Penn- 2. Joint-Stock Company- 3. Headright System- 4. New Netherland- 5. Roger Williams- 6. John Rolfe- 7. Jonathan Edwards- 8. Navigation Acts- 9. Salutary Neglect- 10. Great Awakening- 11. Middle Passage- 12. Mercantilism-

1.

3.

2.

6.

5.

7.

4.

9.

8.

10.

11.

12.

Name _________________________________ Period ____ Date ___________

North and South Develop Different Economic Systems (Chapter 3, sections 2 & 3 Guided Reading) Directions: As you read about the North’s and South’s, please answer the questions below.

1. What problems did women and indentured servants face in Southern society?

2. What were the reasons that the colonists used African slaves to fill their depleted labor force? 3. Describe triangular trade. 4. What was the Middle Passage?

5. How did slaves maintain their culture? 6. In what ways was the Northern economy diverse?

7. What were the negative and positive effects of the growing ethnic diversity in the colonies? 8. What conflicts lay behind the Salem Witch Hunts in 1692? 9. What was the Enlightenment? 10. Who was Benjamin Franklin? 11. What effect did the Enlightenment have on political thought in the colonies? 12. Who was Jonathan Edwards? 13. What was the Great Awakening? 14. What effect did the Great Awakening have on organized religion in the colonies?

Name _________________________________ Period _____ Date ________________

13 Colonies Map

Directions: Label Britain's 13 Colonies on the map below. Then color each of the three colonial regions a different color.

Connecticut Delaware Georgia

Maryland Massachusetts

New Hampshire New Jersey New York

North Carolina

Rhode Island Pennsylvania

South Carolina Virginia

US History Group Members: _________________________________________________

_______________________________________________ Colonial Products: Maryland (Catholics) Lord Baltimore The Calvert Family Catholic Haven Maryland Toleration Act Pilgrims (New England) Mayflower Compact William Bradford Separatists Thanksgiving Plymouth Colony Puritans (New England) John Winthrop City on a Hill Intolerance Massachusetts Bay Colony

Rhode Island (Dissenters) Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Rhode Island Native American/Abolitionist Pennsylvania William Penn Society of Friends Tolerance/Native Americans The Holy Experiment Jamestown John Rolfe Indentured Servants Headright System Powhatan Starving Time

Step One: Research the groups above. Using the key terms as a guide, describe in detail the core tenants of each group. Questions to consider are:

How does your group interact with the indigenous people? Does your group seek new membership? Is your group diverse? What does your group think about other religions? To what degree did your group remain constant in their beliefs and behaviors; reference any major changes?

Step Two: Create a product to sell or distribute throughout the colonies that embodies your group. It is not necessary for the product to be relative to the time period. Step Three: You will be required to create a print ad and/or a live infomercial endorsing your product, all the while including information researched above. Meeting or exceeding the following criteria;

Print Ad Original and relevant name Picture (Neat and Colorful) Slogan (Rhyming is encouraged) Detailed Description (including info from step 1) Sales Price

Infomercial Mention the Name (Multiple Times) Catchy Jingle Product’s Uses (This is where the historical info comes in) Mailing address “But Wait There’s More”

Step Four: Check yourself before you wreck yourself. Be sure to sufficiently cover all of the pertinent information. Make sure you have relevant information and remember that the content is more important than the product. It needs to present the information in a clear and concise manner in order to further the information. Completed project includes; step one completed in written form, a beautiful and relevant print ad and a infomercial no less than two minutes in length, including the script.

Discovery and Settlement Christopher Columbus August 3, 1492 – Columbus and three ships sail from Spain

Born in ____________________ and sailed for _____________________

Purpose: Sail to Asia (India) by going _________________________________________ instead of around Africa (Portuguese)

Why Explore? Motives (Reasons) for Exploration = GOLD, GLORY, GOD

Gold = ___________________________________________

Glory = ___________________________________________

God = ____________________________________________ More Columbus

-Set off to find a quicker route to the West Indies. -Crew was near mutiny when land was sighted.

-Landed near present day Bahamas (thought it was the West Indies -Indigenous people called themselves the Taino (“noble ones”). He called them something else… -Los Indios…..translation Indians….WHY????

--Thus began the move from the Old World (Europe) to the New World (Americas)--

Where did they Settle?

___________ -- built settlements in the Caribbean, South America and Central America ___________ -- settled in North America (present day United States) ___________ -- settled in present-day Canada ___________ -- were brought to work on large plantations in the Caribbean and Southern English colonies

Comparing Three Worlds

American Indians Europeans West Africans

What were their religious beliefs?

Nature-based Spiritual relationship between man and Earth

Christianity Everyone should be Christian

Islam (in some areas) Nature-based (in other places)

What was their government?

tribes (simple) confederations empires (complex)

nations and kings beginning to have ideas about individual rights

Kingdoms w/ rulers Council of elders

What were their economic systems?

Communal ownership of land Live in harmony with land -- use it to sustain life

Private ownership of property Labor + land = wealth

Communal ownership of land Extensive trade in a variety of goods

What kind of technology did they have?

Bows, arrows, spears and tomahawks Simple farming and hunting tools

Advanced weaponry, including guns, cannons and armor Navigational abilities

Depending on area – simple farming tools or complex trading equipment

Impact of Discovery Colonization – The establishment of distant settlements controlled by parent country.

Often times natives were forced into work on plantations Europeans brought many new diseases with them to the New World…..

Disease is BAD! Population decrease estimates _________________________________________________________.

--Decrease in population means decrease in workforce -- What will the Europeans do???

Slave Trade Begins • With so many Natives dying of disease, Europeans turned to the ________________________ to replenish labor force. • Africans were more resistant to Old World disease and less familiar with New World (less likely to escape). • Europeans began using these slaves in the New World.

The Columbian Exchange --

English Colonization of the New World

A. The first permanent English settlement in North America was _________________. a. ________________________ by the Virginia Company of London b. purpose: economic opportunity ( )

i. ii. Settlers weren’t planning to stay in the New World

c. many problems in the early years i. ii. location made people sick -- mosquitoes, malaria iii. John Smith took charge in winter 1607 – forced men to work (“He who does not work, shall not eat”) iv. “___________________” (winter 1609)

d. later problems are solved i. 1610 -- ____________________ became new governor, set up strict martial law ii. 1612 -- John Rolfe - iii. iv. 1640s – ___________________ established (today is called General Assembly)

1.

B. Virginia and the other southern colonies were settled by people seeking economic opportunity a. ___________ – English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from King of England b. indentured servants –

c. Headright System –

d. other poor immigrants became small farmers or artisans i. settled in the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia ii. __________________ - Frontier settlers sought support against Native Americans from Governor. He refused and

rebellion became violent. Showed disparity between wealthy landowners and poorer frontier settlers.

C. The New England colonies were settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe and looking for economic opportunity

a. Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England i. thought it was too much like ii. were very religious – often intolerant of those who didn’t follow their religion

b. 1620 – Pilgrims (one group of Puritans) arrived at Plymouth i. wrote the Mayflower Compact

1. 2. formed a “covenant community”

ii. b. 1630 – more Puritans came to Massachusetts Bay

i. want to also set up a new, religious based society in the New World ii. _______________ (leader) wanted a “City on a Hill” – set an example for the rest of the world

c. town meeting –

d. one problem – religious dissent i. Puritans wanted the freedom to practice their religion but did not want others to practice a different religion -- people who

went against Puritan teachings were punished

ii. ___________________ – banished from Massachusetts, started new colony of Rhode Island iii.

D. Middle Atlantic region a. settled chiefly by

b. seeking

Colonial Regions Objective: The student will describe how the values and institutions of European economic life took root in the colonies and how slavery reshaped European and African life in the Americas. New England

Colonies in Region Main Economic Activity

Society and Religion

Other important

Information Massachusetts

Fishing, ship-building, trade

Focused on religion; Puritans not tolerant; Mostly English

Boston – port Triangle Trade Value hard work & thrift Towns, small farms

New Hampshire Connecticut Rhode Island Middle Colonies

Colonies in Region

Main Economic Activity


Other Important

Information New York

Farming (wheat, rye, barley, oats) Ship-building, iron-works, textiles

Catholics (MD) & Quakers (PA) Tolerant/flexible Germans, Scots-Irish, Dutch, Swedes

New York City; Baltimore; Philadelphia = Ports

New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Southern Colonies

Triangular Trade - -

-

-

Colonies in Region

Main Economic Activity


Other Important

Information Maryland

Farming East – cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) West – small farms, trade, hunt

Church of England; close ties to England Dominated by Eastern planters Based on wealth; land ownership

SLAVES! Port = Charleston, SC

Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

TRIANGULAR TRADE Map Activity

Directions: 1. Use page 75-76 in your textbook to color in the lines of triangular trade. Use the color GREEN for any

routes coming out of the Americas, BLUE for any routes coming out of Europe, and RED for anything coming out of Africa.

2. Below the map create a key describing each route and list items exchanged as cited in your textbook.

Key: (Be sure to list of the items exchanged that is discussed in your book)

Exploration and Colonization Test Review Define the terms and give a short answer for each of the questions.

Anne Hutchinson-

Cavaliers-

Indentured Servants-

John Rolfe-

John Winthrop-

Jonathan Edwards-

Powhatan-

Puritans –

Roger Williams-

William Penn-

City on a Hill-

Covenant Community-

Jamestown -

Virginia House of Burgesses-

Mayflower Compact -

Cash-crop -

Headright System-

Plantation agriculture -

Mercantilism-

Navigation Acts-

Joint-Stock Company-

Middle Passage-

Starving Time-

The Columbian Exchange -

The Great Awakening -

Why the Europeans settled in North America?

Different Colonial Regions and why they were settled?

What was exchanged on the Columbian Exchange?

The Geography of the 13 Colonies? (know the map)

Native Americans Relationship to the Old World Explorers?

Economic Situation in the Colonies? (Particularly in the South)

Different types of Government in the Colonies?

How Slavery was introduced in the New World?

Society in the different regions in the Colonies?

Europeans Impact on the Native Americans?