us forest service forest health protection
TRANSCRIPT
Lori Winton, PhD South-central & Interior Alaska Forest Pathologist
Tom Heutte Unit Aviation Officer
Elizabeth Graham, PhD Southeast Alaska Forest Entomologist
� Technical Assistance � delivery of expertise and services
� Survey and Monitoring � survey and monitor, short & long term
� Treatment � fund treatments for prevention,
suppression, and eradication � Technology Development
� research and development of tools for detection & monitoring
Alder dieback & mortality
Armillaria root rot Armillaria bu- rot
Tomentosus root rot on spruce Brown feathery bu- rot
Root & butt rots
Stem and branch diseases
Photo: Stan Hawley
Foliar diseases
Big unknown: native pathogen identities, prevalence, & impacts
� Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory � Boreal forest conditions � 201 sites/603 plots � 37 plot attributes
� Location, geology, soils… � 28 tree attributes
� Species, size, damages
Malone, T., J. Liang, and E.C. Packee. 2009. Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-‐‑GTR-‐‑785. 42 p.
Relevant CAFI Tree damages attributes: developing a baseline
Malone, T., J. Liang, and E.C. Packee. 2009.
• Early detection of invasive pathogens requires a complete list of Alaska’s native pathogens
• Prevention also requires identifying potential high risk invaders
US Forest Service Aerial Insect and Disease Survey
Tom Heu9e, Program Manager
Program Authority
• CooperaAve Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as amended (Pub. L. 95-‐313, 16 U.S.C. 2101-‐2114)
• -‐ Forest Health Management -‐ Federal Lands (Program Code SPFH);
• Forest Health Monitoring – DetecAon (Plot and Survey) – EvaluaAon Monitoring – Intensive Site Ecosystem Monitoring – Research on Monitoring Techniques
Aerial Sketchmapping
• Observer sketches on paper map or GPS tablet • Coarse scale-‐ 1:250,000 • SubjecAve and prone to differences between observers
• Inexpensive on a per-‐acre basis
AGENT Total Of Sum Of ACRES naAonal forest naAve other federal
state & private unknown
Alder defoliaAon 58,466 1,004 14,089 20,139 23,114 120
Alder Dieback 16,422 4 2,392 8,965 5,062
Aspen defoliaAon 1,301 46 1,255
Aspen Leaf Miner 69,204 18,272 12,002 38,930
Betula nana defoliaAon 86,129 5,292 60,559 20,278
Birch aphid 10,744 966 3,199 6,579
Birch defoliaAon 80,764 476 5,733 56,559 17,996
Birch Leaf Miner 149 105 44
Birch leaf roller 45 45
Black-‐headed budworm 80 80
Cedar decline 17,378 16,083 294 17 984
Conifer defoliaAon 2,734 1,061 1,554 50 68
Co9onwood defoliaAon 17,512 59 2,740 10,140 4,574
Co9onwood leaf beetle 9,609 2,772 3,214 196 3,427
Co9onwood leaf miner 49 49
Fire damage 12 12
Flooding/high-‐water damage 7,564 748 79 365 6,371
Hardwood defoliaAon 3,196 123 1,798 13 1,262
Hemlock sawfly 5,480 5,056 21 64 340
IPS and SPB 4,342 1,324 2,003 1,015
Ips engraver beetle 7,224 1,337 3,427 2,460
Landslide/Avalanche 1,933 137 1,796
Invasive Forest Insects in Alaska
Elizabeth E. Graham, Ph.D. James J. Kruse, Ph.D.
USDA Forest Service
Forest Health Protection
� At least seven species known
� Three on birch, three on alder, one on eastern larch
� Introduced from Europe � Tenthredinidae
• Amber marked birch leafminer (AMBLM)
• Birch edgeminer • Birch leafminer
� Host: birches, alder
� An ichneumonid wasp was discovered controlling AMBLM in Edmonton, Alberta
� Over 3,600 individuals of this parasitoid were released in Anchorage, Alaska between 2004-2008.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 year
Average AMBLM Counts, by Year
Average AMBLM, plus/minus 2 standard errors
Parasitoid releases conducted in Fairbanks in 2011
Photos: K. Zogas
Green Alder Sawfly
� Found in Anchorage, Kenai, Seward, and in the Mat-Su River Valley.
� Recently collected in Fairbanks
� Multiple sightings in the Southeast
Alder Sawfly pre-pupae in dead alder stem Eagle River April, 2010
Hemlock Sawfly
� Native to SE Alaska
� Common defoliator on western hemlock
� Can cause tree mortality when occurs with budworms
� Population controlled by natural elements
2012 Invasive Stink Bug Detections (Anchorage area)
• Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
• Agricultural pest • Native to Asia;
Introduced to Eastern U.S. and Oregon
• European Gypsy Moth was introduced to the U.S. in 1869 by E. Leopold Trouvelot
• Artist, amateur entomologist, brought the larvae from France to establish a silkworm farm
1900
1994 1965
1934
European Versus Asian GM
• European – Likely introduction
pathway from U.S. or Canada
– Flightless females are sedentary
– About 250 known food plant hosts
– At least seven detections since 1987
• Asian – Likely introduction
pathway from Asia – Female can fly and
disperse before egg laying
– About 600 known food plant host
– Two very recent detections
Tongass Deputy Forest Supervisor Becky Nourse congratulates Customs Officer John Whittaker.
• In 2008 and again in 2012, Customs and Border Protection officers found an Asian gypsy moth egg mass on a ships arriving in Ketchikan
Asian Gypsy Moth
Acknowledgements Nick Lisuzzo, Ken Zogas, Steve Swenson, Lori Winton, John Hard; US Forest Service, Forest Health Protection Roger Burnside; Alaska Division of Forestry Kara Cornum; Customs and Border Protection Michael Rasy; Alaska Cooperative Extension Mark Wipfli, Roger Ruess, David Roon; University of Alaska Charlie Knight, Curtis Knight; Alaska Division of Agriculture Ann Ferguson, Leslie Newton, Clinton Campbell; USDA APHIS Eric LaGasa; Washington DNR