Dirkou

Lagos

Djanet

AjdabiyaAgadir

Massala

Melilla (SP.) Lampedusa(IT.)

Maradah

Tessalit

Arlit

Ceuta(SP.)

GhadamisAdrar

Abidjan

BenghaziOuargla

Oujda-Angad

Alexandria

Gao

Kano

Illizi

Sabha

Tamanrasset

Agadez

Laayoune

Accra

Nouakchott

Porto-Novo

Monrovia

Freetown

Lomé

Niamey

Tripoli

Tunis

Ouagadougou

Dakar

Algiers

Conakry

BissauBissau

Abuja

Bamako

Rabat

Nouadhibou

M ORO C C O

M A L I

GHANA

TUNISIA

L I B Y A

GUINEA-BISSAU

LIBERIA

CABO VERDE

WesternSahara

SPAIN

A L G E R I A

BURKINA FASO

CÔTED’IVOIRE

N I G E R I ASIERRA LEONE

SENEGAL

MAURITANIA

BENIN

THEGAMBIA

TOGO

GUINEA

ITALY

N I G E R

CAMEROON

REP. OFTHE

CONGO

PORTUGAL TURKEY

MALTA

S U D A N

GABON

SOUTH SUDAN

C E N T R A LA F R I C A N

R E P U B L I C

EQUA. GUI.DEM.REP.

OF THECONGO

C H A D

EGYPT

G R E E C E

CanaryIslands(SP.)

S A H A R A D E S E R T

NOTE: Spain arrival data are current as of Oct 2017. Benin,

Niger, and Togo data include 2016 arrivals

to Italy, while Togo data to Spain are

through Oct 2016.

Economic Community of

West African States (ECOWAS); free

movement zone

Economic Community of

West African States (ECOWAS); free

movement zone

UN agencies estimate that more migrants

may die attempting to cross the Sahara than

the Mediterranean.

M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a

M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e aAT L A N T I C

O C E A N

Migration routesand hubs

10,000

5,000

25,000

55,0002016-2017 arrivals to Spain and Italyshown by country of declared nationality

*5,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,000

DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan ’17DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan ’16

Western Mediterranean fatalitiesWestern Mediterranean fatalities

Central Mediterranean fatalitiesCentral Mediterranean fatalitiesArrivals to ItalyArrivals to ItalyLibyan Coast Guard

interdictionsLibyan Coast Guard

interdictionsArrivals to SpainArrivals to Spain

55 22 2121 99 4848 11 1111 1919 00 44 11 77 2828 1313 77 99 22 1010 5656 88 121288 5454

1616779090

258258 611611

11301130 388388 2082084040

341341

431431

703703

374374225225

217217290290 279279

611611 537537

6868

143143102102 160160 193193

99

Number of monthlyfatalities at sea

(indicated by circle)

Number of monthlyfatalities at sea

(indicated by circle)

Demographic breakdown

MaleFemale

65 andolder 35-64 18-34 14-17

13 oryoungerPending applications are not included

Since 2011, 540,000 West and 143,000 North Africans have sought asylum in Europe. Of 550,000 decisions made, 73% of West and 79% of North African asylum applications were rejected.

Decisions on asylum applications lodged since 2011

Senegal 16,450Côte d’Ivoire 19,870

Morocco 26,530Ghana 23,935

The Gambia 29,125Mali 27,240

Guinea 32,455Nigeria 93,910 28,130

7,1858,670

2,4558,325

11,36015,485

13,895

Rejected Positive

Although European and African efforts to reduce irregular migration have successfully lowered overall numbers entering Europe, some migrants are transiting increasingly hazardous smuggling routes across the Sahara Desert and Mediterranean Sea, risking human rights abuses and

indefinite detention. The UN’s voluntary humanitarian return program assisted over 19,000 migrants to return to their home countries from Libya in 2017, up from around 3,000 assisted migrant returns from Libya in 2016. An estimated 400,000–700,000 migrants live in detention in Libya.

Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative February 15, 2018 - U1715 STATE (HIU)

UnclassifiedIrregular Migration from West and North Africa to Europe

Dangerous Routes, Decreasing Numbers

Sources: Eurostat, IOM, UNHCR, press reporting

HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT

U.S. Department of Statehiu_info@state.govhttps://hiu.state.gov