us construction: long road ahead · construction “falling behind the times” productivity...
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![Page 1: US Construction: Long Road Ahead · Construction “falling behind the times” Productivity (Index; 1987=100) 50 75 100 125 150 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052105/604018dafb2e4f47c82f12b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AGCJanuary 2018
US Construction:Long Road Ahead
Manuel BalmasedaCEMEX Chief Economist
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- 2 -
-6.5
-5.5
-4.5
-3.5
-2.5
-1.5
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Jan-
73
Jan-
76
Jan-
79
Jan-
82
Jan-
85
Jan-
88
Jan-
91
Jan-
94
Jan-
97
Jan-
00
Jan-
03
Jan-
06
Jan-
09
Jan-
12
Jan-
15
Jan-
18
US economy: above-trend growth
• Positive global outlook
• Solid fundamentals for domestic demand (job creation, household and corporate balance sheets)
• Impact of the tax reform
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Dec
-14
Feb-
15A
pr-1
5Ju
n-15
Aug
-15
Oct
-15
Dec
-15
Feb-
16A
pr-1
6Ju
n-16
Aug
-16
Oct
-16
Dec
-16
Feb-
17A
pr-1
7Ju
n-17
Aug
-17
Oct
-17
Dec
-17
US Activity Indicator(MA3, % yoy)
Source: CX-Economics
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0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
72 77 82 87 92 97 02 07 12 17
Source: Census and CEMEX. Note: I&C includes lodging, office, commercial and industrial. Infrastructure includes civil works (Highways and Streets, Waste/Water , Utilities, etc) and other buildings (health care, educational, administrative, etc.)
• Construction/GDP ratio decreased 10 points since the early 70s (service oriented economy, productivity).
Total
Infrastructure
Housing
Private Non-Residential
Infras.
H
I&C
Tot.
3.3
3.8
2.3
9.02.4
2.2
1.3
6.0
6.3
5.8
4.4
15.8
Declining share of construction industry
Construction (% GDP)
• All sectors contributed negatively.
• Infrastructure has the deepest decline.
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- 4 -Source: BLS
Construction “falling behind the times”
Productivity (Index; 1987=100)
50
75
100
125
150
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
Construction
Services
Manufacturing • The adoption of technology in construction lagging other sectors
• Falling even behind labor-intensive sectors
• No productivity gains during the “boom” and loses in recessions
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- 5 -
Construction rebounding from a very low base post Great Recession
Source: CX
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
-19 -14 -9 -4 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 4650
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
-19 -14 -9 -4 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46
GDP
Construction
Construction
Total
GDP and Construction since the Great Recession(Peak=100)
Employment (Peak=100)
Quarters Quarters
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Industrial & Commercial
Infrastructure
Housing
6.6
2017 growth (%)
0.9
0.4
- 4.2
Construction during the Great Recession(Peak=100)
Quarters
Total
Housing
PNR
Infras.
Infrastructure: all talk, no business
Source: CX
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
-19 -14 -9 -4 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46
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Infrastructure: clearly not a priority
Infrastructure Color Map
Assessment Looking forward
Disappointing Gaining some traction
Tax reform? Trump’s plan?Priority only on paper, and not even that
2018Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
20172016
-4.5 -1.0 2.1 4.3 1.2 -2.7 -1.8 -2.8 -5.2 -3.7 -7.1 -6.9 -5.0 -4.8 -2.6 -3.5
-0.7 0.5 0.4 -0.4 -1.5 -0.2 1.4 0.5 1.1 2.8 3.5 2.8 4.2 3.1 1.7 1.6 2.4
-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8
-7.8 -1.2 4.2 6.6 -8.3 -10.7 -2.6 -2.5 -3.0 -3.8 -7.2 -6.2 -5.3 -7.4 -8.6 -8.5
4.6 5.6 3.3 3.9 2.1 3.8 6.6 5.3 4.7 4.1 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.5 3.9 1.7
-3.7 -1.0 1.5 3.7 3.8 -0.5 -1.6 -2.9 -5.8 -3.7 -7.0 -7.1 -4.9 -4.2 -1.1 -2.2
Census constr.Employment
State fiscal bal.Census constr.Employment
Census constr.
Total
H&S
Other
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Infrastructure: Civil engineering underperforming
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
H&S
Util
ities
W&
W M
gmt.
Educ
.
Heal
th C
are
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Infrastructure segments(YTD growth)
Educational, Health care and Administrative refers to building construction spending. Source: CX
Infrastructure segments(Shares 2017)
19%
26%
21%
8%
10%
3%
13%
H&S
Utilities
Educ.
W & W
Health care
Administrative
Rest
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- 19 -
The old well-known story: Reality bites
Increasing gap
Funding
Entitlement spending
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Where do we come from?: Reality bites
Increasing gap
$ 1.4 T by 2025(Gap overall infrastructure)
$808.2 B backlog
(Highways and Bridges)
~ $100 B (0.5% of GDP) annually by 2035
(overall infrastructure)
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Where do we come from?: Reality bites
Entitlement spending
State and Local Direct General Spending(by functional category, 1977-2015)
Source: Urban Institute based on Bureau of the Census data, Survey of State and Local Government Finance, 1977-2015.
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WA: 31
OR: 10
CA: 37
MT: 37
ID: 16
NV: 14
UT: 19
AZ: 12NM: 25
CO: 22
WY: 8
ND: 10
SD: 11
NE: 5
KS: 13
OK: 30
TX: 18 LA: 24
AR: 18
MO: 24
IA: 19
MN: 14
WI: 42
IL: 19
MS: 26AL: 11 GA: 11
FL: 9
SC: 14
NC: 12TN: 6
KY: 7VI: 21
WV: 29
OH: 15IN: 15
MI: 37
PN: 29
MD: 22
NJ: 37
NY: 29
ME: 18VT: 25
NH: 7MA: 40
RI: 40CT: 44
DE: 19
Very bad quality (>31)
Defficient quality (11% to 20%)
Good quality (< 10%)
Bad quality (21% to 30%)
Road Quality in 2016 (% of Roads in Poor/Mediocre Condition)
Source: CX based on US News data
Few States have an appropriate road quality
Entitlement spending
Nation: 20%
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AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FLGA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MSMO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NCND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TXUT
VT
VA
WAWV
WI
WY
US
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%
Road Quality and share of H&S spending
% of Highways spending over total spending (2015)
% o
f Roa
ds in
Poo
r/Med
iocr
e C
ondi
tion
(201
6)
Source: CEMEX using US News and BEA data
Entitlement spending
A few States with high road quality: a matter of priorities
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- 24 -
Where do we go?: No positive prospects in the short run
FAST Act funding($ Billion of 2015)
Source: CX estimates
Funding
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1%
TIFIA Projects Authorized(Million $)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
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- 25 -
Crowding in
Trumps’ Plan: too good to be true
• Ambitious: too much crowding in (only 200 B$ from Federal spending).
• State cannibalization plays a key role.
• Timeline: Impact not felt before 2019 if approved (Congress, planning, contract award process around 18 months).
1 T$ to be spent in 10 years on paper
To double construction in a decade
• Cement industry potential gains much larger (H&S weight in construction: 8%; in cement: 30%).
Source: CX
Can
niba
lizat
ion
Extra construction growth per annum in the period 18-22 due to the Plan (%)
Full NoneMid
80%
None
30%
5.0 1.02.5
3.5 0.71.7
1.0 0.20.5
Cannibalization was around 30% during SAFETEA LU (05-09) and 80% during ARRA (09-13)
Funding
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- 26 -
Tax reform?
Capex Hiring Buybacks/dividends Wages
?
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Average = 26%
Beverage (Soft) (23.5%)
Aerospace/ Defense(23.2%)
Real Estate (General/ Diversified)
(22.3%)
Semiconductors (18.9%)
Drugs (Pharmaceutical)
(18.8%)
Healthcare Products(16.5%)
Computer Services(15.6%)
Auto & Truck(12.7%)
Paper & Forest Products(12.6%)
Hotel & Gaming(12.1%)
Chemicals (diversified)
(11.6%)
Oil & Gas (integrated)
(8.0%)
Oil & Gas (production & exploration)
(7.1%)
REITs (2.2%)
Coal and Related Energy (0.7%)
Telecom (wireless)(37.7%)
Trucking(37.5%)
Cable TV(37.2%)
Transportation (Railroads)
(35.9%)
Business & Consumer Svcs.
(35.5%)
Telecom Services(34.8%)
Homebuilding(34.4%)
Retail(34.2%)
Engineering & Construction
(33.9%)
Financial Services (Nonbank/ insurance)
(31.8%)
Office Equipment & Services(31.3%)
Brokerage & Investment Banking
(30.6%)
Bank (money center)
(30.2%)
Utility (general)(30.1%)
Steel(27.6%)
Effective Tax Rates for Money-Making Companies, by Industry
Source: NYU Stern School of Business
HighTax
LowTax
Effe
ctiv
e Ta
x R
ate
27
Tax reform?
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- 28 -
Reconstruction works?
Evolution of daily cement demand
US Texas
Florida Puerto Rico
-5%
0%
5%
10%
Jan-
17
Feb-
17
Mar
-17
Apr-
17
May
-17
Jun-
17
Jul-1
7
Aug-
17
Sep-
17
Oct
-17
Nov
-17
Dec
-17
-10%
0%
10%
20%
Jan-
17
Feb-
17
Mar
-17
Apr-
17
May
-17
Jun-
17
Jul-1
7
Aug-
17
Sep-
17
Oct
-17
Nov
-17
Dec
-17
-25%
-15%
-5%
5%
Jan-
17
Feb-
17
Mar
-17
Apr-
17
May
-17
Jun-
17
Jul-1
7
Aug-
17
Sep-
17
Oct
-17
Nov
-17
Dec
-17
-70%
-40%
-10%
20%
Jan-
17
Feb-
17
Mar
-17
Apr-
17
May
-17
Jun-
17
Jul-1
7
Aug-
17
Sep-
17
Oct
-17
Nov
-17
Dec
-17
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- 29 -
Reconstruction works? Puerto Rico in the dark
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WA: 1.1
OR: 14.2
CA: 9.7
MT: 1
ID: 1.3
NV: 0.6
UT: 11.3
AZ: 10NM: 20.2
CO: 8.5
WY: 14.2
ND: -26.1
SD: 7.5
NE: 0.7
KS: -5.4
OK: 6.3
TX: 4.7 LA: -9
AR: -3.4
MO: 1.3
IA: 3.8
MN: 0.5
WI: -5.3
IL: -6.3
MS: -7.2AL: 3.1 GA: 3.6
FL: 0.2
SC: -1.9
NC: 3TN: 1.9
KY: -4.1VI: 3.7
WV: 14.4
OH: -3.3IN: 6.9
MI: 1.4
PN: 2.6
MD: -0.3
NJ: 0.4
NY: 3.4
ME: 3.1VT: 2.3
NH: 6.3MA: -2.1
RI: 6CT: -3.1
DE: -7.8
Stagnation (-2% / +2%)
Strong Decline ( < -5%)
Strong growth ( > +5%)
Growth (+2% / +5%)
Decline (-5% / -2%)
US: 2.4
Cross-State diversity
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Hous
ing
PNR
H&S
Oth
erPu
blic
Tota
l 202
2
Infrastructure: Mañana, mañana, …
Construction increase 17-22 (B$)
Source: CX
CAGR: 3.7%
39% 22% 8% 31%Weight
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AGCJanuary 2018
US Construction:Long Road Ahead
Manuel BalmasedaCEMEX Chief Economist