us conference of mayors green buildings and climate change july 27, 2006 greg kats
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US Conference of Mayors Green buildings and Climate Change July 27, 2006 Greg Kats. Where LEED fits. General Service Administration study of 5 green building standards Sustainable Building Rating System Summary July, 2006. LEED BREEAM GBTool CASBEE Green Globes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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US Conference of Mayors
Green buildings and Climate ChangeJuly 27, 2006
Greg Kats
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Where LEED fitsGreen Building Markets
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Green Standards
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f M
arke
t A
ttai
nin
g
Re
gu
latio
ns
LawBreakers
Typical PracticeThe Majority
75%
LEEDers25%
InovatorsRiskTakers
Certified
Gold
Silver
Platinum
3
General Service Administration study of 5 green building standards
Sustainable Building Rating System Summary July, 2006
1) LEED2) BREEAM3) GBTool4) CASBEE5) Green Globes
Reasons why LEED different, strongly preferred by GSA1) Covers all project types2) Tracks quantifiable aspects of sustainable design and building
performance3) Trained professionals verify LEED4) Well defined system for incorporating updates: consensus -based5) Most widely used rating system
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LEEDTM Point DistributionLEEDTM Point Distribution
Water
Efficiency
8%Energy &
Atmosphere
27%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Sustainable
Sites
22%
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
23%
Five LEED credit categories
5
BofA Headquarters
6
Greening Affordable Housing
7000 units of efficient, green affordable housing in 2 yearsPartners Include:
Enterprise Community PartnersFannie MaeJPMorgan ChaseBofACitibankAIANRDC
See: www.greencommunitiesonline.org/about-partners.asp
Plaza Appts., San Francisco
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Productivity Gains from High Performance Lighting Systems
Productivity Gains from Implementation of High Performance Lighting Systems
13.2%
6%
3.2% 3%
26.1%
8.5%
6%
3%2%
0.7%1.8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
PP&L / Romm &Browning 1994
Control DataCorp. / NLB
1988
Kuller & Laike1998 (controlled
experiment)
San DiegoFederal Building& Courthouse /
NLB 2002
Katzev 1992(controlled
experiment)
Xerox Corp. /Hedge et al.
1995
Reno PostOffice / Romm
1999
Xerox Corp. /Hedge et al.
1995
ConnecticutGeneral
Insurance /Barnaby 1980
ConnecticutGeneral
Insurance /Barnaby 1980
Boyce et al.1997 (controlled
experiment)
% Im
pro
vem
ent T8/T5 lamps, electronic ballasts, and/or high-
performance fixtures
Indirect lighting fixtures
Increased light levels
Daylight simulating
skylight
CB
PD
/ A
BS
IC B
IDS
™ 2
005
Median 3.2%
Source: Carnegie Mellon University Center for Building Performance, 2005
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Health Gains from Improved Indoor Air Quality
87.3%flu
67.0%SBS
46.0%respiratory
35.0%SBS
33.6%SBS
33.0%SBS
20.0%respiratory
23.5%headache 20.0%
headache
72.5%asthma
15.0%colds
85.0%SBS
61.5%asthma,allergies
47.0%SBS
23.6%asthma
21.4%asthma,mucosal
13.5%bronchial(asthma)
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Drinka et al1996
Jaakkola &Miettinen
1995
Brundage etal 1988
Fisk &Rosenfeld
1997
Bourbeau etal 1997
Sundell 1996 Fisk &Rosenfeld
1997
Kaczmarczyket al 2002
Menzies 1997 Cox-Ganseret al (NIOSH)
2005
Husman et al/ National
Public HealthInstitute 2002
BeijingResidences /Liu et al 1996
AustralianResidences /Garrett et al
1996
Wargocki1998
Wieslander etal 1997
Jaakkola et al1994
OsloResidences /Jaakkola et al
1999
% Im
prov
emen
t/red
uctio
n in
sym
ptom
s
Moisture control
Individual control / task air
Increased outside air Pollutant source control
Average 41.5%
CB
PD
/ A
BS
IC B
IDS
™ 2
005
Source: Carnegie Mellon University Center for Building Performance, 2005
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Energy Efficiency Plus Health & Learning Benefits of Green Schools
33% energy efficiency improvement
over conventional design
plus
Enhanced Indoor Air Quality:
Increased Learning, Productivity & Performance (3%)
Increased Future Earnings of Students (1.4%)
Reduced Asthma (25%)
Reduced Colds and Flu (15%)
Reduced Teacher Turnover (3%)
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Third Creek Elementary School (NC)
800 students moved from 2 older schools in 2002Same students and teachers
3 years prior to move 60% of students on grade level in math and reading2 years post-move 80% on grade
levelNo other changes
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Energy $14
Emissions $1
Water & Wastewater $1
Increased Earnings $37
Asthma Reduction $4
Teacher Retention $4
Employment Impact $3
TOTAL $68
Costs of Green Design $4
NET FINANCIAL BENEFITS $60-$70
The Financial Benefits of Green School Design ($/ft2)
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Benefits not Quantified
• Reduced Teacher Sick Days• Heat Island Reduction• Lower Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Costs• Enhancement of generating system reliability and
improved power quality • Insurance and risk related benefits • Improving Equity and Addressing Spiritual Values • Educational enrichment as an aspect of greener,
healthier facilities
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The green building insurance linkEnergy & Atmosphere
ProfessionalLiability
GeneralLiability
BusinessInterruption
Property
LiabilityHealth
InsuranceLife
Insurance
Prereq 1Fundamental Building Systems
Commissioning (Required) + + + +
Prereq 2Minimum Energy Performance
(Required) +/- + + +/- +
Prereq 3CFC Reduction in HVAC&R
Equipment (Required) +
Credit 1.1Optimize Energy Performance, 20%
New / 10% Existing (2 points) +/- + + +/- + +
Credit 1.2Optimize Energy Performance, 30%
New / 20% Existing (2 points) +/- + + +/- + +
Credit 1.3Optimize Energy Performance, 40%
New / 30% Existing (2 points) +/- + + +/- + +
Credit 1.4Optimize Energy Performance, 50%
New / 40% Existing (2 points) +/- + + +/- + +
Credit 1.5Optimize Energy Performance, 60%
New / 50% Existing (2 points) +/- + + +/- + +
Credit 2.1 Renewable Energy, 5% (1 point) - + +
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15
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Even if we Stop CO2 Emissions Now,
Stabilization will Require Several 100 Years
There is a fundamental asymmetry between the time scales that the climate system reacts to increases in greenhouse gases and the time scales to recover from such increases.
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New World Trade Center
Buildings all LEED
• Security• Global
Warming• Choice of
Standard
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LEED and the 2030 Challenge
• Ashrae 90.1
• Minimum energy efficiency
• Green Power
• Location
• Leveraging USGBC/LEED and 30,000 LEED Accredited Professionals
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Total Electricity Use, per capita, 1960 - 2001
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,0001
96
0
19
62
19
64
19
66
19
68
19
70
19
72
19
74
19
76
19
78
19
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
20
00
KW
h
12,000
8,000
7,000
California
U.S.
kWh
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Ice-Bear™ Cooling Energy Storage
Typical home or business application
• Eliminates ~9kW of on-peak demand
• Stores ~ 50kW-hr of off-peak energy
• Shifts 93% of consumption to off-peak
• Saves annual site energy (kW-hours) 010% to 25% (in typical application)
• 110 units cut ~1MW of on-peak demand and ~1GW-hour of on-peak energy
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Way Station
• Annual Energy Cost
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
fuel kWh Demand Total
$ / f
t²Way - ANNUAL ENERGY COST
Reference Case Low-Energy Case
0.143
0.050
0.728
0.221
0.615
0.186
1.486
0.457
$1.49 $.46
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Example: Cool and Standard Color-Matched Concrete Tiles
• Can increase solar reflectance by up to 0.5• Gain greatest for dark colors
cool
standard
∆R=0.37 ∆R=0.29∆R=0.15∆R=0.23∆R=0.26 ∆R=0.29
CourtesyAmericanRooftile
Coatings
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Reflective Pavements are Cooler
• Fresh asphaltAlbedo: 0.05Temperature: 123°F
• Aged asphaltAlbedo: 0.15Temperature: 115°F
• Prototype asphalt coating
Albedo: 0.51Temperature: 88°F
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Cherokee: Fisherman’s Point - Illustrative
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One LibertyPlaza
Liberty Property
Trust
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Turner Construction Survey (09/04)
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For more Information
• For copies of cost benefit reports and summary slides see: www.cap-e.com
• Re green affordable housing see: www.greencommunitiesonline.org
• Ice Energy: www.ice-energy.com• Alex Frangos, Industry Seeks New Green Building
Standard, Wall Street Journal, March 29, 2006. See http://www.realestatejournal.com/propertyreport/newsandtrends/20060331-frangos.html?refresh=on
• www.newresourcebank.com