U.S. CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION

Chapters 8 & 9

War Begins President ________ pleaded for the continuation of the Union. He also promised the South that he would not interfere with __________ in those states where it already ________.

On April 10, 1861, U.S. Major _____________ waited for additional men and supplies, the new Confederate government directed Brigadier General ______________ to demand the of Fort __________. Major Anderson refused to surrender.

Reconstruction3 important questions confronted the United States after the U.S. Civil War

(1) What would be done with 4 million newly _______ _________? (2) How could______________ differences be healed so that the nation could be reunited?(3) How could the South resurrect itself and its __________?

Freedman’s Bureau Freedmen (__________ __________) faced great hardships. They feared that their _______ _________would try to re-enslave them. Most whites found it difficult to accept former slaves as _______ persons, nor would they accept them as ___________.

The Freedmen’s Bureau, was to help both former __________ and _______ _________ cope with their everyday problems by offering them ____________, food, and other necessities. An important focus was_____________.

Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction President Lincoln developed a plan to rebuild the South and restore the southern states to the Union. The process was known as ________________________.

Lincoln’s plan had two simple steps: 1. All southerners, except for high-ranking Confederate civil and military leaders, would be ___________ aftertaking an _________________ to the United States. 2. When __________of the voters in each state had taken the oath of ____________, the state would be permitted to form a legal government and rejoin the _________________.

_________________ and many northerners thought that the South should be punished harshly. They believed that those Confederate states that seceded should be treated like a conquered country..

Death of President Lincoln April 14, 1865, Lincoln and his wife went to Ford’s ____________ to see a play. __________________, an actor and southern sympathizer, entered Lincoln’s theater box.

Booth shot the President in the back of the head. Booth leapt from the box

and slipped out of _______________without getting caught.

The wounded President was taken to a boarding house across the street from the theater. Lincoln _______________ the next morning. As it turned out, Booth probably did more_________ to the South than __________. Lincoln was no longer around to keep the radical ______________ (favored harsh punishment on the South) in check.

Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction Upon Lincoln’s death, Vice President ____________ _____________ became the nation’s President. Johnson’s plan was much like Lincoln’s plan. However, those who had owned property worth more than $________ or those who had held high civil or military positions had to apply directly to the ____________for a ___________.

After some pressure, President Johnson added several more ____________. First, the southern ___________ had to approve the __________ Amendment, which made slavery _________.

In addition, the southern states had to _____________(declare invalid) their ordinances of secession. (take back the fact that they left the Union). Finally, the southern states had to promise not to __________the __________________ and institutions that had helped finance the Confederacy.

Congressional Reconstruction To ensure states would give equal rights to all, Congress passed the ___________Amendment, which granted ________________ to the freedmen and forbade any state from denying anyone the “equal ______________ of the law.” States must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before they could __________the Union.

Reconstruction Amendments 13th Amendment was designed to ___________________________________________________ 14th Amendment helped to clarify ___________________________________________________ 15th Amendment gave ____________________________________________________________

African Americans in Politics Just after the Civil War ended, twenty-nine African Americans to the Georgia ___________________ and three African Americans to the Georgia __________. Tunis G. Campbell, Jr., Henry McNeal _________, and Aaron A. Bradley were a few of the notable leaders.

All of the African American legislators were _______________in Septemberm1868. Their removal was on the ground that although the _______________ had given them the ________________, it did not specifically give them the right to _____________ office.

Georgia Act & 15th Amendment The 14th Amendment gave all men the right to _____________. However, many African Americans were not given the right to vote in the 1868 ___________ election. As a result, Governor __________ asked Congress for assistance.

As a result, Congress passed the ___________ Act. This act returned Georgia to federal ________________controland required that the state _________ the ___________Amendment before it could return to the Union.

Reconstruction Ends in Georgia The Georgia __________ ___________ ruled that blacks were eligible to hold __________________. When the General Assembly met in January 1870, it reseated the _____________ who had been expelled from the General Assembly in September 1868.

In addition, the legislature again approved the Fourteenth Amendment and _____________the Fifteenth Amendment.

Ku Klux Klan The Klan, as it was called, was one of several secret organizations that tried to keep _______________ from exercising their new civil ____________. The group began in Tennessee, in 1865 as a social club for returning ________________. It quickly changed into a force of ____________. They terrorized and intimidated African Americans to keep them from ______________ and, by doing so, to return control of the state to the __________________.

Sharecropping and Tenant Farming Planters and farmers needed ___________ to work on their land. A ______________ was one type of worker. Under this system, the landowners ________________ land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. The workers agreed to give the owner a ____________ of the ________________ (crops).

Until the workers sold their crops, the owners often let them have food, medicine, clothing, and other supplies at _______________ on __________. The typical sharecropper had little, if any, cash left. Because few sharecroppers could read or _________, the planter or the store owner could easily _________ them.

___________ _____________ was similar to sharecropping. The main difference was that tenants _________ ___________ some agricultural equipment and farm animals, such as mules. They also bought their own seed and fertilizer. Tenant farmers either paid the landowner a ______ ___________ of cash or an agreed-upon ________of the crop. Because tenant farmers _________ _________ than sharecroppers, they usually made a small _________.

Atlanta Seal During Reconstruction Following the Civil War, ___________ adopted a new city seal. The seal was had a ____________ (a mythical bird) that rises from the__________.

Georgia Studies book p.210 This symbol was used to demonstrate that the city of Atlanta was going to rise up from the flames and ashes that resulted when _________ marched through Georgia. The phoenix would bring new ______ to the city. Georgia Studies book p.210