Learning Objectives Urology Kidney/Ureter Stones Symptoms/Signs of renal tract stonesTypes of stone Risk factors/associated conditions eg hyperparathyroidism Investigation TreatmentLeave to pass Extraction percutaneous, ureteroscope, open surgery Lithotripsy Cancer Renal cell carcinoma Risk factors, males>females Presentation history, examination findings Investigation and staging Treatment Surgery Chemotherapy/immunotherapy Prognosis Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of renal pelvis Presentation Investigation Treatment Prognosis Wilms tumour Should be covered in paediatrics Bladder Cancer Incidence Risk factors Presentation Investigations Pathology (TCC, squameous) Staging Treatment SurgeryTransurethral resection Cystectomy Chemotherapy Intra-vesical Systemmic Radiotherapy Prognosis Urinary tract infection Causes/risk factors Symptoms Culture/bacteriology Treatment Ascending infection Vesico-ureteric reflux (may be covered in paediatrics) Testis Mal-descent Presentation location where undescended testes are found Complications Treatment Torsion Presentation - symptoms, signs, typical age at presentationTreatment urgency of treatment, bilateral surgery Infection Presentation Differential diagnosis of testicular pain + inflammation Causes of infection Treatment Cancer Incidence Risk factors Pathological types Age range of presentation Investigation and diagnosis Staging Treatment Surgical Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Prostate Benign HypertrophySigns of urinary obstruction Typical presentation Complications of chronic urinary obstruction Investigation Treatment Pharmacological Surgical Prostatic cancer Presentation Diagnosic tests PSA(normal/abnormal, causes for raised level, investigation of high PSA) StagingGleason score CT scan Bone scan Treatment Localised disease Observation Surgery Radiotherapy Metastatic disease HormonalChemotherapy Radiotherapy Urethra Urethral strictures Causes Complications Treatment Urethral trauma Clinical signs of rupture CausesPelvic/perineal injury Iatrogenic Investigation Treatment Treatment