urban parking issues & studies
TRANSCRIPT
Innovation for better mobilityInnovation for better mobility
Urban Parking Issues & StudiesSouthern California Association of
GovernmentsToolbox Tuesdays
September 27th
Gary Hamrick, Iteris, Inc.
Innovation for better mobility2
City of LA TOD Parking Case Studies
“ Examine the impacts of parking capacity at eight transit stations in Los Angeles”
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Project Objectives and Issues
Study of eight TOD locations Identification of the locations Research & best practices study Data collection at each location
• Number of spaces• Fees• Time limits
Parking occupancy survey Findings and conclusions
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TOD Parking Study Issues/Challenges
Understanding parking environment around TOD locations
Relate parking capacity to transit usage Understand effects of parking costs Understand effects of parking availability Conduct adequate number of case studies Cover various station “area types”
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TOD station area types
Potential station areas to be studied
Urban Neighborhood Urban Center
Mixed Use CenterTransit Neighborhood
CBD/Special District
Suburban Neighborhood Neighborhood Center Office/Industrial District
Business District
Vermont/Santa Monica (Red)
Woodman (Orange) or103rd Station (Blue)
Mariachi Plaza (Gold)
Hollywood/Vine(Red)
Jefferson (Expo) orChinatown (Gold)
San Pedro(Blue)
Warner Center(Orange)
La Cienega/Jefferson(Expo)
Universal City(Red)
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TOD Station place types, by Intensity and Use Mix
Source: Center for Transit-Oriented Development, US Census 2000, US Census Longitudinal Employment-Household Dynamics 2004
Urban Neighborhood
Transit Neighborhood
CBD / Special DistrictUrban Center
Suburban Neighborhood
Business DistrictMixed Use Center
Office/Industrial DistrictNeighborhood Center
HOUSING MIX ( ratio of workers to residents) EMPLOYMENT
INTE
NSI
TY (r
esid
ents
+ w
orke
rs p
er h
alf m
ile)
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City of LA TOD Parking Case Studies Key tasks
Parking inventories ( 1/8th mile radius)• Public• Private• Fee structure
Utilization surveys Research best practices Existing / future parking generation and demand Assess parking relationship to transit station
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City of LA TOD Study locations
1
7
4
5
3
2
6
8
TOD station names
1. Sylmar2. Laurel Canyon3. Hollywood/Vine4. Vermont Sunset5. Wilshire/Western6. San Pedro7. Soto8. Highland Park
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TOD Study Area with Analysis Zones
Analysis area
Zone boundaries
Purple line
Map of Wilshire / Western study area with analysis zones
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Data Collection Issues/Challenges Inventory
Private spaces Garages Residential
Utilization What time periods? How often? Sample size Access
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Data Collection Issues/Challenges Land use
Accuracy of data Building size Current land use
Cost Parking data collection is time consuming!
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Urban Parking Analysis - Methodology Existing conditions inventory Future projections
Land use Growth assumptions Turnover to new uses Block level analysis Mode share Shared use Time of day Weekday v/s Weekend
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Other Research – Best PracticesRobert Cervero Parking policy can influence success of TODs Unbundling cost of parking can make TOD more
viable Walk access and pedestrian environment also
critical Households near TODs tend to own fewer
vehicles Do TODs cause people to own fewer cars or are
people with fewer cars attracted to TODs?
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Other Research – Best Practices
Source: Statewide Transit Oriented Development Study – Parking and TOD: Challenges and Opportunities (Special Report) - Caltrans
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Other Research – Best PracticesAustin, Texas TOD Guidebook Need convenient parking and drop off zones “Enough but not too much” parking ! Locate parking to sides and rear of buildings Keep station and buildings oriented to sidewalk
and pedestrians, and not parking Encourage phased parking – evolve from surface
lots to structures Provide ample, convenient, secure bike parking
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Parking MethodologyExamples
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Harb
orBl
vd
Chapman Ave
Ellis Pl
Malvern Ave
Whiting Ave
Wilshire Ave
Amerige Ave
Commonwealth Ave
Pomo
naAv
e
Santa Fe Ave
Walnut Ave
Malde
nAve
An Iteris Company
NOT TO SCALE
Existing Parking Supply Figure3
33 Public35 Private68 Total
0
11
39
31
0
16
7
30
44
7
7
9
6
3
0
19
20
14
0
3
12
10
38
24
31
14
46
5
178 Public 50 Private
228 Total
33 Public 0 Private33 Total
0 Public82 Private82 Total
0 Public90 Private90 Total
124 Public 71 Private195 Total
366 Public 18 Private
384 Total
132 Public 24 Private156 Total
155 Public 10 Private
165 Total
13 Public 92 Private105 Total 150 Public
20 Private170 Total
KeyOff-StreetParking Spaces
On-StreetParking Spaces
16
178 Public 83 Private261 Total
Public Parking Spaces
Private Parking Spaces
278 Public 15 Private
293 Total
309 Public 13 Private
322 Total
142 Public 0 Private
142 Total
0 Public30 Private30 Total
134 Public 18 Private152 Total
90 Public 0 Private
90 Total
4
Detailed Inventory by Block
Harb
orBl
vd
Whiting Ave
Wilshire Ave
33 Public35 Private68 Total
16
7
19
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
9 AM 10 AM 11 AM 12 PM 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10 PM
Spac
es O
ccup
ied/
Avai
labl
e
Time of Day(December 2004)
DOWNTOWN LONG BEACH PARKING DEMAND - TUESDAY (WITHOUT CITYPLACE)
Occupied
Available
Hourly Demand
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Surplus / Deficit by Block
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Parking “Impacted” Blocks
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Parking Demand Model Block level by land use type
Parking Demand Rate
Residential Restaurant
Ave. 1.5/Unit 10/1000 SF
Area Size
Theoretical Parking
Requirement Size
Theoretical Parking
Requirement
Block 40 52 78 2380 24Block 41 6 9 1475 15Block 42 0 10525 105Block 43 0 0
Block 54+67 0 0Block 57 193 290 2083 21Block 64 61 92 0 0Block 78 24 36 2323 23LB Plaza 0 10600 106Block 81 22 33 1250 13Block 86 65 98 3510 35Block 87 0 0Block 88 142 213 32674 327Block 89 0 17200 172Block 90 8 12 2500 25Block 91 0 1125 11Block 102 0 0Block 103 0 0Block 104 0 15592 156Block 105 0 7994 80Block 110 0 4925 49Block 111 0 2300 23Block 112 0 0Block 113 0 2000 20
Totals 573 860 120456 1205
Use local parkingcode as parkingdemand rates or other factors
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Parking Demand Model Block level with modal adjustments & shared use
Parking Reduction
Residential Restaurant0% Walk/Bike
0% Transit0% Shared Use
5% Walk/Bike5% Transit
10% Shared Use
Area Number
Reduced Parking
Requirement Number
Reduced Parking
Requirement
Block 40 78 78 24 19Block 41 9 9 15 12Block 42 0 0 105 84Block 43 0 0 0 0
Block 54+67 0 0 0 0Block 57 290 290 21 17Block 64 92 92 0 0Block 78 36 36 23 19LB Plaza 0 0 106 85Block 81 33 33 13 10Block 86 98 98 35 28Block 87 0 0 0 0Block 88 213 213 327 261Block 89 0 0 172 138Block 90 12 12 25 20Block 91 0 0 11 9Block 102 0 0 0 0Block 103 0 0 0 0Block 104 0 0 156 125Block 105 0 0 80 64Block 110 0 0 49 39Block 111 0 0 23 18Block 112 0 0 0 0Block 113 0 0 20 16
Totals 860 860 1205 964
Able to adjust walk, bike, transit and shared use factors
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Parking Demand Model Time of day projections
Block 40 WeekdayLand Use Residential Restaurant
Spaces Reduced by Mode Split 78 19Hour % Spaces % Spaces
6:00 AM 100 78 0 07:00 AM 95 74 2 08:00 AM 90 70 5 19:00 AM 87 68 10 210:00 AM 85 66 20 411:00 AM 85 66 30 612:00 PM 85 66 50 101:00 PM 85 66 70 132:00 PM 85 66 60 113:00 PM 85 66 60 114:00 PM 87 68 50 105:00 PM 90 70 70 136:00 PM 92 72 90 177:00 PM 94 73 100 198:00 PM 96 75 100 199:00 PM 98 76 100 1910:00 PM 99 77 90 1711:00 PM 100 78 70 1312:00 AM 100 78 50 10
May want to customize hourly factors in place of ULI time of day factors
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Summary Parking studies help assess current parking and need for future parking Los Angeles TOD Parking project will assess the relationship of parking to
transit at TODs/stations Significant parking data are required Parking data are time consuming to collect Data collection issues:
o Inventory and access to private parkingo Residential versus commercial parking spaceso Time of day to surveyo Day of week to surveyo Accurate land use information, by block
Variations by type of area ( urban, suburban, density, transit service, etc.) need to be addressed
Causality – does parking and auto ownership drive transit use or the other way around, or both?
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Questions?
Gary HamrickVice President/Regional Manager400 Oceangate, Suite 480, Long Beach, CA [email protected]