urban forest hurricane recovery program
DESCRIPTION
Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program. http://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu. Restoring trees after a hurricane. Edward F. Gilman and Traci Jo Partin. Know when to restore…. Assess damage first before deciding to restore. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Urban Forest Hurricane Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery ProgramRecovery Program
http://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu
![Page 2: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Restoring trees after a hurricane
Edward F. Gilman and Traci Jo Partin.
![Page 3: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Know when to restore…
Assess damage first before deciding to restore.
To learn about which trees can be restored and which should be removed, refer to our website:
http://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu
![Page 4: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How long does restoration take?A tree requires 2-5 years or more to
restore depending on various factors:
• Size of tree- smaller trees take less time to recover
• Age - mature trees will require more time and maintenance
• Species - decay resistant trees will recover better
• Amount of damage - more damage done = more time and visits
![Page 5: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Restoration pruning
1. After the hurricane: Develop a response plan
2. A few years later: Implement a multi-year
restoration pruning program
![Page 6: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Response PlanImmediately following stormStep 1: Remove hazards
Step 2: Stake fallen trees where possible
Step 3: Clean canopies of damaged trees
Before the next visit• Allow trees to regenerate energy reserves
• Develop a tree management program in the community
![Page 7: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Immediately following storm: Step 1Remove all hazards:
- Fallen tree or branch near power lines
- Broken, cracked, and hanging limbs located near property
- Large, fallen trees blocking traffic areas
DANGEROUS! Only experienced workers should handle these situations!
![Page 8: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Immediately following storm: Step 2Stake fallen/leaning trees when possible:
• Small trees (approximately 4 inches trunk diameter or less) OR• Recently planted
Do not let the roots dry out! Water and cover with tarp until tree can be re-planted.
![Page 9: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How to Stand a Tree Up1. Keep roots moist.
2. Excavate the hole to accommodate roots.
3. Cut jagged or torn roots with sharp tools, making clean cuts.
4. Pull tree up and backfill with site soil.
Take measures to protect the trunk.
Do not plant deep.
![Page 10: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How to Stand a Tree Up5. Water as if the tree were
recently planted. Irrigate 3x a week with 3 gallons/inch trunk diameter. There is no need to fertilize at this time.
6. Stake the tree. Adjust stakes and remove when tree is stable.
![Page 11: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Immediately following storm: Step 3
Clean canopies of damaged trees:
Remove broken, hanging stems first so that branches do not fall and cause injury.
lateral
lateral
![Page 12: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Canopy Cleaning
Make clean cuts on stubs, breaks, and tears.
Reduce back to lateral branch if one is present.
![Page 13: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Heading cuts are used when no laterals are nearby
Heading cut
![Page 14: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Example of tree after canopy cleaning
![Page 15: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Do not top your trees!Topping severely reduces the entire canopy of a tree, cutting large limbs back to stubs.
This practice is very harmful to the health of the tree.
![Page 16: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Canopy cleaning on palms• Remove broken, hanging, or
dead fronds that could fall and hit a target
• Leave bent green fronds attached to palm until new fronds emerge fully
• Leave fronds that are yellowing or have brown tips. Establish fertilization program to correct nutrient deficiencies
![Page 17: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Palm cleaning
Leave live fronds
Remove dead fronds
![Page 18: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Leave green, bent fronds
![Page 19: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Remove broken fronds that are smothering the bud
![Page 20: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Remove dead and hanging fronds
• Leave yellowing fronds attached
• Overpruning leads to
stress and decline
![Page 21: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Response PlanImmediately following stormStep 1: Remove potential hazardsStep 2: Stake fallen trees where possibleStep 3: Clean canopies of damaged trees
Before the next visit• Allow trees to regenerate energy reserves• Develop a tree management program in the
community
![Page 22: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Allow time for sprouting so that trees can regenerate energy reserves.
![Page 23: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
How long?
Deciduous and broadleaf evergreen trees:
• Trees should begin sprouting by spring of the year following the hurricane (April for hardiness zones 9-11).
• Wait until sprout growth slows before next pruning visit.
![Page 24: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pines• Pines do not sprout.
When all of the needles are brown, the tree will not recover.
• Remove
![Page 25: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Palms• Allow at least 6 months after the storm for palms to
put out new growth.• Approximately 1 to 2 years before palms appear
normal with a full canopy.
![Page 26: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Develop a tree management program
• Work with homeowners and community planners to create a tree management program that allows routine arborist visits.
• Regular pruning will build strong tree structure and minimize failure in future storms.
![Page 27: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Restoration outline
1. After the hurricane: Develop a response plan
2. A few years later: Implement a multi-year
restoration pruning program
![Page 28: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Factors that affect restoration• Size of tree
Large maturing shade tree vs. small, ornamental tree.
• AgeEstimate by comparing the trunk diameter to the size the species reaches at full maturity.
• SpeciesIs the species prone to decay? Have poor growth habit?
• Amount of damageWhat percentage of the canopy is damaged?
![Page 29: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pruning program: large maturing trees
Time needed
to restore:
Young (under 10” dbh*)
Medium-aged (10-20” dbh)
Mature (over 20” dbh)
• 2 – 4 yrs. • about three visits
• 3 – 5 yrs.• three to five visits
• 5 + yrs.• five or more visits
* dbh – diameter at breast height** These measurements are approximations to help determine age, but vary with species and growth rate.
![Page 30: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Pruning program: small, ornamental trees
Time needed
to restore:
Young (under 5” dbh)
Medium-aged (5-10” dbh)
Mature (over 10” dbh)
• 2 – 3 yrs. • about two visits
• 3 – 4 yrs.• about three visits
• 4 + yrs.• four or more visits
* dbh – diameter at breast height** These measurements are approximations to help determine age, but vary with species and growth rate.
![Page 31: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Species: trees that resist decay make better candidates for restoration
Trees that resist decay Trees prone to decay
Live oakMahogany
Gumbo-limbo Tamarind
Laurel oakRoyal poinciana
FicusOrchid tree
![Page 32: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Good compartmentalizer
![Page 33: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Poor compartmentalizer
![Page 34: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Species: trees with good structure will
require less pruning attention Trees with good structure Trees with poor structure
BaldcypressSweetgum
Southern magnoliaLive oak
MahoganyRed maple
PecanLaurel oak
![Page 35: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Weak vs. Strong
![Page 36: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Amount of damage
50% canopy damage
► Come back after two years
30% canopy damage
► Come back after one year
![Page 37: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Amount of damageMore than 50% canopy loss: Monitor carefully over two year period and decide whether tree is recovering or declining.
![Page 38: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Restoration pruning programFirst visit (1 - 2 years after storm or later)
Sprout management“reduce some, remove some, leave some”
Second, third visits (space visits 1 year apart)Establish a new leader at the ends of broken stems through continued sprout management
Later visits (~ 4 years after storm)Preventive pruning to reduce and remove codominant stems
![Page 39: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Sproutsemerging
![Page 40: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Over time, sprouts develop woody stems and can grow into strong lateral branches
…but they need your help!
![Page 41: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Reduce some- Shorten 1/3 of the sprouts. They will continue to store energy, but will eventually be removed.
Remove some- Remove 1/3 of the sprouts to allow space for the most vigorous ones to grow.
Leave some- These will develop into the new branches.
![Page 42: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sprout management
![Page 43: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Reduce someRemove someLeave some
Once growth slows a bit…
![Page 44: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Before
After
![Page 45: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
After first restoration
pruning
![Page 46: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Restoration pruning programFirst visit (1 - 2 years after storm or later)
Sprout management“reduce some, remove some, leave some”
Second, third visits (space visits 1 year apart)Establish a new leader at the ends of broken stems through continued sprout management
Later visits (~ 4 years after storm)Preventive pruning to reduce and remove codominant stems
![Page 47: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Establishing new leaders1. During canopy cleaning, make
pruning cut on limb
2. Let branches sprout
3. After sprout growth slows, reduce some, remove some, leave some
4. Select sprout to be the new leader.
- Look for lateral branches and collar
![Page 48: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The swelling at the base of the branch is called a collar.
Presence of a collar indicates a strong attachment.
![Page 49: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Establishing new leaders
• New leaders can seal over damaged tips on broken stems 4 inches or less in diameter
• Larger stems (2 - 4 inches) = more time and sprout management
![Page 50: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Storm breaks off top
![Page 51: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Storm breaks off top
![Page 52: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Reduce back to lateral Tie to stake
![Page 53: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Before After
![Page 54: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
8 months later
![Page 55: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
8 months later
Close-up
![Page 56: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Begin restoration
Beforepruning
Afterpruning
![Page 57: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Begin restoration
Beforepruning
Afterpruning
Notice that there are two sprouts at the same point.
One will be removed later so the other can dominate.
Top two branches removed with one cut
![Page 58: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
One year after initial damage
![Page 59: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Restoration pruning programFirst visit (1 - 2 years after storm or later)
Sprout management“reduce some, remove some, leave some”
Second, third visits (space visits 1 year apart)Establish a new leader at the ends of broken stems through continued sprout management
Later visits (~ 4 years after storm)Preventive pruning to reduce and remove codominant stems
![Page 60: Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815c2a550346895dca0269/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
To learn about preventive pruning…
Visit Ed Gilman’s website:
http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody
Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Programhttp://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu