Upgraded Emission Inventory Upgraded Emission Inventory of Pakistan for the Year 2005of Pakistan for the Year 2005

ByBy

SSajjad ajjad SSaeedaeed1,2

IImran mran SShahidhahid22

DDr.r. Shoaib R Shoaib Razaaza22

1- Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan.1- Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2- Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2- Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.

3rd Malé Declaration emissions inventory 3rd Malé Declaration emissions inventory

workshop (28th Jan – 01workshop (28th Jan – 01stst Feb 2008), AIT Bangkok. Feb 2008), AIT Bangkok.

IntroductionIntroduction Pakistan is located within the latitudinal and Pakistan is located within the latitudinal and

longitudinal extensions 24°N to 37°N and 61°E to 76°E longitudinal extensions 24°N to 37°N and 61°E to 76°E respectivelyrespectively

The country is located in sub-tropics as well as in The country is located in sub-tropics as well as in temperate regiontemperate region

Total Population of Pakistan is 151.55 millions (78.86 Total Population of Pakistan is 151.55 millions (78.86 m Males and 72.69 m Females).m Males and 72.69 m Females).

Total number of registered vehicles in Pakistan is Total number of registered vehicles in Pakistan is 5209016.5209016.

Total Road Length is 259758 km (162879 High type Total Road Length is 259758 km (162879 High type and 96879 Low type).and 96879 Low type).

Approximately 36 groups of small and large industries Approximately 36 groups of small and large industries are working in the country.are working in the country.

Physiographic Map of PakistanPhysiographic Map of Pakistan

GCISC/PMD

Environmental Issues in PakistanEnvironmental Issues in Pakistan

Unchecked use of hazardous Chemicals, vehicle emissions and Unchecked use of hazardous Chemicals, vehicle emissions and Industrial activity has contributed to a number of Environmental Industrial activity has contributed to a number of Environmental issues and health hazards (such as water pollution).issues and health hazards (such as water pollution).

Much of the country lacks potable water owing to the industrial Much of the country lacks potable water owing to the industrial waste and agricultural runoff that has contaminated the drinking waste and agricultural runoff that has contaminated the drinking water.water.

The widespread use of the low quality fuel combined with a The widespread use of the low quality fuel combined with a substantial increase in the number of vehicles has led to significant substantial increase in the number of vehicles has led to significant air pollution air pollution

(U.S Energy Information Administration 2005). (U.S Energy Information Administration 2005).

Data Used Data Used

Activity data was collected from:Activity data was collected from: Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2005.Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2005. Pakistan Energy Year book 2005Pakistan Energy Year book 2005 IEA and FAO datasets. IEA and FAO datasets. Some other sources available on internet.Some other sources available on internet.

Emissions from Combustion in Emissions from Combustion in Manufacturing IndustriesManufacturing Industries

Total Emissions from Combustion in Manufacturing Industries during 2005

51.99 73.31

470.76

10.30 0.20 21.55 0.000

100

200

300

400

500

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emis

sion

s (K

t/Yr)

Emissions from Agriculture SectorEmissions from Agriculture Sector

Total Emissions from Agriculture Sector during 2005

4.14 72.53

562.71

77.70

1564.68

61.10 61.10

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emis

sion

s (K

t/ Ye

ar)

Emission from Transport SectorEmission from Transport Sector

Total Emissions from Transport Sector during 2005

2.73 28.71 37.78129.56

0.00

882.57

306.50

0

200

400

600

800

1000

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutant

Em

issi

on

s (K

t/Y

r)

Emissions from Combustion in Emissions from Combustion in Energy IndustriesEnergy Industries

Total Emissions from Combustion in the Energy Industries

1.28

142.15

15.722.11 0.55 1.00 1.00

0

50

100

150

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emiss

ions

(Kt/Y

r)

Emissions from Combustion in Emissions from Combustion in Other SectorsOther Sectors

Total Emission from Combustion in Other Sectors during 2005

30.71 96.06

4869.31

524.1975.04 139.75 0.08

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emis

sion

s (K

t/Yr)

Emissions from Industrial Emissions from Industrial ProcessesProcesses

Total Emissions from Industrial processes during 2005

9.60 0.09 1.52 1.07 0.00

574.08

109.86

0

100200

300

400

500600

700

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emis

sion

s (K

t/Yr)

Fugitive Emissions from FuelsFugitive Emissions from FuelsTotal Fugitive emissions from fuels during 2005

7.36 5.05 0.77

142.29

0.71 2.23 1.150

20406080

100120140160

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emis

sion

s (K

t/Yr)

Emission from Solvents and other Emission from Solvents and other products used and Human Excretaproducts used and Human Excreta

Total Emissions from Solvent and other product use During 2005

11.27

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emiss

ions (

Kt/Yr

)

Total Emissions from Human excreta during 2005

157.78

0

50

100

150

200

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

PollutantsEm

issio

ns (K

t/Yr)

Emissions from Vegetation Fires Emissions from Vegetation Fires and Forestryand Forestry

Total Emissions from Vegetation fires and Forestry during 1990-2000

2.67 11.47

486.72

37.91 6.08 49.14 42.59

0

200

400

600

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emiss

ions (

Kt/Yr

)

Total Anthropogenic Emissions Total Anthropogenic Emissions during the Year 2005during the Year 2005

Total anthropogenic Emissions during 2005

110.48 429.36

6445.29

936.40

1805.05 1731.42

522.28

01000200030004000500060007000

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Pollutants

Emis

sion

s (K

t/Yr)

ConclusionsConclusions The major pollutants emitted from different sources The major pollutants emitted from different sources

in Pakistan are CO,NHin Pakistan are CO,NH33.and PM10 and NMVOC..and PM10 and NMVOC...

The major source of CO are the combustions in The major source of CO are the combustions in manufacturing industries and other sectors like manufacturing industries and other sectors like residential, commercial, agriculture, Forestry, residential, commercial, agriculture, Forestry, Fishing etc. Where as PM10 is mainly emitted from Fishing etc. Where as PM10 is mainly emitted from the transport sector and the industrial processes the transport sector and the industrial processes which includes the production of metals, mineral which includes the production of metals, mineral products, chemicals etc.products, chemicals etc.

Maximum emission of NHMaximum emission of NH33 is from Agriculture sector is from Agriculture sector due to excessive use of N-containing fertilizers, due to excessive use of N-containing fertilizers, manure management and burning of agriculture manure management and burning of agriculture crops residuecrops residue..

Problems EncounteredProblems Encountered Lack of relevant activity data. The data Lack of relevant activity data. The data

available is not in proper format. available is not in proper format. The sector ‘Vegetation Fires and Forestry’ The sector ‘Vegetation Fires and Forestry’

and sub sector ‘Waste incineration’ are not and sub sector ‘Waste incineration’ are not covered due to un availability of data. FAO covered due to un availability of data. FAO data available on Vegetation Fires and data available on Vegetation Fires and Forestry for the period 1990-2000 was used Forestry for the period 1990-2000 was used to fill this gap. to fill this gap.

The data from large point sources was not The data from large point sources was not available for the above period.available for the above period.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Special thanks are due to Mr. Harry Special thanks are due to Mr. Harry Vallack, Stockholm Environment Institute, Vallack, Stockholm Environment Institute, York, for his kind guidance and valuable York, for his kind guidance and valuable comments on the previous work of one of comments on the previous work of one of us (S.S) on emission inventory which was us (S.S) on emission inventory which was presented in the 2presented in the 2ndnd workshop held during workshop held during 2626thth February– 02 February– 02ndnd March, 2007, in AIT, March, 2007, in AIT, Bangkok Thailand. Bangkok Thailand.