Update on Livestock and Fish research program output 2: Gender and value chains

Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Froukje Kruijssen and Emily Ouma

Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013

Output 2: “Strategies and approaches through which women and marginalized groups improve the nature and level of participation in livestock and fish value chains”

• Develop M and E indicators and build capacity with partners to track interventions that overcome gender based constraints (reported on Day 2)

• Contribute to M&E L&F framework to include engendered indicators (reported on Day 2)

• Develop rapid and in-depth tools for engendered analysis and identification of interventions, including social analysis tools

VC Toolkit Development: Progress (2012-2013)

• Tools development largely completed

• Nov 2012: initial VCA tool development (small group)

• Feb 2013: writeshop for further tools development (larger group)– Based on feedback– Refined tools based on set of key research questions

and indicators

• Further refinement in 2014 based on feedback

Tool applications

• VCA:

– Uganda Pig– Tanzania Dairy– Ethiopia Small Ruminants– India Dairy– Nicaragua dual purpose (about to start)

• VC benchmarking:

– Tanzania (pre-writeshop)– field tested and applied in Botswana (Smallholder

Competitiveness project)– Preparing in Ethiopia

VC Toolkit Development: Next steps

• Reviewing usage & usefulness of the tools (2014)

• Development of database and guidelines for training, implementation analysis and review

• Tracking of tool usage and revision based on lessons learned (2014)

• Simplify wiki, make it easier for users

• Internal review process of tools, reports , best-bets

– Decide on process for feedback on content, consistency and quality

• Address question on tool ‘harmonization’:– Tools are being adapted, but what common themes &

questions are being kept? • Discuss & agree on prioritization process for identifying best-

bets interventions & ex ante analysis

Some challenges

• How do the tools relate to the IDO and M&E indicators?

– Do the tools capture the needed/proposed gender M&E indicators? If not, how do we address this?

– What impact assessment methods/approaches will be used to assess the impact of the L&F program (overall and for each VC and theme)?

– Is the current level of communication among the L&F value chains sufficient to foster learning as they move along with their respective work plans? If not, how do we best achieve this?

Application of the toolkit at district and village levels• Launching workshops with district

authorities and technical staff.• Review of VCA tool-kit with

district technical staff, and coordination of field work.

• Farmers participating in VCA sessions selected at random from lists provided by local partners.

Application of the VCA tools: experiences from the Uganda pig value chain

The application of the producer VCA tool-kit at district / village level (2)

Plenary session to introduce all participants to the VCA tool-kit.

Farmer’ focus group discussions in 35 villages (40 farmers per village and 7-10 key informants).

Farmers distributed at random in 4 groups, with two facilitators per group, to work on specific tools.

Mixed or gender disaggregated groups according to the nature of the tools applied.

The application of the producer VCA tool-kit at district / village level (3)

Separate focus group discussion with key-informants (information at village level).

Plenary session to review/discuss constraints and opportunities identified in small groups working with specific technology components.

The application of the VCA tool-kit at district / village level (4)

Key informants Mixed group

Only women Plenary session

Some resultsPig income control and decision making - VCA

Men groups

Masaka Mukono Kamuli0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Male only Joint Female only

Pig income control and decision making-VCA

Women groups

Masaka Mukono Kamuli0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Male only Joint Female only

Activity clock – Men

6.00a.m.

Wake up, check on cattle & pigs, then tether.

Farming then back home for

breakfast

2.00p.m.

10.00p.m.

Have supper and listen

to news

8.00p.m.

Return animals from grazing areas and continue with leisure

Leisure (resting, local

beer drinking)

6.00p.m.

Lunc

h

1.00p.m.

11.00a.m. Mix feeds for pigs and thereafter go for agro-trading or other income generating activities such as “boda-boda”

7.00a.m.

Sleep

Activity clock - Women

Fetc

h w

ater

, pre

pare

lunc

h,

feed

ing

anim

als

(pig

s an

d ca

ttle

)

6.00a.m.

Serve supper, listen to

news & radio programs

Prepare supper

10.00p.m.

8.00p.m.

Collect animal feeds, water

and feed animals and bathe

children

4.00p.m.

Serv

e lu

nch,

clea

n

uten

sils a

nd b

athe

then

rest

a bi

t

2.00p.m.

7.00a.m.

Farming, collect animal feed, firewood and family food (vegetables) and banana leaves; other merchandising activitiesWake up, clean house and kraal,

prepare breakfast and children to

school

12.00p.m.

6.00p.m.

Sleep

Implication of women’s time constraints: Extension and interventions. How much time do they have available?, How time-consuming and labor-intensive are the interventions, How far can they travel for trainings?

15

Sources of water

Masaka Mukono Kamuli0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Borehole well Tap/piped water Other

% o

f hou

seho

lds

On average, time taken to water source: 15 – 25 minutes. Fetching water:-responsibility of children (64%) and women

(19%).

16

Access to extension servicesDistrict Sub-county Source of extension service (% of respondents)

NAADS* NGOs Other farmers AHSP**

Masaka Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

Kkingo 13 21 0 0 0 0 0 0Kyanamukaka 50 11 0 0 38 21 0 0Katwe-Butego 33 43 33 57 67 43 0 0Kimanya-Kyabakuza

25 15 0 0 25 50 0 0

Nyendo-Ssenyange

40 25 0 0 0 0 40 21

Kabonera 20 5 15 13 0 0 0 0Kamuli Kitayunjwa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Namwendwa 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0Bugulumbya 14 4 19 12 0 0 0 0

Mukono Mukono TC 7 28 0 11 0 0 0 0Goma 33 25 0 0 25 13 50 38Kyampisi 12 5 12 38 18 10 15 5Ntenjeru 10 10 0 0 6 0 0 0

17

Application of VCA toolkit – other value chain actors

Feed stockists (n = 36) Live pig traders (n = 86) Village veterinarians (n = 53) Agro-vet stockists (n = 36) Village boar owners (n = 90) Pork retailers (n = 20) Benchmarking household survey – (n = 348

households)

18

Pig value chain actors

Feed stockists Veterinary services/agrovets

Village boar breeding

Pig traders Slaughterers Pork retailers0

102030405060708090

100

Men Women

Functions

% o

f res

pond

ents

19

Decision-maker on pig sales in the last 12 months – household level benchmarking survey

Masaka Mukono Kamuli0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Men Joint householdWomen Non-household member

Application of the VCA tools: Key lessons

• Quite detailed, thereby lots of engendered information can be obtained.

• Lengthy: producer VCA tool-need about 6 hours to implement with mixed parallel and plenary sessions (and 2-3 breaks).

• Good training and facilitation skills key.

• Moving forward: - Analysis of qualitative data from the VCA.

• Translating the gendered information and ensuring inclusiveness in the design of technology and institutional interventions.

CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.

CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish

livestockfish.cgiar.org