update on international regulations to prevent pollution ... - stefan micallef.pdf · international...

MARINE ENVIRONMENT DIVISION

Dr. Stefan MicallefDirector

Marine Environment Division, IMO

Asia-Pacific Oil Spill Prevention & Preparedness ConferencePerth, Australia, 2-6 May 2016

Update on International Regulations to Prevent Pollution of the Sea by Ships

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• A specialized agency of the United Nations• The IMO Convention was adopted in 1948 and IMO first met in 1959• 171 member States• Develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping• Safe, secure and efficient shipping on cleaner oceans

International Maritime Organization


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Technical work of IMO

Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)

Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR) Evaluation of safety and pollution hazards of liquid substances in bulk transportedby ships; control and management of harmful aquatic organisms in ships' ballastwater and sediments, and biofouling; prevention of air pollution from ships;consideration of impact of Black Carbon on the Arctic; and pollution preparedness,response and cooperation for oil and hazardous and noxious substances.

Sub-Committees under MEPC and MSCSub-Committee on Implementation of IMO Instruments (III)Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers (CCC)


Environmental issues

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Development of international regulations

Adoption of new regulation or amendment to existing measure

Development of draft Regulation, circular, Code or resolution

Discussion, refer to Sub-Committee, working group

Proposal to IMO Committee

Development of idea


TORREY CANYON, 1967 AMOCO CADIZ, 1978 ERIKA, 2000

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IMO’s work on environmental issues


• Ballast water management• Air pollution and energy efficiency• GHG emissions• PSSAs• OPRC Convention• Black Carbon emissions• Ship recycling• Polar Code• OSV Chemical Code• ……and others

Presentation topics

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The Ballast Water Management Convention

• Adopted on 13th of February 2004

• Ballast Water Exchange to meet “D-1” Standard

• Ballast Water Treatment to meet “D-2” Standard

• Alternate Options to provide equivalent environmental protection as Options 1 and 2


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Entry into force

• Entry into force 12 months after the date on which not less than 30 States, the combined tonnage of which constitute no less than 35% of world merchant tonnage, have acceded.

• 49 countries have acceded to date. The tonnage is currently at most 34.79%.

• Ratification process ongoing in a number of countries entry into force drawing closer

Indonesia’s Minister of Transportation,H.E. Ignasius Jonan, deposited the instrument of accession during the29th session of the IMO Assembly(24 November 2015)


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Why has ratification taken more than 10 years?

• Lack of associated guidelines

• Adequate testing facilities

• Lack of ballast water management systems (BWMS)

• Installation capacity, bottlenecks?

• Port State control, sampling and analysis

• Robustness of Guidelines (G8)

• Costs

• Political will


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Removal of barriers for ratification and implementation


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• 55 have been granted IMO Basic Approval• MEPC granted Final Approval to 3 systems, so far 40 have been

granted IMO Final Approval• 65 systems have been granted Type Approval by their

Administration

Dozens more are under development and in various stages of the approval process

Technologies are available!• BWMS typically cost US$ 0.5-2m, depending on ship type and

size

Availability of ballast water managementsystems


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…particularly in relation to:

• reliability in various water conditions (°C, PSU, turbidity etc.);• test protocols, transparency, failed tests etc;• PSC sampling and analysis; and • US regulations.

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The robustness of Type Approval in accordance with Guidelines (G8) has been criticized


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Non penalization of early movers: • No need to replace BWMS type approved in accordance with current

Guidelines (G8)• BWMS which is operated and maintained correctly does not need to

be replaced due to occasional lack of efficacy• No sanctions, warnings, detentions etc. solely due to occasional

exceedance of D-2 if BWMS installed and operated correctlyWay forward:• Guidance on contingency measures to be developed• Trial period to be expanded into an experience building phase during

which data is to be collected on technologies that do not meet D-2• Submissions invited to MEPC 70

Roadmap for the implementation of the BWM Convention


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• Study on the implementation of the ballast water performance standard (reg. D-2);

• Further progress on the review of the Guidelines (G8);

• Approved amendments to regulation B-3 of the Convention to reflect resolution A.1088(28), for circulation after entry into force of Convention;

• Deferred the consideration of exceptions and exemptions to MEPC 70;

• Arrangement for intersessional work

Outcome of MEPC 69


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• MARPOL Annex VI:• 1997 Protocol adopted in 1997• Entered into force on 19 May 2005

• Revisions of Annex VI:• Adopted in October 2008• Entered into force on 1 July 2010

• Chapter 4 on Energy Efficiency• Adopted in July 2011• Entered into force on 1 January 2013

Air Pollution and Energy Efficiency – MARPOL Annex VI

• Number of Contracting States: 86 (as of 25 April 2016)• The combined merchant fleets of which constitute approximately

95.73% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant fleet


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Air pollution - Fuel oil availability

Regulation 14.1.3 of Annex VI:

1 The sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the following limits: …

.3 0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020.

• Regulation 14.8 of Annex VI:

A review of the standard set forth in paragraph1.3 of this regulation shall be completed by2018 to determine the availability of fuel oil tocomply with the fuel oil standard set forth in thatparagraph and shall take into account thefollowing elements:.1 the global market supply and demand for

fuel oil …...2 an analysis of the trends in fuel oil markets;

and.3 any other relevant issue etc.

Steering Committee• MEPC 68 (May 2015) approved Terms of

Reference for the assessment of fuel oilavailability review

• MEPC 68 established a Steering Committeeto oversee the review and agreed is the defacto “group of experts” to develop the“appropriate information to inform the decisionof the Parties”

• MEPC 69 considered a progress report on thereview of fuel oil availability, following the fourmeetings of the Steering Committee

• study to be submitted to MEPC 70

• agreed, in principle, that a final decisionshould be taken at MEPC 70 on the date ofimplementation of the 0.50% sulphur limit sothat maritime Administrations and industry canprepare and plan accordingly

Review required by MARPOL reg VI/14.8


MARPOL regulations

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Air pollution - Fuel oil quality


Development of control measures agreed

Development Where we are Concerns raised over “out of specification”

marine fuels which are serious safety issue;

MEPC 66: agreed to develop possible quality control measures prior to fuel oil being delivered to a ship

MSC 93: recognized “out of specification” marine fuels are serious safety issue

MEPC 67: majority supported development of non-mandatory guidance; also need to consider adequacy of current legal framework, establish a GC to report back at 68

MSC 94: encouraged joining of MEPC CG to ensure safety considerations are taken into account

• MEPC 69 considered the report of CG, re-established it to further develop draft guidance on best practice for fuel oil purchasers/users and Member States/coastal States; encouraged the fuel oil supply industry to develop draft best practice for fuel oil providers.

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Energy Efficiency and its Regulatory framework


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New ships - EEDI review

MEPC 67 established a Correspondence Group on EEDI review to review the status of technological developments relevant to implementing Phase 2 of the EEDI regulations; and

MEPC 69 considered the interim report together with commenting documents, re-established the CG and instructed it to continue its work, in particular with the review of ro-ro cargo ships and ro-ro passenger ships and ice-class ships


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Monitoring of emissions


Data collection system for fuel consumptionDevelopment Data Collection system

• MEPC 65 (May 2013) considered a proposal by the US to enhance the energy efficiency of international shipping through a phased approach:

1. data collection;2. data analysis; and3. decision-making on what measures, if any,

are required.

• MEPC 65 noted considerable support for the proposal, in particular for Phase 1

• Since then, considerable work has been undertaken in developing a framework for a global data collection system.

• MEPC 69 approved draft amendments for the establishment of a data collection system for fuel consumption, with a view to adoption at MEPC 70.

• Application: 5,000 GT and above on international voyages

• Information to be submitted to the database:

- Identity of the ship (IMO number);

- Technical characteristics of the ship:

- Ship type, GT, NT, DWT, power output of

main & auxiliary engine,

- EEDI (if applicable) and ice class (if

applicable);

- Total annual fuel consumption, by fuel

type, in metric tonnes and methods used

for collecting fuel consumption data;

- Distance travelled from berth to berth ,

hours not at berth

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GHG emissions from ships


Third IMO GHG Study 2014

Study found that shipping, in total, accounted for approximately 3.1% of annual global CO2 emissions for the period 2007–2012. For international shipping, the CO2 estimate dropped from 2.8% in 2007 to 2.2% in 2012.

Year Global CO2Totalshipping % of global International

shipping% of global

2007 31,409 1,100 3.5% 885 2.8%

2008 32,204 1,135 3.5% 921 2.9%

2009 32,047 978 3.1% 855 2.7%

2010 33,612 915 2.7% 771 2.3%

2011 34,723 1,022 2.9% 850 2.4%

2012 35,640 938 2.6% 796 2.2%

Average 33,273 1,015 3.1% 846 2.6%

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GHG emissions from ships


Work to further address greenhouse gas emissions from ships at MEPC 69Development

Welcomed the Paris Agreement and acknowledged the major achievement of the international community in concluding the agreement;

Recognized and commended the current efforts and those already implemented by IMO to enhance the energy efficiency of ships;

Widely recognized and agreed that further appropriate improvements related to shipping emissions can and should be pursued;

Recognized the role of IMO in mitigating the impact of GHG emissions from international shipping;

Agreed to the common understanding that the approval at MEPC 69 and subsequent adoption of the data collection system was the priority;

Reiterated its endorsement of the three-step approach consisting of data collection, analysis and decision making; and

Agreed to establish a working group under this item at MEPC 70, with a view to an in-depth discussion on how to progress the matter, taking into account all documents submitted to this session and comments made, and any further related proposals.

Development cont’d

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Transfer of technology for ships


Work assigned to Ad hoc Working Group accomplished

- Resolution MEPC.229(65) on Promotion of technical cooperation and transfer of technology relating to the improvement of energy efficiency of ships;

- Ad hoc Expert Working Group on facilitation of transfer of technology for ships;

- MEPC 69 considered the full report of group, which has accomplished all four tasked assigned to it;

- noted that many of its recommendations had already been incorporated into the Organization’s technical cooperation activities and major projects.

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Particularly Sensitive Sea Areasand Special Areas

• Approval of the designation of the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park as a PSSA, with a view to adoption at MEPC 70

• Adoption of MEPC resolution on the establishment of the date on which regulation 11.3 of MARPOL Annex IV in respect of the Baltic Sea Special Area shall take effect


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Correspondence groups reporting to MEPC 70 and 71

• Review of the Guidelines for approval of BWMS (G8)Carry out a review and propose amendments to G8 Guidelines

• Fuel oil qualityDevelop guidance for assuring the quality of fuel oil delivered to ships

• EEDI review required under MARPOL regulation VI/21.6Consider status of technological developments for EEDI regulations

• Data collection system for fuel consumptiondevelopment of Guidelines for the implementation of the system

Intersessional work


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Spill preparedness and response

International convention on oil pollutionpreparedness, response andco-operation, 1990

Protocol on preparedness, response and co-operation to pollution incidents by hazardous and noxious substances, 2000

Image Credit: ITOPFImage Credit: ITOPF


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OPRC related developments

Guidelines completed at PPR 2 and approved by MEPC 68

• Guidelines on International offers ofassistance in response to a marine oilpollution incident

Tool to assist in managing requests for spillresponse resources and offers of assistancefrom other countries and organizationswhen confronted with large, complex orsignificant oil spill incidents

• Part III of the Guidelines for the use ofdispersants for combating oil pollution atsea (Operational and technical sheets forsurface application of dispersants)

Parts I (Basic information) and II (Nationalpolicy) were approved by MEPC 65


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Guidelines completed at PPR 3, to be considered by MEPC 70

OPRC related developments

• Section II of the Manual on Oil Pollution –Contingency planning

Extensive use as reference material by countriesdeveloping or updating their National oil spillcontingency plans. Revised to develop sections onplanning for offshore units and provide moregeneral updates in the field of contingencyplanning

• Guide on oil spill response in ice and snow conditions

Used to identify and describe those aspects ofplanning and operations that are directlyassociated with a response to a marine oil spill inice and snow conditions anywhere in the world,including a summary of the most up to dateresearch and development in this field.


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• Part IV of the IMO Dispersant Guidelines (Sub-sea dispersant application)

Work underway by a correspondence group who aim to submit at final draft to PPR 4 (Jan 2017)

• Update of OPRC Model training courseFinal review of materials underway with an aim to submit at final draft to PPR 4 (Jan 2017)

Level 3 – Strategic – Administrators and Senior ManagersLevel 2 – Tactical – Supervisors/On Scene CommandersLevel 1 – Operational – First RespondersLevel 0 – Raising awareness – Basic introduction

OPRC related developmentsGuidelines and tools currently under development


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Current OPRC regional projects


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• Goal: Enhance oil spill response capability in West, Central, and Southern Africa

• Scope: Organise trainings, exercises and workshops

• Key feature: Partnership between Industry/Government

• Area: Covers 22 countries

• Funding from IMO

• Funding from IPIECA: 10 oil industries members

The GI WACAF project


4 Albert EmbankmentLondonSE1 7SRUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0)20 7735 7611Fax: +44 (0)20 7587 3210Email: [email protected]

International Maritime Organization


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update on international regulations to prevent pollution ... - stefan micallef.pdf · international...

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