update of the lobesia botrana program in california · update of the lobesia ... • 6 in the 2 nd...
TRANSCRIPT
Jack K Clark
Update of the Lobesia
botrana program in
California
• Lucia G. VarelaUniversity of California, Santa Rosa, CA
• Monica CooperUniversity of California, Napa, CA
• Andrea LucchiUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Legend
Lobesia botrana pupae
Lobesia botrana larvae
Lobesia botrana males
Lobesia botrana female collected
3 mile (4.8 km) buffer
LBAM State interior quarantine
1st detected September 2009
in Napa Valley, California
How did it enter the US?
Investigated by USDA APHIS SITC.So far, the introduction pathway is unknown.
Some possible entries:
• Machinery (pupa stage).
• Nursery stock (olives).
• Fruit?
Detection Trapping
Quarantine area:
In 2010/11: 5 mile radius (8 km) from a find.
Traps deployed in vineyards:
• Quarantine area: 25 traps/mi2 (~10 traps/km2)
• Outside quarantine: 25 to 9 traps/mi2 (~3.5 traps/km2)
Traps deployed in urban areas:
• 5 traps/mi2 (~2 traps/km2)
Quarantine Areas
Individual Moth Catches
As of 10/08/2010
Merced 4
San Joaquin 2
Santa Clara 3
Monterey 1
Santa Cruz 1Fresno 11
Mendocino 36
Sonoma 59
Napa 100,793
Total # moths caught per County in 2010
Male catches 1st generation
Male catches 2nd generation
Male catches 3rd generation
How did it spread in California?
Infestations associated with:
• Movement of infested winegrapes.
• Movement of infested machinery.
• Movement of vineyard wooden stakes.
Treatment recommendations for 2010
• Insecticide treatments:
– To Vineyards within 1000 meters of a find (Napa within
200 meters of a find).
– Applications:
• 1st generation: 2 conventional or 3 organic insecticides.
• 2nd and 3rd generations: 1 conventional or 2 organic insecticides for
each generation.
• Mating disruption:
– Napa vineyards only.
CDFA treated urban areas
Treatment area:500 meter radius from EGVM detection.
Homeowner was given thefollowing choices:� Fruit/flower removal.
� Bt applications.
� Mating disruption in selected County locations.
2010: Majority chose fruit removal.
2011 - 2013: Bt applications & fruit removal.
2010/11 State
quarantine area:
~2,334 sq. miles
(6045 km2)
Male trap catches in 2010
Male trap catches in 2011
Napa Sonoma Solano Mendo-
cino
Fresno Merced San
Joaquin
Santa
Cruz
Santa
Clara
Mon-
terey
Nevada
2010 100,83
1
59 11 36 11 4 2 1 3 1 0
2011 113 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 4
Number of male moths caught on pheromone traps per year
Populations decrease from 2010 to 2011
Treatment recommendations for
2011 - 2013
• Insecticide Treatments
– To Vineyards within 500 meters of a find.
– For the 1st and 2nd generations.
• Mating Disruption
– All vineyards within 500 meters of a find (except in
counties slated for deregulation at the end of that year).
Conditions needed for deregulation
(2011 and 2012)
• 5 consecutive generations without a find
– Insecticide treatments allowed and recommended for
the 1st and 2nd generation
– NO mating disruption allowed
• Monitoring
– Trap density: 100 traps/mi2 (36 traps/km2)
– for at least 2 full generations (or two full generations
followed by a partial third, where a proportion of the
insects from the 2nd are expected to enter diapause)
Deregulated Areas in 2012
• Counties released from regulation:
– March 2012: Mendocino, San Joaquin, Merced, Fresno
– August 2012: Solano
• Revised quarantine area from 5 to 3 miles radius
from finds, in the remaining six infested counties.
~ 50% reduction quarantine area
2012 State
quarantine area
~1,302 sq. miles
(3372 km2)
Napa Sonoma Solano Mendo-
cino
Fresno Merced San
Joaquin
Santa
Cruz
Santa
Clara
Mon-
terey
Nevada
2010 100,831 59 11 36 11 4 2 1 3 1 0
2011 113 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 4
2012 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of male moths caught on pheromone traps per year
Populations decreased substantially from
2010 to 2013
2012 Traps caught
77 moths in 5
areas in Napa
County
At the end of 2012 the following
counties were released from
regulation:
• Nevada, Santa Clara, Santa
Cruz and portions of Solano
and Sonoma
Napa 77 moths
Male catches 2012
2013 State
quarantine area:
~687 mi2
(1780 km2)
Counties under
regulation:
Napa
Border: Sonoma
& Solano
2012 trap density – 10 traps/km2 2013 trap density – 36 traps/km2
Traps – 10 traps/km2
2012 Mating disruption
~23,000 acres
Traps – 36 traps/km2
2013 Mating disruption
around 2012 & 2013 finds
~2,800 acres
40 moths caught:
• 34 in 1st flight
• 6 in the 2nd flight
All other counties continue to be
monitored with traps:
• No moths caught
2013
• Mating disruption only 500
m from a 2012 and 2013 find
(~2,800 acres).
• Trapping density increased to
39 traps/km2
Napa 40 moths
Alternative hosts in California
� Only detected in the
flower of olives during
2010 first generation
Daphne gnidium
Photo: JF Gaffard
Olive flower
Daphne gnidium
Are traps accurately measuring
population?
• Up to now, for deregulation:Trap density: 36 traps/km2
= 1 trap/2 vineyard ha
• If on average traps pull moths from ~ 50 meters
– To cover the area, you need ~1 trap/1 ha
– Or continue trapping through time
10 traps/km2
36 traps/km2
km2
vineyard
322 m
162 m
Thank you